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高中英语语法讲解：名词性从句一、概念名词性从句在句子中起名词作用，它在整个句子中能担任主语、宾语、表语或同位语。根据它在句中充当的不同成分，名词性从句可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句。没有主语从句、宾语从句/表语从句，整个句子就缺

少了主语/宾语/表语，句子结构不完整；没有同位语从句，句子结构完整，但句意不完整。注：区别于定语从句（形容词性从句）：限制性定语从句相当于一个形容词，修饰主句中的某个名词，做它的定语；非限制性定语从句，几乎完全独立于主句，没有定从，虽然句意不一定完整，但句子结构仍然完整。Ikno

wthegirlwhoisreadingoverthere.Hecamehomesafeandsound,whichwasagreatrelieftohisfamily.二、4类连接词&注意点1．that（1）连接主句与从句（2）无

意义（3）不做从句中的成分（4）能否省略2．if/whether（1）连接（2）表“是否”（3）不做成分（4）whether与if区别3．疑问代词what,who,whom,which&whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever（1）连接（

2）表不同含义（3）做从句中的重要成分4．疑问副词when,where,why,how（1）连接（2）表不同含义（3）做从句中的状语三、四种名词性从句1．主语从句（1）普通主语从句Thatheisstil

laliveissheerluck.注：that位于句首引导主从，一定不省。Whethertheplanispracticableremainstobeseen.Whatweneedaremanyinstructivebooks.Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney

.注：主从做主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数，但what引导的主从，根据后面表语的意义一致原则。Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldisnotclear.WhenTomwillcomeandwhatLucywillsayarenotclear.注：一套主谓结构谓语动词用单

数，两套则用复数。Whichteamwillwinishardtopredict.Howhemadesuchalargefortuneisstillamystery.（2）用it做形式主语为（避免头重脚轻）的主语从句，常见句型有：Itisapi

ty/ashame/nowonder/apleasure/anhonor/afact/commonsense/nthat…Itishigh/abouttimethat…Itisthefirst/second/...timethat…Itisobvious/strange/ne

cessary/vital/essential/natural/notuncommon/likely/adjthat...Itissaid/reported/announced/believed/estimatedexpected/recommended/ppthat…Itha

ppensthat…；Itturnedoutthat…Itoccurto/dawnon/hit/strikesbthat…Itdoesn’tmatterthat/whether/how…注：连接代词一般不用it做形式主语，e.g.Whathesaidintereste

dmegreatly.2．宾语从句：（1）做及物动词的宾语Idon’tknowwhathisnameis.（2）做介词的宾语MyteacherwassatisfiedwithwhatIdid.Thefilmremindedmeofhowmygrandmabroughtmeup.Atwh

atIthinkistheappropriatetime,Iwilltellyouallthetruth.注：介词后面的宾从一般不用that引导，但inthat和exceptthat是例外Hediffer

edfromhisclassmatesinthathedevotedallhissparetimetoreading.IknownexttonothingaboutTomexceptthathecomesf

romtheUS.（3）放表语形容词后的宾语从句Iamgladthatyoumakeittomyparty.Sheisnotsurewhatwillhappennext.（4）it做形式宾语YoumaydependonitthatIwillalwayscometoyouraid.（介词后宾从

）Iwillseetoitthateverythinggoessmoothly.Ioncetookitforgrantedthatmyparentsputmyneedsfirst.（动词+宾语+宾补结构）IwanttomakeitclearthatIwillneveracceptyourmo

ney.Theythink/consideritimpossiblethathousepriceswilleverdrop.Ilike/hateitwhen…；Iwouldappreciateitif…（句型）注1：一个动词或介词后接一个以

上宾从时，第一个宾从的that可省，第二个开始的that不可省Iforgot(that)myresearchpaperwasdueonTuesdayandthatIhadleftitunfinishedsincelastFriday.注2：宾从

时态一般与主句时态呼应，客观真理自然现象除外。Inthemiddleage,peopledidn’tbelievethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.注3：否定前移Idon’tthinkheisfitforthejob,ishe?

3．表语从句：（1）be+表从Theproblemisthathehasneverbeentoanothercountryalone.表从中that一般不省。Myquestionwaswhysheturnedmyinvitationdown.（2）句型：looks/se

ems/appears+asif/though…,“看起来似乎好像”Helooksasifhekneweverything.(与事实相反，虚拟)Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin.(与事实相符，真实)（3）句型：that/thisiswhy/beca

use…,“这是因为/…的原因”Hewaslateforschoolyesterday.Thatwasbecausehewasill.Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhewaslateforschool.4．同位

语从句解释说明“某些抽象名词”的具体内容：news,word(单数:消息),belief,idea(主意),thought(想法),fact,truth,plan,notice(通知),promise等比较特殊的有：doubt（有/无

关于…的疑问）,possibility/chance（有/无…的可能性）,evidence（证据表明）。Iagreewithyourplanthatwesetouttomorrowmorning.Wordcamethathesurvivedthewa

r.ThereisnoevidencethatlivesexistonMars.注：“无疑问/很确定”连接词用that；“有疑问/不确定”用whetherIhavenodoubtthat…同位从；Thereissomedoubtwhether…同位从=Itiscertainthat…主从；It

isuncertainwhether…主从四、细节考点1.从句语序：（1）陈述句语序，Idon’tknowwhatyourplanis.特例：Herefusestotellmewhatisthematter.（2）主句是疑问句用疑问语序，从句仍用陈述

