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2024北京十一中高三10月月考英语第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。OneMondaymorningIcameintotheclassroomandcaughtJoe____1

____apictureonhismathbook.ThiswasonedayafterIhadgiventheclassalectureontakingcareofschoolproperty.Normal

lyIwouldhavegotangryand____2____himtotheoffice.Instead,Iwalkedovertohisdeskandstoodthere.Joeclosedthebookimmediat

ely,tryingtohidehisdrawing.Isaid,“Letme____3____whatIsaidyesterday:thesetextbooksaregoingtobeusedforthenextfiveyears,andI____4____youtotakegoodca

reofthem.”“Sorry,”Joemurmured.“Iforgot.”“Isee.”Isaid.WhenIreturnedtoJoe’sdeskagain,hewaserasingthedrawingwithhistiny,worn-outeraser.I____5__

__himmineandadrawingpad,andthensaid,“Here,thismightmakethejob____6____.Andyoucanalsousethepadwheneveryouhavethe____7____todraw.”Joelo

oked____8____andsaid,“Thanks.”Inoddedandstartedmylesson.Joehasn’tdrawninhistextbooksince.Hekeepsthepadinhispocketa

ndshowsmehisdrawingfromtimetotime.I’mgladIdidn’taskhimtogototheofficethatday.Itmighthavestoppedhimfrommarkingonhisboo

ks,butwewouldneverhavethe____9____wehavetoday.Andwhoknows,Imayhave_____10_____apromisingPicasso.1.A.drawingB.copyingC.observingD

.examining2.A.welcomedB.sentC.beggedD.followed3.A.checkB.proveC.updateD.repeat4.A.forceB.allowC.expectD.promise5.A.rewardedB.hande

dC.showedD.mailed6.A.slowerB.earlierC.saferD.easier7.A.urgeB.energyC.ambitionD.talent8.A.surprisedB.ca

lmC.awkwardD.anxious9.A.achievementB.appointmentC.relationshipD.conflict10.A.attractedB.encouragedC.ignoredD.c

heated【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B6.D7.A8.A9.C10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的作者看见Joe在书上画画，不但没有把他叫到办公室，反而给了他一个画板，让他在什么时候想画的时候在画板上画，这不仅阻止了Jo

e在书上画画，而且增进了师生之间的关系。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个星期一的早晨，我走进教室，看见Joe在他的数学书上画画。A.drawing画画；B.copying复制；C.observing观

察；D.examining检测。根据下文中的“Joeclosedthebookimmediately,tryingtohidehisdrawing.”可知，Joe看见作者发现了，马上合上书，把画藏起来，由此可知，此处指的是他在数学书上“画画”符合语境。故选A项。【2题详解

】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通常我会很生气，把他送到办公室去。A.welcomed欢迎；B.sent送，寄出；C.begged请求；D.followed跟随。根据下文中的“I’mgladIdidn’taskhimtogototheofficethatday.”可知，作者很

高兴那天没有让Joe去办公室，结合“NormallyIwouldhavegotangry”可知，通常作者见到学生在书上画画会很生气，所以此处指的是把学生“送”去办公室。故选B项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我重复我昨天说过的话

。A.check检查；B.prove证明；C.update更新；D.repeat重复。根据上文中的“ThiswasonedayafterIhadgiventheclassalectureontakingcareofschoolproperty.”可知，作者昨天说过

让学生保管好学校的财产，结合下文中的“whatIsaidyesterday…”可知，此处指的是作者“重复”昨天说的话。故选D项。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些教科书是今后五年要用的，我希望你们好好爱护它们。A.force强迫；B.allow允许；

C.expect期望；D.promise承诺。根据下文中的“youtotakegoodcareofthem.”可知，此处是作者对学生的“期望”符合语境。故选C项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递给他，然后说，“给，这个可能会让擦掉书

上的画的工作容易些。”。A.rewarded奖励；B.handed交，递；C.showed展示；D.mailed邮寄。根据下文中的“Joelooked____8____andsaid,“Thanks.””可知，Joe看着并且对作者表示感谢，由此可知，此处指的是作者“递给”Joe橡皮擦和一个

画板。故选B项。【6题详解】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我把我的橡皮擦和一个画板递给他，然后说，“给，这个可能会让擦掉书上的画的工作容易些。”。A.slower较慢；B.earlier较早；C.sa

fer更安全；D.easier更容易。根据上文中的“WhenIreturnedtoJoe’sdeskagain,hewaserasingthedrawingwithhistiny,worn-outera

ser.”可知，作者再回到Joe的可住处时，Joe正在用小而破旧的橡皮擦书上的画，由此可知，此处指的是作者把自己的橡皮擦给Joe，这样擦起来“更容易”符合语境。故选D项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你想画画的时候，你也可以使用这个画板。A.urge冲动；B.

energy精力，能量；C.ambition雄心；D.talent才华。根据上文中的“Andyoucanalsousethepad”可知，作者告诉Joe可以使用这个画板画画，结合下文中的“todraw”可知，此处指的是作者告诉Joe什么时候有画画的“冲动”时，就在画

板上画。故选A项。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Joe看起来很惊讶，说“谢谢。”A.surprised惊讶的；B.calm冷静的；C.awkward令人尴尬的；D.anxious焦急的。根据上文中的“NormallyIwouldhavegotan

gryand____2____himtotheoffice.”可知，作者通常会对不听话的孩子很生气，然后让孩子去办公室，结合“Andyoucanalsousethepadwheneveryouhavethe____7____t

odraw.””可知，作者还给Joe画板让他想什么时候绘画时在画板上画，所以此处应为“惊讶的”符合语境。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能会阻止他在书上画画，但我们永远不会有我们今天的

关系。A.achievement成就；B.appointment约定；C.relationship关系；D.conflict矛盾。根据上文中的“Hekeepsthepadinhispocketandshowsmeh

isdrawingfromtimetotime.”可知，自那以后，Joe经常把自己的画让作者看，由此可知，此处表示的是如果喊他去办公室会阻止Joe在书上画画，但是不会有现在他与Joe之间的“关系”。故选C项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：

谁知道呢，也许我鼓励了一个有前途的毕加索。A.attracted吸引；B.encouraged鼓励；C.ignored忽略；D.cheated欺骗。根据上文中的“Andyoucanalsousethepadwheneveryouhavethe___

