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考点16--词义猜测之猜测短语的意思--练模拟--熟能生巧1.【2022届安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】Cityparkshavelongbeenaplaceforurbanresidentstogetas

mallamountofgreen.Ascitiesincreasinglyfeeltheimpactsofrisingseasandtemperatures,peoplearerethinkingth

erolesofurbanparks.Allofthedark-grayasphalt(沥青)incitiescollectheat.Dallasisoneofthecountry’sfastest-warmingcitiesthan

ksinparttoitsextensiveimpervious(不透水的)surfaces,butwithanew$312millionbondpackage,thecityishopingtochangethat.Usingsatellitedata,thecityisablet

oseewhatneighborhoodsmostneedthecoolingeffectofgreenspaces.Citiesareincreasinglyfloodingandcityplannersthinkparkscanhelpwiththisissuetoo.Arep

ortpublishedinFebruarybyTheNatureConservancylookedatthebestwaystodealwithfloodinginHouston,acitywithmanyneighborhoodsbuiltonfloodplainsandregular

lyfloodedbyrisingwaters.Offeringaffectedhomeownersbuyoutsandtransforminghomesintogreenspaceswouldsavemoremoneythaninstallinginfr

astructure(基础设施)likepipes,theyfound.BrendanShane,aclimateprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocool

ingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.“Thestrongerthebondsarefromneighbortoneighbor,thebettertheyareabletoreacttoashock,”hesays.“Notasingles

olutionbyitselfwillavoidtheclimatecrisis.Weseeparksasanimportantpartofit,butthereisn’tasilverbullet,”saysDianeRegas,CEOofTheTrustforPublicLand.“P

arksareanexampleofwhatweintheenvironmentalcommunityneedtodotoreachsolutionsthataddressclimatechangeatthesametimeandmakepeople’sli

vesbetter.”8．WhatdoesthecityDallaswanttodealwith?A．Thelackofgreenspaces.B．Thewayofcollectingheat.C．Theeffectofrisingsea

s.D．Thebondbetweenneighborhoods.9．WhatcanbeinferredfromthereportbyTheNatureConservancy?A．Citiesintheworldarefrequentlyflooded.B．Cityparksmay

helppreventcityflooding.C．Citiesneedn’tinvestmuchmoneyininfrastructure.D．Cityparksaffectpeople’schoiceofaneighborhoo

d.10．WhatdoesBrendanShanesayaboutparks?A．Theycanenablepeopletogetoverashock.B．Theycanreduceairpollutioneffectively.C．Theycanperformpositi

vesocialfunctions.D．Theycanhelppeopletokeepacoolhead.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“asliverbullet”in

Paragraph5mean?A．Afastandeffectivesolution.B．Asuccessfulexample.C．Animmediateandclearcause.D．Animpracticalmethod.【答案】8．A9．B10

．C11．A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，随着城市出现的问题，人们正在重新思考城市公园的作用，让公园成为人们锻炼和玩耍、为社区降温和吸收洪水的地方。8．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Allofthedark-grayasph

alt(沥青)incitiescollectheat.Dallasisoneofthecountry’sfastest-warmingcitiesthanksinparttoitsextensiveimpervious(不透水的)surfaces(城市里所有的深灰色沥青

都会收集热量。达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一)”和“Usingsatellitedata,thecityisabletoseewhatneighborhoodsmostneedthecoolingeffectofgree

nspaces.(利用卫星数据，该市能够看到哪些社区最需要绿地的降温效果)”可知，达拉斯是美国变暖速度最快的城市之一，需要绿地来降温，可得出达拉斯市要应对缺乏绿地的问题。故选A项。9．推理判断题。由第三段“Citiesareincre

asinglyfloodingandcityplannersthinkparkscanhelpwiththisissuetoo.AreportpublishedinFebruarybyTheNatureConservancylookedatthebestwayst

odealwithfloodinginHouston,acitywithmanyneighborhoodsbuiltonfloodplainsandregularlyfloodedbyrisingwaters.Offeringaffected

homeownersbuyoutsandtransforminghomesintogreenspaceswouldsavemoremoneythaninstallinginfrastructure(基础设施)likepipes,theyfound.(城市越来越多地被

洪水淹没，城市规划者认为公园也可以帮助解决这个问题。2月，自然保护协会发布了一份报告，探讨了应对休斯顿洪水的最佳方法，休斯顿市的许多社区都建在洪泛平原上，经常被上涨的洪水淹没。他们发现，与安装管道等基础设施相比，为受影响的房主提供买断，并将房屋

改造成绿色空间，将节省更多资金)”可知，针对像休斯顿这样容易被洪水淹没的城市，应对洪水的最佳方法是建设更多的绿色空间，可得出城市公园可能有助于防止城市洪水。故选B项。10．细节理解题。由第四段中的“BrendanShane,aclimat

eprogramdirector,saysparkscancreateopportunitiesforpeopletoexerciseandplay,inadditiontocoolingneighborhoodsandabsorbingfloodwater.(气候项

目主任布伦丹·沙恩说，公园可以为人们创造锻炼和玩耍的机会，此外还可以为社区降温和吸收洪水)”可知，布伦丹·沙恩认为城市公园于人与社会都有好处，城市公园可以发挥积极的社会功能。故选C项。11．词句猜测题。由第五段中的“Notasinglesolutionbyitselfwillavoidthecl

imatecrisis.Weseeparksasanimportantpartofit,butthereisn’tasilverbullet(没有一个单一的解决方案能够避免气候危机。我们认为公园是其中的一个重要部分，但没有什么asilverbullet)”和“Parksareanexa

mpleofwhatweintheenvironmentalcommunityneedtodotoreachsolutionsthataddressclimatechangeatthesametimeandma

kepeople’slivesbetter.(公园是我们环保界需要做的事情的一个例子，以达成解决方案，同时应对气候变化，改善人们的生活)”可知，应对气候危机没有单一的解决方案，建设城市公园只是应对气候危机的一环，总之没有快

速有效的解决方案，asliverbullet在此处意为“快速有效的解决方案（Afastandeffectivesolution）”。故选A项。2.【河南省安阳市TOP二十名校2022-2023学年新高

三上学期调研6月摸底】Thesedays,ourhealthandwellnessshouldbeapriority.Gonearethedayswhenpeopletakethemselvesforgranted.Itisabouttimethatwes

houldstartinvestingingoodhealth.ButwithallthehealthandwellnesstipsfoundontheInternet,whichoneshouldyouconsiderdoing?Youm

ayalreadyknowthebasicsofhealthyliving.Butifyouwanttoboostyourefforts,itonlymakessensethatyouusestrateg

iestestedandprovenbyscientists.Here’swhatyoucanconsiderinvestinginsothatyoucanfinallyenjoybetterhealthandwellness.