句语序Whatdoyouthinkheisdoing?Whatyouthinkheisdoing?(X)Whatdoyouthinkishedoing?(X)（3）名从中套强调句的情况下的疑问词放在最前面Idon’tknowwhatitwasthatmadehiman

gry.Idon’tknowitwaswhatthatmadehimangry.(X)2.连接词that的省略总结：（1）只有“vt+宾从”中引导第一个从句的that可以省略；（2）其他“一般不省”（如表从、it做形式主语的主从）；（3）或者“一定不能省”

（放句首的主从、同位从、介词宾从、动词宾从的第二三四…个从句中）3.连接词whether/if的区别：a.只有三种情况whether/if都可以：（1）动词后的宾从中（vt除去discuss，decide,depend）

Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.（2）it做形式主语的主从中Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallattendthemeeting.（3）whether/if…ornot分开时Idon’tknow

whether/ifhewillcomeornottonightb.其他情况只用whether不用if：（1）放句首的主从Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.（2）介词后的宾从Iamskepticalabou

twhetherhewilltellthetruth.（3）表从Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.（4）同位从Idarenotaskthequestionwhethe

rshelikesmeornot.（5）whetherornot紧密相连时Idon’tknowwhetherornothewillcometonight.（6）whether+todo不定式Weareuncertainwhetherto

leaveheretomorrow.4.表示“建议，命令，要求”的词（如suggest/suggestion,propose/proposal,recommend/recommendation,require/requirement,order,demand等）构成的宾从、表从、同位从

中用should虚拟语气，should可省略，表示“某人应该做某事”之意Isuggestthatyoushouldadoptthenewteachingmethod.Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldadoptthenewteachingmethod.D

oyouagreewithmysuggestionthatthenewteachingmethodshouldbeadopted?5.who,whom和whoever,whomever的区别who是“谁”的意思，表疑问；whoever表"无论谁、任何…的人”，相当于anyonewh

o，无疑问意味。Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.“无论谁最后离开房间”或“任何最后离开房间的人”Haveyoudecidedwhomyouaretonominatea

syourcandidate?Youcangivethetickettowhomeveryoulike.你可以把票给任何你想给的人。Themanagerhasdecidedtoput_________het

hinksisenergeticandcleverinthepositionoftheleadershipofthecompany.6.which+n与what+n的区别：WhicheverteamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtot

henationalchampionships.(which表示“哪一个”，有选择范围)Idon’tknowwhatdifficultyhehasgonethrough.（whatdifficulty表示“什么困难”，无选择范围）Whicheveron

eofyourepresentsourclasstoattendtheconferenceshouldbehavewell.7.how与what的区别Hemadeusawareofwhatdifficultsituationwewerefacing.Whatsom

eteenagersdon'trealizeishowdifficultlifecanbeaftertheygetaddictedtodrugs.（感叹句）8.疑问词+ever与nomatter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever既可引导名词性从

句，也可引导让步状语从句，而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.=WhereverIgo,myheartistowardsChina.Ibelievewhate

verhesays.=/=Ibelievenomatterwhathesays.(X)9.疑问代词what的各种引申含义【难点】【基本】：译“什么”，表疑问Whathisnameisremainsamystery.Hemadeusawareofwhatdifficul

tsituationwewerefacing.【引申】：what在名从中充当重要成分,可根据语境翻译为不同含义，无疑问意味，如（1）“…的东西或事情”，（2）“…的时间”，（3）“…的地方”，（4）“…的人或样子”，（5）“（倍数句中）…的数目/大小”等等。（1）Patienceiswhat

ittakestobeagoodteacher.（2）Afterwhatseemedlikeanhour,Tomfinallymadethechoice.（3）Tallbuildingsarebeingbuiltinwhatwasfarmlandbefore.（4）H

iswife’sloveandsupporthasmadehimwhatheistoday.Thetownisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago.Sheiswhatisconsideredasanosy

(爱打听)person.Sheisdyingtoknowotherpeople’ssecrets.（5）Ourincomeisnow3timeswhatitwastenyearsago.10疑问副词where的比喻引申含义【难点】【基本】：译“哪里”，表

疑问Wherehelivesremainsamystery.【引申比喻义】：译“…的地方”，无疑问含义---IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.---That’swhereIdon’tagree.Yous

houldhaveamoreactivelife.（我不同意的地方）Thatiswhereyouaremistaken.Thisiswhereyourproblemlies.NewYorkiswherethebestjobsar

e.Thedoctorinchargesaysthat'swheretoomuchdrinkingandpoordietlead.Michaeldecidedtosetoffforwherehisdreamledhim.---Haveyoufinishedthebook?---No.I

’vereaduptowherethechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.（发现神秘洞穴的地方/章节）11.其他（1）定从与同位从的区别Iwasdelightedatthenewsthatourteamhadwon.（同位从是结构与意义都完整的句子，that不做

成分）Iwasdelightedatthenews(that)Iheardontheradio.（定从中缺少重要成分，由that充当）（2）3个同义句型转换ItisknowntoallthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.（it做形式主语的主从）=Asiskn

owntoall,ChinahasjoinedtheWTO.（as引导的非限制定从）=WhatisknowntoallisthatChinahasjoinedtheWTO.（主从+表从）（3）定从与名从的转换Jerrytoldus

whathehadseenabroad.名从=Jerrytoldusallthathehadseenabroad.定从Whoeveranswersthequestioncorrectlywillgetagift.名从=Anyonewhoanswersthequestioncorrectlyw

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