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2019-2020学年上外附中（浦东）高三上英语开学考Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgr

ammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,us

eonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ShanghaiCitizensOutOfSortsOverNewTrashSeparationRulesHouseholdtrashhasoccupiedt

hemindsofShanghairesidentsthisweek:specifically,arethecontentsoftheirbins“wet”,“dry”,“hazardous”or“recyclable”?Reside

ntsofthecityoneoftheworld’sbiggestwithabout23millionpeople,___1___arrangetheirtrashaccordingtothosela

belsunderamandatory（强制的）sortingscheme___2___(start)onJuly1.Citizens,however,arefinding___3___newsystemcomplicatedenough,___4___everyitemofw

astenowundercarefulscrutiny,fromreceiptsandhalf-eatencrayfishtosoggycupsof“bubbletea.”Residentsarealsounhappyaboutgett

ingtheirhandsdirty.“It’sreallyalotoftrouble,”saida68-yearoldresidentcalledShen.“Plasticbagshavetobeputinonebinandi

ftheyaredirtytheymust___5___(cleanout),andthenyourhandsgetfilthy.It’sreallyunhygienic.”HuangRong,deputysecretar

ygeneraloftheShanghaigovernment,saidonFridaymorethan70%ofresidentialdistrictsshouldbecompliant（遵守）withthenewtras

hsortingrulesbynextyear.ThoughShanghaihashired1,700instructorsandconducted13,000trainingsessions,confusedresidentsonsocialmediaaredemandingtoknowtos

ortitemslikebatteries,humanhair,meatonabone,orfruitseedsandskins.Thegovernment___6___(setup)anapptohandleenquiries.___7___cit

izensareunsureaboutwhichofthefourtrashcategories---recyclable,hazardouswaste,kitchenwasteandresidualwaste---somethingtheyneedtodiscardbelo

ngsto,theyopentheapp,typeintheobjectandreceiveadefinitiveanswer.Shanghaiaimstoeventuallyburnorrecycleallwaste.Bynextyear,drywasteincinerationand

wetwastetreatmentrates___8___(expect)toreach27,800tonnesaday,around80%ofthecity’stotalgarbage.Chinaisbuildinghundredsof“wastetoenergy”plants___9

___usegarbagetogeneratepower.Itisalsoestablishinga“waste-freecity”schemeandconstructinghigh-tech“comprehensiveutiliza

tionbases”acrossthecountry.Huangsaidthenewsortingmeasureswerejustthebeginning,andwouldnotinstantlyresolv

eShanghai’smountinggarbagechallenges.“Weneedtostepupthepropaganda,andwecan’thelpbut___10___(stepup)theconstru

ctionofinfrastructureandguaranteethattheseparationoftrashmeetsourrequirements,”hesaid.【答案】1.must2.starting3.the4.with5.becleanedo

ut6.hassetup7.Whenever8.areexpected9.which/that10.stepup【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。上海成为中国第一个实施垃圾分类的城市。不过，这项在发达国家已实行多年的制度，却在推行前受到不少上海市民的反对和调侃。【1题详解】考查情态动词

。句意：根据从7月1日开始实施的强制性垃圾分类计划，上海市民必须按照这四个标签来给垃圾分类。根据underamandatory（强制的）sortingscheme可知，此处表示按规定必须要做，应使用情态动词must。故答案为must

。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据从7月1日开始实施的强制性垃圾分类计划，上海市民必须按照这四个标签来给垃圾分类。此处与amandatorysortingscheme是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词做定语，表主动。故答

案为starting。【3题详解】考查冠词。句意：然而，居民们发现这个新系统已经足够复杂了，从收据到吃了一半的小龙虾，再到泡过的泡茶，每一种垃圾都要经过仔细的检查。此处特指这项新系统，应使用定冠词。故答案为the。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：然而，居民们发现这个新系

统已经足够复杂了，从收据到吃了一半的小龙虾，再到泡过的泡茶，每一种垃圾都要经过仔细的检查。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处为with复合结构，withsth.undercarefulscrutiny“让某物经过仔细的检查”。故答案为with。【5题详解】考查语态。句意：塑料袋必须放在一

个垃圾箱里，如果它们脏了，必须清理干净，然后你的手就会变得很脏。根据句意可知，此处应使用被动语态，由空前must可知，此处为becleanedout。故答案为becleanedout。【6题详解】考查时态。句意：政府已经建立了一个应用程序来处理询问。根据下文theyopentheapp,type

intheobjectandreceiveadefinitiveanswer.可知，政府已经建立这个应用程序，此处应使用现在完成时。故答案为hassetup。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：每当市民不确定需要丢弃的四类垃圾——可回收的、危险废物、厨房垃圾和剩余废物——属于哪一类时

