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英语试题第1页（共10页）浙江省Lambda联盟2024年5月高三模拟考试英语试题卷考生须知：本试卷共8页，24小题。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。1.考生答题前，务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸上。2.选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题

卡上对应题目的答案标号黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共

两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选

项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C。1.Whenwillthemanarriveattheparty?A.At7:30.B.At8

:00.C.At8:30.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodrink?A.Orangejuice.B.Coffee.C.Hotchocolate.3.Whatdidthemanplantodoon

March1st?A,Applyforsomeclasses.B.Callthetravelagent.C.Gotothemountains.4.Whatarethespeakersprobablyd

oing?A.Unpackingabox.B.Loadingacar.C.Buyingasuitcase.5.Whatrelationisthemantothewoman?A.Hercustomer.B.Herco-worker.C.Herboss.第二节（共15小

题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有10秒钟的时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间

。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heishard-working.B.Helikesmakingthings.C.Hepaid$50forthebookcase.7.Whatdidthemandoi

ntheend?A.Hetoldajoke.B.Hemadeafutureplan.C.Heaskedthewomanforhelp.绝密★启用前{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRF

ABAA=}#}英语试题第2页（共10页）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatcouldthemanbe?A.Asupermarketmanager.B.Apoliceman.C.Ahotelclerk.9.Wheredoesthewomanthink

shelosthercellphone?A.Inataxi.B.Inasupermarket.C.Inapark.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhatwasProf.Stone’sgrandfatherafraidof?A.L

eavinghishome.B.Partingfromhisson.C.Takingearlyretirement.11.WhatdoesoldagemeantomanyelderlyAmericans?A.Lackofmo

ralsupport.B.Lossofself-worth.C.Changeoflivinghabits.12.WhatwillProf.Stonetalkaboutnextconcerningelderlypeople?A.Publicservicesth

eyaskfor.B.Healthcareavailabletothem.C.Contributionstheycanmake.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatdoesthewomangivethemanfirst?A.Her

passport.B.Herticket.C.Hername.14.Wheredoesthewomanasktosit?A.Infirstclass.B.Bythewashroom.C.Nearthewalkway.15.Whattime

isitnow?A.9:20.B.9:30.C.9:40.16.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Rushed.B.Grateful.C.Confused.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatpositivenewsdothescienti

stsreportregardinglow-carbontechnologies?A.Theusageoflow-carbontechnologieshasincreased.B.Thecostsofmanykey

low-carbontechnologieshavefallendramatically.C.Theefficiencyoflow-carbontechnologieshasimprovedsignificantly.1

8.Whatisamajorconcernhighlightedbyobserversregardingthereport?A.Therelianceonexistingtechnologies.B.Thelackofgovernmentpolicies.C.Thedependencyonnewt

echnologiestoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.19.Howdothesuggestedpersonalactionsforreducingemissionsalsobenefitindividual

healthaccordingtothereport?A.Theypromotehealthierlifestylechoices.B.Theyreducerelianceonpharmaceuticals.

C.Theyincreaseawarenessofenvironmentalissues.20.Whyistherelianceonnewcarbondioxideremovaltechnologiesconsideredproblematic?A

.Theyarenotwidelyacceptedbythescientificcommunity.B.Theyarestillveryexpensiveandatanearlystageofdevelopment.C

.Theyhaveanegativeimpactontheenvironment.{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第3页（共10页）第二部分阅读理解（共两节

，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFacebook’sBigOutage—Understandingthe

Internet'sComplexMachineryAt15:51UTC,wedetectedasignificantissue:“FacebookDNSlookupreturningSERVFAIL

