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专题13阅读理解七选五1.（2023年全国甲卷）TricksToBecomingAPatientPersonHere’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavac

ationtostartallhaveincommon?There’soneanswer.16.IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightaio

urfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltricks.●Practicegratitude(感激)Thankfu

lnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.17.“Showingthankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,resea

rcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.●MakeyourselfwaitInstantgratification(满足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”opti

onatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayfo

rustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.18.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llso

onfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.●19.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeing

comfortabelistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosayto

yourself,“20.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A．FindyourcausesB．StartwithsmalltasksC．AccepttheuncomfortableD．Allth

isaddsuptoastateofhurryE．ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF．Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG．They’reallsituation

swherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答案】16．G17．E18．B19．C20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。16．根据上文“Here’sa

riddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?There’soneanswer.(这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始

有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。17．根据上文“Thankfulnesshasalotofb

enefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Showingth

ankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.(加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，

上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。18．根据上文“Andtheonlywa

yforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.(我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwa

it10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。19．根据本段

内容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcom

fortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小

标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。20．根据上文“Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself(你应该学会对自己说……

)”以及后文“You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.(然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。2.（2023年

全国乙卷）Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.____16____,buts

tudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookaf

terandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsth

atliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.____17____.Whyareindoorp

lantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“____18____.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundtheho

usecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.There

isalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsf

rompaintsorcooking.____19____.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.You

canbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocarefort

hemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“____20____,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandh

elptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”A.AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.Therearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindo

orsD.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’stongueareamongthebestF.Changingthepoto

fyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.E

20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。【16题详解】根据下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepe

ople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可

知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成notonly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Manyofthesespecies(物种)arenoti

deallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生

长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文“Ifindduringthewi

ntermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C.Therearemanybenefitst

ogrowingplantsindoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。【19题详解】根据上文“Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscanc

leantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二

氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’stongueareamongthebest(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列

举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。20题详解】根据上文“Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature-whichispartof

thejoyofowningplants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时【照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbe

veryrewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhome

andnature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。3.（2023年新高考I卷）PersonalForgiven

essTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.____16____You

canusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstre

ngths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,just

aspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethi

ngsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthe

familyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakese

achofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwayto

boostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheir

mistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewayto

developandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymig

htevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’

shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】1

6.D17.B18.F19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。【16题详解】根据空前内容“Takingresp

onsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯错)ishuman.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。

)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“dothis”以及下文内容

可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。【17题详解】根据空前内

容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Areyoucaring?Creat

ive?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾

听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyours

elf.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。【18题详解】根据上文内容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethin

gsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesaf

terthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者

当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它

写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。【19题详解】根据空后内容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourperson

alitythatshinethrough.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“Theymightevenli

ketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoy

ourlist.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-conf

idenceatanytime.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。【20题详解】根据空前内容“It’ssomethingofaclich

é(陈词滥调)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习

，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境

，G项中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后内容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivew

aytodevelopandgrow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。4.（2023年新高考II卷）Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialme

dia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idorememb

er,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingaske

tchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinth

efuture.___16___You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoput

inthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___17___·Con

tinuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___18___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchalle

nges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·___19___Seekingandacceptingcon

structivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.They

makemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___20___Pu

shthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Ma

kecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroa

dblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlyc

omeswithrepetition.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。【16题详解】根据前文“Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook

(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(从小开始。我建

议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.(你

会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看.看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.(不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺

承关系。故选C项。【17题详解】分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段总结，根据前文“Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantopu

tinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你

是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomesw

ithrepetition.(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。【18题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Continuallychallengeyours

elftotrysomethingnew.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，

和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。【19题详解】分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反馈)iscrucialtogr

owth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevel

ofartisticability.(寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Shareyour

workifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。【20题详解】分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Thejourneyyou’reonw

on’tfollowastraightpath.(你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.(坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将

收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。5.（2023年浙江卷1月）Withgaspricesrising

andairportsecuritylinessnakinglongerthanever,whynotbookyournextdomesticvacationonatrain?Comparedtootheral

ternatives,it’scomfortableandrelaxing.Hereissomeadviceonhowtomakeatripbyrailaspleasantaspossible.Planahead.Mostl

ong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.36Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourres

ervationsatleast90daysinadvance.的Useatravelagent.Considerturningyourtravelplanovertoatravelagentandlettingh

imdouble-checkallthedetails,makesuggestions,andthenhandletheactualreservations.Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudisco

untedtickets.37Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.Bringablank

et.Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.38Inthesummerinparticular,theair

conditioningcanmakethemquitecold.Arriveearly.Mosttrainsoperatejustonceadayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.39Note:

Thetimeslistedontheschedulesaredeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.Havefun.40Readabook,knit,doacrosswordpuzzle,orsimplywatchtheworldunfoldoutsidet

hewindow.Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,divide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotrave

lonemile(thedistancebetweentwomileposts).Ifittakesthetrain53secondstotravelonemile,you’regoing67.92mph.A．Traintripsa

ren’tforimpatienttypes.B．You’llhaveviewsfrombothsidesofthetrain.C．Thetemperatureonrailcarsisoftenhardtocontrol.D．

That’sparticularlytrueduringbusysummermonths.E．Youmighthavetowaitlongerthan24hourstocatchthenextone.F．Chancesare

thecostwillbealotlessthanthecostofonebedroom.G．Hemayalsobookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner.【答案】36．D37．G38．C39．E40．A【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲

述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。36．根据上文“Planahead.Mostlong-distancetrains,especiallythesleepingcaraccommodations,selloutveryquickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺

，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“Butnomatterwhenyoutravel,it’sagoodideatomakeyourreservationsatleast90daysinadvance.(但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被

定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busysummermonths”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。37．根据上文“Agoodonecansometimesfindyoudiscountedtickets.(一个好的旅行社有时可以

帮你找到打折的票。)”以及下文“Thenyouwon’thavetowalkthroughseveralcarsonamovingtrainthreetimesadayforyourmeals.(这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，

好的旅行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“bookyouinasleepingcarthat’srightnexttothediner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐

厅旁边的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。38．根据上文“Whenyou’reridingontrains,youwon’tbeprovidedwithablanketforfree,evenifyourtripisanovernightone.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行

是过夜的。)”以及下文“Inthesummerinparticular,theairconditioningcanmakethemquitecold.(特别是在夏天，空调会让他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问

题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“Thetemperatureonrailcars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。39．根据上文“Mosttrainsoperatejustoncead

ayandsomerunonlythreetimesaweek,somissingyourscanbeadisaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。)”以及下文“Note:Thetimeslistedontheschedulesa

redeparturetimes,notarrivaltimes.(注意:时刻表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事情，E项中“Youmighthavetowaitlonger”与前后文对应，

说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断E项“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。40．根据上文“Havefun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“Tocalculateyourspeedasyoudo,d

ivide3,600(thenumberofsecondsinanhour)bythenumberofsecondsittakesyoutotravelonemile(thedistancebetween

twomileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与

后文要计算时间，用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。1.（2022年全国甲卷）ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(礼节)mightsurprisey

ouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.___6___.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareinth

eworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbit

es,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.___7___.HandsorUtensils(餐具)InInd

iaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensili

neachhand.___8___,insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.Peoplein

Thailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests___9___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshow

sthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someo

ftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.___10___,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsf

oreignculturalpractices.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.Mexicansconsideritinappropriate

toeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeames

saroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【答案】6.D7.F8.

C9.G10.B6.根据后文“Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿

愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。)”可知，此处是指要学习一些用餐礼节以避免在用餐时犯错误，所以选项D“不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误”切合文意。故选D。7.根据前文“Whenyouputthemdown

betweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了

。)”可知，此处是讲筷子的摆放方式，所以选项F“不要把它们直立在食物中，也不要在使用时交叉放置”切合文意，选项中的them指的就是本段中的chopsticks。故选F。8.根据前文“InIndiaandtheMiddle

East,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿

一个餐具吃饭。)”可知，此处举例说明几个地方的用餐方式，且根据后文“insteadpreferringtousetheirhands(相反更喜欢用手)”可知，此处是指不喜欢用餐具用餐，所以选项C“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的”切合文意。故选C。9.根据小标题“MakingRequests”

(提出要求)可知，此处是讲在用餐时提出要求，根据后文“InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.(在葡萄牙，这将是一个

严重的错误，因为这表明你不喜欢厨师的调味技巧。)”可知，后文中的this是指要求额外的调料，所以选项G“吃饭时要盐和胡椒似乎是一个简单的请求”切合文意。故选G。10.根据后文“themorecomfortableyou’ll

begintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处句式为“themore...,themore...”，且its是指“国家的”，所以此处是

指在一个国家待的时间越久，选项B“你在某个国家待的时间越久”切合文意。故选B。2.（2022年全国乙卷）Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herea

refivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycon

tact(联系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.___11___.·Moreisn’talwaysmerrierMak

esureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.___12___

.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(

共情)·___14___Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycomm

unicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends’birthdaysandotherimportant

dateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don’trelyontechnologyalone__15___,butlong-distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayre

quiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A.Rem

emberimportantdatesB.CompensatebywritinglettersC.ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD.Trytofindatimethatworksforbotho

fyouandsticktoitE.FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF.ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG.Youmaybethe

friendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】11.D12.E13.G14.A15.F【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。11.根据上文“Withbus

yschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话）讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打电话

这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D项。12.根据上文“Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobe

contactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.”（确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需

要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavin

gagroupchat.”（除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊）对E项中的“methodsofcommunication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。13.根据下文“Thefriendwhoisremaini

ng”（留下来的朋友）和“Theoneinthenewenvironment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“thefriendwholeft”和“theo

newhowasleftbehind”分别对应下文“Theoneinthenewenvironment”和“Thefriendwhoisremaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。14.分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Annive

rsariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊

是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Rememberimportantdates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。故选A项。15.设空处所在句子的后半句“butlong-distancef

riendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友

之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“requiremoreconsciousefforttosustain”形成转折，而且其中的“socialmedia”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’trelyontechnologyalone

”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。3.（2022年新高考I卷）FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llac

tuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“___1___”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingefforta

sthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.___2___Ordoyoujustwanttobephysi

callyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner

.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.___3___Ifyouplanonworkingo

utinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwha

tkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,

andprovidedherphonenumber.___4___Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.___5___Overtime,botho

fyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipis

thatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyne

edstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrai

ningpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinform

ation.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.G5.F【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。1.根据前文“FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled

“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的

文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”以及后文“Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtl

e(微妙)competition.(有一个锻炼伙伴，你将会努力训练，因为你们之间有一个微妙的竞争)”可知，空处陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由，故选项应与后文是顺承关系，选项C中的“trainwithsomeoneelse”与后文的“Withaworkoutpartner”相对应，选项C“