Somepeoplespendaconsiderableamountoftimeworkingwhilesittingdown.Youcanbeworkinginanofficeandspendingmostofyourtimedoingreportsonacomputer.But

ifyouwanttobehealthier,getupandwalkmoreoftenwhileatwork.Thisisnottosaythatyoushouldignoreyourroleandslackoff.Walkingmoreoften,evenforatleasttenminu

tesatatime,canalreadyhelpyouachievebetterhealth.Youcanalwaysdoabitmorewalkingwheninameeting,whengoingtoandfromwork,andbytakingthestairsinsteadoftheel

evators.Makingthoselegsworkwillhelpyougetmoreexercisenomatterhowbusyyourworkscheduleis.Stopthinkingth

atyouhavenotimetogoforawalkorrunwithyourfriends.Byputtingyourmindonyourgoal,youcangetmorewalkingevenifyoualreadyhaveyourh

andsfullatwork.Sittingalldayisthenewviceofmanypeople.Thisincreasesone’sriskofdiabetes,heartissuesandeve

nsomecancer.Youdon’twantyourmentalhealthtosufferjustbecauseyouweretoolazytowalkwhileyouspendhoursatatimeworkingbehin

dadesk.8．Whatkindofexerciseshouldyoutakewheninvestingingoodhealth?A．Heavyloadofexercise.B．Anyexerciseyouthi

nkof.C．Methodstestedandproven.D．AllsuggestedontheInternet.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“slackoff”inparagraph4mean?

A．Putsomethingoff.B．Nottakeitseriously.C．Treatwhole-heartedly.D．Becautiousspecially.10．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A．Thereisnoexcuse

fornotgoinginforwalking.B．Busyworkscheduleleavesnotimeforwalking.C．Youshouldreduceyourworktimeforwalking.D．Wa

lkingcanbedoneafteryoufinishyourwork.11．Whatmightbediscussedaboutinthefollowingpartofthetext?A．Howwecanwalkduringwork.B．Whatelsewecando

forexercise.C．Whateffectswewillgetwithoutwalking.D．Whywalkingwhileworkingisapriority.【答案】8．C9．B10．A11．C【解析】这是

一篇说明文。文章主要说明了应该如何保持健康，以及如何平衡工作和运动。8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Butifyouwanttoboostyourefforts,itonlymakessensethatyouusestrategiestestedandprovenby

scientists.(但如果你想提高你的努力，只有使用经过科学家测试和证明的策略才有意义)”可知，在投资健康时，你应该做的运动是经过测试和证明的方法。故选C。9．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，this指代上文提到的“getupandwalkmoreoft

enwhileatwork(工作时经常站起来走路)”,根据画线词上文“Thisisnottosaythatyoushouldignoreyourroleand(这并不是说你应该忽略自己的角色)”以及and表示

并列可推断，工作是常站起来走动并不是说你忽视你的角色和懈怠。故画线词意思是“懈怠”，与B项“不认真对待某事”意思相近。故选B。10．推理判断题。根据第五段“Makingthoselegsworkwillhelpyougetmoreexer

cisenomatterhowbusyyourworkscheduleis.Stopthinkingthatyouhavenotimetogoforawalkorrunwithyourfriends.Byputtingyourmindonyourgoal,youcangetm

orewalkingevenifyoualreadyhaveyourhandsfullatwork.(不管你的工作安排有多忙，让腿活动起来会帮助你得到更多的锻炼。不要认为你没有时间和你的朋友去散步或跑步。把你的注意力放在你的目标上，即使你已经工作

得很忙，你也可以走更多的路)”可推知，没有理由不去散步。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sittingalldayisthenewviceofmanypeople.Thisincreasesone

’sriskofdiabetes,heartissuesandevensomecancer.Youdon’twantyourmentalhealthtosufferjustbecauseyouweretoolazytowalkwhileyouspendhoursata

timeworkingbehindadesk.(整天坐着是许多人的新恶习。这会增加患糖尿病、心脏病甚至某些癌症的风险。你不会希望自己仅仅因为在桌子后面工作而懒得走路而精神健康受到影响)”可推知，下面的文章可能会讨论我们不走路会有什么影响。故选C。3.【广东省肇

庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟】Mangrovesaretreesthattypicallygrowinsaltwateralongcoasts.Butsomeredmangrovesendupdeepinthera

inforestsofMexico’sYucatanPeninsula.TheseplantsliveinfreshwateralongtheSanPedroMartirRiver.That’snearly200kilometersfromthe

sea.Scientistswantedtoknowhowthesemangrovesgottrappedsofarinland.CarlosBurelowasamongthem.Hebecamecuriou

saboutthesemangrovesonachildhoodfishingtripthere35yearsago.Burelosawthattherootsofthemangrovesgrewaboveground.Thiswasdiffe

rentfromtheothertrees.Burelo’steamfirstinvestigatedwherethefreshwatermangrovescamefrom.Theystartedbycollectingtheirleavesandthencompared

theirDNAtotheleavesfromcoastalmangroveswhichweregrowingalongtheGulfofMexico.TheDNAhelpedidentifytheoriginsofthemangrovesontheSanPedroMartirRiver.Th

eyhadstartedalongtheGulfofMexico,some170kilometersawayfromtheriver.Theteamdiscoveredotherevidencethatthisec

osystemhadoncebeencoastal.Theydiscovered112otherspeciesinthisregionthataretypicallyfoundnearcoasts.Theresearcherslookedatthesoilto

o.“Thesesediments(沉积物)nearthemangrovesrevealedexactlywhatweexpected,”saysExequielEzcurra,anecologistattheUnivers

ityofCalifornia.Inall,theresearchersturnedupcoastalstones,shellsofseasnailsandclaysedimentsrichinshellfragments(碎片).Thesel

edtheresearcherstoconcludetheareausedtobepartoftheoceanlongago.Computermodelsofhowsealevelhaschangedo

vertimeconfirmedthosefindings.Themodelsshowedthatwhensealevelswerehigherinthepast,theoceanmergedwiththelowerbasino

ftheSanPedroMartirRiver.Thatwouldhavebeenaround150,000to130,000yearsago.Thispushedredmangrovesandotherspeciesinland.“T

hisdiscoveryhighlightshowchangestothepastclimatehaveaffectedtheworld’scoastlines,”Ezcurrasays.“Italsoof

fersachancetobetterunderstandhowfuturesealevelrisemayaffecttheseecosystems.”1．WhatdidBurelonoticeasachild?A．Thechangesofthe

seawater.B．Theproblemsfacingtherainforest.C．Theunusualrootsofsomemangroves.D．Theinfluenceofmangrovesonfi

shing.2．Whatcanweinferaboutthefreshwatermangrovesandthecoastalones?A．TheyarecloseinDNA．B．Theyhavedifferentleaves.C．Theyhavedifferentorigi

ns.D．Theybothhavemanyspecies.5．Whatdoestheresearchofthesoilshow?A．Thecompositionofthesoilisverycomplicated.B．Thefreshwatermangrovesoncegrew

inthesea.C．Seacreaturesinfluencethegrowthofmangroves.D．Thesealevelhaslittlechangeoverthepastyears.4．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“mergedw

ith”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Developedfrom.B．Changedinto.C．Dependedon.D．Combinedwith.【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红树这种生长在沿海的生物在淡水地区被发现。科