.”ThiserrorsuggestedthatourDNSresolver,1.1.1.1,mightbemalfunctioning.However,thesituationwasmoreseriou

sthanweinitiallythought.Socialmediawasabuzzwithactivity,andourengineersconfirmedthatFacebook,WhatsApp,andInstagramwereallexperiencinganout

age.ItappearedasiftheseplatformshadbeenabruptlydisconnectedfromtheInternet.ThiswasnotasimpleDNSproblem;itwasasignofamuchlarger

issue.Facebooklaterrevealedthatachangeintheirinternalconfigurationhadcausedawidespreaddisrup⁃tion,affectingnotj

usttheirservicesbutalsotheabilityoftheirstafftorestorenormalopera⁃tions.DelvingintoBGPBGP,orBorderGatewayProtocol,isacri

ticalcomponentoftheInternet'sinfrastructure.It'sthesystemthatallowstheInternet'srouterstocommunicateanddeterm

inethemosteffi⁃cientroutesfordatatotravel.Essentially,BGPistheInternet'sGPS,guidingdatapacketstotheirdestinations.IfanetworklikeFacebookstop

susingBGPtoannounceitspresence,itbe⁃comesinvisibleandunreachableontheInternet.TheRippleEffectAt15:58UTC,w

eobservedthatFacebookhadceasedannouncingitsDNSroutes.ThismeantthatDNSresolvers,whicharetheInternet’sdirectoryassi

stance,couldnolongerfindtheIPaddressesforFacebook'sservices.Asaresult,attemptstoaccessFacebook.comands

imilardomainsfailed.Thisfailuretriggeredachainreaction.Withnoresolutionpossible,DNSresolversworld⁃wid

ebegantoexperienceanunprecedentedsurgeinqueries,asbothautomatedsystemsandusersrepeatedlytriedtoaccessthenow-unavailableservices.T

hissurgenotonlystrainedtheDNSinfrastructurebutalsoaffectedotheronlineplatformsasuserssoughtinformationandal⁃ternat

ives.TheInterconnectedWebTheday'seventsunderscoredtheInternet'scomplexityandthedelicatebalanceofsys⁃temsandprotocolsthatkeep

itrunning.It'savast,interconnectedecosystemthatreliesonmutualtrust,standardization,andcollaborationamo

ngitsvariouscomponentstoservenearlyfivebillionusersglobally.TheResolutionandBeyondBy21:00UTC,webegantoseesignsofrecoveryasBGPactivityfromF

acebook'snet⁃workresumed.Thisactivitypeakedat21:17UTC,indicatingthatFacebookwasactivelywork⁃ingtorestoreitsservices.By21:20UTC,theDNSfor“f

acebook.com”wasonceagainavail⁃ableonourresolver,1.1.1.1,andby21:28UTC,itappearedthatFacebookwasbackonline,withDNSfunctioningnormall

y.WhileFacebook,WhatsApp,andInstagrammayhavetakensometimetoreturntofulloperation,theincidentservedasastarkreminderoftheInternet'sinterdependencean

dtheimportanceofrobustinfrastructure.21.WhatwastheinitialindicationofaproblemwithFacebook'sservices?A.Adecreaseinuse

ractivityonsocialmediaplatformsB.TheappearanceofaerrorinDNSlookupsforFacebookC.AsuddenincreaseintraffictocompetingsocialmediasitesD.Re

portsofphysicaldamagetoFacebook'sdatacenters{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#

}英语试题第4页（共10页）22.WhatroledoesBGPplayinthefunctioningoftheInternet?A.ItmanagesthedistributionofInternetcontenttousers

B.ItprovidessecurityforonlinetransactionsC.IthelpsroutersfindthemostefficientpathfordatatotravelD.ItregulatesthespeedofInter

netconnectionsworldwide23.WhydidtheoutageatFacebookleadtoasignificantincreaseinDNStraffic?A.Becauseuserswere

attemptingtoaccessFacebook'scompetitors,whichresultedinanelevatednumberofDNSqueriesforthoseplatforms.B.BecauseDNSresolverscouldnotresol

veFacebook'sdomainnames,leadingtore⁃peatedqueriesC.BecauseacyberattackspecificallytargetedtheDNSinfrastructure,whichincreasedthevolumeof

requeststoDNSresolversforresolution.D.BecausetheFacebookoutageindirectlycausedphysicaldamagetotheglobalDNSnet⁃work,necessitatingahighe