_7____todraw.”可知，作者告诉Joe什么时候有画画的冲动就在作者给他的画板上画，由此可知，此处指的是作者“鼓励”Joe画画。故选B项。第二节(共15分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空

白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DimsumisoneofthemostpopularChinesedishes

.It____11____(originate)inGuangzhoucitymorethanathousandyearsago.PeopleofGuangdongarefondofdrinkinginthemo

rningorlunch.So,theyofteneatdimsumduringtheirteapartiesforbreakfastandlunch.ACantonesechef’sgoalis____12____(

preserve)thefood’soriginalflavor.UnlikeotherChinesestylesofcookingsuchasSichuanstyle,______13______Cantonesechefaimstodoistobri

ngoutorhighlighttheoriginalflavorofthevegetable,meat,orfruit.【答案】11.originated12.topreserve13.a【解析】【导语】这是

一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了点心的起源和制作过程。【11题详解】考查时态。句意：它起源于一千多年前的广州城。根据时间状语“morethanathousandyearsago”可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过

去式形式。故填originated。【12题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：粤菜厨师的目标是保持食物的原汁原味。主语是goal，用动词不定式作表语，说明主语的具体内容或表示目的。故填topreserve。【13题详解】考查

定语从句。句意：与其他中国烹饪风格不同，比如川菜，一位粤菜厨师的目标是突出或强调蔬菜、肉类或水果的原汁原味。chef是可数名词，此处泛指“一名粤菜厨师”，Cantonese是辅音音素开头的单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅

填写1个恰当的单词,在给出示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Youhaveprobablydreamedabouthowyouwouldchangetheworld,onlytofindthatitseemsimpossible.However,youmayhavet

hepowertomaketheworldbetterwithbabysteps.That’stheideabehindtheBAChallenge,_____14_____isapublicservicecampaignc

o-initiatedbyAlibabaandSinaWeibo.Itaskspeopletodosomethingpositiveandthenrecordthechangesbeforeandafter.Sinceitsfirst_____15_____(appea

r)onSinWeiboonSept.2nd,theBAChallengehasattractedmillionsofviewersandparticipants._____16_____theselittle

thingsmaybeeasilyignoredinourdailylives,theyarewellreceivedbymanyviewers.【答案】14.which15.appearance16

.Although##Though##While【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了BA挑战赛让人们通过一些小事情让世界变得更美好。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是BA挑战赛背后的想法，这是一项由阿里巴巴和新浪微博共同发起的公共服务活动。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为theBAC

hallenge表示事物，作从句的主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：自9月2日在新浪微博上首次亮相以来，BA挑战赛已经吸引了数百万观众和参与者。根据its及

since可知，空处用名词作宾语，appear对应的名词为appearance。故填appearance。【16题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然这些小事情在我们日常生活中很容易被忽视，但它们却受到了很多观众的欢迎。空处引导第一个句子，为从属连词，结合句意

可知，前后逻辑为转折关系，前面表示让步，用表示让步的连词Although/Though/While引导从句。故填Although/Though/While。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填

空。Initially____17____(construct)around256BCE,Dujiangyanisaremarkableexampleofancientengineeringskillandisstill

inusetoday.DuringtheQindynasty,LiBing,agovernorandirrigationengineer,investigatedtheproblemthoroughly.Owingtohisefforts,Sichuanbecamearegionm

uch_____18_____(productive)thanotherpartsinChina.Onefamousconstruction,togetherwithtwootherimportantparts,FeishanyanandBa

opingkou,_____19_____(design)tocontrolthewaterflow.Recognized_____20_____UNESCOheritagesite,Dujiangyanhasirrigatedfarmswhi

lepreventingfloodsformorethan2000years.【答案】17.constructed18.moreproductive19.wasdesigned20.as【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了都江堰的历史、

作用和优点，体现了我国古代劳动人民的聪明智慧。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：都江堰始建于公元前256年左右，是古代工程技术的杰出典范，至今仍在使用。的此处construct与Dujiangyan构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填construc

ted。【18题详解】考查比较级。句意：由于他的努力，四川成为一个比中国其他地区更多产的地区。根据后文thanotherpartsinChina可知应用比较级，在前面加more。故填moreproductive。【19题详解】考查时态语态

。句意：其中一个著名的建筑，连同另外两个重要的部分，飞山岩和保平口，是为了控制水流而设计的。主语Onefamousconstruction与谓语构成被动关系，且发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填wasdesigned。【20

题详解】考查介词。句意：都江堰被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产，2000多年来一直在灌溉农田的同时防止洪水泛滥。berecognizedas为固定短语，意为“被视为”。故填as。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)

第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhataresomeofyourfavouritememoriesoftheUniversity?Inpreparationforeach50threunio

n,membersofthemilestoneclassareaskedtorecallcampusmemoriesforanannualMemoryBook.Here'sasmallselectionofsomememoriesfromtheClassof1969.PhyllisJo

Baunach“...Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearninginthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestacks.Wedideverythingbyhand!Butthejoy

sofideascomingtolifeandunderstandingthornyconceptsarepriceless.Additionally,IcannotforgetthejoyfulhoursofCo-Kastrehearsalsforstudent-written-a

nd-directedplays,andthethrillofaudiences’responsestoourefforts.NorwillIeverforgettakingvoicelessonsattheEastmanSchoolofMusic.Thisc

oursegavemeconfidencetotrynewmusicalapproachesandtothinkonmyfeet.”PaulBoehm“...manysweetandlastingmemories—fivefeetof

deepsnow,gettingstrandedontheThruway,musicatHylieMorris'sAlley,and,ofcourse,Imetmywifeof48years,EllenBlazerBoehmfromt

heClassof1972,whenshewasafreshmanandIwasasenior.Asafive-yearchemicalengineeringmajor,Ihadoneelectivetospare,andEllensa

id,“Howaboutoceanography?”So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi（thefamousclimatescientist）,whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljustices,andchanged

myprofessionaldirection.”FarelVellaMcClure“...ItrulylovedmyfourundergraduateyearsattheUniversityofRoches

ter.Infact,IloveditsomuchthatIstayedanextrayeartogetamaster'sdegree!Iwasveryfortunatetohavebeentotallyim

mersedinstudentlifeoncampus.Mymemoriesincludecampaigningandwinningaseatonthestudentgovernmentduringmyfreshmanyear.Othermem

oriesincludetheSusanB.Anthonybanquet,andsleepinginthecomfychairsinthelibrary.Iwasalsoprivilegedtobeselectedasastudentrepresentativ

eonthedesignteamforthenewWilsonCommons.I.M.Pei,thefamousarchitectwhodesignedtheLouvrePyramid,wasthearchitectforWilsonCommons.We

evenvisitedhisofficesinNewYorktoseethe“master”atwork.”21.Accordingtothepassage,PaulBoehm______.A.married