研人员们通过研究发现，这些红树生长的淡水地区在历史上曾经是海洋。1．细节理解题。据文章第一段中“Burelosawthattherootsofthemangrovesgrewaboveground.Thiswasdifferentfromtheothertrees.（Burelo看到红树林的

根长在地面上。这与其他树不同）”可知，Burelo注意到的是一些红树不寻常的根。故选C。2．推理判断题。据文章第二段中第二、三、四句“TheystartedbycollectingtheirleavesandthencomparedtheirDNAtotheleavesfromcoastal

mangroveswhichweregrowingalongtheGulfofMexico.TheDNAhelpedidentifytheoriginsofthemangrovesontheSanPedroMartirRiver.Th

eyhadstartedalongtheGulfofMexico,some170kilometersawayfromtheriver.（他们首先收集了它们的叶子，然后将它们的DNA与生长在墨西哥湾沿岸的红树林的叶子进行了比较。DNA帮助确定了圣佩德罗马尔蒂尔河红树林的起源。他们是沿着墨西

哥湾出发的，距离这条河大约170公里）”可知它们的DNA很接近。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“Inall,theresearchersturnedupcoastalstones,shellsofseasnailsandclaysedimentsrichinshellfr

agments（碎片）.Theseledtheresearcherstoconcludetheareausedtobepartoftheoceanlongago.（总之，研究人员发现了海岸石头、海螺壳和富含贝壳碎片的粘土沉积

物。这使得研究人员得出结论，这片区域在很久以前曾是海洋的一部分）”可知对土壤的研究表明了淡水红树林曾经生长在海里。故选B。4．短语猜测题。根据第四段第二句“Themodelsshowedthatwhensealevelswerehigherinthepast（模型显示，过去海平面较高的时

候）”可知过去海平面较高，再结合第四段最后两句“Thatwouldhavebeenaround150,000to130,000yearsago.Thispushedredmangrovesandotherspeciesinland.（那应该是在15万到1

3万年前。这将红树和其他物种推向内陆）”可知，曾经海平面较髙的时候，把theSanPedroM4rtirRiver的低洼地区吞并，与之结合。即划线部分意为“与……结合”。故选D。4.【江苏省苏州市张家港市2021-202

2学年高三下学期开学考试】JackhornKentucky,asmallvillageintheAppalachianMountains,isdeepincoalcountry.Butwithcoaljobsdisappearingandunemploymentat

recordhighs,thiscommunityhasfoundareasontohope.Abakeshopwithanunusualname,BlackSheepBrickOvenBakery,isprovidingsteadyemploymentandjobtrainin

gskillstolocalresidents.Thebakeryisacommunity-ownedsocialenterprisethatisfocusedonprovidingjobsforworkersdisplaced(免职)bythecoalmin

ingindustry,peopleinrecovery,andotherswhoneedanewstartinlife.Itstartedasavolunteerdriveninitiative(倡议

)aspartofthesuccessful“BacktoOurAppalachianRoots”project.Throughtheproject,workerscanlearntraditionalmountainskillslikeblacksmithing,

quilting,andmountaincooking.“Thereisnothinglikebreadbakedinthehearth,”GwenJohnson,theco-founderandmanagerofthebakerysaid.“Itfeedsth

ebodyandseemsfamiliarevenifyouhaveneverbeforetastedit.”Thenameofthebakeryandcateringcompanywasborrowedfroma

localshopaccordingtoJohnson.Buttheshopdidn’tmindit.ThereasonswhythecommunityneedsthesocialenterprisegobacktothebeginningofcoalmininginAmeric

a.GenerationsofAppalachianresidentsworkedinthecoalminesanditwasasourceofprideaswellastheprimaryemployerinthearea.Butcoalminin

gisback-breakingworkwithahugeamountofinjuries,accidentsanddiseaseslikeblacklung.Today,thereareveryfewcoaljobsleftintheareaduetoautomationandthereduc

tionofpowerplantsthatarecoal-fed.Povertyhasbecomeamajorprobleminthearea.TheBlackSheepBrickOvenBakeryisworkingtoturnthisaround.Itisamodelofgi

vingpeoplesecondchancesandhasbecomeasuccessfulbusiness.Johnsonsaid“Wehavecreatedaninclusiveplaceofloveandbelongingforwhoe

verwantstocome.Iwasalwaysablacksheepinmyfamily,whichgavemeaheartforothers.”1．WhatisthebakeryintendedtodoaccordingtoP

aragraph2?A．Toofferbreadtodisplacedminers.B．Todevelopworkers’mountainskills.C．Toreplacethetraditiona

lcoalindustry.D．Tohelpthelocalsinneedearnaliving2．Howdidthebakerygetitsname?A．Thebakerywasnamedafteritsco-founder

.B．Thebakeryadoptedthecommunity’sname.C．Thenamewasaninspirationfromalocalshop.D．Thenamewasvotedbythecommunityworkers.3．Whatdoestheunder

linedword“back-breaking”probablymean?A．Tough.B．Popular.C．Worthy.D．Urgent.4．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetex

t?A．TheSecretofaMan’sSuccessB．ABakeryBringsHopetoaVillageC．ThePopularityofaNewEnterpriseD．CoalJobsareDisappearinginAmerica【答案

】1．D2．C3．A4．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。JackhornKentucky是一个盛产煤的村庄，随着煤矿工作岗位的消失和失业率达到历史新高，一家名为“BlackSheepBrickOvenBakery

”的面包店正在为当地居民提供稳定的就业和职业培训技能，给村庄带来新的希望。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebakeryisacommunity-ownedsocialenterprisethatisfocusedonprovidingjobsforworkersdispl

acedbythecoalminingindustry,peopleinrecovery,andotherswhoneedanewstartinlife.(这家面包店是一家社区所有的社会企业，专注于为被煤矿工业免职的工人、康复中的人们和其他需要新生活开始的人提供就业机会。)”可知，面包店

为一些失业人员等提供工作，解决了他们的生计问题，所以D选项“帮助有需要的当地人谋生”符合文意。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第三段“ThenameofthebakeryandcateringcompanywasborrowedfromalocalshopaccordingtoJohnson.(据