rnumberofqueriestoDNSresolverstofindalternativeroutes.BFiftyyearsafterLilianaCavani'sfilmTheNightPorterwasrele

asedtowidespreadcriti⁃caldisgust,howhaveviewsofitchanged?“TowriteapoemafterAuschwitzisbarbaric,”wrotetheGermantheoristTheodo

rAdorno,suggestinginhis1949essayCulturalCriticismandSocietythatartisticexpressionhadbeenrenderedinadequateasatooltounderstand

realityaftertheHolocaust.Inher1974filmTheNightPorter,ItaliandirectorLilianaCavanichallengedthistheory,takingittoitslogica

lextreme.SheusedaconcentrationcampasthesettingtoexploreacrazedsexualbondbetweenanadolescentprisonerandanSScomman

dant,andhow,yearslater,thispsychologi⁃calpoisonhaspervadedtheirsouls.Amidthefuroreafteritsrelease—whichincludedintenselynegativereviewsand

anat⁃temptedbanbytheItalianratingsboard—withtypicalnonchalance,CavanitoldTheNewYorkTimes:“Thisisnothingcomparedtothenumberlesscoupl

eswhoteareachotherapartpsychologically.”Halfacenturyon,however,doesTheNightPorterstillseemlikeaprovocationthatplumbsthedepthsofbadtaste?Withthefilm

'srecentrestorationandre-releases,aswellasrenewedconversationsaroundcinematicdepictionsoftheHolocaust,manyhave

revisitedthefilmandremainunimpressedbyitscontent.OthersareperhapsseeingthefilmmoreasLili⁃anaCavanioriginallyintended:asanarti

sticreflectionofhowsexualobsessioncanbefascis⁃ticinitstunnel-visionedferocity.Cavaniherselfputitmoresimply:“lovecomesalway

swithapricetopay.”TheNightPorterissetinViennain1957,whereaformerNazicommandant,Max(DirkBogarde),worksinanupmarkethot

el.There,heclasheswithformerSScolleagueswhoaredeterminedtopurgethemselvesofanyshameabouttheirrolesintheFinalSolutionandelimi⁃nateanysurvivingwitness

es.Max,however,wouldratherforgethispastandmoveon,livinghislifequietly,hesays,"asachurchmouse."Hiscarefulworld

isupendedwhenLucia(CharlotteRampling),nowmarriedtoanAmericancomposer,walksintohishotellobby—theverywomanhesexuallyabusedwh

ileshewasaprisonerinhiscamp,andwithwhomheen⁃teredintoasadomasochisticrelationship.Reunitedoncemore,theirtwistedfol

ieàdeuxre⁃sumesandaferventdebasementbegins—now,onbothsides.24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestreflectstheauthor

'sperspectiveonthefilm'spor⁃trayaloftheHolocaust?A.ThefilmisadisrespectfulandexploitativerepresentationoftheHolocaust.B.Thefilmisacomplexandabstr

actexplorationofNaziideologyandsexualtaboos.{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第5页（共10页）C.Thef

ilmisastraightforwardhistoricalaccountoftheHolocaust.D.Thefilmisaromanticizeddepictionofloveduringthe

Holocaust.25.Inthecontextofthearticle,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheterm"sadomasochis⁃tic"?A.Aformofpsychologicaltherapy.B.Atypeof

artisticexpression.C.Arelationshipdynamiccharacterizedbytheexchangeofpainandpleasure.D.AhistoricalaccountofeventsduringWorldWarII.