You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力)”符合语意。故选C项。2.根据前文“Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantf

romthatperson.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么)”和后文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健

康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的，故空处与后文是选择关系，你要知道你锻炼是为了什么。所以选项D“Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?(你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为

更好的运动员吗?)”与后文在语意上构成选择关系。故选D项。3.根据前文“Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butprobablywon'tresultinau

sefulresponse.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应)”和后文“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.(如果你打算在健身房

锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。选项B中的“livecloseby”与后文的“belongtothesamegym”相对应，选项B“Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneed

stolivecloseby.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近)”与下文是顺承关系。故选B项。4.根据前文“Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkin

doftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovi

dedherphonenumber.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼

伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选项G“Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息)”是对上文内容的总结，符合语意。故选G项。5.根据前文“You

andyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能)”和后文“Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandy

ouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.(久而久之，你们双方都会

受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。你们关系的核心是你们永远在一起互相帮助)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。选项F中的“differences”对应前文的“differentskills”，选项中的“workwitheachother”对应后

文的“betheretohelpeachother”，故选项F“Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作)”起到承上启下的作用，符合语意。故选F项。4.（2022年新高考II卷）Writin

ganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.___16___Whenyouare

firsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Stayl

ooseandfree.___17___Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon’tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.T

henexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.___18___Yet,bylearningtolivewithim

perfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofa

nexploration,notasacompletehighway.Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.___19___Asaresult,these

writersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大块)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfro

manymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.___20___Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.A．Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B．Letyourpenfo

llowthewavesofthought.C．Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D．Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E．Toomanywriterstr

ytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F．Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G．Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourte

xtontriple-space.【答案】16．D17．B18．E19．F20．G【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。16．空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasfo

ranessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.(当你第一次

想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了

本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。17．空前说“Staylooseandfree.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥

，B选项“Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。18．空前说“Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryin

gaboutbeingperfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheada

chesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皱)paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdr

aftsrightthefirsttime.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“gettheirdrafts”和上文的“writeyourdraft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。1

9．空前说“Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Manybeginningwritersd

on’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Manybeginningwriters”和后文的“thesewr

iters”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。20．空前说“Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.(当你修

改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)

”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说

的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“Theresultingblankspace”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。5.（2022年浙江卷6月）IhaveadrawerfullofletterstoSa

nta.EachyearmychildrenwouldwriteuptheirChristmaswishlists.Theywerepoliterequestsforthelatestgameortoy.Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSanta

somehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.____11____Thoseletterstaughtmychildrenavaluablelessonaboutwriting:Ithasapurpose.Sometimesourpurpos

eistoachievesomething;othertimesitmaybetoentertain,inform,orpersuade.____12____Andwhenwritingdoesn’tseemtohaveanypurpo

seorgetanykindofmeaningfulresponse,thenitcanbehardtogetexcitedaboutdoingit.Christmasisagreattimeofyearfo

rchildrentocommunicatewithothersthroughwriting.Whenchildrenwriteforrealaudiencesandrealpurposes,theycanlearnt

ochoosetheirwordsaccordingly.____13____Youwrite“DearSanta”becauseyoudon’tknowhimpersonallyandyouwanttoshowhimrespect.____14____Texting,onlinemessagi

ng,livechatswhileplayingvideogamesallmeanthattheyareconstantlyproducingwrittenmessages.However,becausetheyareusuallywritingto

familyandfriends,theyuseinformallanguagemostofthetime.Thereisnothingwrongwiththiskindofwriting.Itsuitstheaudienceandthepurposeandge

tsthejobdone.____15____Thistypeofwritingwon’tberewardedbytheschoolexaminer,norbyafutureemployerorapotential

client.Theverybestcommunicatorsarethosewhoknowhowtoadjusttheirlanguagetomatchtheiraudience.A．Itisn’tthattheseyoungpeoplecan’

twrite.B．Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.C．Theageofpen-and-paperletterwritingmayhavepassed.D．Asaresult,eachyeartheyreceivedso

methingtheywanted.E．Youwrite“HiNannaandPop”becauseyouareclosetothem.F．Astechnologydevelops,youngpeoplearewritingmorethant

heyeverhave.G．Butifthisistheonlykindofwritingyoungpeopledo,itwillcauseproblems.【答案】11．D12．B13．E14．F15．G【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信

暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。11．根据空前“Asthechildrengotolder,theywouldgiveSantasomehints(提示)onwheretobuytheirpresents.(随着孩子们

逐渐长大，他们会给圣诞老人一些提示，告诉他去哪里买礼物。)”可知，孩子们给圣诞老人提示去哪买礼物。结合选项可知，D项“Asaresult,eachyeartheyreceivedsomethingtheywanted.(结果，他们每年都会收到他们想要的东

西。)”为孩子们提示的结果：收到心仪的礼物。前后为明显的因果关系。故选D项。12．根据空前“Sometimesourpurposeistoachievesomething;othertimestmaybeto

entertain,inform,orpersuade.(有时我们的目的是为了获得东西，有时可能是为了娱乐、告知或说服。)”可知，我们写作都是带着目的的。结合选项B“Butitisalwayspurposeful-oratleastitshouldbe.(但它总是有目的的——或者至少

应该是这样。)”可知，前后语意一致，说明写作是带有目的的。故选B项。13．根据空前“Whenchildrenwriteforrealaudiencesandrealpurposes,theycanlear

ntochoosetheirwordsaccordingly.(当孩子们为真正的读者和真正的目的写作时，他们就能学会相应地选择用词。)”以及空后“Youwrite“DearSanta”becauseyoudon’tknowhimpersonallyandyouwanttoshowhimre

spect.(你写“亲爱的圣诞老人”是因为你不认识他，你想表达对他的尊重。)”可知，空后句和空前句之间是“理论——实践”的关系，由此可推知，空处也应为具体的实践。结合选项E“Youwrite“HiNannaandPop