，他们就会打开应用程序，输入该对象，然后得到一个确定的答案。根据句意可知，此处使用whenever引导时间状语“无论什么时候”。故答案为Whenever。【8题详解】考查语态。句意：到明年，干垃圾焚烧和湿垃圾处理率预计将达到每天27800吨，约占全市垃圾总量的80%。此处与主语dryw

asteincinerationandwetwastetreatmentrates是逻辑被动关系，应使用被动语态，“预料，预计”是目前的动作，应使用一般现在时。故答案为areexpected。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国正在建设数以百计的“垃圾转化能源”工厂，利用垃圾发电。此处

为限定性定语从句，先行词是“wastetoenergy”plants，关系词在从句中做主语，应使用关系代词which/that引导。故答案为which/that。【10题详解】考查固定短语。句意：们需要加强宣传，我们不得不加强基础设施建设，保证垃圾分类符合我们的要求。此处为can’thel

pbutdosth.“不得不做某事”。故答案为setup。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereiso

newordmorethanyouneed.TheUniqueJoyofLearningNewWordsWithallthat’shappeninginthenews,lifecanfeellikeanexerciseindeterminingthepar

ticularkindofbadweareexperiencingthe.Areweanxiousordepressed?Lonely,orstressed?TimLomas,aseniorlecturerinpositivepsyc

hologyattheUniversityofEastLondon,isengagedintheoppositeendeavor,___11___allthetypesofwell-beingthathecanfind.Specifically,Lomasiss

eekingto___12___psychologicalinsightbycollectinguntranslatablewordsthatdescribepleasurablefeelingswedon’thavea___13___forinEnglish.“It’salmostlikeea

choneisawindowontoanewlandscape,”Lomassays.Sofar,withthehelpofmanycontributors,hehasamassednearly1000inwhathe

callsa“positivelexicography”---includingtheDutchpretoogies,whichreferstothetwinklingeyesofsomeoneengagedi

nbenignmischief;TheArabictarab,awordformusicallyinducedecstasy;AndtheCreoletabanca,whichdescribesthe___14___feelingofbeingleftbysomeoneyoulove.Peo

plearefascinatedwithuntranslatablewordsinpartbecausetheyareuseful:Howelsecouldwetalktoeachotheraboutthe___15___pleasureofschadenf

reude?ButLomasalsoseethemasameansofshowingus“newpossibilitiesforwaysofliving,”describingthemasinvitationsforpeopletoexperiencehappyphen

omenathatmaypreviouslyhavehadbeen“hiddenfromthem”ortorevelinfeelingstheycouldn’tpreviously___16___.C

onsidertheJapaneseohanami,awordforgatheringwithotherstoappreciatelowers.Linguistshavelongarguedabouthowmuchthelanguagewespeak---partly

___17___byfactorslikegeographyandclimate---limitsthethoughtswearecapableofhavingortheactionswecantake

.Thewordsinwhichdifferentsocietieslivearedistinctworlds,notmerelythesameworldwithdifferentlabels___18___,”wrotethetheoristEdwardSapir.Pe

rusing（研读）thewordsinLomas’collection,attheleast,isameansofmeditatingonwaysthatwecanfeelgood.Whenaskedforoneofhi

sfavorites,thepsychologistliststheGermanFernweh,whichdescribesa___19___totraveltodistantlands,akindofhomesicknessfortheunexplored.Also

delightfulistheDanishmorgenfrisk,describingthesatisfactiononegetsfromagoodnight’ssleep,andtheLatinotium,___20___thejoyofbeingincon

trolofone’sowntime.【答案】11.ABC12.AB13.A14.B15.C16.D17.CD18.AD19.AC20.BC【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习新单词的独特乐趣。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：东伦敦大学(UniversityofEas

tLondon)积极心理学高级讲师蒂姆·洛马斯(TimLomas)则从事相反的工作，他分析了他能找到的所有类型的幸福感。根据句意可推出是analyze“分析”，此处与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故选ABC。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：具体

地说，洛马斯试图通过收集那些描述快乐感受的不可翻译的英语词语来揭示心理学上的洞察力。根据句意可推出是uncover“发现；揭开；揭露”。故选AB。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：具体地说，洛马斯试图通过收集那些描述快乐感受的不可翻译的英语词语来揭示

心理学上的洞察力。根据句意可推出是term“术语，词语”。故选A。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：还有Creoletabanca形容被所爱之人抛弃的苦乐参半的感觉。根据句意可推出是bittersweet

“苦乐参半的；又苦又甜的”，修饰feeling。故答案为bittersweet。故选B。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：人们对不可译词着迷，部分原因是这些词很有用:不然我们怎么能谈论幸灾乐祸带来的罪恶快感呢？根据句意可推出是guilty“有罪的；内疚的”，修饰pleasure。故选C。【16

题详解】考查动词。句意：但洛马斯也把它们看作是向我们展示“生活方式的新可能性”的一种方式，把它们描述为邀请人们去体验以前可能“对他们隐藏起来”的快乐现象，或者去陶醉于他们以前无法命名的感觉。根据句意可推出是name“命名”。