26.Whatisthemainargumentofthosewhodefendthefilm'sartisticmerit?A.ThefilmprovidesarealisticportrayaloftheHolocaust.B.Thefilm

'scontroversialnaturegeneratesimportantdiscussions.C.Thefilmisasuccessfulexampleofthe"Nazisploitation"genre.D.Thefilm'splotandcharacterdevelop

mentarehighlyoriginal.27.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthearticle?A."TheNightPorter:ACinematicControversy"B

."LilianaCavani:TheDirectorWhoChallengedArt"C."LoveandEvil:TheComplexThemesofTheNightPorter"D."TheHol

ocaustonFilm:AHistoryofCinematicPortrayals"CHowcanonepersonenjoygoodhealth,whileanotherpersonlooksoldbeforehe

rtime?Humanshavebeenaskingthisquestionforthousandsofyears,andrecently,it'sbecomingclearerandclearertoscientiststh

atthedifferencesbetweenpeople’sratesofaginglieinthecomplexinteractionsamonggenes,socialrelationships,environmentsandlifestyles.Eventhoughyouwer

ebornwithaparticularsetofgenes,thewayyoulivecaninfluencehowtheyexpressthemselves.Somelifestylefactorsmayeventurngenesonorshut

themoff.Deepwithinthegeneticheartofallourcellsaretelomeres,orrepeatingsegmentsofnon⁃codingDNAthatliveattheendsofthechromo

somes(染色体).Theyformcapsattheendsofthechromosomesandkeepthegeneticmaterialtogether.Shorteningwitheachcelldivision,theyhelpdetermin

ehowfastacellages.Whentheybecometooshort,thecellstopsdivid⁃ingaltogether.Thisisn'ttheonlyreasonacellcanage—thereareo

therstressesoncellswedon'tyetunderstandverywell—butshorttelomeresareoneofthemajorreasonshumancellsgrowold.We’vedevotedmostofourca

reerstostudyingtelomeres,andoneextraordinarydis⁃coveryfromourlabsisthattelomerescanactuallylengthen.Scientistshavelearne

dthatseveralthoughtpatternsappeartobeunhealthyfortelomeres,andoneofthemiscynicalhostility.Cynicalhostilityisdefinedbyhighang

erandfrequentthoughtsthatotherpeoplecannotbetrusted.Someonewithhostilitydoesn'tjustthink,“Ihatetostandinlonglin

es”;theythink,“Othersdeliberatelyspedupandbeatmetomyrightfulpositionintheline!”—andthengetviolentlyagitated.Pe

oplewhoscorehighonmea⁃suresofcynicalhostilitytendtogetmoreheartdisease,metabolicdiseaseandoftendieatyoun

gerages.Theyalsohaveshortertelomeres.InastudyofBritishcivilservants,menwhoscoredhighonmeasuresofcynicalhostilityhadshorterte

lomeresthanmenwhosehostilityscoreswerelow.Themosthostilemenwere30%morelikelytohaveshorttelomeres.Whatthismeans

:agingisadynamicprocessthatcouldpossiblybeacceleratedorslowed—and,insomeaspects,evenreversed.Toanextent,ithassurprisedus

andtherestofthescientificcommunitythattelomeresdonotsimplycarryoutthecommandsissuedbyyourgeneticcode.Yourtelo

meresarelisteningtoyou.Thefoodsyoueat,yourresponsetochallenges,theamountofexerciseyouget,andmanyotherfactorsappeartoinf

luenceyourtelomeresandcanpreventprematureagingatthecellularlevel.Oneofthekeystoenjoyinggoodhealthissimplydoingyourparttofoster

healthycellrenewal.{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第6页（共10页）28.Whyaresomelifestylefactorsconsideredextremelyi

mportant?A.Theymaydeterminehowgenesfunction.B.Theymayshortentheprocessofcelldivision.C.Theymayaffectthelifespanoftelomeres.D.Theymaya

ccountforthestressesoncells.29.Whathavetheauthorandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredabouttelomeres?A.Theirnumberaffectsthegrowth

ofcells.B.Theirlengthdeterminesthequalityoflife.C.Theirshorteningprocesscanbereversed.D.Theirhealthimpactsthedivisionofcells.30.Whathave

scientistslearnedaboutcynicalhostility?A.Itmayleadtoconfrontationalthoughtpatterns.B.Itmaycausepeopletolosetheirtemperfrequently.C.Itm

ayproduceanadverseeffectontelomeres.D.Itmaystirupagitationamongthoseinlonglines.31.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraphabouttheprocessofaging?

