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必修第一册WelcomeUnit高考题型组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·山东青岛联考)Itwaslate，about10：15p．m.JaniceEspositogotoffthetrainatBellport，

NewYork，wenttohercarandstarteddrivinghome.Shewassofamiliarwiththeroutethatshealmostdroveautomatically：tu

rnedlefttotheStationRoad，thenanotherleftontoMontaukHighway，andthen—bam!WhenEsposito’scarhadjustcrossedtherailroadt

racks，itbumpedintoanothervehicleandwaspushedbackontothetracks.Injuredbutmostlyshockedbythecrashandbytheairbagsthatpoppedup，shewasstuckinthevehicle.

Asithappened，PeteDiPintowasjustabouttogotosleepwhenheheardasharpnoiseandsawtheaccidentnotfaroutsidehisbedroom

window.Asavolunteerfirefighterandretiredteacher，DiPinto，whowas65，fetchedaflashlightandrushedoutwithouthesitation.“Anyfirefight

erwouldhavedonewhatIdid，”hesaid.“We’realwaysonduty.”Atfirst，hespottedtheothercarintheaccident.Aftermakingsurethatthedriverwasallright，DiPint

olookedaroundanddiscoveredEsposito’scarstraddling(横跨)therailwaytracks.Andthenheheardthebellring，whichsignaledatrain’sarrival.DiPintorushedtoEsp

osito’scarandbrokethewindowonthedriver’sside.Espositolookedupathim，withhereyesglazingover.“Idon’tknowwhereIam，”shesaid.“Yo

u’reontherailroadtracks，”DiPintoyelled.“Ihavetogetyouoffrightnow！”Thetrainwasrunningtowardthemataspeedofsome10

5kilometersperhour.Thedriver’sdoorfailedtobeopenedduetothecollision(碰撞)，soDiPintoquicklyrantotheothersideandwasabletoopenthedoor.Heputtheairba

gsaside，seizedherarms，pulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilfinallygotheroutandwalkedhertosafetyasswiftlyaspossible

.Severalsecondslater，thetraincrashedintothevehicle.“ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie，”DiPintotoldreportersthenextday.

“Lastnight，”saidGregoryMiglinoJr.，ChiefoftheDepartmentinSouthCountryAmbulance，“theheroarrivedinpajamas(睡衣裤)，notin

afiretruck.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了65岁的志愿消防员Dipinto不顾自己安危把由于车祸被困在车里的JaniceEsposito从铁轨上救出来的故事。1．Whatcanweknowabouttheacciden

tfromparagraph1?A．Esposito’scarhitanothervehicle.B．Espositodrovetoofast.C．Espositodidn’tknowtheroutewell.D．Arunningtraincr

ashedintoEsposito’scar.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“WhenEsposito’scarhadjustcrossedtherailroadtracks，itbumpedintoanothervehicleandwaspushedbackontothetrac

ks.”可知，Esposito的车撞上了另一辆车。故选A。2．HowwasJaniceEspositorightaftertheaccident?A．Shefeltallright.B．Shewasbadlyhurt.C．Shegottrappedinthecar.D．Shecompl

etelylostherconsciousness.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段末句中的“shewasstuckinthevehicle”可知，Esposito在事故后被困在了车里。故选C。3．HowwasJaniceEspositorescuedfromherca

r?A．Throughthewindowonthedriver’sside.B．Throughthedooronthedriver’sside.C．Throughthewindowonthepassenger’sside.D．

Throughthedooronthepassenger’sside.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“Thedriver’sdoorfailedtobeopenedduetothecollision(碰撞)，soDiPintoquicklyrantotheothers

ideandwasabletoopenthedoor.”和“He...pulledhertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilfinallygotherout...”可知，Esposito被从乘客座位那边的门救了出来。故选D。4．WhatdidGregoryMig

linoJr.meanbysaying“theheroarrivedinpajamas(睡衣裤)，notinafiretruck”？A．DiPintowasnotaprofessionalfirefigh

ter.B．DiPintorushedtosavelifewithoutthinkingabouthimself.C．DiPintowasaspecialfirefighterwhopreferredwearingpajamas.D．DiP

intowasunabletofindafiretruckwhentheaccidenthappened.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“rushedoutwithouthesitation”可知，DiPinto在得知事故后，毫不犹豫地冲出去救人。再根据最后一段中“这位英雄是穿着睡衣来