约翰逊说，面包店和餐饮公司的名称是从当地一家商店借来的。)”可知，面包店的名字灵感来源于当地一家商店。故选C。3．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Butcoalminingisback-breakingworkwithahugeamountofinjuries,accidentsandd

iseaseslikeblacklung.(但是煤矿开采是……的工作，有大量的伤害、事故和黑肺等疾病。)”可知，开采煤工作有风险，危害健康，是一项“艰苦的”工作。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Abakeshopwithanunusualname,BlackSh

eepBrickOvenBakery,isprovidingsteadyemploymentandjobtrainingskillstolocalresidents.(一家名叫“黑羊砖烤炉”的面包店正在为当地居民提供稳定的就业机会和职业培训技能。)”

及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了JackhornKentucky是一个盛产煤的村庄，随着煤矿工作岗位的消失和失业率达到历史新高，一家名为“BlackSheepBrickOvenBakery”的面包店正在为当地居民提供稳定的

就业和职业培训技能，给村庄带来新的希望。故选项B“面包店给村庄带来希望”符合文意。故选B。5.【安徽省阜阳市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末教学质量统测】The1930sandearly1940swereagoodtime

tofishforsardines(沙丁鱼)offCalifornia.CenteredonMontereyBay,catchesincreaseddramaticallyandsupportedthestate’seconomy.But

thesituationbegantochangein1946,andsardinecatcheseventuallyfellfromanaverageof234,000tonstojust24,000tons.Theindustrywentbelly-up.Scienti

stshaveguessedfordecadesaboutwhatcausedthisphenomenon,buttheylackeddatatotesttheirtheories.Nowresearcher

shavefinallyfoundoneapparentcause:cyclesofoceanupwelling,adefiningfeatureoftheWestCoastseaenvironmentinwhic

hdeep,nutrient-richwaterrisestothenutrient-poorsurfaceandrestoresthefoodsupplythere.Thekeythatunlocked

thisphenomenonturnedouttobeoldseaweedspecimens(标本)gatheredaroundtheU.S.“Plantsarejustsittingthere,recordingdataaboutthe

stateoftheocean,”saysKyleVanHoutan,chiefscientistattheMontereyBayAquariumandseniorauthorofthenewstudy.VanHouta

nandothershadsuspectedtheimpactofupwelling,butscientistsonlystartedmeasuringtheprocessinMontereyBayin1946.

Historicseaweedspecimens,VanHoutanrealized,mightfillintheblanksforearlieryears—similartothewayicecorescanhelpreconstructCO2levels

fromtimesbeforeresearchersstartedcollectingreal-timemeasurements.Forthenewstudy,thescientistsreliedonthefactthatdeeper

waternearMontereytypicallyhostsmoreofaparticularnitrogenisotope(氮同位素).Lookingatmodernupwellingdataandrecentlycollectedseaweed,theyfoundthathigherlev

elsofthisnitrogenintheplants’cellscorrespondedwithperiodsofmoreupwelling.Nexttheymeasuredtheisotopelevelsin70historicspecime

nsoftheredseaweedGelidium,gatheredfromMontereyasfarbackas1878.Theresultssuggestedagradualincreaseinupwellingandthenadramaticdecrease,whichlinedupwit

hthesardinepopulation’sgrowthanddecline.“Thispaperisanexcellentexampleofthecreativedetectiveworkofhistorica

lecology,”saysLorenMcClenachan,amarineecologistatColbyCollege,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.“Therearethous

andsandthousandsofsimilarspecimensincollectionsaroundtheworld,andapplyingsimilarmethodscouldteachusa

greatdealaboutlong-termoceanchange.”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“wentbelly-up”inparagraph1mean?A．Sprangup.B．

Caughton.C．Crashed.D．Participated.2．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningicecores?A．Thesignificanceofhistoricspecimens.B．Theseverityof

globalclimatechange.C．Theeffectivenessofreal-timemeasurements.D．Thenecessityofsealevelreconstruction.3．How

didthescientistscarryoutthenewstudy?A．Bycomparingdifferentkindsofseaweed.B．Byanalyzinghistoricandcurrentdata.C．Byrecordingtheupwellingprocess

.D．BymeasuringtheCO2levels.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheRiseandFallofRedSeaweedGelidiumB．SardinesHaveBeenHardHitbyO

verfishingC．TheHiddenHistoryofFisheriesintheWestCoastD．OldSeaweedRevealsSecretofMontereySardineHistory【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．D【解析】本文是一篇

说明文，介绍了美国加州蒙特利湾的沙丁鱼数量变化这一现象的原因和测量方法。1.词句猜测题。第一段前半部分关键句“CenteredonMontereyBay,catchesincreaseddramatic

allyandsupportedthestate’seconomy.”（以蒙特利湾为中心，捕鱼量大幅增加，支撑了该州的经济。）提到加州蒙特利湾的沙丁鱼捕获量大幅增加，支撑了该州的经济，紧接着用But一词转折，“Butthesituationbegant

ochangein1946,andsardinecatcheseventuallyfellfromanaverageof234,000tonstojust24,000tons.”（但这种情况在1946年开始改变，沙丁鱼的捕获量最终从平均23

.4万吨下降到只有2.4万吨。）指出沙丁鱼的数量锐减。由此可知，该行业遭受重创。belly-up中的belly意为“肚子”，描绘出“鱼肚皮朝天（即死亡）”的情形，常用gobelly-up表示“破产、倒闭、失败”，与Crashed近义。故选

C项。2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段关键句““Plantsarejustsittingthere,recordingdataaboutthestateoftheocean,”saysKyleVanHoutan,chiefscienti

stattheMontereyBayAquariumandseniorauthorofthenewstudy.”（蒙特利湾水族馆的首席科学家、这项新研究的资深作者KyleVanHoutan说:“植物只是坐在那里，记录着

海洋状态的数据。”）及“Historicseaweedspecimens,VanHoutanrealized,mightfillintheblanksforearlieryears—similartothewayicecorescanhelpreconstructCO2levelsfromtime

sbeforeresearchersstartedcollectingreal-timemeasurements.”（VanHoutan意识到，历史上的海藻标本可能会填补早期的空白——类似于研究人员开始收集实时测量数据之前，冰芯可以帮助重建二氧化碳水平。）可知，提

到冰芯是为了说明历史标本对科学研究的重要意义。故选A项。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“Lookingatmodernupwellingdataandrecentlycollectedseaweed,theyfou

ndthathigherlevelsofthisnitrogenintheplants’cellscorrespondedwithperiodsofmoreupwelling.Nexttheymeasuredtheisotopelevels

in70historicspecimensoftheredseaweedGelidium,gatheredfromMontereyasfarbackas1878.”（通过研究现代上升流的数据和最近收集的海藻，他们发现，植物细胞中氮的水平越高，上升流的周期就越长。接下来，他们测

量了70种具有历史意义的红海藻石蒜标本的同位素水平，这些标本早在1878年就从蒙特利采集到了。）可知，科学家是通过分析新旧资料而开展这项研究的。故选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段关键句“CenteredonMontereyBay,ca

tchesincreaseddramaticallyandsupportedthestate’seconomy.Butthesituationbegantochangein1946,andsardinecatcheseventuall

yfellfromanaverageof234,000tonstojust24,000tons.”（以蒙特利湾为中心，捕鱼量大幅增加，支撑了该州的经济。但这种情况在1946年开始改变，沙丁鱼的捕获量最终从平均23.4万吨下降到只有2.