A.Itmayvaryfromindividualtoindividual.B.Itchallengesscientiststoexplorefurther.C.Itdependsonone’sgeneticcode.D.Itmaybeco

ntrolledtoadegree.DInthelatenineteenthcentury,artcriticsregardedseventeenth-centuryDutchpaintingsasdirectreflectionsofrealit

y.Thepaintingswerediscussedasanindexofthedemocracyofasocietythatchosetorepresentitsclass,action,andoccupationsexactly

astheywere,wide-rangingrealismwasseenasthegreataccomplishmentofDutchart.However,theachievementofmorerecentstudyofDutcharthasbeentherecov

eryofthefactthatsuchpaintingsaretobetakenassymbolizingmortality,therenaissanceofearthlylife,andthepowerofGod,andasmessagethatrangefromt

hemildlymoralizingtothefirmlydidactic.Howexplicitandcon⁃sistentthesymbolizingprocesswasintendedtobeisamuchthorniermatter,b

utanyonewhohasmorefamiliaritythanapassingacquaintancewithDutchliteratureorwiththekindsofim⁃agesusedinillustratedbooks(aboveallemblembooks)willkn

owhowmuchlesspervasivewasthehabitofinvestingordinaryobjectsthanofinvestingsceneswithmeaningthatgobe⁃yondtheirsurfaceandout

wardappearance.Inthemid-1960s,EddydeJonghpublishedanextraordinaryarrayofmaterial—especiallyfromtheemblembooksandvernacularliterature—thatco

nfirmedtheunreliabilityoftakingDutchpicturesatsurfacevaluealone.Themajordifficulty,however,withthefindingsofcriticssuchasdeJo

nghisthatitisnoteasytoassessthemultiplicityoflevelsinwhichDutchviewersinterpretedthesepictures.DeJongh'sfollowerstypicallyregardt

hepicturesaspurelysymbolic.NoteveryobjectwithinDutchpaintingsneedbeinterpretedintermsoftheglossgiventoi

tsequivalentrepresenta⁃tionintheemblembooks.NoteveryfootwarmeristobeinterpretedintermsofthefootwarmerinRowmerVissc

her'sSinnepoppenof1614,noteverybridleisanemblemofre⁃straint(thoughmanywereindeedjustthat).TomaintainasBrowndoes,that

thetwochildreninNetscher'spaintingALadyTeach⁃ingaChildtoReadstandforindustryandidlenessistofailtounderstandthatthepaintinghasavarietyofpossiblem

eanings,eventhoughthepictureundoubtedlycarriersunmistakablesymbolicmeanings,too.ModernArthistoriansmaywellfindthediscoveryofpara

llelsbe⁃tweenapaintingandaspecificemblemexciting,theymay,likeseventeenth-centuryviewers,searchforthedoublethatliebehindmanypaintin

gs.Butseventeenth-centuryresponsecanhardlybereducedtothelevelofformula.Tosuggestotherwiseistoimplyalab

oriousnessof{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第7页（共10页）mentalprocessthatmaywellcharacterizemoderninterpretations

ofseventeenth-centuryDutchArt,butthatwas,forthemostpart,notcharacteristicintheseventeenthcentury.32.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithwhichofthefol

lowing?A.ReconcilingtwodifferentpointsofviewabouthowartreflectsB.CriticizingatraditionalmethodofinterpretationC.Describi

ngandevaluatingarecentcriticalapproachD.Describingalong-standingcontroversyandhowitwasresolved.33.Theauthorofthepassagementionsbridlesinth

ehighlightedportionofthepassagemostlikelyinorderto.A.SuggestthatrestraintwasonlyoneofthemanysymbolicmeaningsattachedtobridlesB.Provideane

xampleofaneveryday,physicalobjectthatwasnotendowedwithsym⁃bolicmeaningC.Provideanexampleofanobjectthatmoderncriticshaveendowedwithsymbolicmean⁃i