EllenBlazerin1972B.dislikedhismajorinuniversityC.becameafamousclimatescientistlaterD.discoveredhisinterestinenvir

onmentalscience22.WhatcanwelearnaboutFarelVellaMcClure?A.Shewasaworld-famousdesigner.B.Shewasactiveinschoolactiviti

es.C.Shehadahardtimegettinghermaster's.DSheoncemetI.M.PeiattheLouvrePyramid.23.Thethreepeoplealltalkedabout______.A.theirbelovedprofesso

rsB.theirgreatfriendshipC.theirlearningexperiencesD.theirbeautifulcampus【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇

记叙文。文章讲述了，里程碑班的3位成员回忆自己最喜欢的校园记忆是什么。【21题详解】细节理解题。由题干关键词PaulBoehm可将答案定位于倒数第二段。由倒数第二段中的“So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi（thefamouscli

matescientist）,whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljustices,andchangedmyprofessionaldirection.”（所以，我和著名的气候科学家高桥太郎博士一起注册了海洋学，这唤醒了我对环境正义的兴

趣，改变了我的专业方向。），可知PaulBoehm发现了他对海洋科学的兴趣。故选.D项。【22题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Mymemoriesincludecampaigningandwinningaseatonthestudentgovernmentduring

myfreshmanyear.OthermemoriesincludetheSusanB.Anthonybanquet,andsleepinginthecomfychairsinthelibrary.Iwasalsoprivileg

edtobeselectedasastudentrepresentativeonthedesignteamforthenewWilsonCommons.”（我的记忆包括在大一时竞选和赢得学生会席位。其它记忆包括Susa

nB.Anthony宴会和睡在图书馆舒适的椅子上。我也很荣幸被选为新威尔逊公地设计团队的学生代表。），可推断出她在学校活动中很积极。故选B项。【23题详解】推理判断题。由第二段“Here'sasmallselectionofsomeme

moriesfromtheClassof1969.”（这里有一些1969届学生的记忆。），第三段中的“...Icannotforgettheendlesshoursstudying,researching,andlearningi

nthemiddleofthemustybooksinthestacks.”（……我无法忘记在书堆里发霉的书中间没完没了地学习、研究和学习。），倒数第二段中的“So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi（thefamousclimat

escientist）,whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljustices,andchangedmyprofessionaldirection.”（所以，我和著名的气候科学家高桥太郎博士一起注册了海洋学，这唤醒了我对环境正义的兴趣，改变了我的专业方向。）和

最后一段中的“...ItrulylovedmyfourundergraduateyearsattheUniversityofRochester.”（……我真的很喜欢我在罗切斯特大学的四年本科生活。），可推断出3个人都在讲他们大学的学习经历。故选C项。【点

睛】在高考中，细节理解题为频繁常考题型，集中考查文中细节。在做此类题型时，同学们可以先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅技巧迅速在文中找到这一细节，把这部分内容仔细读一遍，比较所给选项与文中

细节的细微差别。如在第1小题中，分析问题，得到关键词PaulBoehm，迅速定位到倒数第二段下，找到句子“So,IenrolledinoceanographywithDr.TaroTakahashi（thefamousclim

atescientist）,whichawakenedmyenvironmentaljustices,andchangedmyprofessionaldirection.”可知，可知PaulBoehm发现了他对海洋科学的兴趣。故选

D项。BThespotofredwaswhatfirstcaughtRandyHeiss’sattentiononDecember16,2018.Hewalkedtowarditandfoundaballoonattachedtoapieceofpaper.“Dayami,”itr

eadononeside,inachild’swriting.Heissflippedthepaperover.ItwasanumberedlistinSpanish.HisSpanishisn’tve

rygood,buthecouldseeitwasaChristmaslist.Hewascharmedandwonderedwhetherhecouldfindthechild.About20milestothesouthwest,justacrosstheborder,wasthecityof

Nogales,Mexico.Basedontheprevailingwind,hewasprettysurethat’swhereitcamefrom.Backhome,Heiss’swifewhoisfluentinSp

anishtranslatedthelist.Dayami,probablyagirl,hadaskedforadoll,adollhouse,clothesandartsupplies.HeissthenpostedabouthisquestonFacebookatt

achingphotos,hopingsomeonemightknowthegirl’sfamily.Afewdayspassedwithnoleads;HeissworriedthattimewasrunningoutbeforeChristmas.O

nDecember19,hedecidedtosendaprivateFacebookmessagetoRadioXENYbasedinNogales.Thenextmorning,Heissawoketoamessage:ThestaffhadlocatedDayami,whoindeedl

ivedinNogalesandwouldbewillingtoarrangeaget-togetherattheradiostation.Heissandhiswiferushedtobuyevery

thingonDayami’slist.Thentheydrovefor45minutes,crossingtheborderintoNogales.Theyfinallymettheveryexcitedgirl.“Herey

eswerewideopenwithwonder.Like,‘Ohmygosh,thisreallydidwork!’Itwasabeautifulexperience,”Heisssaid.“Quitehealingforus.”Heiss,61,haslivedinBisbee,Arizo

naformorethanthreedecades.Tenyearsago,heandhiswifelosttheironlychild.Theyhavenograndchildren.NowtheysplittheirtimebetweenNog

alesandBisbee.“BeingaroundchildrenatChristmastimehasbeenabsentinourlives,”Heisssaid.“It’sbeenkindofagapingholeinourChristmasexperience.”Heh

assincereflectedonwhatamiracleitwasthathespottedtheballoonatall,letalonethathewasabletolocateDayamiandherfam

ily.24.OnDecember16,Heiss________.A.plannedtogotoNogalesB.foundawishlistbyaccidentC.spottedacardattachedtoaballoonD.readastoryaboutDa

yamionFacebook25.WhatdidHeissdotofindDayami?A.Heaskedhiswifeforadvice.B.HepostedDayami’sphotoonline.C.HedrovetoNogalestofindclues.D.Heturn

edtoRadioXENYforhelp.26.WhatdowelearnaboutHeiss?A.Hehaslivedaloneformanyyears.B.Heisnotgoodatlearninglanguages.C.Hehasbuilta

closebondwithDayami.D.HebuysDayamigiftseveryChristmas.,27.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Givingisrewardin

g.B.Allforone,oneforall.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Treatothersasyouhopetheywilltreatyou.【答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A【解析】【分析