4万吨。）提到沙丁鱼数量剧增和骤减这一现象及文章第二段关键句“ThekeythatunlockedthisphenomenonturnedouttobeoldseaweedspecimensgatheredaroundtheU.S.”（解开这一现象的关键是收集在

美国周围的旧海藻标本。）并结合全文内容可知，文章围绕利用海藻标本揭秘蒙特利湾的沙丁鱼数量变化展开，D项内容“OldSeaweedRevealsSecretofMontereySardineHistory”（老海藻揭示蒙特利沙丁鱼历史的秘密）概括了文章主旨，为最佳标题。故选D项。6.【四川省

成都市石室中学2021-2022学年高三上学期专家联测卷（一）】Inautumnof1975,twomothersinLyme,Connecticut,weredesperateforanswerstheirdoctorscouldnotprovide.Theirf

amiliesandothersintheLymeareaweresufferingfromamysteriousillness.TwodoctorsfromYale,AllanSteereandStephe

nMalawista,begananinvestigationthatwouldresultinagroundbreakingmedicaldiscovery.Thedoctorsbeganbyconductingindivi

dualexaminationsofeachpatient.Theyfoundpatientsofallagesweresufferingfromasetofsymptomsrarelyobservedtogether.Bloodsamplesrevealednovirusthatoffe

redaclueaboutthecause.However,theyfoundfruitfulinformationintheirinterviewswithpatients:onequarterofthemrecalledaskinra

sh(皮疹)withabull's-eyepatternaboutfourweeksbeforeothersymptomsarose.Armedwiththisnewclue,theDepartmentofHealthworkedwiththeYa

ledoctors,conductingsurveystolearnwherethediseasewasmostwidelyseen.Itseemedthatthemajorityofpatientslivedinheavilywoodedareas,whospenta

gooddealoftimeoutdoors,gardening,landscaping,orplaying.Thesymptomswerenearlyalwaysexperiencedforthefirsttimeduringsummer.Cru

cially,somerecalledhavingbeenbittenbyatick(蜱,壁虱),whichfeedsmostlyonthebloodofmammalsandbirds.By1977,investigatorsconfirmedthatthedeertickwasresponsib

le.In1982,ascientistnamedWillyBurgdorferdiscoveredaspecifictypeofbacteria,carriedbythedeertick,whichwascausingthedisease.Sc

ientistsconcludedthatthebacteriapassedfromwildlifetotickstohumans.Alllivedcloselyamongoneanotherinthearea

.Howcouldadiseasefromacommonparasite(寄生虫)springupsosuddenly?Manyareasofthenortheast,includingLyme,wereoncefarmland.Gradually,thefarmlandwasreplante

dwithtrees,thenneighborhoodspusheddeeperintothehabitatofdeerticksand,moreimportantly,thewildlifetheyfedupon.

Ashumansencounteredmoreticks,theybecamemorelikelytocontractthedisease.OneoftheremainingmysteriesaboutLymedis

easeiswhereandwhenittrulybegan.Thispuzzlemayneverbesolved.Today,Lymedisease—ifcaughtearly—iseasilytreate

dwithantibiotics,thankstothehardworkofmanyscientists,doctors,andpatients.1．WhichofthefollowingmethodhelpedDr.SteereandDr.Malawistamost?

A．Carryingoutafieldsurvey.B．Conductingpatientinterviews.C．Offeringpatients'bloodsamples.D．Separatingpatientsintoageg

roups.2．Fromthepassage，wecanconcludethat______________.A．patients'memoryoftickbiteswasvitaltothemedicaldiscoveryB．Lymediseasespreadbecause

deerticksandhumansbothfedondeerC．onequarterofthepatientsgotaskinrashaftersomesymptomshadaroseD．Lymediseaseislesscommonnowbecausep

eoplespendlesstimeoutdoors3．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordphrase“springup"inParagraph5probablymean?A．Worsen.B

．Return.C．Appear.D．Decrease.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AScientificStudyB．AMedicalMysteryC．AnEffectiveTreatmentD．AnUnsolvedPuzzle【答案】1

．B2．A3．C4．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病——莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However,theyfoundfruitfulinformationintheiri

nterviewswithpatients:onequarterofthemrecalledaskinrash(皮疹)withabull's-eyepatternaboutfourweeksbeforeot

hersymptomsarose.（然而，他们在病人的采访中发现了大量有效的信息：四分之一的人回忆起一种牛眼形状的皮疹，大约在其他症状出现的四周之前）”可知，采访病人这种方法对Dr.Steere和Dr.M

alawista的研究起到了极大的帮助。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially,somerecalledhavingbeenbittenbyatick(蜱),whichfeedsmostlyonthebloodofmammalsandbirds.（重要的是，

一些人回忆起了被蜱咬过，这种蜱多数以哺乳动物和鸟类的血液为食）”可知，病人回忆起被蜱咬过这件事对医学发现非常重要。故选A。3．词句猜测题。根据第五段内容及关键句“Ashumansencounteredmoreticks,theybecamemorelikelytocont

ractthedisease.（随着人们遇到更多的蜱，他们变得更有可能感染这种疾病）”可知，第五段在解释这种疾病是如何出现的。推测划线词所在句子意为：一种来自普通寄生虫的疾病是怎样突然出现的呢?因此推测springup意为“突然出现”。appear意为“出现