故选D。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：长期以来，语言学家一直在争论，我们所说的语言(部分由地理和气候等因素决定)在多大程度上限制了我们的思想能力或行动能力。根据句意可推出是determine“决定；断定”，由空后by可知，此处使用过去分词，表被动。

故选CD。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不同社会生活的词汇是不同的世界，而不仅仅是贴上不同标签的同一个世界，”理论家爱德华•萨皮尔(EdwardSapir)写道。根据句意可推出是attach“贴上”，此处与labels是逻辑动宾关系，应

使用过去分词，表被动。故选AD。【19题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问及他的最爱之一时，这位心理学家列举了德国的Fernweh，它描述了一种想去遥远国度旅行的渴望，一种对未知世界的思乡之情。根据句意可推出是动名词longing“渴望”。故选AC。【20题详解】考查非

谓语动词。句意：丹麦语morgenfrisk也令人愉快，它描述的是一个人一夜好眠的满足感，拉丁语otium强调的是控制自己时间的喜悦。根据句意可推出是highlight“突出；强调”,此处与theLatinotium是逻辑主谓关系，应使现在分词，表主动。故选BC。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehe

nsionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fi

llineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsin

hisneighborhoodarriveattheircollegeclassesontime.Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen___21___freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteigh

tyears.Sincehefirststarted___22___hiscartotheyoungpeople.Wilsonhas___23___anastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversa

tionswiththestudentshetransportstoandfromschool.Thestudentswhohe’s___24___havegoneontobecomephysicians,teachersandengineers,butwhatthey’vealsogoto

utoftheirtimeinschoolisfindingarolemodelandafriendinWilson.Somestudentsevencallhim“Grandpa”.TinaStern___25___ride

sfromWilsonforallherfouryearsincollege,andthetripsmeantmuchmoretoherthanjustfree___26___.“It’snotjustari

de:you’renotjustsittingtherein___27___silenceorwithyourheadphoneson.”Sternsaid.“Heasksyouquestionsanda

ctuallyrememberstheanswers,sothenexttimeyouridewithhim,he’ll___28___thosethings.”Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeoftheno

n-profitorganization,OnPointforCollege.Althoughthe___29___asksthemembersonlytodrivestudentstoandfromtheirclasses,Wilsonoftengoes____30____toensureth

ewelfareandsafetyofthestudents.Iftheyhaveproblemswithregistration.Wilsonistheretoassistthem.Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilld

rivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’sneeded.Ifastudentgetshungryonthelongdrivestoandfromschool,Wilsonnever___

_31____tobuythemameal.Formanystudents,Willson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated,it’salsoentirely____32____forthemtobeabletocompletethei

rcollegeeducation.Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershaveto____33____vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek.Forthem,ridingwithWilsonhasal

lowedthemtocompletetheireducation--butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe____34____.“IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesek

ids,”Wilsonsaid.“It’ssucha(n)____35____tobeapartofthesekids’lives,evenjustforafewhours,gettingtoknowthemandhearingtheirstories.”21.A.linkingB.sendi

ngC.offeringD.distributing22.A.donatingB.lendingC.deliveringD.volunteering23.A.pavedB.coveredC.measuredD.wandered24

.A.metB.drivenC.addressedD.greeted25.A.earnedB.receivedC.assessedD.demanded26.A.transportationB.styleC.timeD.communicati

on27.A.forcedB.awkwardC.ridiculousD.suspicious28.A.actonB.settleonC.checkonD.agreeon29.A.clubB.league

C.collegeD.programme30.A.farB.aroundC.beyondD.forwards31.A.expectsB.attemptsC.managesD.hesitates32.A.extraB.unusualC.necessaryD.adequate33.A.shareB.

fuelC.repairD.exchange34.A.experienceB.arrangementC.appreciationD.employment35.A.effortB.ambitionC.privilegeD.convenience【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.B25.B26.A

27.B28.C29.D30.C31.D32.C33.A34.A35.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了76岁的PaulWilson给大学生免费搭车的故事。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：76岁的Wilson是一

名退休工程师，在过去8年里，他一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。A.linking联系；B.sending发送；C.offering主动提供；D.distributing分配。根据空后freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears可知，Wilson一直

主动为大学生提供免费乘车服务。offersth.tosb.“给某人提供某物”。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：自他第一次开始自愿用他的车为年轻人服务以来……。A.donating捐赠；B.lending

借给；C.delivering传送；D.volunteering自愿。根据上文Aretiredengineer,76-year-oldWilsonhasbeen___1___freeridestocollegestudentsforthepasteightyears.可知，他自愿用他的车为