】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Heiss意外发现了一个名为Dayami的女孩的愿望清单，Heiss找到了Dayami，并给她买了清单上的东西，Heiss也因此和Dayami建立了密切的联系，弥补了自己圣诞节没有和孩子一起度过的遗憾。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Th

espotofredwaswhatfirstcaughtRandyHeiss’sattentiononDecember16,2018.(红点是RandyHeiss在2018年12月16日第一次注意到的)”以及后文“HisSpanishisn’tverygood,buthecouldseei

twasaChristmaslist.(他的西班牙语不是很好，但他看得出那是一张圣诞礼物清单。)”由此可知，12月16日，Heiss偶然发现了一份愿望清单。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“OnDecember19,hedeci

dedtosendaprivateFacebookmessagetoRadioXENYbasedinNogales.Thenextmorning,Heissawoketoamessage:ThestaffhadlocatedDayami,whoin

deedlivedinNogalesandwouldbewillingtoarrangeaget-togetherattheradiostation.(12月19日，他决定在Facebook上向诺加利斯的XENY

电台发送一条私人信息。第二天早上，Heiss醒来发现了一条消息：工作人员找到了Dayami，他确实住在诺加利斯，愿意在电台安排一次聚会。)”由此可知，Heiss为找到Dayami，向XENY电台寻求帮助。故选

D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“NowtheysplittheirtimebetweenNogalesandBisbee.(现在他们在诺加利斯和比斯比之间打发时间。)”由此可推知，Heiss如今经常去与诺加利斯，说明他和Day

ami建立了密切的关系。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中““BeingaroundchildrenatChristmastimehasbeenabsentinourlives,”Heisssaid.(“圣诞节和孩子们在一起是我们生活中所缺少的，”H

eiss说。”)结合文章主要讲述了Heiss意外发现了一个名为Dayami的女孩的愿望清单，Heiss找到了Dayami，并给她买了清单上的东西，Heiss也因此和Dayami建立了密切的联系，弥补了自己圣诞节没有和孩子一起度过的遗憾。由此可推知，故事想要告诉我们给予是有回报的。故选A。【点睛】隐

含意义推理判断题。这类题的题干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/belikelyto等标志性词语。解决这类问题时要理解文章潜在的含义和作者所给的提示。同时，要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作出合理的猜测和推断

。如第四小题，根据最后一段中““BeingaroundchildrenatChristmastimehasbeenabsentinourlives,”Heisssaid.(“圣诞节和孩子们在一起是我们

生活中所缺少的，”Heiss说。”)结合文章主要讲述了Heiss意外发现了一个名为Dayami的女孩的愿望清单，Heiss找到了Dayami，并给她买了清单上的东西，Heiss也因此和Dayami建立了密切的联系，弥补了自己圣诞节没有和孩子一起度过的遗憾。由此可推知，

故事想要告诉我们给予是有回报的。故选A。CRecently,thelaboratoryofSamiEI-Boustani,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofGeneva,hasstudiedtheroleplayedbymotivationinpercept

ion(感知)anddecision-making.“Wewantedtoobservehowsensoryinformationsentbycorticalneurons(大脑皮层神经元)ischangedbythed

egreeofmotivationandtowhatextentthelattercanhaveaneffectonlearningandperformanceinadecision-makingtask,”explainsSamiEI-Boustani.Theresearchteamdevel

opedabehavioralpatterninvolvingmiceinacontrolledwaterconsumptioncondition.Researchersfirsttrainedthes

emicetorespondtothestimulationoftwowhiskers(鼠须)(AandB)andtoproduceanaction-lickingaspout(舔壶嘴)一onlyforwhiskerAinordertoobtainadr

opofwater.Followingthistraining,thesemicereactedmainlytothestimulationofwhiskerA.Finally,theresearchersconductedtheseexperim

entsatdecreasinglevelsofthirstinordertovarythemotivationofthemicetoparticipateinthetask.Inastateofgreatthirst,micelickedthespo

utrandomlywithgreatmotivation.Inastateofmediumthirst,thechoiceoftheiractionbecameideal.Theymainlylickedthespo

utwhenwhiskerAwasstimulated.Finally,whentheywerenotverythirsty,theirperformanceinthetaskdroppedagain.Byobser

vingtheactivityofneuronalpopulationsresponsibleforperceptualdecision-makinginthesemice,researchersdiscover

edthathigh-motivationleadstothestrongstimulationofcorticalneurons,whichcausesalossofaccuracyintheperceptionofthestimulation.Incontrast,inthelow-mo

tivationstate,theaccuracyofthesensoryinformationwasrecovered,butthestrengthofthesignalwastoolowforittobesentcorrectly.These

resultsrevealthatthelevelofmotivationdoesnotonlyimpactdecision-makingbutalsotheperceptionsensoryinformation,whichleadstothedecisio

n.Researchersobservedthatmiceunderstoodtheruleveryquicklybutcouldonlyexpressthislearningmuchlater,dependingonac

hangedperceptionlinkedtotheirlevelofmotivation.Theresearchontheroleofmotivationinlearningopensthewaytonewadaptivemethodsthataimtomai

ntainthebestlevelofmotivationduringlearning.28.WhydidSamiEl-Boustani’slaboratoryconducttheresearch?A.Toobservemice’

sreactionsinextremeconditions.B.Toseekwaystoimproveone’sdecision-making.C.Tostudytheeffectofmotivationonthebrain.D.Toexploretheapproachtokeepingt

hebestlearningstate.29.Intheexperiment,miceperformedbestwhen________.A.theydidn’tfeelverythirstyandtiredB.theywerein

amedium-motivationstateC.theywerepushedbyhighmotivationD.theyreceivedelectricsignalsfromresearchers30.Whatcanwelear

nfromthelastparagraph?A.Highmotivationmakesthebrainprocesssensoryinformationquickly.B.Awisedecisioncomesfromalasting

motivation.C.Itisdifficultforpeopletomaintainthebestlevelofmotivation.D.Thestudyopensupnewperspectivesonle

arningmethods【答案】28.C29.B30.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日内瓦大学的助理教授SamiEl-Boustani的实验室研究了动机在感知和决策中所起的作用。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Recently,thelaboratoryofSamiEI-