”。故选C。4．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病——莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。根据第一段的关键词“mysteriousillness”和最后一段的关键词“theremainingmyst

eriesaboutLymedisease”可知，本文最合适的标题是“一个医学之谜”。故选B。7.【安徽省淮北市2022届高三第一次模拟考试】Frustratedbyanincreaseinwildboar(野猪)attacks,offi

cialsinHongKongusedbreadtoattractandtrapsomeoftheanimalsinadistrictclosetothecity,Pressreported.Wildboarscanbeseen

frequentlyalongHongKong’shikingtrails.Peopleoftenrefusetoobeyordersfromauthoritiestostopfeedingthembecausetheycangatherinlargegroupsand

passalongdiseases.Attacksbywildboarshavealsobecomeanincreasinglycommonissue.Inanattacklastweek,awildb

oarknockeddownapoliceofficerandbithisleglastweekbeforetheanimalfellfromaresidentialcarparkanddied.Governmentdataindicatesthatt

hereareroughly3,000wildboarsinHongKong.Theyarenotaprotectedspecies.ThoughHongKongauthoritieshaveattemptedtonatu

rallycutdowntheboarpopulation,theAgriculture,FisheriesandConservationDepartmentsaidit“couldnoteffectivelycontrolthewildpigdisturban

ce.”“Alargegroupofwildpigscontinuedtowanderandgatheratthesite,posingthreatstomembersofthepublicandroadusers,”astatementfromthedepartmentread.S

incetheattackonthepoliceofficer,HongKongChiefExecutiveCarrieLamhascautionedthatthecitycouldimposemoreseverepunishmentagain

stpeoplewhocontinuetofeedtheboars.“IunderstandthatalotofHongKongpeoplelovethewetlandsandnature.However,wealsoneedtoprotectpublicsafety.Wecan’

tsimplysitonourhandswhilethingsworsen,”sheadded.PhilanthropicgroupADMCapitalFoundation,theHongKongVe

terinaryAssociationandotheranimalrightsorganizationshavesincesentanopenlettertothegovernmentcriticizingits

shiftinpolicytokilltheboars.ArequestbygroupsincludingHongKongAnimalPostandHongKongWildBoarConcernGroupsaidthatthemeasuresannounc

edbytheagriculturedepartmenttoregularlycaptureandputdownwildboars“ignoretheirrighttolive.Thisapproachis

extremelyunreasonableandcontradictspreviousanimalmanagementpolicyprinciples.”HongKongneedslegislativereformtodealwiththecurrentgapsinexistinglaws

,sothatwildlifefeedingisanillegalactivity,punishmentissevereandcanbeenforcedeffectively.1．WhatdoyouknowaboutthewildboarsinHongKong?A．Theydonothu

rthumanbeingsunlesstheyareattacked.B．Theyareendangeredspecieswithaverysmallpopulation.C．Ifgatheringingroupsitis

easyforthemtospreaddiseases.D．Theyareseenfrequentlyclosetothecity’sfinancialcenter.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“sitonourh

ands”meaninparagraph3?A．Keepcautious.B．Seebeforeacting.C．Takeimmediateactions.D．Lookonindifferently.3．Whatistheattitud

eofsomeanimalrightsorganizationstowardskillingtheboars?A．Neutral.B．WorriedC．Favorable.D．Disapproval.4．Whatmaybethemostrea

sonablemeasuretotakebasedonthewholetext?A．Makingseverelawstobanwildlifefeeding.B．Naturallycuttingdownthebo

arpopulation.C．Regularlycapturingandputtingdownwildboars.D．Callingoncitizenstokeepdistancefromwildboars.【答案】1

．C2．D3．D4．A【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要以“香港入侵城市的野猪”为话题展开了讨论，人们对野猪的投喂致使野猪来到城市寻找食物，并对人类产生了攻击性行为，文章对整治野猪的措施和各方态度进行了陈述。1

．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“becausetheycangatherinlargegroupsandpassalongdiseases.(因为它们会成群聚集，传播疾病)”可知，野猪会成群聚集，传播疾病。故选C项。2

．词义猜测题。分析语境可知，划线单词所在的这句话“Wecan’tsimplysitonourhandswhilethingsworsen.”应是对前文“However,wealsoneedtoprotectpublicsafety.(然而，我们也需

要保护公共安全。)”的进一步解释，承接前文提及“要保护公众的安全”，划线句应是表明“要采取保护行动”，即“不能坐视不理”，对野猪伤人行为要采取行动。由此可推知，“sitonourhands”应是“坐视不理；无动于衷”含义，与D项“Lookoni

ndifferently.(袖手旁观)”表达含义一致。故选D项。3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容“otheranimalrightsorganizationshavesincesentanopenlettertothegovernmentcriticizingitss

hiftinpolicytokilltheboars(其他动物权利组织已经给政府发了一封公开信，批评其杀死野猪的政策转变)”以及在该段中这些动物保护组织评价政府行为“…ignorestheirrighttoliveandconsiders.Thisapproachisextremelyun

reasonable.(……忽视它们生存和思考的权利。这种做法是极不合理的)”可推知，他们不仅仅是担忧而是立场鲜明地坚决反对杀死野猪。故选D项。4．推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“HongKongneedslegislativereformtodealwiththecurrentgapsi

nexistinglaws,sothatwildlifefeedingisanillegalactivity,punishmentissevereandcanbeenforcedeffectively.(香港需要立法改革，以解决现

有法律的不足，使野生动物喂食成为一种非法活动，惩罚严厉，并能有效执行。)”可知，对于“喂食野生动物”行为进行严惩才能避免人们因为投喂野生动物而导致的自身受伤或被攻击。因此，选项A“Makingseverelawstobanwildlifefeeding.(制定严厉的法律禁止野

生动物喂食。)”使可采取的最合理的措施。故选A项。8.【四川省泸州市2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次教学质量诊断性】Ifyou'resomeonewholooksinthemirroreverydayandconcentratesonlyonanylittleflaws(瑕疵),you

'renotalone.Formanypeople,strugglingwithbodyimageissuesisacontinuousbattle.Howhostiletheworldistounattra

ctivegirlsbecameatrendingtopiconSinaWeiboinMarch.Thetopicresonatedwithmanygirlswhosharedtheirpersonalexperiences.Oneinternetusertalked

abouthowherfriendswouldoftencutherimageoutofgrouppicturesbecausetheythoughtshewastoofat.“Mynoseisnothi

ghenough,mychinisshortandflat,andmyeyesaresmall,”TangYuqi,acollegestudent,toldChinaYouthDaily.Shedoesn'tevenanswerthedoorwith

outputtingonmakeupfirst.“Ijustcan'tacceptmyselfifI'mnotwearingit,”Tangadded.Whatpromotesthisanxietyamongyoungpeople?Asthecountry'

seconomyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplearemorelikelytobeaffectedbywhatothersthinkofthem.Greatertimespentonlinealsomeansgr

eaterexposuretoadvertisementspromoting“paper-thinwaist”or“chopsticklegs”.Suchunrealisticidealsonlyfurthe

ryoungpeople'sanxietyandleadtoanunhealthymindsetofperfectionism.Theanxietyoverappearanceandshapehaspushedsomepeopleintophysicalandmentalillness.Accor

dingtoBeat,theUK'sleadingeatingdisordercharity,theidealizationofthinnessisakeyfactorinworseningtheillnessandp

reventingrecovery.Somepeopleevengothroughsurgeryjusttoachievewhattheybelievesocietyconsiders"beautiful".Butb

eautydoesn'tcomefromamakeupbrushorathinnerwaist.Growingtallerandhavingperfectskinisn'tthesolutiontoinsecurity.Thefactthate

verypersonisdifferentissomethingtobecelebrated.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“resonatedwith"inParagraph2probablymean?A．Hurt.B．Shocked.C．Wasunders

toodby.D．Waschangedby.2．What'sthemaincauseofyoungpeople'sanxietyaccordingtothetext?A．Beautycontests.B．Unrealisticperfection

ism.C．Economicdevelopmentplans.D．Healthproductadvertisements.3．WhatdosomepeopleseemtodesiremostaccordingtoBeat?A．Thinness.B．Health.C．Plasticsurgery.