ngdifferentfromthemeaningassigneditbyseventeenth-centuryDutchartistsD.Provideanexampleofanobjectwithsymbolicmeaningt

hatwasnotalwaysusedasasymbol34.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthelastparagraphofthepassage?A.Itprovidesspecificappli

cationsofthecriticalapproachintroducedintheprecedingparagraphB.Itpresentacaveataboutthecriticalapproachdiscusse

dintheprecedingparagraphC.ItpresentstheresearchonwhichatheorypresentedintheprecedingparagraphisbasedD.Itrefutesatheorypresentedinthepr

ecedingparagraphandadvocatesareturntoamoretraditionalapproach.35.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutemblembooksinsev

enteenth-centuryHolland?A.TheyconfirmthatseventeenthcenturyDutchpaintingdepictsomeobjectsandscenesrarelyfoundindailylife

.B.Theyaremoreusefulthanvernacularliteratureinprovidinginformationaboutthesym⁃boliccontentofseventeenth-centuryDutchpainting.C.T

heyhavebeenmisinterpretedbyartcritics,suchasdeJongh,whoclaimseventeenth-centuryDutchpaintingscontainsymbol

icmeaningD.Theycontainmaterialthatchallengestheassumptionsofthenineteenth-centurycriticsaboutseventeenth-centuryDutchpainting.第

二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。CanWeStopFoodLongingThroughImaginar

yEating?Areyoufightinganurgetoreachforchocolate?Then,letitmeltinyourmind,notinyourmouth.Accordingtothere

centresearch,imaginingeatingaspecificfoodreducesyourin⁃terestinthatfood,soyoueatlessofit.Thisreactiontorepeatedexposuretofood—beinglessinterested

insomethingbecauseyou’veexperiencedittoomuch—iscalledhabituation.36Theresearchisthefirsttoshowthathabituatio

ncanoccurthroughthepowerofthemind.“Ifyoujustthinkaboutthefooditself—howittastesandsmells—thatwillincreaseyourappetite,”saidCareyMorew

edge,awell-knownpsychologist.“Itmightbebettertoforceyour⁃selftorepeatedlythinkaboutchewingandswallowingthefoodinordertoredu

ceyourlong⁃ing.387Visualizingyourselfeatingchocolatewouldn’tpreventyoufromeatinglotsofcheese,”headded.Morewedgecondu

ctedaninterestingexperiment.51subjectsweredividedintothreegroups.{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第8页（共10页）

Onegroupwasaskedtoimagineputting30coinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneatingthreechocolates.38Anothergroupwasaskedtoimagineputtingthreecoinsintoalaundr

ymachineandtheneating30chocolates.Lastly,acontrolgroupimaginedjustputting33coinsintothemachine—withnochocolates

.39Whentheysaidtheyhadfinished,theseweretakenawayandweighed.Theresultsshowedthegroupthathadimaginedeating30chocolateseachatefewerofthechocol

atesthantheothergroups.40Physicalsignals—thatfullstomachfeeling—areonlypartofwhattellsuswe’vefinishedameal.Theresearchsuggeststh

atpsychologicaleffects,suchashabituation,alsoinfluencehowmuchapersoneats.Itmayleadtonewbehavioraltechniquesforpeop

lelookingtoeatmorehealthily,orhavecontroloverotherhabits.A.What’smore,thisonlyworkswiththespecificfoodyou’v

eimagined.B.Peoplewereadvisedtotrydifferentmethodstoperformtheexperiment.C.Forexample,atenthbiteisdesiredlessthanthefirstbite,according

tothestudy.D.Allofthemthenatefreelyfrombowlscontainingthesameamountofchocolateeach.E.Itmeantthosewhorepeatedlyimag

inedeatingwouldconcernaboutsomespecificfood.F.Thisrequiresthesamemotorskillsaseatingsmallchocolatesfromapacket,thestudysays.G.Thisstudyi

spartoftheresearchlookingintowhatmakesuseatmorethanweactu⁃allyneed.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D