的，而不是坐着消防车”可知，此处意在说明DiPinto舍身救人的精神。故选B。BFormorethanadecade，ateamofresearchershavestudiedthedynamicsoftheGreenlandIceSheetasitrespondstoawarming

climate.Butwhilemuchoftheirfocushasbeenonwater’simpactsonicesheetchange，theirmostrecentresearchfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.M

eierbachtol，HarperandtheirteamdiscoveredthatchangesintheicesheethavearealimpactonthemassivegroundwatersystemunderlyingGreenland.Thisla

testdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.Internationalcooperatorsmadeanangledhole650metersthroughbedrockunderneathaGreenlandgla

cier(冰川)tomeasuregroundwaterconditionsundertheice.Meanwhile，researchersdrilled32holesfromatoptheglacie

r，throughnearlyakilometerofice，tomeasurewaterconditionsattheareabetweeniceandbedrock，whichformsanimportantboundarycontrollinggroun

dwaterflowbelow.Afterdrilling，theteamfixedsensorsintheicecolumnandattheicesheetbedtomeasureicedynamicsandwaterconditionsaswaterflowsundertheice.“By

studyingareascoveredbyice10,000yearsago，wehaveknownthatthehugemassandvastamountsofwaterfrommeltingicecanimpacttheunderlyinggroundwater，”Meierbac

htolsaid.“It’sgenerallyacceptedthatthegroundwaterissleepingoverdecadestocenturiesanditsresponsetoicesheetchangeislong：thousandsofyears.Butwhatw

e’veshownhereisthatitisimmediate.”ThisnewunderstandingcouldhaveimportantsubsequenteffectsonhowGreenland’sthin

ningiceimpactstheArctic.Thethinningicecouldreducetherateofgroundwaterflowtotheocean，changingthewatertemperatureandsalinity(盐度)bal

ancethatisimportantforoceancirculation(循环)patterns.“InthinkingaboutthecomplexfeedbacksfromGreenland’songoingchange，wehavereallyignoredth

egroundwatercomponent，”Harpersaid.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛的地下水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。5．Howdotheresearchersfeelabouttheresultoftherecentstudy?A．Sati

sfied.B．Disappointed.C．Surprised.D．Doubtful.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Butwhilemuchoftheirfocus...theirmostrecentresearc

hfindingshaveoverturnedtheorderoftheirthinking.”可推断，研究人员对最近的研究结果感到惊讶。故选C。6．WhatcontributesmosttothenewresearchabouttheGreenlandIceSheet?A．Fixing

sensorsintoicesheet.B．Closeinternationalcooperation.C．Advancedrockdrillingtechnology.D．Acombinationoftwodrillingapproaches.答案D解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thislatestdiscoveryoccurredthankstoamarriageofdrillingtechniques.”可知，对格陵兰岛冰盖的最新研究发现，贡献最大的是两种

钻井方法的结合。故选D。7．Whatisamisunderstandingofthegroundwaterunderglaciers?A．Ithasaverylargevolume.B．Itisinactiveforalongtime.C．Itscompone

ntiscomplex.D．Itstemperatureischangeable.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，人们对冰川地下水的误解是：长时间处于不活跃状态。故选B。8．Whichofthe

followingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WaterImpactstheGreenland’sIceSheetB．Long-lastingEffectsofGlobalWarmingontheArcticC．N

ewlyDiscoveredGroundwaterResourcesinGreenlandD．Greenland’sGroundwaterChangeswithThinningIceSheet答案D解析标题归纳题。根据第一段末句以及全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现格陵兰岛的

地下水系统受到冰盖变化的影响。所以D项作为文章标题最为合适。CTopersist，lifemustreproduce.ScientistsattheUniversityofVermont，TuftsUniversity，andtheWyssInstitutefo

rBiologicallyInspiredEngineeringatHarvardUniversityhavediscoveredanentirelynewformofbiologicalreproduct

ionandappliedtheirdiscoverytocreatingthefirst-ever，self-replicating(自我复制的)livingrobots.NamedXenobotsaftertheAfricancla

wedfrogfromwhichscientiststaketheirstemcells，themachinesarelessthan0.04incheswide—smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim

，surviveforweekswithoutfood，andworktogetheringroups.Theyevenhaveregenerativecapabilities；whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot，

ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.TheXenobotscouldpotentiallybeusedtowardahostoftasks.Xenobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradioactivewasteandco

llectmicroplasticsintheoceans.SomeXenobotshaveholesintheircenter，whichcouldpotentiallybeusedtotransportdrugsormedicines.Traditionalrobots

“degrade(降解)overtimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffects，”researcherssaidinthestudy，whichwasp

ublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Asbiologicalmachines，Xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforh

umanhealth.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks，Xenobotscouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcel

lbiology—openingthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Whiletheprospectofself-replicatingbiotechnologycouldsparkconcern，theresearchers

saidthatthelivingmachineswereentirelycontainedinalabandeasilydestroyed，astheyarebiodegradableandregulatedbyex

perts.“Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticity(可塑性)andabilityofcellstosolveproblems，”s

aidJoshuaBongard，oneoftheleadresearchersattheuniversityofVermont.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有史以来第一个可以自我复制、有生命的机器人。9．Whichofthefollowingbestexplain

s“regenerative”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Fightingdisease.B．Recoveringandgrowingagain.C．Self-cleaningregularly.D．Replacingoldcells.答案B解析词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“

whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot，ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving”可知，机器人有自我愈合和修复功能，故regenerative的意思是“恢复并再次成长”，故选B。10．WhatcanwelearnaboutXen

obotsfromparagraph3?A．Theycanbewidelyappliedtocurediseases.B．Theyareharmlesstotheenvironmentbydegradingplastics.C．Theyarespeciallyde

signedtocollectradioactivewaste.D．Theycanservewelltheresearchonhumanhealth.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，Xenobots可以很好地服务于人类健康的研究。故选D。11．WhatisBongard’sattitud

etowardstheself-replicatingbiotechnology?A．Doubtful.B．Indifferent.C．Positive.D．Ambiguous.答案C解析观点态度题。根