”becauseyouareclosetothem.(你写“嗨，奶奶和爸爸”，因为你和他们很亲近。)”可知，符合这一逻辑。而且和空后结构一致。故选E项。14．根据空后“Texting,onlinemessaging,live

chatswhileplayingvideogamesallmeanthattheyareconstantlyproducingwrittenmessages.(在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。

)”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项F“Astechnologydevelops,youngpeoplearewritingmorethantheyeverhave.(随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)

”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。故选F项。15．根据空前“Thereisnothingwrongwiththiskindofwriting.Itsuitstheaudienceandthepurposeandge

tsthejobdone.(这种写作方式并没有错。它迎合了观众和目的，完成了任务。)”可知，作者在评价这种科技影响下的写作方式。结合选项G“Butifthisistheonlykindofwritingyoungpeop

ledo,itwillcauseproblems.(但如果这是年轻人唯一的写作方式，那就会造成问题。)”可知，前后语意一致，从正反两方面评价科技带来的写作。故选G项。6.（2022年浙江卷1月）Ihavet

hesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,butIhavemadespecificchoicethatallowmetomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandre

laxed.____11____Pickthemostimportant.____12____Focusonspendingtimethatforyouisfunandproductive.IchosethelifeofanadviserbecauseIliketow

orkwithcompanies,butdon'twantthelifeofabigcompanyCEO.MychoicesarebasedonthelifestyleIwant.Combineyouractivi

ties.Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtimewithfriends,family,work,play,etc.____13____Findwaystoenjoytheminacombinedmanner.Buildyoursoc

iallifearoundpeopleyourworkenvironment.Findpeopleinyourcompanywhosharecommoninterestsanddevelopyourcareer(职业)aroundthepeople

andactivitiesyoulove.____14____Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwayso

fdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereor

there.Lightenup.Theworldwon'tcometoanendinmostcasesjustbecauseyouleftafewthingsundone.Celebrateprogressandkeeprefining(改

进)towardahappyproductiveexistence.____15____Everycompletionisasmallvictorythataddsupinabigway.A．Speedup.B．Beanactivelear

ner.C．Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.D．Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.E．Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreater

joy.F．Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.G．Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproduct

ivityhandbook.【答案】11．F12．D13．C14．B15．G【分析】本文是说明文。作者给出了既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议。11．上文“Ihavethesame24hoursinadayasyoudo,but1havemadespecific

choicethatallowmetomakethemostofeverydayandstillfeelhappyandrelaxed.(我和你一样，每天都有24小时，但我做了具体的选择，让我充分利用每一天，仍然感到快乐和放松)”说明作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，但仍旧感到快乐和轻松，根据下文

段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“helpyoumakethemostofyourtime”与上文“tomakethemostofeveryday”一致，“tips”引出下

文的建议，因此F项“也许这些建议会帮助你充分利用你的时间”符合语境，承上启下。故选F。12．根据段落标题“Pickthemostimportant.”可知，本段建议挑选最重要的，下文“Focusonspendin

gtimethatforyouisfunandproductive.(把时间花在那些对你来说有趣和富有成效的事情上)”说明要挑选一些有趣的和富有成效的事情去做，D项中的“whatismeaningfulinyourlife”与标题中的“themostimportant”一致

，下文是对“Makechoices”具体解释。因此推断D项“选择你生活中有意义的东西”符合语境。故选D。13．上文“Manypeoplegocrazytryingtofigureouthowtospendtime

withfriends,family,work,play,etc.(许多人疯狂地试图弄清楚如何在朋友，家庭，工作，娱乐等方面度过时间)”说明许多人想要弄清楚在生活中如何分配好时间，下文“Findwaystoenjoytheminacombinedma

nner.(找到一种结合的方式来享受它们)”说明可以把事情组合在一起享受，因此推断空格处与上文是转折关系，说明不要试图均衡时间，C项“不要试图在它们之间平衡时间”符合语境。故选C。14．空格处为段落小标题。根据下文“Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoret

imefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthingsthatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alway

sbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.Alwaysbelookingforanewwaytogainbackanhourhereorthere.(你可能会认

为学习需要花费了你更多的时间，但实际上总有一些新的方法可以为你节省出做日常事务的时间，为你腾出时间去做最重要的事情。寻找在这里或者那里赢回一个小时的新方法)”可推断，本段讲述学习虽然花费很多时间，但总是能有一些方法为你节省时间做其他事情，因此要做有效的

学习者。因此推断B项“做有效的学习者”为段落标题，故选B。15．下文“Everycompletionisasmallvictorythataddsupinabigway.(每一次的完成都是一个小的胜利

，累积起来就是一个大的胜利)”说明事情要一件一件去做，G项中的“makinglists”与之呼应，因此推断G项“这就是为什么列清单在任何生产手册中都很重要的原因”符合语境，this指代上文“Theworldwon'tcometoanendinmostcasesjustbecauseyoule

ftafewthingsundone.Celebrateprogressandkeeprefining(改进)towardahappyproductiveexistence.(在大多数情况下，世界不会因为你没做完几件事而走向末日。庆祝进步，不断改进走向一个快乐而富有成效的存在)

”解释了列出清单一件一件完成任务的原因。故选G。7.（2022年北京卷）Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures,wetendtoig

noreourhealth.____15____Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.____16____Weneedtob

efittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventim

e.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.____17____Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatw

earenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesom

etimetohealthandfitness.____18____Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferent

levelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.Additionally,itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleasts

ixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.____19____This,int

urn,givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.A．Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.B．Healthandfitnessareinterrelate

dtoeachother.C．Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.D．Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.E．Ifwekeepourbodyfit,w

ecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.F．Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.G．Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.