四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Heisbetteratwords.Sheisbetteratsentences.Gamestheyliketoplayinvolvethefor⁃mer,andhewinsthevastmajorityofth

emthevastmajorityofthetime.Debatestheyfindthemselvesininvolvethelatter,andtherehasn’tbeenanoccasion(onrecord)

ofhimwin⁃ningoneformany,manyyears.Crosswords,Scrabble,thatnewgamewithgreenandyellowsquares,heexcelsat.Givensixtriestoguess

afive-letterword,heisquickertorecallwordswithoutrealvowels(shedoesn’tsupporttheideathat“Y”isavowel),andhehasthenervetoguesswordswithtripleletters,

like“fluff,”onthesecondtry.Ofcourse,sheknowswhatfluffis.It’seither41orthestuffingthatcomesoutofcheaptoys.Butit’snotawordshewouldhave

guessed.Indefenseof“Y”'svowelness,heasks,Whatabout“lynx”?Lynx?shereplies,incredulous.Whenhaveyoueverusedthataloud?Oh,look,overthere,

thatlynxisabouttopounceand42outmyheart!Sheiscertainthatanyper⁃soninsuchascenariowouldusetheword“bobcat.”Whatmostinfuriates

heristhepresumptionthatshemustbeawhizatwordsgivenher43asawriterofbooks.Sheisgiftedcalendarcrosswordpuzzles(yes,threehundredandsixty-fivetinycross

words,onesheetforeachday)everyDecember,andisoftendraggedintolongboutsofWordswithFriends.Inonegame,hescoresmorethanseventypoints

withawell-placed“Q.”Shelosesthatgamesoonenoughandtextshim,You’realwaysdoingstufflikethat,44thevalueofeachword.Butthat’showyo

uplay—thosearetherules,hereplies.Shecallsintoquestiontheserules:isthepointsystemforlettersreallybasedonfre

quency,orisitsomelargerinstitutional45ofmindcontrol?Herepeats,Butthosearetherules.Onherdarkestofwritingdays,she

takesthelastsentenceshewroteand46itupforpoints.Sheisimmenselydisappointed.Thenshestaresatthosecross⁃wordcalendars,andtheystareback.Thefiveshew

asgiftedthisholidayseason,plusseveralfromlastyear.Theysitalloverherdesklikeblindcats.Hundredsifnotthousandsof

empty{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第9页（共10页）47Sheoftenfindsherself48whetherherwritingskillsa

ctuallytranslatetosuccessingamesthatdemandlexicalagility.Despiteher49,shefindsthesegamesfrustrat⁃ingand50.

It'snotjustaboutknowingwords,shethinks,butaboutusingthem51.Herbrother,ontheotherhand,seemsto52thesenuances

naturally,pickingtheper⁃fectmomentstodrophistriple-letterbombs.Oneevening,shedecidestochallengehimtoagameof53,determin

edtoprovethatherskillscanextendbeyondthepage.Thegamestartsoffwellforher,witheachplayertradingclever,high-scoringwords.Bu

tsoon,hebeginstopullahead,54advantageofeverydoublewordscorespace,whileshestrugglestomakethemostofher55.41.A.nonsenseB.rubbi

shC.fluffD.trash42.A.pullB.ripC.tearD.drag43.A.hobbyB.professionC.occupationD.job44.A.guessingB.calculatingC.estimatingD.evaluating45.A.measureB.

metricC.methodD.calculation46.A.countsB.scoresC.sumsD.adds47.A.blocksB.gridsC.squaresD.letters48.A.wonderingB.doubtingC.guessing

D.knowing49.A.expertiseB.confusionC.frustrationD.anger50.A.demoralizingB.excitingC.boringD.enlightening51.A.strategicallyB.forcefullyC.liter

allyD.randomly52.A.ignoreB.missC.graspD.avoid53.A.BoggleB.ScrabbleC.ChessD.Checkers54.A.takingB.findingC.losingD.giving55.A.lettersB.skillsC.resou

rcesD.options第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledon’tundersta

ndhowtheactchangesus,”saysDanAriely,behaviouralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearl

yastheageoftwo.Lyingisevenconsidered56developmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,withsophisticated

planningandattention57(re⁃quire).But,formostpeople,lyinggetsincreasinglylimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate

.AccordingtoAriely,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainswhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine.Somepeo

pletoldthetruthinstantly.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(颅腔壁的)controlnetwork,whichisinvolvedinc

omplexthinking.Itsuggestedthattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonesty,andafterthinkingaboutit,58(choose)thelatter.Forafollow

-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural(神经的)rewardcenterswere59(active)whentheywonmoneywerelesslikelytobeamongthegroupofliars,andt

heoppositewasseenamongthoseso-calledhabitualliars,suggestingthatlying60havetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Externalconditi

onsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweseeothersbeingdishonest.And

wearelesslikelytoliewhenwethinkothersarewatching.“We61asocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedon’tpunishlying,weincreasetheprobabilit

yof62happeningagain,influ⁃encingallofus,”Arielysaid.Ina2016study,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeople’sbrai

ns,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopletoldalie,thescientistsnoticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala,acrucialpartofthebrainthatprod

ucesfearandguilt.{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}英语试题第10页（共10页）Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjects63(pl

ay)agameinwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantode⁃

crease.“Notonlythat,”saidArielyinaninterviewwithNationalScienceChannel,“64peopletendedtoliemorewhentheyfacednoconsequencesfor

dishonesty.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelies,65getbiggerovertime.

”第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Alan在邮件中提到他近来对中国古诗很感兴趣，希望你介绍一位你喜欢的古代诗人。请给他回信，内容包括：1.该诗人是谁；2.该诗人的主要贡献；3.该诗人的作品给你的感受。注意：1.词数100

左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Sedonahikingtrailscanbefunandrelaxing,butsometimescanalsobechall

enginganddangerous.Rogers,33,anon-dutyairman,wasintownfromColoradoSpringsforadventuresonSe⁃donatrails.Evenhehadjusttakenasharpturnonhismo

untainbikeinApril2020whenhewasstoppedshortbythesightofawomansittingonthesideofthetrail.Shewascuteandhadlongblondhair

andbigexpressiveeyes.Whathedidn’tknowthenwasthatshewasalsoinextremepain.SydneyLinden,28,hadbeenjoggingdownAdobeJackTrailinSedona,Arizona,for

apicturesquesunsetviewoftheRedRockswhenshehoppedoverarockandherlegoverex⁃tendedonthelanding.Thepainwa

sinstant.Herrightlegcollapsedandshehitthedirthard.Lindentriedtostandbutcollapsed.Shewasn’tsureifshehadtornherACL（十字韧带）,bro

kenherleg,orsomethingelse.Allsheknewwasthatthepainwasa15outof10.Althoughitwasspring,theArizonasunbeatdownrelentlessly.Lindendraggedhersel

ftotheshade,asifananimalpreparingtodie.She’dcalledafriend,butafter30minutes,herfriendwaslost.That’swhenshesawthemountainbiker

.Rogerswastryingtoplayitcool.Hecasuallyrodebyataslowerspeed,stealingaglanceatthewoman.Sensinghersuffering,Rogers

stoppedandaskedifhecouldhelp.Lin⁃denexplainedhersituationandthat’swhenhenoticedtheswellingunderherleggings.Sheneededahospital-now.Rogersh

elpedLindentoherfeetandtheybeganthesteep（陡坡）overtherockyregionanddesertbushes.Itwasalongwaytogo.LeaningonRogers,Lindentriedtohopalong,but

thepainwassevere.Shewouldnevermakeittothetrailheadthisway.DearAlan,Yours,LiHuaParagraph1:ThenRogershadanotheridea.Paragraph2:Itwasaf

tertheoperationthatLindenfoundRogersgone.{#{QQABYYSAggiAAJBAABhCAwkSCgMQkAAAAKoORFAMsAAAyRFABAA=}#}