【文档说明】北京市朝阳区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中质量检测 英语.docx，共(11)页，44.871 KB，由管理员店铺上传

转载请保留链接：https://www.doc5u.com/view-8fbc1514a0a55b2036e6596933da5549.html

以下为本文档部分文字说明：

北京市朝阳区2023~2024学年度第一学期期中质量检测高三英语（考试时间90分钟满分100分）本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共

15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson’ssoccerteam.Everyoneinthe

teamhadtrainedveryhardforitandthusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson’st

eaminthe___1___.Parentsencircledthefield,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinf

rontofmyson’steammate,MickeyO’Donnell.Withshoutsof“___2___it!”acrossthefield,Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.Allroundmethecrowder

upted.Hehad___3___!However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameina

draw.Foramomenttherewastotal___5___.Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.Yousee,MickeyhasDown’ssyndrome,aconditioni

nwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad___6___beenknowntohugtheopposingplayerswhenthe

ywonapoint.Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,“Imadeit!Imadeit!Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwo

uld___7___.Ineednothaveworried.Iwatched,throughtears,myson___8___hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMi

ckey!WaytogoMickey!”WithinmomentsbothteamssurroundedMickey,joiningmysonto___9___himonhisgoal.Laterthatn

ight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadwon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwasa_____10_____.Everybodywon.”1.A.wayB.positionC.leadD.back2.A.LeaveB.PickC.Th

rowD.Kick3.A.missedB.scoredC.performedD.slipped4.A.clearB.wrongC.specificD.decisive5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisperD.laughter6.A.ratherB.

hardlyC.almostD.even7.A.admitB.reactC.guessD.defend8.A.drewbackB.putdownC.lookedatD.threwup9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consultD.instruct10A.relie

fB.keyC.tieD.pity第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Inmyearlyyearsatsc

hool,Ihadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan“F”andthatwouldmakeme____11____(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe“F”intoa“B

”____12____(please)myparents.However,itdidn’tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.ThenIknewIhadtoacceptthat

failureandlearnfromit,soI____13____(take)apositiveapproach.Naturallythat“F”turnedintoa“B”andthat“B”t

urnedintoan“A”.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Gatheracoupleoffriendsandtakealeisu

relywalkthroughthestreets—thisis____14____manyyoungstersenjoydoingwhentheyvisitanewcity.Tothem,citywalkmeanswanderingaroundthec

ityonfoot.Participantscanfollowadistinctiveurbanroute,___15___(explore)thecityattheirownpace.Comparedwit

hfamous____16____(spot)andbigcrowds,theyprefertogainamoreinclusiveexperienceoftheplacestheyvisit.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.____17____weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwithitspaceofdeve

lopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,____18____thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullycomingin

tobeing.Anautonomouscar,also____19____(know)asaself-drivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itisate

chnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,____20____(find)itswaywithouthumaninter

vention.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAhearingaidisa

smallelectronicdeviceyouwearinorbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophon

e,anamplifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthemto

anamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.Therearethreestylesofhearingaid

s.·Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini”BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintothee

arcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnotsound“pluggedup”.·In-the-ear(IT

E)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveaddedfeatures,suchasatelecoilthatallowsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryoft

hehearingaid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.•Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)a

idsaremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehiddenintheearcanal.Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhe

aringneedsandlifestyle.Priceisalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananotherdoesnotne

cessarilymeanthatitwillbettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderincludepartsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,e

stimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaidcompany’sreputationforqualityandservice.Formoreinformation,cont

act:nidcdinfo@nidcd.nih.gov.21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.C.Thespeaker.

D.Thetelecoil.22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose______.A.“Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaidsC.In-the-canalaidsD

.Completely-in-canalaids23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.A.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewithmor

efeaturesC.giveintotheafter-saleservicesD.consideryourneedsandlifestyleBBrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessma

nwasoftenshoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguyonhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke

.Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook’scompassionate(有同情心的)message,Petersonmadeanun

expecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He’dmovedtoCaliforniatopursueacar

eerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.“Itwasthestrangestthingtome”Petersonrecalled.“Isawbeautyonthefaceofa

manwhohadn’tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme.”AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn’tpaint

edinabouteightyears,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris’sportrait(肖像).Farissaidyes.ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-p

rofitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,puttingthei

ncomeintowhathecallsa“loveaccount”forhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoneytogetbackontheirfeet.ManyofPeterson’

snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureimmediatenecessities—medicalcare,hotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittore

cordanalbum(专辑),realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinanciallysupportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopa

yherdaughter’srent.SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestablished,Petersonhaspainted41ofalltheportraits.Butthere’smoretothefinishedproductstha

nthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho’sdownandout.He’sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersonin

thepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped(持固有观念)

oroverlooked.“Peopleoftentellme,‘Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.ButIseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,’”Petersons

ays.“Ididn’tknowthatwouldhappen.”24.HowdidPetersonfeelaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concern

ed.D.Confused.25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto______.A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbumC.gotoanartschoolD.pa

inthisportrait26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.C.Hed

onatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Prej

udiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.,C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C“WhenIs

toppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommendvisitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankst

ares.Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity’sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,”saysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowi

ngfieldoftenreferredtoas“sensoryurbanism”.Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-

visualinformationdefinesthecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsoundwalkstodatacollecting,wearables(clot

hingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology),andvirtualreality,they’refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualp

referenceinurbanplanning.“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotallydifferentfeelingaboutaplace,”saysOguzÖner,anacademica

ndmusician.HehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththei

reyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedto

realizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyet,thiskindofind

ividualfeedback(反馈)aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensus

ingafreemobileapphavebeenincludedinthecity’slatestnoiseactionplan.Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubject

ofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviewstodevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesi

gninpublicspaces.Otherresearchersaregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariabilit

ytorevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.Asdatacollectionaboutpeople’ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyoftheseexpertswarnthatconcernsab

outprivacyandsurveillance(监视)needtobetakenintoaccount.Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiencesarefactor

edintoplanning.“Sensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshaped

culturallyandsocially,”saysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhe

reinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouthwerereplacedbytrendycafes.“Itusedtosmelllikefriedchicken,”shesays,butnewerresidentsfoundthatsmellannoyin

gratherthanwelcoming.“NowitsmellslikethepopularItaliancoffee,cappuccinos.”28.Theunderlinedphrase“blankstar

es”inParagraph1impliesthat______.A.MontrealislackinginvisualappealB.Montreal’snon-visualinformationisignoredC.

thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanismD.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manyme

thodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocati

ons.D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.30.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.People’sperceptionsoftheirsens

orysurroundingsaresubjective.B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharac

terofacity.D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.DInthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisga

rdener’ssoncowpox(牛痘)andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox(天花)totesthisassumptionthatpeoplewhowerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimil

arbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatchingsmallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine(疫苗)washighlyeffective.“Vaccination”,fromtheLatinwo

rdforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.Challengetrialsareformsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnaturalinfections,weintentionally

exposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessofavaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner’stime,ofcourse

,whenitwasnotuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there’sthecontinuoussensethatthere’ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpur

pose.Butthisshouldn’tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecomeincreasinglyimportantweaponsinthemed

icalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnologyisadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.Muchhasb

eendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus(RSV),researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofs

evereillness.Theseactshavealreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhavethefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,which

killstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.Butnotalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon’talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface

;wedon’talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?Wecould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,andrelyonothertypesofre

search.Butthatdoesn’talwayswork:sometimes,animaltestingistrickyanduninformative,becausethediseasedoesn‘tdevelopinthesamewayasitw

ouldinhumans.Incontrast,challengetrialscanbedeeplyinformativewithinweeks,withfarfewervolunteers.Andthebenefitscanbesurprising

lyhigh.Takethelatestpandemic.Attheendoflastyear,asthenumberofdeathsisestimatedtohavereachedabout17.8million,it’sal

soestimatedthat20millionhadbeensavedbyvaccines.Intheyearstocome,theywillhopefullysavemillionsmore.Inordertomakesureweareaspro

tectedaspossiblefromcurrentandfuturethreats,weshouldtrytogetridofthemisbeliefinchallengetrials,making

themamorefamiliarpartofourtoolkits.Perhapsthegreatestrewardofallwouldbetomakesureparticipants’effortsareworthwhile:bydesigningtr

ialstobefairandeffectiveandapplyingthemwhenandwheretheymightmakearealdifference.Inshort,byhelpingthemtosavethousands,ifnotmillion

soflives.31.TheauthortellsthestoryofEdwardJennermainlyto______.A.giveadefinitionofchallengetrialsB.introducet

hetopicofchallengetrialsC.highlighttheeffectivenessofhisvaccineD.explaintheoriginoftheword“vaccination”32.Whatcanweinferfromth

epassage?A.Theissuesbehindchallengetrialscanbesolved.B.Thedangersofchallengetrialsoutweighthebenefitstheybring.C.Challengetrialscanbenefitnumer

ouslivesinspiteoftheirrisks.D.Challengetrialscansetbackthedevelopmentofvaccinetechnologies.33Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Peoplesh

ouldstillbecarefulaboutchallengetrials.B.Amoreopenattitudeshouldbetakentowardschallengetrials.C.Challengetrialsguaranteeparticipantsprotectionaga

instthreats.D.Morevolunteersinvolvedcanimprovetheaccuracyofchallengetrials.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Shouldweusechallengetria

lstofindcures?B.Canchallengetrialsbeablocktomedicalprogress?C.Canchallengetrialsbetheendofinfectiousdiseases?.D.Shouldwere

placeanimaltestingwithchallengetrials?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为