年轻人服务。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：Wilson已经走过了令人惊讶的64000英里，与他接送的学生们进行了无数愉快而又常常幽默的交谈。A.paved铺；B.covered覆盖，走了……路程；C.measured测量；D.wandered徘徊。根据空后anas

tonishing64,000miles可知，此处指“走了……路程”。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他开车送过的学生后来成为了医生、教师和工程师，但他们在学校的时光也让他们在威尔逊身上找到了榜样和朋友。A.met遇见；B.driven开车

送某人；C.addressed提出；D.greeted打招呼。根据上文Wilsonhas___3___anastonishing64,000miles,andhashadcountlesspleasantandoftenhumorousconversationswiththestudents

hetransportstoandfromschool.可知，此处指“被他开车送过的学生”。故选B。【25题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：TinaStern在大学四年里一直由Wilson接送，这些旅行对她来说不仅仅

是免费的运送（服务）。A.earned挣得；B.received收到，受到；C.assessed评估；D.demanded要求。作为免费搭车者应当是“接受”了这种服务。故选B。【26题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：TinaStern在大学四年里一直由Wilson接送，

这些旅行对她来说不仅仅是免费的运送（服务）。A.transportation运输，运送；B.style方式，样式；C.time时间；D.communication交流。根据上文TinaStern___5___ridesfromWilsonf

orallherfouryearsincollege可知，此处指“运送（服务）。”。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：Stern说：“这不仅仅是一次搭乘，你也不仅仅是坐在那里尴尬地沉默着或者戴着耳机。”A.forced强迫的；B.awkward尴

尬的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.suspicious可疑的。坐在车里彼此不交谈，只是沉默，这当然是令人尴尬的。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他会问你问题，并记住答案，所以下次

你搭车时，他会核实那些东西。A.acton对……起作用；B.settleon选择，选定；C.checkon检查，核实；D.agreeon同意。根据空后thosethings可知，此处指“核查那些东西”。故选C。【29题

详解】考查名词辨析。句意：虽然该项目只要求会员开车接送学生上下课，但为了确保学生的福利和安全，威尔逊经常做得更多。A.club俱乐部；B.league联盟，社团；C.college大学；D.programme计划，

方案。根据上文Wilsonfirstworkedasadriverthroughastudent-supportprogrammeofthenon-profitorganization,OnPointforCollege.可知，此处指“这个学生支持项目”。故选D。【30题详

解】考查副词辨析。句意：虽然该项目只要求会员开车接送学生上下课，但为了确保学生的福利和安全，威尔逊经常做得更多。A.far远；B.around周围；C.beyond超越；D.forwards向前。gobeyon

d超过，越过，符合语境。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：如果一个学生在往返学校的长途车程中饿了，Wilson会毫不犹豫地给他们买一顿饭。A.expects期待；B.attempts试图；C.manage

s完成，管理；D.hesitates犹豫，迟疑。根据上文Iftheyrunoutofcertaindailynecessities.Wilsonwilldrivetotheneareststoreandpurchasewhat’

sneeded.可知，Wilson非常热心地帮助学生，因此如果有学生在往返学校的长途车程中饿了，Wilson都会马上给他们去买吃的，从未犹豫过。故选D。【32题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：对许多学生来说，W

ilson的帮助不仅令他们感激，也是他们完成大学教育必不可少的。A.extra额外的；B.unusual不同寻常的；C.necessary必要的；D.adequate足够的。根据下文Forthem,ridi

ngwithWilsonhasallowedthemtocompletetheireducation--butaccordingtoWilson,hebenefitsjustasmuchfromthe___1

4___.可知，Wilson的帮助也是他们完成大学教育必不可少的。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：一些学生没有一辆可靠的车，而另一些学生不得不与每周工作6天的父母共用车辆。A.share共享，分享；B.fuel加油；C.

repair修理；D.exchange交换。根据空后vehicleswithparentswhoworksixdaysaweek可知，此处指“一些没有可靠车的学生不得不与父母共用车辆”。故选A。【34题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：对他们来说，由Wilson搭载能够使他们完

成学业——但据Wilson说，他也从这样的经历中受益匪浅。A.experience经历；B.arrangement安排；C.appreciation欣赏；D.employment雇用。根据语境可知，此处指“开车接送学生的这些经历”。故选A。【35