【答案】15．G16．B17．D18．F19．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。15．根据空前“Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oft

enduetovariouspressures,wetendtoignoreourhealth.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“Itisthefitnesslevelofourbo

dythathelpsusfightthesediseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatcho

therdiseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的otherdiseases与空后的thesediseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。

16．根据空后“Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly,ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsma

intainingthefitnessofourbody.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Healthandfi

tnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。17．根据空前“Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebu

tstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，

根据空后“Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Forinstance,wemayhavea

tendencytocatchacoldeasily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项

。18．根据空前“Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应

该花时间去健身，根据空后“Forinstance,wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该

每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人

都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。19．根据空前“Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune(免疫)systemandprotectsusagainstd

iseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This,inturn,givesusnewgoalsof

healthandfitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“Italsohelp

sinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。1.（2021年新高考1卷）MyhusbandandIjustsp

entaweekinParis.____1____Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleav

eoursuitcasesinthehallway.Theplacewasn’tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,theplumbing(水管)worked.____2____Ourbuildingevenh

adatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,“Ouverturedesportes,”inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit’sashameIdon’thavemuchuseforit.P

arisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeonenotedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.____3__

__Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.____4_

___OnourfirstmorninginParis,Iwentaroundthecornertothefoodmarkettopickupsomegroceries.Iboughtahandfulofp

erfectlyripesmallstrawberriesandalittlesweetmelon.MyhusbandandIagreedtheywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!InFranc

e,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency.Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.

____5____Whendothesepeoplework?TheFrenchtaketheir35-hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwith

agroupofcompanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall.A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.B.Thequalityoflifei

nFranceisequallyexcellent.E.That’snottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.G.

Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon’tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.【答案】1.F2.C3.G4.E5.A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯的经历。1.下文“

Sothefirstthingwedidwasrentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个

非常昂贵第六层的公寓，只有一个橱柜那么大)”说明作者和丈夫采取行动，租了昂贵的公寓，F项“我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上能像真正的巴黎人那样生活。”说明作者和丈夫租昂贵公寓的原因，引出下文，符合题意。故选F项。2.上文“Unli

keanormalParisianapartment,theplumbingworked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合

题意。故选C项。3.下文“Frenchstrawberriesdonottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们

会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”说明法国的草莓很美味，G项中delicious是关键词，G项“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”引出下文，符合题意。故选G项。4.下文“MyhusbandandIagreedthe

ywerethebestfruitwehadevereaten.Buttheycost$18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是很贵，E项“这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”承接上文法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，并引出下文

，说明法国人吃的少的另一个原因“物价昂贵”。故选E项。5.上文“InFrance,qualityoflifeismuchmoreimportantthanefficiency(效率).Youcante

llthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded.(在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”说明了法国人会去咖啡馆，认为生活质量比效率更重要，以及下文“Whendothesepeoplework?(这些人什么时

候工作？)”说明咖啡馆中的顾客有法国人，A项中customer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。2.（2021年全国甲卷）Swap,Don’tsho

p!Youkeephearingaboutrecycling,right?Butitdoesn’tendwithbottles,cans,andpaper.Clothingtakesahugeamountofnaturalresources(

资源)tomake,andbuyingloadsofnewclothing(orthrowingoutoldclothing)isnothealthyfortheenvironment.Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-may

be-a-little-sick-of-themclothespiledonyourbedroomfloor?____6____.It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclothes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapart

yallatthesametime.Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It’sreallyeasytodo!Hereareaf

ewpointers.●Invite5—10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.____7____,andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefr

om;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.●____8____.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clot

heshome.●Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom.____9____.Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehow

thingslookwhentheytrythemon.Oneofthegroundrulesoftheswapshouldbethateveryonemusttryontheclothesbeforethey

takethem—thingsalwayslookdifferentwhenyouputthemon.●Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go,”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.____10__

__.Anddon’tforgettoputoutsomecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!A.LesspeoplethanthatB.HoldaclothingswapC.Iftwopeoplearec

ompetingD.JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE.DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF.Haveeveryoneputtheirclot

hesintherightspotsG.Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition【答案】6.B7.A8.G9.F10.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文

章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。6.根据上文“Sowhattodowithallthoseperfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-little-sick-of-themclothespiled

onyourbedroomfloor?(那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢?)”可知此处提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。根据下文“It’sthebestwaytogetridofyourusedclo

thes,scoreclothesfromyourfriends,andhaveapartyallatthesametime.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。)”可知此处提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法，空处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法，所以空处应该

提出一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Holdaclothingswap.(进行衣物交换。)”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合上下文语境。故选B项。7.根据上文“Invite5-10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.(邀请5到1

0个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。)”可知此处说明了应该邀请的人数。根据下文“andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesun

controllable.(可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。)可知多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空处应是针对下文中的“morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.