据最后一段中的“Therearemanythingsthatarepossibleifwetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticity(可塑性)andabilityofcellstosolveproblems”可知，Joshu

aBongard对自我复制生物技术是持支持的态度，故选C。12．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Theinventionofthefirstself-reproductionrobo

ts.B．Anapplicationofamachineinmedicine.C．Thetrendofdevelopingbiotechnology.D．AnexperimentonAfricanclawedfrogs.答案A解析主旨大意

题。根据全文尤其是第一段内容可知，作者从第一段引入文章的主题：第一个可以自我复制的机器人的发明，故选A。Ⅱ.七选五BASEjumpingisadangeroussportthatinvolvesusingaparachute(降落伞)tojumpoffahighstructur

e.1BecauseBASEjumpingisverydangerous，itissometimesconsidereda“stunt”，or“daredevilactivity”ratherthanasport.BASEisanacronym(首字母缩写)thatstandsforth

efourcategoriesoffixedlaunchpointsforaBASEjump：building，antennae(高塔)，span(bridge)andearth(cliff)．“BASEnumbers”areawardedtothosejumpersw

hohavecompletedatleastonejumpfromeachofthecategories.2CarlBoenishmadethefirstofficialBASEjumpofftheTrollWallinNorwayin1984.Unfortunately，CarlBoenish

waskilledtwodaysafterthatfirstBASEjumpashetriedtomakeanotherBASEjumpofftheTrollWall.Improvementsinequipmenthavehe

lpedreduceBASEjumpingdeaths.3TherearenoreliablestatisticsonthenumberofpeoplekilledandinjuredwhileBASEjumping，butitisc

ertainlymoredangerousthanskydiving.Becauseofthehighdeathrate，BASEjumpinghasnotgainedwidespreadacceptance.4ABASE

jumperneedstogetpermissiontouseboththeplacefromwhichthejumpisinitiated(开始)andthelandingareas.Someplaces，liketheTrollWall，arebannedbecauseoftheh

ighlevelofdanger.However，manysitesarestillopentojumpers.5Itcaneasilyinjureorkillyou.Youareahugeinvestmentoftime，energy，andmoneyby

yourparents.Yourparentsexpectyoutohavegoodjudgment，sothinkhardbeforeyoudoanythingthatisdangerous.A．BASEj

umpingissomethingthatyoushouldn’tdo.B．Teens’parentsdon’tsupportBASEjumpingbecauseitcostsmoney.C．ABASEnumberqualifiesthepar

ticipantasarecognizedBASEjumper.D．Thisisalsooneofthereasonsthatitisconsideredillegalinmanycountries.E．BASEju

mpingjustgetsevenmoredangerousasyoucompetetobethequickest.F．Ithasbecomepopularwiththoseconstantlylookingfornewandexcitingthing

stodo.G．Nevertheless，manypeople，includingskilledjumpers，arestillinjuredorkilledeveryyear.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了极限跳伞运动。1．答案F解析根据

上句“BASEjumpingisadangeroussportthatinvolvesusingaparachute(降落伞)tojumpoffahighstructure.”可知，F项承接上句，对极限跳伞运动进行说明，选项中的It指代上句中的“BASEjumping”。2．答案C解析根据上

句“‘BASEnumbers’areawardedtothosejumperswhohavecompletedatleastonejumpfromeachofthecategories.”可知，C项承接上句，继续对BASEnumber展开说明。选项中的“ABASEnumber”呼应上文中的“BAS

Enumbers”。3．答案G解析根据上句“ImprovementsinequipmenthavehelpedreduceBASEjumpingdeaths.”以及下句“Therearenoreliablestatisti

csonthenumberofpeoplekilledandinjuredwhileBASEjumping，butitiscertainlymoredangerousthanskydiving.”可知，G项呼应上下文，说明尽管已经改进设备帮助减少这种极限跳伞运动导致的死亡，但是每年仍有许多

人受伤或死亡。4．答案D解析根据上句“Becauseofthehighdeathrate，BASEjumpinghasnotgainedwidespreadacceptance.”可知，D项承接上句，继续

说明由于其高死亡率，极限跳伞在许多国家是非法的。5．答案A解析根据空后内容可知，该段主要讲述了不应该做极限跳伞的原因，A项符合题意，其中you是原词复现。故选A。