题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：能成为这些孩子生活的一部分是一种荣耀，哪怕只是几个小时，去了解他们，听他们的故事。A.effort努力；B.ambition雄心；C.privilege荣耀；D.convenie

nce方便。根据上文IjustlovedrivingandIlovethesekids可知，Willson认为能成为这些孩子生活的一部分是一种荣耀。故选C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.E

achpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepa

ssageyouhavejustread.AThepurposeoftheAmericancourtsystemistoprotecttherightsofthepeople.AccordingtoAmeric

anlaw,ifsomeoneisaccusedofacrime,heorsheisconsideredinnocentuntilthecourtprovesthatthepersonisguilty.Inotherwords,itistheresponsibilityofthec

ourttoprovethatapersonisguilty.Itisnottheresponsibilityofthepersontoprovethatheorsheisinnocent.Inordertoarrestaperson,thepolicehavetobereaso

nablesurethatacrimehasbeencommitted.Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonswhytheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.Th

enthepolicetakethesuspecttothepolicestationto“book”him.“Bookingmeansthatthenameofthepersonandthechargesagainsthimareformallylist

edatthepolicestation.Thenextstepisforthesuspecttogobeforeajudge.Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinja

ilorreleased.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway--

forexample,becauseheownsahouseandhasafamily--hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail（保释金）.Atthistime,too,thejudgewillappointacourtlay

ertodefendthesuspectifhecan’taffordone.Thesuspectreturnstocourtaweekortwolater.Alawyerfromthedistrictatto

rney’sofficepresentsacaseagainstthesuspect.Thisiscalledahearing.Theattorneymaypresentevidenceaswella

switnesses.Thejudgeatthehearingthendecideswhetherthereisenoughreasontoholdatrial.Ifthejudgedecidesthatthereissufficientevidencetocallforat

rial,heorshesetsadateforthesuspecttoappearincourttoformallypleadguilty（认罪）ornotguilty.Atthetrial,ajuryof12peoplelis

tenstotheevidencefrombothattorneysandhearsthetestimonyofthewitnesses.Thenthejurygoesintoaprivateroomtoconsidertheevidenceanddecidewhetherthede

fendantisguiltyofthecrime.Ifthejurydecidesthatthedefendantisinnocent,hegoesfree.However,ifheisconvicted,thejudgesetsadateforthedefendanttoappearinc

ourtagainforsentencing.Atthistime,thejudgetellstheconvicted（宣判有罪的）personwhathispunishmentwillbe.Thejudg

emaysentencehimtoprison,orderhimtopayafine,orplacehimonprobation（缓刑）.TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycom

plexandsometimesoperatesslowly.However,everystepisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.Theseindividualrightsarethebasis,orfoun

dation,oftheAmericangovernment.36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheAmericancourtsystemrequiresthatasuspectprovethat

heorsheisinnocent.B.TheUScourtsystemisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.C.UndertheAmericancourtsystem,ju

dgedecidesifasuspectisinnocentorguilty.D.TheUScourtsystemisdesignedtohelpthepolicepresentacaseagainstthesuspect.37.Accordingtothe

passage,‘hecangofree’(para.3)means_________.A.thesuspectisfreetochoosealawyertodefendhimB.thesuspectdoesnothav

etogototrialbecausethejudgehasdecidedheisinnocentC.thesuspectwillbeinformedbymailwhetherheisinnocentornotD.thesus

pectdoesnothavetowaitinjailorpaymoneyuntilhegoestotrial38.Whatisthepurposeofhavingthesuspectpaybail?A.Topayforthejudgeandth

etrial.B.Topayforacourtlawyertodefendthesuspect.C.Toensurethatthesuspectwillreturntocourt.D.Toensurethatthes

uspectwillappearinprison.39.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.TheAmericanjusticesystemsometimesopera

tesslowlyB.Thepolicecanarrestasuspectwithoutgivinganyreasons.C.Itistheresponsibilityofthesuspecttoproveheisinnoc

ent.D.Thejuryconsiderstheevidenceinthecourtroom.【答案】36.B37.D38.C39.A【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了美国的法院制度。【36题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的ThepurposeoftheAmericanco

urtsystemistoprotecttherightsofthepeople.（美国法院制度的目的是保护人民的权利）及最后一段中的TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometi

mesoperatesslowly.However,everystepisdesignedtoprotecttherightsofthepeople.（美国的司法系统非常复杂，有时运行缓慢。然而，每一步都是为了保护人民的权利）可知

，本篇文章主要介绍了美国的法院制度，它的目的是保护人民的权利。故选B。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的Thejudgedecideswhetherthesuspectshouldbekeptinjailorrelease

d.Ifthesuspecthasnopreviouscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway--forexample,becau

seheownsahouseandhasafamily--hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail（保释金）.（法官决定嫌疑犯是应该被关在监狱里还是应该被释放。如果嫌疑人之前没有犯罪记录，法官

认为他会回到法庭而不是逃跑——例如，因为他有房子和家庭——他可以自由。否则，嫌疑人必须提供保释金）可知，hecangofree意味着“嫌疑犯不必在监狱里等待，也不必付钱，直到他接受审判”。故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的Ifthesuspecthasnoprevio

uscriminalrecordandthejudgefeelsthathewillreturntocourtratherthanrunaway--forexample,becauseheownsah

ouseandhasafamily--hecangofree.Otherwise,thesuspectmustputupbail（保释金）.（如果嫌疑人之前没有犯罪记录，法官认为他会回到法庭而不是逃跑——例如，因为他有房子和家庭——他可以自由。否则，嫌疑人必须提供保释金）可推知，嫌疑人交保释