Boustani,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofGeneva,hasstudiedtheroleplayedbymotivationinperception(感知)anddecision-making.(最近，日内瓦大学助理教授SamiE

l-Boustani的实验室研究了动机在感知和决策中所起的作用)”和“Wewantedtoobservehowsensoryinformationsentbycorticalneurons(大脑皮层神经元)ischa

ngedbythedegreeofmotivationandtowhatextentthelattercanhaveaneffectonlearningandperformanceinadecision-makingtask,(我们想观察大脑皮层神

经元发出的感觉信息是如何被动机的程度所改变的，以及动机在多大程度上会对决策任务中的学习和表现产生影响)”可知，该实验室的研究被进行是为了研究动机对大脑决策的影响。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inastateofgr

eatthirst,micelickedthespoutrandomlywithgreatmotivation.Inastateofmediumthirst,thechoiceoftheiractionbe

cameideal.TheymainlylickedthespoutwhenwhiskerAwasstimulated.Finally,whentheywerenotverythirsty,theirperformanceinthetaskdroppedagain.(在极度口渴的情况下，老

鼠以极大的动力随意地舔着壶嘴。在中等口渴的情况下，它们的行动选择变得理想。当鼠须A受到刺激时，它们主要舔壶嘴。最后，当它们不太口渴时，它们的表现再次下降)”可推知，老鼠在中等口渴的情况下，它们的行动选择变得理想

，它们主要舔壶嘴，因此表现最佳，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchersobservedthatmiceunderstoodtheruleveryquicklybutcouldonlyexpressthislearningmu

chlater,dependingonachangedperceptionlinkedtotheirlevelofmotivation.Theresearchontheroleofmotivationinlearn

ingopensthewaytonewadaptivemethodsthataimtomaintainthebestlevelofmotivationduringlearning.(研究人员观察到，小鼠很快就理解了这一规则，但只能在很久之后才能表达这一学习，这取决于与它们

的动机水平相关的感知变化。对学习动机作用的研究为新的适应性方法开辟了道路，旨在在学习过程中保持最佳的动机水平)”可知，这项研究为学习开辟了新的视角，为了保持学习中的最佳动机水平，可以去开辟新的适应方式，这需要灵活的方法，故选D。DFra

nzBoas’sdescriptionofInuit(因纽特人)lifeinthe19thcenturyillustratestheprobablemoralcodeofearlyhumans.Here,norms(规范)wereunwrittenandrarelyexpressedcl

early,butwerewellunderstoodandtakentoheart.Dishonestandviolentbehaviorsweredisapprovedof.Leadership,marriageandinteractionsw

ithothergroupswerelooselygovernedbytraditions.Conflictwasoftenresolvedinmusicalbattles.Becausearguing

angrilyleadstochaos,itwasstronglydiscouraged.WithlifeintheunforgivingNorthemCanadabeingsodemanding,theInuit’spr

acticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.Thesimilarityofmoralvirtuesacrossculturesisstriking,eventhoughtherelat

iverankingofthevirtuesmayvarywithasocialgroup’shistoryandenvironment.Typically,crueltyandcheatingarediscouraged,whilecooper

ation,humblenessandcouragearepraised.Theseuniversalnormsfarpre-datetheconceptofanymoralizingreligionorwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerootedinthe

similarityofbasichumanneedsandoursharedmechanismsforlearningandproblemsolving.Whenwearesocializing,ourinstinctsincludetheintensedes

iretobelong.Theapprovalofothersisrewarding,whiletheirdisapprovalisstronglydisliked.Thesesocialemotio

nsprepareourbrainstoshapeourbehavioraccordingtothenormsandvaluesofourfamilyandourcommunity.Moregenerally,socialinstinctsmotivateustolearnhowto

behaveinasociallycomplexworld.Themechanisminvolvesarepurposedrewardsystemoriginallyusedtodevelophabitsimportantforself-care.Ourbrainsusethesystemtoa

cquirebehavioralpatternsregardingsaferouteshome,efficientfoodgatheringanddangerstoavoid.Goodhabitssavetime,energyandsometimesy

ourlife.Goodsocialhabitsdosomethingsimilarinasocialcontext.Welearntotellthetruth,evenwhenlyingisself-serving;

wehelpagrandparentevenwhenitisinconvenient.Weacquirewhatwecallasenseofrightandwrong.Socialbenefitsareac

companiedbysocialdemands:wemustgetalong,butnotputupwithtoomuch.Henceself-disciplineisadvantageous.Inhumans,agreatlye

nlargedbrainboostsself-control,justasitboostsproblem-solvingskillsinthesocialaswellasthephysicalworld.Theseabilitiesarestrengthenedbyourcapacityforla

nguage,whichallowssocialpracticestodevelopinextremelyunobviousways.31.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheformingo

ftheInuit’smoralcode?A.Unwrittenruleswerethetarget.B.Livingconditionswerethedrive.C.Honestywasthekey.D.Socialtraditionwasthebasis.32.Whatdoestheun

derlinedword“instincts”inParagraph2mean?A.naturalreactionsB.ambitiousexpectationsC.uniqueexperiencesD.

indifferentattitudes33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Basichumanneedsleadtouniversalnorms.B.Inconveniencesarethecauseof

tellinglies.C.Languagecapacityislimitedbyself-control.D.Writtenlawshavegreatinfluenceonvirtues.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Virt

ues:BridgesAcrossCulturesB.TheRootsofMoralityC.TheValuesofSelf-disciplineD.Brains:WallsAgainstChaos【答案】31.D32.A33.A34.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要

围绕人类道德规范进行讨论，介绍了早期人类社会的道德准则及其形成机制，强调了道德规范的普遍性和社会本能对行为塑造的重要性。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Here,norms(规范)wereunwrittenandrare

lyexpressedclearly,butwerewellunderstoodandtakentoheart.Dishonestandviolentbehaviorsweredisapprovedof.Leadership,marriageandinteractionswithotherg

roupswerelooselygovernedbytraditions.Conflictwasoftenresolvedinmusicalbattles.Becausearguingangrilyleadsto

chaos,itwasstronglydiscouraged.WithlifeintheunforgivingNorthemCanadabeingsodemanding,theInuit’spracticalapproachtomoralitymadegoodsense.(在这里，规范是不成文

