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考点5-主旨要义之文章大意--讲考点--胸有成竹【2022年文章大意考点归纳】考点题型文章大意阅读理解2022试卷类型设问考点2022年全国甲卷阅读C31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?文章大意20212021年3月天津

卷C篇56．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?文章大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?文章大意20202020年新课标ⅠI卷B篇27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

文章大意【2023年高考命题预测】文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有它的中心思想。预测在2023高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【主旨大意之文章大意考点指南】规律方法：如何概括文章大意?1、做概括文章大意题时，有效

的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。考例分析：B【2020·

全国新课标II】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmat

h-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywit

hpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingf

ordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpair

sduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofag

e.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,

”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudypl

ayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandg

irlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespat

iallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.24227．Whatisthetextmainlyabo

ut?A．Amathematicalmethod.B．Ascientificstudy.C．AwomanpsychologistD．Ateachingprogram.【答案】27．B【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过

程和结果。27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。C【2020·全国新

课标III】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBr

ightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesa

meroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor

.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNi

cktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shar

dtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssug

gestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfami

lyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.It

issaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalho

useholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyroote

d.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.31831.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Li

festylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.Arisingtrendofliv

ingintheUK.【答案】31.D【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。31

.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，

由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。【试题精练】1.D【江西省八校2021-2022学年高三

第一次联考】Whetherit'stheslowdriftingapartfromachildhoodfriend,thesudden,sharpdistancecreatedbyadisagreement,oroneofth

emanyrelationshipsthathavequietlyfallenawayduringthepandemic,losingsomeonethatyouthoughtwouldalwaysbeinyourlifeisdeeplyjarring

.Butfriendshipbreakupswillhappenoverthecourseofourlives,andweneedtostartlearninghowtodealwiththeminhealthyways,

saysfriendshipcoachDanielleBayardJackson.Themostsignificantthingweneedtodo,saysJackson,isnormalizethefactthatsometimesfriendshipsdoendandthatc

anactuallybehealthy.However,wehaven'tbeentaughttocarrythisexpectationintoourfriendrelationships.“We’reno

tlookingatourfriendsthroughalens(透镜)of‘Gosh,Ihopethisworksout’,butwe’lldothatwitharomanticpartnerfor

sure,”saysJackson.“Withapartner,wewonderifthey'regoingtobetheone.Butwithfriends,weassumethey'retheonef

romtheminuteweestablishthatwelikeeachother.”Andbecausewedon'tviewthelossofafriendshipasanormaloccurrence,itfeelslikeaperso

nalfailingwhenithappensandsomethingweshouldbeashamedof.Or,asJacksonputsit,“Iffriendshipissupposedtobeeasyandyo

ursended,whatdidyoudowrong?”Butthatisn'tthecase.Friendships,likeanyrelationship,sometimesaren'tmeanttobea

ndeveniftheyare,maintainingthemtakesrealwork.KristenNewtonhasbeeninterestedinthisworkforyearsandfoundedHEARTConvos,whichaim

stohelppeoplewhofeelstuckinunsatisfyingfriendshipshavethekindofopenandhonestcommunicationthatkeepsafriendshiphealthy.“Ithinkwefeelblindsidedbec

ausewebelittlethevalueandsignificanceofoursocialconnectionsandfriendship.Yetwerecognizetheweightthattheycarrywhenthey

don'tworkout,andweexperiencethathurtanddisappointment,”shesays.12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtoregainafriendshipthathasended.B．Thelossofafriendshi

pisanormaloccurrence.C．Whyfriendshipbreaksupoverthecourseofourlives.D．Manyrelationshipshavefallenawayduringthepandemic.【答案】12．B【解析】本文是议论文

。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whetherit'stheslowdriftingapartfromachildhoodfriend,thesudden,sharpdistancecreatedb

yadisagreement,oroneofthemanyrelationshipsthathavequietlyfallenawayduringthepandemic,losingsomeonethatyouthoughtwouldalwaysbeiny

ourlifeisdeeplyjarring.(不管是否是童年朋友的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“Butfriendshipb

reakupswillhappenoverthecourseofourlives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。2.D【陕西省渭南市202

2届高三教学质量检测一模】Theearliesttomatoeswerelittlesourberries.Theygrewamonglowbushesindry,sunnyplacesintheAndesMountainsinSouthAmerica.Itwasabout350mill

ionyearsago.Tomatoplantsarerelativetonightshade(茄属植物),whichhaspoison.Theleavesandstemsoftomatoplantshavepoison,buttheberriesaregoodtoeat.Theberriesa

reredsothatanimalscanfindthemeasilyandeatthem.Theanimalscarrytheseedstootherplaces.Thatwashowearliesttomatoplantsfoundnewplacestogrow.Tomato

esarealsorelativetotobacco,chilipeppersandpotatoes.WhenpeoplefirstcametoSouthAmericaabout20,000yearsago,theyate

thesetinywildtomatoes.TravelersbroughtafewkindsofwildtomatoplantsfromtheAndestoCentralAmerica,theretheancestorsoftheMayabegantofarmthem.Nobodykn

owsexactlywhenpeoplebeganfarmingtomatoes,butitprobablywasmuchlaterthancornandbeans,anditwassurelybefore500