金是为了确保他能再次回到法庭。故选C。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的TheAmericanjusticesystemisverycomplexandsometimesoperatesslowly.（美国的司法系统非常复

杂，有时运行缓慢）可知，美国的司法系统有时运行缓慢。故选A。BThismonthmillionsofAmericankidscanforgetaboutclassroombellsandsetoffforgrandparents’homes,

sleep-awaycampsandlifeguardstands.Butsummervacationhasn’talwaysbeenabirthrightofU.S.schoolchildren.BeforetheCivilWar,schoolsoperatedononeoftwocale

ndars(日历),neitherofwhichincludedasummervacation.Rural(农村的)schoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwith

thefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.Urbanstudents,meanwhile,regularlyhadasmanyas48weeksofstudyayear,withonebreakperquart

er.Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcernthatruralsch

oolingwasnotenoughandthatoverusingofyoungmindscouldleadtonervousdisorders.Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak：itofferedarestforteachers,fiti

nthefarmingcalendarandreduceddoctors’concernthatpackingstudentsintohotclassroomswouldpromotethespreado

fdisease.Butpeople’sopinionaboutthemodernU.S.schoolyear,whichaverages180days,isstilldivided.Someexpertssayitspl

easantbutlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesof

U.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaverageintwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.Othersinsistthatwithchildrenunderincreasingpr

essuretodevotetheirdowntimetointernships(实习)orstudy,there’sstillroomforaninstitutionthatprotectsthelazydaysofc

hildhood.40.WhatdidtheruralschoolcalendarbeforetheCivilWarallowchildrentodo?A.Enjoyasummervacation.B.Takeabreakeachquarter.C.Have48we

eksofstudyayear.D.Assisttheirparentswithfarmwork.41.Whatdidtheeducationalreformersdointhe1840s?A.Theyintroducedsummervacat

ion.B.Theyshortenedruralschoolterms.C.Theypromotedthestudyoffarming.D.Theyadvocatedhigherpayforteachers.42.WhyaresomepeopleunhappyaboutthemodernU.S.s

choolyear?A.Itpushestheteacherstoohard.B.Itreducesthequalityofeducation.C.Itignoresscienceinstruction.D.Itincludesnotimeforinternships.【答案】40.D41.

A42.B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文，介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假的设立过程及优缺点。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Rural(农村的)schoolingwasdividedintosummerandwinterterms,leaving

kidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.可知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。故选D。【4

1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinethetwocalendarsoutofconcern……Summerappeare

dastheobvioustimeforabreak.可知，1840年代的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，故选A。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段Someexpertssayitspleasant

butlazysummerbreak,whichtookholdintheearly20thcentury,isoneofthereasonsmathskillsandgraduationratesofU.S.highschoolersrankedwellbelowaveragei

ntwointernationaleducationreportspublishedin2007.可知，针对现在的美国学年，根据2007年发表的两份国际教育报告，美国高中学生的数学能力和毕业率远低于平均水平的现状，一些专家认为慵懒的暑假降低了教育质量。故选B。【点睛】细节理解题具体方法与步

骤如下：1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨。本文介绍了美国学校假期的设置，变化，暑假的设立过程及优缺点。2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如forexample,first,second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。3.将精力放在寻找你

所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题1考查内战前农村校历设立的目的。根据第一段Rural(农村的)schoolingwasdividedintosummera

ndwinterterms,leavingkidsfreetohelpwiththefarmworkinthespringplantingandfallharvestseasons.可知，内战前的农村校历包括夏季学期和冬季学期，让孩子们在春天播

种和秋天收获时过假期帮助父母干农活。小题2考查1840s教育改革的内容，根据第二段Inthe1840s,however,educationalreformerslikeHoraceMannmovedtocombinet

hetwocalendarsoutofconcern……Summerappearedastheobvioustimeforabreak.可知，1840年代的教育改革提出了暑假休息的说法及各方面的原因，也就是引进了暑假。CAlthoughwomenget

angryjustasoftenasmen,rageremainstheprototypicalmaleemotion.“Mykidsstilltalkaboutmy‘freak-outs,’”saysKimGarretson,54,aco

rporatestrategistinMinneapolis,whoonceeruptedintovolcanicfury;inarestaurantwhenservedastill-frozenentree.”Ididn’texpressmuchofanything,buto

nceinawhile,I’djustblow.”Whydosomanymenlosetheirtempers?“Theragecomesbecausethere’ssomuchfrustrationwhenyou

cutoffsomethingthatisyou.Yetthat’swhatmendo,becausethey’reafraidthatifyougiveemotionsaninch,they’lltakeamile.”sayspsychologistKennethW.Chri

stian,PhD,authorofYourOwnWorstEnemy.Ifyoudon’tlearnhowtoworkwithyouremotions,you’reashadowfigure,asmallincompleteversionofyourself.It’sonly

amatteroftimeuntilthehouseofcardsthatyouarefallsapart.”ForKimGarretson,thatdaycamefouryearsagowhenhewasdiagnosedwithprostatecancer.Asoftenh

appenswhenillnessstrikesmen,herealizedhehadnothingtolose,andeverythingtogain,bylettinghimselffeel.“I’mnolongerafraidofexpressingalmostanyemotion,”hes

ays.“Igetangeroutwithmyquick,sharptongueandmoveon.Iusehumorasanoutlet,I’vereconnectedwitholdfriends.Italkaboutthebigquestionsoflife