的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为。领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待

道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，他们的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选D。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词前文“Instead,theyarerootedinthesimilarityofbasichumanneedsan

doursharedmechanismsforlearningandproblemsolving.(相反，它们根植于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们共同的学习和解决问题的机制)”和下文“Theapprovalofothersisrewarding,whiletheirdisapprovalis

stronglydisliked.(他人的认可令人愉悦，而他们的不赞同则令人强烈厌恶)”可知，道德美德根植于人类相似的基本需求，共同的学习和解决问题的机制，人们重视他人的看法，因此推断画线句说明：当我们社交时，我们的本能包

括强烈的归属欲望。画线词与A项“自然反应”意思相近，故选A。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theseuniversalnormsfarpre-datetheconceptofanymoralisingreligionorwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerootedi

nthesimilarityofbasichumanneedsandoursharedmechanismsforlearningandproblemsolving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类

基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选A。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“FranzBoas’sdescriptio

nofInuit(因纽特人)lifeinthe19thcenturyillustratestheprobablemoralcodeofearlyhumans.(FranzBoas对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”和第二段中“Theseuniversalnormsf

arpre-datetheconceptofanymoralizingreligionorwrittenlaw.Instead,theyarerootedinthesimilarityofbasichumanneedsandoursharedmechani

smsforlearningandproblemsolving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德宗教或成文法的概念。相反，它们根植于人类基本需求的相似性，以及我们共同的学习和解决问题的机制)”可知，本文围绕人类道德规范进行讨论，介绍了早期人类社会的道德准则及其形成机

制，强调了道德规范的普遍性和社会本能对行为塑造的重要性，所以D项“道德的根源”契合文章主旨，最适合作为文章标题。故选B。第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑、选项中有两项为多余选项。Humansstartdevelopi

ngasenseofhumourasearlyassixweeksold,whenbabiesbegintolaughandsmileinresponsetostimuli(刺激物).Laughterandhumourprovidepsychologicalscientist

swithrichresourcesforstudyinghumanpsychology.Theoriesfocusingontheevolutionoflaughterpointtoitasanimporta

ntadaptationforsocialcommunication.Forexample,in1950,aU.S.soundengineerstartedrecordinghisown‘laughtracks’.Thesewereintendedtohelppeopleat

homefeelliketheywereinasocialsituation.Heevenrecordedvarioustypesoflaughter.___35___Inonestudy,carriedoutin2016attheuniversityofCalifornia

,samplesoflaughterfrompairsofEnglish-speakingstudentswererecordedandplayedtolistenersfrom24diversesocieties.___36___Onaverag

e,theresultswereremarkablyconsistent:worldwide,people’sguesseswerecorrectapproximately60%ofthetime.Anotherstudybyresearch

ersofAustralianNationalUniversitywasbasedontheassumptionthathumourmightprovideapausefromdullsituationsinthe

workplace.___37___Theresearchersfirstaskedthestudentstocrossouteveryinstanceoftheletter‘e’overtwopagesoftext.Thestudentsthenwererandomlyassignedtowa

tchavideoclip.SomewatchedaclipoftheBBCcomedyMr.Bean,andothersafactualvideoaboutthemanagementprofession.Th

estudentsthencompletedataskrequiringpersistenceinwhichtheywereaskedtoguessthepotentialperformanceofemployeesbasedonprovidedprofiles,a

ndweretoldthatmaking10correctassessmentsinarowwouldleadtoawin.___38___StudentswhohadwatchedtheMr.Beanv

ideoendedupspendingsignificantlymoretimeworkingonthetask,makingtwiceasmanypredictionsastheothergroup.___39___Again,partici

pantswhowatchedthehumorousvideospentsignificantlymoretimeworkingonthisboringtaskandcompletedmorequestionscorrectlythanstudentsfromtheotherg

roup.Traditionally,individualsareadvisedtoavoidthingssuchashumourthatmaydistractthemfromtheaccomplishmentoftaskgoals.However,

humouractuallyhelpsrelievestressandfacilitatesocialrelationships.Itisnotonlyenjoyablebutmoreimportantly,energizing.AParti

cipantswereaskedwhetherthepairswerefriendsorstrangers.B.This‘mentalbreak’mightfacilitatetheadditionofmentalresources.C.Theresearchersthenhadparti

cipantscompletelongmultiplicationquestionsbyhand.D.Ateammadeupof30psychologicalscientistsplayedtheserecordingsto

differentpeople.E.However,thesoftwarewasprogrammedthatitwasimpossibletoachieve10correctanswers.F.Researchershavealsofoundd

ifferenttypesoflaughterserveascodestocomplexhumanbonds.G.Hefoundoutasimple‘haha’communicatesaremarkableamountofsociallyrelevantinforma

tion.【答案】35.G36.A37.B38.E39.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍几个实验，告诉我们幽默有助于缓解压力，促进社会关系。幽默不仅令人愉快，更重要的是，让人充满活力。.【35题详解】由上文“Heevenrecordedvarioustypesoflaughter.

”(他甚至记录了各种笑声。)可知，此处描写了一个美国音响工程师记录了各种笑声，所以空处应该是描述记录各种笑声的结果，G选项“Hefoundoutasimple‘haha’communicatesaremarkableamountofsociallyrelevantinformation

.”(他发现一个简单的“哈哈”可以传达大量与社会相关的信息。)符合，承接上文，故选G。【36题详解】由上文“Inonestudy,carriedoutin2016attheuniversityofCalifornia,sample

soflaughterfrompairsofEnglish-speakingstudentswererecordedandplayedtolistenersfrom24diversesocieties.”(2016年在加州大学进

行的一项研究中，记录了来自24个不同社会背景的成对说英语学生的笑声样本，并向听众播放。)和下文“Onaverage,theresultswereremarkablyconsistent:worldwide,people’sguesseswerecorrecta

pproximately60%ofthetime.”(平均来说，结果是非常一致的:在世界范围内，人们的猜测大约有60%的正确率。)可知，空后是该实验的结果，空前是描述该实验内容，所以可以推断出，空处应该也是描述该实验，且是该实验的