D．Socialopinions.4．Whatdoestheauthorthinktherealbeautyisbasedon?A．Growingupsafely.B．Acceptingadifference.C．Alightmakeup.D．Aperfectappearan

ce.【答案】1．C2．B3．A4．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今的年轻人普遍存在外貌焦虑的社会现象，导致这一问题的主要原因是不切实际的完美主义。对外表和外形的焦虑使一些人患上了身体和精神疾病

。1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“manygirlswhosharedtheirpersonalexperiences.Oneinternetusertalkedabouthowherfriendswouldoftencutherimageoutofgrouppicturesbeca

usetheythoughtshewastoofat.”可知，一位网友说，她的朋友们经常把她的照片从团体照片中剪掉，因为他们认为她太胖了，可见这个话题能够被许多女孩所理解，所以她们分享了自己的个人经历。故画线词意思是“被理解”。A.Hurt.伤害；B.Shocked.使震惊；C.Wasunde

rstoodby.被理解；D.Waschangedby.被改变。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Asthecountry'seconomyhasdevelopedrapidly,peoplearemorelikelytobeaffectedbywhatot

hersthinkofthem.Greatertimespentonlinealsomeansgreaterexposuretoadvertisementspromoting“paper-thinwaist”or“chopsticklegs”.Suchunrealisticideals

onlyfurtheryoungpeople'sanxietyandleadtoanunhealthymindsetofperfectionism.(随着国家经济的快速发展，人们更容易被别人对自己的看法所影响。花在网上的时间越多，也就意味着更多地接触到

宣传“A4纸腰”或“筷子腿”的广告。这种不切实际的理想只会加剧年轻人的焦虑，导致不健康的完美主义心态)”可知，年轻人焦虑的主要原因是不切实际的完美主义。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Theanxietyoverappearanceandshapehasp

ushedsomepeopleintophysicalandmentalillness.AccordingtoBeat,theUK'sleadingeatingdisordercharity,theidealizationofthinnessisakeyfactorinworseni

ngtheillnessandpreventingrecovery.(对外表和外形的焦虑使一些人患上了身体和精神疾病。英国领先的饮食失调慈善机构Beat表示，将瘦身材理想化是恶化疾病、阻止康复的关键因素)”可知，Beat认为，有些人最渴望瘦。故选A。4．细节理解题。根据

最后一段“Butbeautydoesn'tcomefromamakeupbrushorathinnerwaist.Growingtallerandhavingperfectskinisn'tthesolutiontoinsecurity.The

factthateverypersonisdifferentissomethingtobecelebrated.(但美并不来自于化妆刷或苗条的腰身。长高和拥有完美的皮肤并不是解决不安全感的办法。每个人都是不同的，这是值得庆祝的)”

可知，作者认为真正的美是基于接受差异。故选B。9.【2022届江西省重点中学盟校高三下学期第一次联考】OnFridayJanuary14,2022,blastwasheard2,000kmawayinNewZealandand3,300kmawayinAustralia.Boat

scrashedintoaquietharborinSouthernCalifornia,aremoteislandwasbatteredinJapanby4footwavesandtwowomenwereswepttotheirde

athsonabeachinPerusome6,000milesfromanunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheg

lobe.ButonSunday,asreportsofthevolcano’seffectcrowdedinfromfar-flungcountries,therewaslittlewordfromTonga,theislandnationjust40mil

esfromthesiteoftheextraordinaryexplosion.Asconcernsfromallovertheworldgrew,thenationofabout100,000peopleremain

edlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld,itsunderseainternetcablesknockedoutofcommissionbythevolcano.InTongaonSunday,manyreside

ntslostnotonlycommunicationchannelsbutelectricpower.Upto80,000peopletherecouldbeaffected,theInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCr

escentSocietiestoldtheBBC．NewZealandandothernationsintheregionpledgedtogiveTongaaidtorecover.Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneas

hmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021,itwasdifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.Ar

dern,theNewZealandprimeminister,saidflightsoverTongawereplannedforMondayorTuesday,dependingonashconditions.Tongahasexperiencedasuccessionof

naturaldisastersinrecentyears.In2018,morethan170homesweredestroyedandtwopeoplekilledbyCycloneGita,aCategory5tropicalstorm.In2020,CycloneHaroldc

ausedabout$111millionindamage.5．Whichcountrywasn’taffectedbyTangaunderseavolcaniceruptions?A．AmericaB．JapanC．PeruD．

Iceland6．Howmuchareaoftheseawaterdidthevolcanostir?A．20%B．30%C．50%D．70%7．Whichphrasecanreplacetheunderlinedwords“outofcommission”?A．outofactio

nB．outofrangeC．outofexistenceD．outofaccount8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．TheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021madenearbyflightsdelayed.B．NewZeala

ndaswellasothernationsintheregiongaveTongaaidtimely.C．FlightscouldreachTongatwodaysaftertheeruption.D．Theunderseavolcaniceruptio

ncausedsevererdamagetoTongathaneverbefore.【答案】5．D6．C7．A8．A【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Boatscr

ashedintoaquietharborinSouthernCalifornia,aremoteislandwasbatteredinJapanby4footwavesandtwowomenwereswepttotheirdeathsonabeachinPerusome6,00

0milesfromanunderseavolcaniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe.(船只撞上了南加州一个安静

的港口，日本一个偏远岛屿被4英尺高的海浪袭击，两名妇女在距离海底火山爆发约6000英里的秘鲁海滩上丧生，火山爆发的威力如此之大，引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水。)”可知，美国，日本和秘鲁都受到了汤加海底火山爆发的影响，冰岛没有，故选D。6．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“anunderseavol

caniceruptionsopowerfulthatthetsunamiwhichitsetoffstirredoceanwatershalfwayacrosstheglobe(一次强大的海底火山爆发

引发的海啸搅动了半个地球的海水)”可知，火山搅动了50%的海水，故选C。7．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“thenationofabout100,000peopleremainedlargelycutofffromtherestoftheworld