.Isearchforspiritualmeaning.”Guys,TryTheseInhisDirtyHarrydays,ClintEastwoodneverflinched（退缩）.Nowasahusband,

fatherandOscar-winningdirectorofmoviesthatexplorethedepthsofmen’ssouls,thetoughguyhasturnedtender--butnottalkative.“Themenwhohidethei

remotionsthemostmay;infactbethemostsensitive,”observesChristian.Yetmencanbecomemoreemotionallyexpressivewithouttearsorfears.Herearesomewaysto

start;Developacreativeoutlet.Hobbieslikepaintingorplayingamusicalinstrumentcantapintoaman’ssoul.Rememberthatmuchoftheworld’sgreatestart,musican

dliteraturewascreatedbytheallegedlyemotionallychallengedsex.Releasestressandangerthroughexercise.“Whenyougettothebreaking

pointwhereyoujustwanttoputyourheadthroughawall,takingaten-minutetime-outisn’tenoughtocalmdown.,”saysWestover,whoinmomentsofextremeem

otionfindsaplacetodroptotheflooranddopush-ups.Tryexpressing“alittle”emotion.“Startwithfeelingsyoucan

control,findasympatheticearandusetheterm‘alittle,’”suggestsColeman,Sayingyoufeel“alittle”sador“alittle”scared

feelssaferthanafulldeclarationofvulnerability.Leanintothediscomfort.“Ratherthanavoidingafeelingthatyou

’renotsurehowtohandle,movetowardit,”sayspsychologistTravisBradbury,PhD,co-authorofTheEmotionalIntelligenceQuickBook.“L

earningtohandleemotionstakestimeandpractice,becauseyouneedtoretrainyourbrain,butitdoesgeteasier.”43.KimGarretsona54-year-oldcorporatestrategi

st,oncegotveryangrywhen________.A.diagnosedwithlungcancerB.givenatakemusicalinstrumentC.draggedintoamountainoustripD.s

ervedcoldfoodinarestaurant44.“They’lltakeamile.”(para.2),‘they’refersto________.A.psychologistsB.cardsC.emotionsD.friends45.Ifyoufailtolearnhowtowork

withyouremotions,_________.A.youwillsoonerorlaterbreakdownB.youwillbeanactivefigureinshadowboxingC.youwillbeafraidofexpressingalmos

tanyemotionD.youwillspendmoretimesearchingforspiritualmeaning46.Whatmainideaisdiscussedinthepassage?A.Howtodevelopyouremotions.B.Howtocheckyou

remotions.C.Howtohandleyouremotions.D.Howtoexpressyouremotions.【答案】43.D44.C45.A46.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了人们应该如何控制自己的情绪。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Mykidsstil

ltalkaboutmy‘freak-outs,’”saysKimGarretson,54,acorporatestrategistinMinneapolis,whoonceeruptedintovolcanicfury;inarestaurantwhenservedastill-frozenen

tree.”（“我的孩子们还在谈论我的那些‘怪癖’，”54岁的金·加勒森说，他是明尼阿波利斯的一名企业战略家，有一次，他在一家餐馆里吃到一份仍然冰冻着的主菜时，勃然大怒）可知，54岁的金•加勒森有一次在餐馆里吃到冷菜时非常生气。故选D。

【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Yetthat’swhatmendo,becausethey’reafraidthatifyougiveemotionsaninch,they’lltakeamile.（然而，这正是男人所做的，因为他们害怕如果你

给感情一英寸，它们就要一英里）可推知，They’lltakeamile中的they指的是本句中的emotions。故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的Ifyoudon’tlearnhowtoworkwithy

ouremotions,you’reashadowfigure,asmallincompleteversionofyourself.It’sonlyamatteroftimeuntilthehouseofcardsthatyouarefallsapart.（如果你不学会如

何处理你的情绪，你就是一个影子，一个不完整的你。你所处的纸牌屋分崩离析只是时间问题）可推知，如果你不学会如何处理你的情绪，你迟早会崩溃。故选A。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的Learningtohandleemotio

nstakestimeandpractice,becauseyouneedtoretrainyourbrain,butitdoesgeteasier.（学会处理情绪需要时间和练习，因为你需要重新训练你的大脑，但它确实变得更容易了）可知，本文只要介绍了人们应该如何控制自己的情绪。故