(超过这个数，就会变得无法控制。)”提出的相反假设。A项“Lesspeoplethanthat(少于这些人)”提出一种假设，和下文中“morethanthat”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合上下文语境。故选A项。8.空处位于段首，是

本段的主旨句。根据下文“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。)说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣

服”准备袋子，所以空处应该讲对每个来参加交换派对的人所带衣物的要求。G项“Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition.(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。)”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带

完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，下文中的also也是提示词，并且空后的They指代G项的everyone，概括本段文意，符合上下文语境。故选G项。9.根据段首句“Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferent

surfacesintheroom.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。)”可知本段主要讲衣服带来以后的相关问题，根据下文“Placeafewmirrorsaroundyourroomsopeoplecanseehowthingslookwhenthey

trythemon.(在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。)可知在房间里要放置一面镜子，方便人们试穿衣服，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是在房间里人们对于带来的衣服应该怎么做。F项“Haveeveryoneputtheirclothesinth

erightspots.(让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。)”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，而且F项的spots对应空前的surfaces，符合上下文语境。故选F项。10.根据上文“Setastartingtime.Ma

ybeyousay“go,”orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever.(设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。)可知本段主要讲的是和聚会有关的事情。根据下文“Anddon’tforgettoputoutsom

ecookiesandfruits.Remember,it’saparty!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对!)”可知此处讲的是聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。空处承上启下，所以也应该讲述和聚会有关的内容。D项“Justkeepmusicplayingthroughout.

(要始终播放音乐。)”承接上文，启出下文，而且D项中的music对应空前的acertainsong，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合上下文语境。故选D项。3.（2021年全国乙卷）AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it’

snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.___11___,ifyou’reoutofyourcomfortzoneorifyou’rewanderingintosomebody’shouseforthefirstt

ime.Sothemainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucan

starttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”,you’llbeabletogetalotmoreinterest

ingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou’retalkingto.___12___,itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhow

erelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.___13___?Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcert

ainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovet

hemfromthesituation.___14___.Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilenceata

dinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(赞扬).___15___.Justq

uicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”Sobeinginterestingatadinnerpartyisn’ttha

thard.A.HowdoyouknowthehostB.ThefirststepistogoexploringC.Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere?”D.Bepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrange

rsE.OrturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosayF.Whataboutthatpersonwhohadtoomuchtodrinkor

won’tstoptalkingG.Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost【答案】11.B12.C13.F14.E15.G

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。11.上文“it’snotdifficulttomakeyourselfinterestingatadinnerparty(在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”说明晚宴上让自己变得有趣是不太困难的，以及下文“Sothe

mainthingisjusttoshowupandbeadventurous,tryingdifferentfoodsandtalkingtostrangers.(所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”说明在晚宴上让自己变得有趣的方法，B项

“第一步是去探索”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。12.下文“itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecr

azypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.(它可以引入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是开启了对话)”说明得到回答，开启对话

，C项“如果你问问题“你是怎么到达这里的？”提出问题，引出下文，符合题意。故选C项。13.下文“Ifyoucan’ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawayt

heirsoapbox.(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方)”说明要采取方法，拿走他们的酒或者让他们离开讲话的地方，F项“喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办”提出问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。14.上文“Ifyoucan’

ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(讲台).Ifyou’rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwith

somethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.(如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们从那种情

景中离开)”说明面对喝太多酒或者一直说个不停的人时，可以采取的方法，E项“或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题”提出另一种解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。15.上文“Ifyou’refacedwithanawkwardsilencea

tadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交

谈的方法就是赞美主人)”说明赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，以及下文“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉

我它的一切)”说明对主人进行赞美的具体做法，G项中Heorshe指代上文中的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项。4.（2021年浙江卷6月）You’vegotmail…andit’sapostc

ardPauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRo

me’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.___16___“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChin

aDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit.___17___”Seekingotherlike-m

indedsouls,however,Paulostartedlookinginasomewhatunlikelyplace:online.ManywouldsaytheInternetisaplaceforpeoplewhohavegi

venuponthetraditionalpostalservice,butPaulo’shunch(直觉)paidoff.Todayhishobbyhasdevelopedintothewebsitepostcross

ing.com,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575,217registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehestartedit10yearsago.___18___Running

thewebsitehasalmostturnedintoafull-timejob.Languageiscertainlyabarrierformanypeople.Forpostcrossingtoworkworldwide,a

commoncommunicationlanguageisneededsothateveryonecanunderstandeachother.AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptd

oesn’tworkifonedoesn’tunderstandit.___19___Soacommonlanguageisrequiredandinpostcrossingthat’sEnglishsinceit’swidelyspoken.“ManypeopleinChi

nahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.___20__Thatsaid,weknowofmanypostcrossingmembers,includingChinese,whohaveactuallyimprovedtheirEnglishskillsthroughth

eiruseofpostcrossing,”Paulosays.A.Andthat’stotallyfine.B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.C.Heli

kestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby.D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostca

rdsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.G.Inshort,hel

ovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.F20.B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了热爱明信片的34岁葡萄牙电脑工程师P

auloMagalhaes创建postcrossing.com的过程及其现状。16.上文“PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,love

stoopenhismailboxandfindabrightlycoloredpictureofRome’sColosseum.OrAfrica’sVictoriaFalls.OrChina’sGreatWall.(34岁的葡萄牙电脑工程师Paul

oMagalhaes喜欢打开他的邮箱，然后发现一个色彩鲜艳的罗马斗牛场图像。或者非洲的维多利亚瀑布。或者是中国的长城)”介绍了Paulo喜欢明信片的个人爱好；下文描述Paulo与家人朋友寄明信片的经历；G