最后一步，A选项“Participantswereaskedwhetherthepairswerefriendsorstrangers.”(参与者被问及每一对是朋友还是陌生人。)符合，故选A。【37题详解】由上文“AnotherstudybyresearchersofAustr

alianNationalUniversitywasbasedontheassumptionthathumourmightprovideapausefromdullsituationsintheworkp

lace.”(另一项由澳大利亚国立大学研究人员进行的研究，这项研究基于这样一种假设，即幽默可能会为工作场所的枯燥情况提供一个暂停的机会。)可知，此处描述了实验前的假设，结合空后“Theresearchersfirstaskedthestudentst

ocrossouteveryinstanceoftheletter‘e’overtwopagesoftext.”(研究人员首先要求学生划掉两页文本中字母“e”。)可知，空后开始描述实验步骤，所以可以推断出，空处是对

空前内容进一步描写，B选项“This‘mentalbreak’mightfacilitatetheadditionofmentalresources.”(这种“精神暂停”可能促进了精神资源的增加。)符合，其中“break”呼应上句中的

“pause”，都表示“暂停”，故选B。【38题详解】由上文“Thestudentsthencompletedataskrequiringpersistenceinwhichtheywereaskedtoguessthepotentialperformance

ofemployeesbasedonprovidedprofiles,andweretoldthatmaking10correctassessmentsinarowwouldleadtoawin.”(然后，学生们完成了一项需要坚持的任务，要求他

们根据提供的个人资料猜测员工的潜在表现，他们并被告知连续做出10个正确的评估将会取得胜利。)可知，此处描述实验内容，结合下文“StudentswhohadwatchedtheMr.Beanvideoendedupspendingsignifican

tlymoretimeworkingonthetask,makingtwiceasmanypredictionsastheothergroup.”(那些观看了憨豆先生视频的学生最终会花更多的时间在这项任务上，做出的猜测任务是另一组的

两倍。)可知，此处描写实验结果，所以可以推断出，空处应该是承接上文，继续描写实验内容，E选项“However,thesoftwarewasprogrammedthatitwasimpossibletoachieve10correctanswers.”(然而，软件被设计成不可能得到10个

正确答案。)符合，其中“10correctanswers”与上文“making10correctassessmentsinarow”相呼应，故选E。【39题详解】根据下文“Again,participantswhowatchedtheh

umorousvideospentsignificantlymoretimeworkingonthisboringtaskandcompletedmorequestionscorrectlythanstudentsfr

omtheothergroup.”(同样，那些观看幽默视频的参与者在这项无聊的任务上花费了更多的时间，并且相比于其他组的学生，他们完成了更多的问题，正确率也更高。)可知，此处是描述实验结果，所以可以推断出空处应该是描述实验内容，C

选项“Theresearchersthenhadparticipantscompletelongmultiplicationquestionsbyhand.”(然后，研究人员让参与者用手完成很多乘法题。)符合，其中“l

ongmultiplicationquestionsbyhand.”和下文中的“thisboringtask”相呼应，故选C。第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答

问题。WhenIbegantheOrangeStreetNewsinNovemberof2014,Ihadonlyonesubscriber,mygrandma.Shepaid$1andapieceofgumforayea

rsubscription.Seven-year-oldmethoughtIhadhititbigtime(tosuddenlybecomeveryfamous,successful,andrich)!Mys

econdsubscriberwasmyneighborSue.I’mprettysureshewasjustbeingnice.Thosefirstfewmonthswereprettyslow.Irememberknockingondo

orsupanddownOrangeStreetinthefreezingcoldhandingoutthefreepapersIhadmadefrommyhomecomputer.Igotalotof“ohisn’tshecute”looksbutn

otalotofsubscribers.ButlookingbackIunderstandpeopleweren’texactlydyingtoreadstorieslikemybabysisterbeingbornandmyneighbort

alkingabouthowdormroomssmellbad!Butsincethenalothaschanged.Igotolderandbeganreportingonmoreseriousstories.BeforeIknewit,Ievensta

rtedgettingsources.AndInoticedsomethingelse.TheharderIworked,themoresubscribers1got.Thenpeoplewhoweren’trelatedtomebegansubscribi

ng.EverythingchangedonedayinAprilof2016.ThatwasthedaywhentheOrangeStreetNewswasthefirsttoreportthatamurderhappenedinmycommunity.Peoplea

roundthecountrywerereallyshockedthatIgotthatstory.Butstill,alotofpeoplegotupsetthatsomeonesoyoungwasreportingonsomethingso

serious.Buttheywerejustlookingatmyage,notmyreporting.Ireportedthefactstothepeople.Therightfacts.That’sthejobofar

eporterandItookitseriously.ButIneverwantedtobeknownjustasthe“littlegirl”whobrokethestoryofthemurder.IjustwantedtobeknownasaREPORTER,agood

reporterwhopeoplecartrusttogetthemthenews.SoIkept,working.Sincebreakingthestoryofthemurder,I’vepublish

edhundredsofstoriesandbrokencountlessexclusivethatnooneelsehasbeencovering.Imadesuretokeepreportingstraig

htnews.Ineverputmyopinionnewsstory.Andasmyreportinggrew,sodidmyreaders.Andsomanyothergreatthingshappenedtoo.I

gotabookdealwithScholastic.Peopleareevenmakingatelevisionshowbasedonmylife.WhenearliertodaytheOrangeS

treetNewshittheonemillionhitsmark,Ifeltshocked.ThisissomethingIneverexpected.Thatnumberishardtocomprehend.Iusuallydon’tcareabouttha

tkindofthing,butthistimeItookasecondtothinkaboutit.Icouldn’thelpbutthinkbacktothatfirstsubscription,theoneIsoldt

omygrandma.Shewasmyfirstsupporter.Ican’tevenimaginewhatshewouldsayifshewasstillaroundtoseeallofthis!ButshewasmygrandmaandIwashergranddaugh

terandshejustwantedtomakemehappy.Butsincethen,somanymorepeoplewhoI’venevermetandwhodon’tknowmebegantosupport

me.FirstinSelinsgrove.Thenpeoplefromallacrossthecountry.Amillionofyou.ItisallofyouwhomaketheOrangeStr

eetNewspossible.Itishumblingandflattering.Thankyou.40.Whydidn’tpeopleliketoreadtheauthor’sstoriesatthebeginning?_______________________________