选C。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheeachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentenc

ecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Theproblemofrobocallshasbecomesosever

ethatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）.Wearef

inallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscamm

ersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it’stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”becomewidelyavailable,scammers

willhavemovedontocleverermeans._____47_____Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.Tha

t’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulationandautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyava

ilableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvinc

inghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoreceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.____48____Thereasonthatrobo

callsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches（数据侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscanea

silylearnyourmother’sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeop

le.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyour

bankteller’s,trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress,mother’sname,andcarknumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstill

doneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships._____49_____.Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.____50____

Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-ba

sedcommunications--usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingt

ogetharderfromhereonout.A.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.B.Therearemanychallengesinrob

oticsthatneedtobeaddressedinordertosolvethevoicemanipulationandassemblyproblems.C.Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethe

numberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.D.It’shightimethatthegovernmentshouldsparenoefforttotackletheproblemimmedia

tely.AB.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.AC.T

hosedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.【答案】47.C48.AC49.A50.AB【解析】本文是说明文。文章指出语音操作

于自动化技术的出现，使得机器人电话可以以假乱真，欺诈现象更加严重，解决这个问题需要电话运营商和消费者共同努力。【47题详解】根据下文Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’

rehearingisactuallyreal.（很快你也会质疑你听到的声音是否是真的）可知，C项Inthenearfuture,it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.（在不久的将来，不仅

仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑），符合文意。其中also是解题关键。故选C。【48题详解】根据上文Atthisyear’sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvo

icetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoreceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.（在今年的I/O大

会上，一家公司展示了一种新的语音技术，这种技术能够产生如此令人信服的人声，以至于它能够在不被察觉的情况下与接待员通话并预订房间）可知，技术的发展会让自动电话问题变得更糟。AC项Thosedevelopments

arelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.（那些发展可能会使我们目前的自动电话问题变得更糟），符合文意。故选AC。【49题详解】根据上文Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuc

hofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.（许多业务仍然是通过电话完成的，其中许多是基于信任和现有的关系）可知，骗子使用语音操纵技术进行行骗，会削弱人与人之间的信任关系。A项Voicemanipul

ationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.（语音操纵技术可能会逐渐削弱这一点），符合文意。故选A。【50题详解】根据下文Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showin

gwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications--usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhat

sApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.（这可能意味着，要么开发一种统一的方式来标记视频和图像，显示它们是何时、由谁制作的，要么完全放弃电话，转向基于数据的通信——使用FaceTime或WhatsApp

等可以与你的身份绑定的应用程序）可知，解决电信网络的不安全问题需要电话运营商和消费者需要共同努力。AB项Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommun

icatingwhatisreal.（电话运营商和消费者需要共同努力，找到确定和沟通什么是真实的方法），符合文意。故选AB。Ⅳ.SummaryWriting51.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左

右的内容概要。Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,“We’vegonetotheoppositeextremeof

afewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict.”Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey’rebuildingtheirchildren’sconfidence

,when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat’sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakea

riskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents’praisehasputthem.Still,don’tgotoofarintheotherd

irection.Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.Kidswillfeellikethey’renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon’tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopoi

ntintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.Ifpraise

issincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.“W

eshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren’seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,”saysDonahue,

authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.“Onethingtorememberisthatit’stheprocessnottheendprodu

ctthatmatters.”Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.Butifhe’soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardle

ssofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner

,orfinishabookreport.Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchild

hasputintoit.__________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答

案】Parentstendtogotoextremeswhenitcomestopraisingtheirkids.(要点一)Yet,bothtoomuchandtoolittlepraisecanbeequallydamaging.(要点二)Whe

ngivingpraise,parentsshouldbesincereandconcentrateontheprocessinsteadoftheresult.(要点三)Similarly,theyoughttogivepraisef

orhowmuchefforttheirkidshaveinvestedintheworkthey’reinvolvedin.(要点四)【解析】【分析】本次浙江高考书面表达采用了概要写作题型。概要写作是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁，考查的是学生在实现自由的思维表达之

前，对他人的信息在理解的基础上进行概括表达的能力。选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，题材不限，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。【详解】完成一篇概要写作，需要经过三个步骤，1.读懂原文，抓住段落主题句。在阅读过程中，需要准确把握文章的段落大意，学会剔除非重要信息，弄清楚不同体裁的文

章的内部逻辑关系以及文章的篇章结构。2.组织语言，转换表达。在找到主题句明确全文中心的基础上，组织好语言，注重语言表达的独立性和准确性以及高级性，不全盘照抄原文句子，尽量用自己的语言转换表达，同时要注意篇幅的比例安排，用较多的文字去表达重要

的内容。3.通读全文，逻辑连贯。要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。