多余选项。Manyofussetgoals,butsometimeswefailtoachievethem.Therearemanycauseswhywedon’tmanagetorealizeourgoals.____35____Thereisaway,though,

tohelpaddressthisproblem:setreminders.Peopleemployapsychologicalstrategycalledcognitive(认知的)offloading,whereweuseaphysicala

ctiontoreducedemandsonourbrain.Specifically,wemayoutsourceourintentionsfrombeingstoredinourbrainstoremindersoutsideou

rhead.____36____Understandingthebenefitsofcognitiveoffloadingcanimproveourabilitytorememberandfollowthroughwithourintentions.Thebigge

stbenefitissimplythatitimprovesmemoryperformance.Itincreasestheprobabilitythatwewillworktowardsthegoalsweneedtoreach.____37____“Themoreweo

ffloadunimportantinformation,suchasitemsonashoppinglist,themorewecanuseourbrainforthosemoresignificantcognitivetasks,suchascreativ

ity,”saidSamGilbert,professorattheUniversityCollegeLondon.____38____Stilltherearepotentialnegativepartsforit.Wearemorelikelytoforgetwhat

weoffloadedifwenolongeraccessourstorage,suchaswhenoursmartphonedies.Wealsotendtooffloadtheimportantthingswemostwanttoremembe

r.Inasurprisetestwheretheirreminderswerewipedclean,theparticipantsweremorelikelytoforgettheimportantitemsandrecallthe

unimportantones,thatis,themoreimportanttheintentionwewanttoremember,themorelikelywearetooffloadit—andtoforgetit.We’dbetterte

ndtocreatereminderswhenwethinkweneedthem,butnotnecessarilywhenwedoneedthem.____39____“Ifourunderstandingofourmemoryabilityiswro

ng,thissuggeststhatwewilleitheroveruseorunderusereminders,”Gilbertsaid.“Wecanlearnbynoticingthetimesthatwehavefo

rgottentodosomethingandcouldhaveusedreminderstohelp.”A.Cognitiveoffloadinghasnoticeablebenefits.B.Onecommonreas

onisthatwesimplyforgetthem.C.Besides,itcanfreeupourlimitedcognitiveresources.D.Agoodexamplecanbedocumentsonoursmartphonecalendar

s.E.Theprocessofcognitiveoffloadinghelpsusidentifyfalseinformation.F.Ourbeliefsabouthowgoodourmemoryisdirectlyinfluencewhetherweset

them.G.Otherexpertssayit’stoosoontounderstandhowcognitiveoffloadingaffectsourbrains.,第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第4

2题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Theword“motivation”comesfromtheLatintermmotivus,“amovingcause”.Itisdescribedastheforcet

hatdrivesustopursueagoal,includingthedesiretocontinuepursuingmeaning,purpose,andalifeworthliving.Itfuelscompetitionandboostssocialconnecti

on.Itsabsencecanleadtomentalillnessessuchasdepression.Peopleoftenhavemultiplemotivesforengaginginanyon

ebehaviour.Motivationmightbeextrinsic.Thatmeansapersonisinspiredbyoutsideforces—otherpeopleorrewards.Anythingp

romisedforcompletingthetaskorreceivedasaresultofcompletingthetaskareextrinsicmotivators.Extrinsicmotivationcanincreasemotivationintheshortterm,b

utovertimeitmaygraduallydecrease.Motivationcanalsobeintrinsic.Intrinsicmotivationcomespurelyfromwithin,withnoexpectedreward,deadline,orouts

idepressure.Forexample,peoplewhoareintrinsicallymotivatedtorundosobecausetheylovethefeelingofrunningit

self.Comparedtoextrinsicmotivation,intrinsicmotivationtendstopushpeoplemoreforcefully,andtheachievementsaremoresatisfying,sinceitisintegratedinto

identityandservesasacontinuoussourceofmotivation.TounderstandmotivationAbrahamMaslowintroducedtheconceptofhierarchyofneeds(需求层次)in1943.AccordingtoMa

slow,humansareintrinsicallymotivatedtomeetphysicalneeds,themostfundamentalonessuchasneedsforfood.Thentheygraduallysatisfyseverallevelsofneedsfromsafe

ty,tohigher-orderneedsforlove,belonging,andself-respect,andfinallymovetowardexpressingtheirfullpotential—self-actualization,thedesiretobecomethe

mostthatonecanbe.AlthoughthegeneralityofMaslow’stheoryhasbeenchallenged,manybelieveitrevealsfundamen

taltruthsabouthumanmotivation.Nomatterwheremotivationbegins,therearealwayswaystoincreaseit—whetherthatbeyourownmotivationorsomeoneelse

’s.Sometimesyoumightfeelcompletelyunmotivated—andthat’sOK.Inthatsituation,allowyourselftofeelthediscomfort,hearthenegati

veself-talk,andthentakeactionanyway.40.Whatismotivation?______________________________________________________________________41.Why

isintrinsicmotivationmorepowerful?______________________________________________________________________42.Please

decidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.▷AccordingtoMaslow,wearemotivatedbydi

fferentlevelsofneeds,startingatthelowestandthemostbasiclevel,knownasself-actualizationneeds._________________________

_____________________________________________43.Inwhatway(s)doyouthinkyoucangetmotivated?(Inabout40words)_____________

_________________________________________________________第二节(20分）44.假如你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校国际部交换生Jim正在策划一次“中

西文化交流”活动，作为好友，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：1.活动形式；2.活动内容。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________Yours,LiHua获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com