(这个约10万人口的国家仍然与世界其他地区基本隔绝)”可知，这个国家与世界其他地区基本隔绝了，所以其海底互联网电缆因火山爆发而中断，因此划线的短语意思是“不能使用的”，是outofaction，故选A。8

．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Butwithheavyconcentrationsofairborneashmakingflightsimpossible,justliketheIcelandvolcanoeruptionin2021,itwasd

ifficulteventoknowwhatwasneeded.(但就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，由于空气中的火山灰浓度过高，飞行变得不可能，甚至很难知道需要什么。)”可推断出，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致附近航班延误。故选A。10.【江苏省苏州市2021-2022学年高三上学期学业

质量阳光指标调研】Theremainsofagoldmaskareamongahugequantityof3,000-year-oldartifacts(文物)foundatanarchaeological

(考古的)siteinChina’sSichuanprovince.Weighingabout280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,theceremonialmaskisoneofover500itemsunearthedfromsix

newlydiscovered“sacrificialpits”(祭祀坑),accordingtothecountry’sNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration.ThefindsweremadeatSanxingdui

,a4.6-square-mileareaoutsidetheprovincialcapitalofChengdu.Someexpertssaytheitemsmayshinefurtherlighton

theancientShustate,akingdomthatruledinthewesternSichuanbasinbefore316BC．Inadditiontothegoldmask,archaeologistsuncoveredbronzes(青铜器)an

dartifactsmadefromothermaterialssuchasbone.Thesixpitsalsocontainedanas-yet-unopenedwoodenboxandabronzecontainerwithowl-shapedpatterning.Morethan50

,000ancientartifactshavebeenfoundatSanxingduisincethe1920s,whenalocalfarmeraccidentallycameuponsomeremainsatthesite.Amajorbreakth

roughoccurredin1986,withthediscoveryoftwoceremonialpitscontainingover1,000items,includingdelicateandwell-preservedbronzemasks.Discoveriesmad

eatthesitedatebacktothe12thand11thcenturiesBC．Sanxingduihascompletelyrevolutionizedexperts’understandingofhowcivilizationdevelopedinancientChina.In

particular,evidenceofauniqueShuculturesuggeststhatthekingdomdevelopedindependentlyofneighboringsocietiesintheYellowRiverValley,w

hichwastraditionallyconsideredtobethebirthplaceofChinesecivilization.ThoughnotyetrecognizedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageS

ite,Sanxingduiisontheorganization’slistforpossiblefutureinclusion.AlongwithotherShuarchaeologicalsites,itiscr

editedbytheUNagencyas“anoutstandingrepresentativeoftheBronzeAgeCivilizationofChina,EastAsiaandeventheworld.”9．Whatdoestheunderlinedp

hrase“shinefurtherlighton”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Makegreaterprogressin.B．Haveadeeperinfluenceon.C．Providemoreinformationabout.D．Engagemoreatt

entionto.10．WhyisthediscoveryofSanxingduisounique?A．Itchangesexperts’understandingofhowChinesecivilizationdevelope

d.B．ItconfirmsthattheShuKingdomdevelopedintheYellowRiverValley.C．ItimpliesthattheYellowRiverValleyisthebirthplaceofChinesecivilizatio

n.D．ItshowsSanxingduisymbolizesafundamentalchangeinChinesesociety.11．Whatdoesparagraph5mainlydealwit

h?A．Sanxingdui’shistoryofdiscovery.B．Theworld’srecognitionofSanxingdui.C．ThedifficultyindiscoveringSanxingdui.D．ThepreservationofSanxingdui’

sremains.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SanxingduiAccidentallyDiscoveredbyaLocalFarmerB．3,000-year-oldGoldMaskUnco

veredinSouthwestChinaC．OutstandingRepresentativesoftheBronzeAgeKingdomD．NewAdditiontotheListofUNESCOWorldHeritageSites【答案】9．C10．A11．A

12．B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了三星堆遗址出土了具有3000多年历史的黄金面具和其它文物。9．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Someexpertssaytheitemsmayshinefurtherlightontheanci

entShustate,akingdomthatruledinthewesternSichuanbasinbefore316BC.”（一些专家表示，这些物品可能会shinefurtherlighton古蜀国，公元前316年

前，古蜀国曾统治四川盆地西部。），第四段“Inadditiontothegoldmask,archaeologistsuncoveredbronzes(青铜器)andartifactsmadefromothermaterialssucha

sbone.Thesixpitsalsocontainedanas-yet-unopenedwoodenboxandabronzecontainerwithowl-shapedpatterning.”（除了金面具，考古学家还

发现了青铜器和骨头等其他材料制成的文物。六个坑里还有一个尚未打开的木箱和一个刻有猫头鹰形状图案的青铜容器。）和倒数第二段“Sanxingduihascompletelyrevolutionizedexperts’understandingofhowciv

ilizationdevelopedinancientChina.”（三星堆彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。）可知，这次出土了大量文物，彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解，由此可知，专家们认为这些文物能提供更多关于古蜀国的

信息。即划线部分意为“提供更多信息”。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Sanxingduihascompletelyrevolutionizedexperts’understandingofhowcivilizationdevelopedinancient

China.Inparticular,evidenceofauniqueShuculturesuggeststhatthekingdomdevelopedindependentlyofneighboringsocieties

intheYellowRiverValley,whichwastraditionallyconsideredtobethebirthplaceofChinesecivilization.”（三星堆彻底

改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。特别是，独特的蜀文化的证据表明，王国独立于黄河流域的周边社会发展，而黄河流域传统上被认为是中华文明的发源地。）可知，三星堆发现的独特之处是因为它彻底改变了专家们对中国古代文明发展的理解。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据第五段的主要内容，尤其第一句“M

orethan50,000ancientartifactshavebeenfoundatSanxingduisincethe1920s,whenalocalfarmeraccidentallycameuponsomeremainsatthes

ite.”（自20世纪20年代以来，三星堆发现了5万多件古代文物，那时当地一位农民意外地在遗址上发现了一些遗骸。）可知，本段主要介绍了三星堆的发现史。故选A。12．主旨大意题。根据文章结构可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章第一段是导语，即文章的主题。根据第一段“Therema

insofagoldmaskareamongahugequantityof3,000-year-oldartifacts(文物)foundatanarchaeological(考古的)siteinChina’sSichuanprovince.”

（在中国四川省的一处考古遗址中发现了大量3000年前的文物，其中包括一个金面具的遗骸）可知，本文主要介绍了一个具有3000多年历史的黄金面具在位于中国西南的广汉三星堆遗址被发掘。故“中国西南出土3000年前的黄金面具”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。获得更多资源请扫码加

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