选项“Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingascribblednotefromsomeonefaraway.(简而言之，他喜欢明信片，也喜欢收到远方某人潦草的便条时的那种兴奋)”起到承上启下的作用。故选G项。17.上文

““Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.”hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethatafterawhile,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyo

urealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit(“我经常给家人和朋友寄明信片，”他说，“但你可以想象，过一段时间，你收到的明信片不会像你寄的那么多，而且你意识到并不是每个人都喜欢这样”)”说明Paulo意识到身边的亲人和朋友不是都和他

有相同的爱好，他也很坦然接受这个事实；A选项“Andthat’stotallyfine(那完全没问题)”符合语境，that指代上文描述的经历。故选A项。18.上文“TodayhishobbyhasevolvedintothewebsitePostcrossing.com

,asocialnetworkthathasgrownto575,217registeredusersin214countriesandregionssincehelaunchedit10yearsago.(如今，他的这个爱好已经发展成了P

ostcrossing.com这个社交网站。自从10年前他创建这个网站以来，已经有来自214个国家和地区的575217名注册用户)”是在介绍目前网站的发展状况很不错；下文“Runningthewebsitehasalmostturnedintoafu

ll-timejob.(运营网站几乎已经变成了一份全职工作)”表示运营网站是忙碌的；E选项“OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.(8月5日，会员互赠的明信片数量达到3100万张)”同样用相关数据

证明网站的状态很不错，符合语境。故选E项。19.上文“AscoolasitmaybetoreceiveapostcardwritteninChinese,theconceptdoesn’tworkifonedoe

sn’tunderstandit.(收到一张用中文写的明信片可能很酷，但如果你不理解它，这个概念就行不通)”是举例说明他国人收到中文明信片时的语言障碍问题；F选项“Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChi

nese,receivingacardwritteninSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.(同样地，如果你只会说中文，收到瑞典语的卡片也会夺走一部分乐趣)”是举例说明中国人收到他国语言明信片

时也会遇到相同的语言障碍问题，符合本段“语言对于很多人来说是一种障碍”的主题。故选F项。20.上文“ManypeopleinChinahavelimitedexposuretoEnglish.(许多中国人很少能接触到英

语)”说明对某些人来说学习英语的门槛较高；下文描述通过postcrossing可以帮助这些人学习英语；B选项“Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit.(这使得学习和练习它变得格外困难)”说明接触英语渠道少导致中国人学习和训练的机会就

少，符合此处语境。故选B项。5.(2021年新高考II卷)Iftheonlyreadingyoueverdoisthenovelormagazine,thespeedatwhichyouread-probablydoesnotmatterverymuch.Butifyouhave

toreadagreatdealforstudy,youwillappreciatethebenefitsofbeingabletoreadmorequickly.____16____·Beforey

ouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.Youneedaseatwhichsupportsyourbackandthebookshouldbeattherightdistancefromyoureyes

.____17________18____Lookatthetableofcontents,thepreface,thechapterheading,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutodecidewhetheryour

eallyneedtoreadthewholebookoronlycertainpartsofit.Tenminutesspentinthiswaycouldsaveyouquitealotoftimeinthelongrun.Ifyou

decidethatyouneedtoreadthewholebook,decidehowmuchyoucanreadatatime.____19____Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasier

toreadthanonedealingwithscientificsubjects.Intheformercaseyoumaybeabletoreadachapter.Inthelatteryoumayonlybeabletorea

donepage.Alwayskeepapencilandpaperbesideyou.____20____Notealsothefactsimportantforyourpurposeaswellasa

nythingwhichleadsyoutofurtherresearch.Youdon'thavetowritethesethingsindetail.Itisenoughtoputthepagenumberandoneort

wowordsasareminder.A.Stoptohavearestnowandthen.B.Spendafewminuteslookingthroughthebook.C.Thisdependsonthetypeofbookyouarereading.D.Her

earesometipstohelpimproveyourreadingspeed.E.Makeanoteofanypagewhichisofspecialimportance.F.Youmayfindy

ourselfhavingtolearnsomethingbyheart.G.Keeptheroomcoolratherthanwarmtoavoidfeelingsleepy.【答案】16.D17.G18.B19.C20.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说

明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。【16题详解】根据上文“Iftheonlyreadingyoueverdoisthenovelormagazine,thespeedatwhichyouread-probablydoesnotmatterverymuch.Butifyouha

vetoreadagreatdealforstudy,youwillappreciatethebenefitsofbeingabletoreadmorequickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，

你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Herearesometipstohelpimproveyourreadingspeed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。

故选D。【17题详解】根据本段主题句“Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.（在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。）”可知，本段主要说明要给自己创造舒适的阅读环境。G项：Keeptheroomcoolratherthanwarm

toavoidfeelingsleepy.（保持房间凉爽而不是温暖以避免困倦。）符合语境。故选G。【18题详解】空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Lookatthetableofcontents,theprefac

e,thechapterheading,etc（查看目录、前言、章节标题等。）”可知，本段主要讲述在阅读一本书之前要先浏览一下大致内容。B项：Spendafewminuteslookingthroughthebook.（花几分钟浏览一下这本书。）符合语境。故选B。【19题详解】根据

上文“Ifyoudecidethatyouneedtoreadthewholebook,decidehowmuchyoucanreadatatime.（如果你决定要读完整本书，决定一下你一次能读多少。）”和下

文“Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasiertoreadthanonedealingwithscientificsubjects.（以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅

读。）”可知，看书时间的长短取决于书的类型。C项：Thisdependsonthetypeofbookyouarereading.（这取决于你读的书的类型。）符合语境。故选C。【20题详解】根据段落主题句“Alwayskeepapencilandpaperbesideyou

.（总是在身边放一支铅笔和一张纸。）”可知，本段强调要随时注意记笔记。E项：Makeanoteofanypagewhichisofspecialimportance.（把任何有特别重要的一页都记下来。

）符合语境。故选E。6.(2021年浙江卷1月)Yourunintothegrocerystoretopickuponebottleofwater.Yougetwhatyouneed,headtothefro

nt,andchoosethelinethatlooksfastest.Youchosewrong.Peoplewhoyousweargotinotherlineslongafteryouarealreadycheckedoutandofftotheparkinglot.___11___

Itturnsout,it’sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckouttogeta

lltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.___12___Anysmallinterruption-apricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentirelin

e.Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:____13____Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlinep

robablyismovingfaster.Researchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.Makeallcustomersstandinonelong,snakingline-calledaserpentineline-andserveeac

hpersonatthefrontwiththenextavailableregister.___14___Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestaurants.Withaserpentinel

ine,alongdelayatoneregisterwon'tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonealittlebitbutspeedu

pcheckoutoverall.____15____Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan'taffordthespaceormanpower.Sowhereveryou

rnextwaitmaybe:Goodluck.A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemayhavesto

odinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabi

litythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,the

systemgetsparticularlybusy.【答案】11．A12．G13．D14．F15．B【导语】本文是说明文。文章说明了杂货店排队方式以及研究人员提出的蛇形队伍的新方式，并分析了各自的利弊。11．根据下文“Itt

urnsout,it’sjustmathworkingagainstyou;chancesare,theotherlinereallyisfaster.(原来，这只是你的数学问题；很可能，另一个队伍真的更快)”解释了上文“Youchosewrong.(你选错了)”的原因，下文与空格处

是因果关系，所以本空应该是对前文选错提出疑惑，A选项“Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?(为什么这种事总是发生在你身上?)”符合文意，故选A项。12．根据上文“Grocerystorestrytohaveenoughemployeesatcheckou

ttogetalltheircustomersthroughwithminimumdelay.(杂货店尽量让足够的员工在结账时让所有的顾客以最小的延误完成结账)”解释了杂货店之前的工作模式，下文“Anysmall

interruptionapricecheck,achattycustomer-canhavedownstreameffects,holdingupanentireline.(任何一个小小的中断，一个价格检查，一个喋喋不休的顾客，

都会产生下游效应，拖住整个生产线)”描述了杂货店的特殊情况，故本空应该填出现特殊情况的原因，G项“Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.(但有时，比如在周日

下午，系统会变得特别繁忙)”，与此呼应。故选G项。13．根据上文“Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.(如果杂货店中有三

列队伍，延迟将在不同的队伍中随机发生)”联系下文“Soit’snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.(所以这不仅仅是在你的脑海里：另一条队伍可能移动得更快)”可知本空说的是任何一个队伍都有可能出现问题。你的队伍跑得最

快的几率只有三分之一。D项“Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.(你的线路是最快的几率只有三分之一)”与此对应。故选D项。14．根据“上文Res

earchershaveagoodwaytodealwiththisproblem.(我们得知研究人员有一个很好的方法来处理这个问题)”以及下文“Thisiswhattheydoatmostbanksandfast-foodrestauran

ts.Withaserpentineline,alongdelayatoneregisterwon’tunfairlypunishthepeoplewholinedupbehindit.Instead,itwillslowdowneveryonelittlebitbutspeed

upcheckoutoverall.(这个大多数银行和快餐店都是这样做的。有了一条蜿蜒的队伍，在一个登记处长时间拖延不会不公平地惩罚后面排队的人。相反，它会减慢每个人一点点，但加快了整体结帐速度)”说明这个新方案迅速有效，联系上下文可知，空格中

应该是与旧的结账方案作比较。F项“Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.(由于有三个寄存器，这种方法比传统方法

要快得多)”与此对应。故选F项。15．结合下文“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemovingquickly,andsomestorescan’taffordthespaceorma

npower.(要保持一条生产线的快速运转，需要很多的收银机，而且有些商店负担不起空间和人力)”说明了一个原因，由此可知，空格处提出了一个问题；通过“Ittakesmanyregisterstokeeponelinemov

ingquickly.(保持一条生产线的快速运转)”可知这里描述的是不鼓励蛇形队伍的原因。B项“Sowhydon’tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?(那么，为什么大多数地方不鼓励使用蛇形线条呢？)”解释

了该原因。故选B项。7.(2021年北京卷)Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople．____35____Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusicca

n'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes．____36____However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifonei

sinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peoplesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmu

sicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed．____37____Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktob

loodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearchers，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，thro

ughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcomestohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogo

odforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．____38____Ontheothe

rhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipants'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofoll

owsuit．____39____Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whi

chiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A.Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B.Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistoolo

ud．C.Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D.Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．

E.Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F.Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G

.Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【答案】35.F36.B37.D38.G39.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的

好处。【35题详解】空格后说“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizede

ffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照应了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。【36题详解】空格后说“However，forthesamereason，musicc

anbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Someexpertssaythatmusi

ccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。【37题详解】空格前说“Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松

的音乐），D选项Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和goingtobed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。【38题详解】空格前

说“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参

与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heart

rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。【39题详解】空格后说“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichi

swhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimp

ressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com