BC．TheseCentralAmericanfannersbredtomatoestobebiggerandsweeterthanthewildones.BythetimeSpanishexplorersgottoTenochtitlaninMexicoin152

1AD,theAztecpeopleereeatingalotoftomatoes,madeasauceofchopped(剁碎的)tomatoes,onions,saltandchilipeppersthatwasalotlikeoursa

lsa.Theword“tomato”comesfromtheirNahuatlword“tomato”.Becausetomatoesweren'tfarmeduntilprettylate,farmersfurthernorthhad

notyetbeenabletoadaptheirgrowingseasontoworkinginNorthAmerica.Eventoday,it'sprettyhardtogetyourtomatoesripeinthenorthernpartsofNorthAmericabeforethe

growingseasonends.15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtogrowtomatoes.B．Thehistoryoftomatoes.C．Whentogrowtomatoes.D．Thepl

aceswheretomatoesgrow.【答案】15．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西红柿的历史。15．主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“Theearliesttomatoeswerelittlesourberries.(最早的西红柿是小的酸浆果)”，第三段第一句“W

henpeoplefirstcametoSouthAmericaabout20,000yearsago,theyatethesetinywildtomatoes.(大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄)”

和第四段第一句“BythetimeSpanishexplorersgottoTenochtitlaninMexicoin1521AD,theAztecpeopleereeatingalotoftomatoes(当西班牙探险家在

1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿)”和最后一段“Becausetomatoesweren'tfarmeduntilprettylate,(因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的)”可知

，本文介绍了西红柿的历史。故选B。3.C【吉林省长春市重点高中2022届高三下学期第三次模拟】Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanima

lsaschimpanzees(猩猩)isprovidingthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceive

morningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,butcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.Wit

h79chimpanzees,eachwiththeirdistinctivepersonality,carestaffoftenfindthatdifferentchimpsreactdifferentl

ytonewenrichment.Lastyear,webeganinvitingmusicianstoperformforchimpstoseewhattheymayrespond.Aviolinperformancereceivedquitet

heresponse.Additionalmusicianswerelineduptovisitbutthecoronavirushasstoppedtheactivities,whichwehopet

oresumeinthenearfuture.Thispastweek,webroughtanelectricpianoforthechimpstoinvestigate.Somechimps,liketwinsButtercupandClarisse,wereimmediatel

yinterestedandcouldnotwaittotapoutafewnotes.Others,likeEmma,weremoreinterestedintryingtotakeitapart.29-year-oldPrecioushasverylittletoleranceforthep

iano.Shesatofftothesideforafewminutes,buteventuallyshedecidedthatwasenough.Shecalledanendtotheenrichmentsessionbythrowingahandfulofwasteatthepia

no.Receivinghermessageloudandclear,weremovedthepiano.Wecouldneverhaveguessedhow33-year-oldLukewouldreacttoit.Aswithmanyretired

labchimpanzees,Lukehassomeanxietyissues.Heseemsparticularlydistrustfulofanythingnew,includingpeople,food,andenrichm

ent.Butwhenwepresentedthechimpswiththepiano,Lukewasthefirsttoinvestigate.Wecouldnotbelieveoureyes—thisusuallyanxiouschimpanzeebravel

ychosetoexploresomethingnew!TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthefreedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.11．What

isthetextmainlyabout?A．Howcaregiverscarefortheretiredchimpanzees.B．Whatcarestaffdotoenrichchimpanzees’dailylife.C．Howch

impanzeesaretrainedthroughvariousenrichment.D．WhatProjectChimpsdoestoobserveandstudywildchimps.【答案】11．B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲

述了“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员如何通过各种方法丰富黑猩猩的生活的故事。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段前两句“Oneofthegreatestchallengesincaringforsuchintelligentanimalsaschimpanzees(猩猩)isprovidi

ngthemwithenrichingexperiences.Everyday,thechimpanzeesatProjectChimpsreceivemorningandeveningfood-basedenrichmentdevices,b

utcaregiversarealwayslookingformorewaystokeepthechimpsmentallyengaged.(照顾像黑猩猩这样聪明的动物最大的挑战之一是为他们提供丰富的生活体验。每天，“黑猩猩计划”的黑猩猩都会收到早晚的伴随食物一起的丰

富体验，但护理人员总是在寻找更多的方法让黑猩猩保持精神状态)”，以及最后一段“TousatProjectChimps,thisiswhatitisallabout:givingchimpanzeesthe

freedomtochoose.Wearehonoredtobepartoftheirjourney.(对于从事黑猩猩计划的我们来说，这就是它的全部意义：给予黑猩猩选择的自由。我们很荣幸能成为他们旅程的一部分)”可知，本文主要讲述了参与“黑猩猩计划”的护理人员为了丰富黑猩猩

的生活而采取的各种措施；选项B意为“护理人员如何丰富黑猩猩的日常生活”，与原文相符。故选B项。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com