__________________41.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenpeoplewereupsetaboutherreportonamurder?____________________________

_____________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Theauthorwrotethispassagetosharehe

rsuccessstoryandinspirereaderstopursuetheirdreams._________________________________________________43.Amongtheauthor’squalitieswhich

onedoyouthinkwillbeimportantforyou?Why?(Inabout40words)_________________________________________________【答案】4

0.Becausetheinitialstorieswerenotveryinterestingorrelevant,suchasthoseaboutherbabysisterbeingbornandherneighbortalki

ngaboutdormrooms’smells.41.Theauthorfeltthatpeoplewerefocusingonherageratherthanherreportingskills,andshetookherjobasareporterseriously.42.Theauthorw

rotethispassagetosharehersuccessstoryandinspirereaderstopursuetheirdreams.Theauthorprimarilywrotethepassagetoshareherjourneyandexperience

sasayoungreporter,expressinggratitudetohersupportersratherthanexplicitlyaimingtoinspireotherstopursuesimilardreams.43.

Theauthor’sperseveranceisimportantformebecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofworkinghardandcontinuingtoimprovedespiteinitialsetbacksorcriticism.Thisqu

alityisessentialforachievinglong-termsuccessinanyfield.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者自2014年创办《橙街新闻》，初期仅有家人支持，报道内容

简单，缺乏吸引力。后因率先报道社区内一起谋杀案引起广泛关注，作者坚持客观报道事实，逐渐赢得读者信任，并取得了巨大成功。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“ButlookingbackIunderstandpeopleweren’texactlydyingtoreadstorie

slikemybabysisterbeingbornandmyneighbortalkingabouthowdormroomssmellbad!(但回想起来，我明白人们并不是真的很想读这样的故事，比如我的小妹妹出生了，我的邻居说宿舍闻起来很臭！)”可

知，在开始阶段作者的故事内容不吸引人，这是因为作者的故事缺乏与读者相关的趣味性。故答案为Becausetheinitialstorieswerenotveryinterestingorrelevant,suchasthoseaboutherbabysisterbeingbornandh

erneighbortalkingaboutdormrooms’smells.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“Butstill,alotofpeoplegotupsetthatsomeonesoyoungwasreportingonsomethingsoserious.But

theywerejustlookingatmyage,notmyreporting.Ireportedthefactstothepeople.Therightfacts.That’sthejobofareporterandItookit

seriously.ButIneverwantedtobeknownjustasthe“littlegirl”whobrokethestoryofthemurder.IjustwantedtobeknownasaREPORTER,agoodreporterwhopeoplecar

trusttogetthemthenews.SoIkeptworking.(但尽管如此，很多人还是对这么年轻的人报道如此严重的事情感到沮丧。但他们只关注我的年龄，而不是我的报道。我向人民报告了事实。正确的事实。这是记者的工作，我认真

对待。但我从来都不想被称为那个揭露谋杀案的“小女孩”。我只是想成为一名记者，一名好记者，人们相信我能给他们带来新闻。所以我继续工作)”可知，作者感到人们只关注她的年龄而不是报道本身，这让她感到有些挫败，但她仍然认真对待自己的工

作。故答案为Theauthorfeltthatpeoplewerefocusingonherageratherthanherreportingskills,andshetookherjobasareporterseriously.【42题详解】

考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Butsincethen,somanymorepeoplewhoI’venevermetandwhodon’tknowmebegantosupportme.FirstinS

elinsgrove.Thenpeoplefromallacrossthecountry.Amillionofyou.ItisallofyouwhomaketheOrangeStreetNewspossible.Itishumblingandflattering.(但从那以后，更

多我从未见过、也不认识我的人开始支持我。首先是在塞林斯格罗夫。然后是来自全国各地的人们。你们中的一百万人。是你们所有人让OrangeStreetNews成为可能。这令人感到谦卑和荣幸)”可知，作者分享了自己的成功故事，描述了自己面对挑战和个人成

长的经历，向支持者表达感激之情，所以inspirereaderstopursuetheirdreams表述错误。故答案为Theauthorwrotethispassagetosharehersuccesss

toryandinspirereaderstopursuetheirdreams.Theauthorprimarilywrotethepassagetoshareherjourneyandexperiencesasayoungreporter,expr

essinggratitudetohersupportersratherthanexplicitlyaimingtoinspireotherstopursuesimilardreams.【43题详解】开放性试题，题目答案不

唯一，合理即可。文章作者屡次受挫，但从未放弃，最终建立了成功的事业，所以作者的品质中，毅力对我来说很重要，因为它表明了努力工作和继续改进的重要性，尽管最初遇到了挫折或批评。这种品质对于在任何领域取得长期成功至关重要。故答

案为Theauthor’sperseveranceisimportantformebecauseitdemonstratestheimportanceofworkinghardandcontinuingtoimprovedespi

teinitialsetbacksorcriticism.Thisqualityisessentialforachievinglong-termsuccessinanyfield。第二节:书面表达(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的外

国笔友Jim听说你校近期举办了运动会，特发来邮件询问你相关情况。请你用英语给他回信，内容包括：1.简要介绍运动会2.讲述运动会上感动你的瞬间。______________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________【答案】DearJim,Iamdelightedtoknowyouareinterestedinourschoolsportsmeeting.Iamwritingtote

llyousomethingaboutit.Theannualsportsmeeting,lastingtwodays,isusuallyheldontheschoolplaygroundinOctober,whentheweatherispleasantandmild

.Thereareawiderangeofsportsevents,amongwhichtrackandfieldmakesupagreaterpart.Athletescanchoosetheindividualort

eamevents.Besidesthecompetitivegames,somewonderfulperformancesareputonaswell,definitelythehighlightinmyeyes.Also,theclassrelayrace

saremyfavoriteeventbecauseit'sreallyexcitingtocheerupourclassmatesandwatchthemdashtowardsthedestination.Doyouhavethesimilarschoolsportsevent?Lo

okingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国笔友Jim介绍学校举办的运动会。【详解】1.词汇积累举行：hold→takeplace各种各样的：awiderangeof

→avarietyof选择：choose→select回复：reply→response2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Theannualsportsmeeting,lastingtwodays,isusual

lyheldontheschoolplaygroundinOctober,whentheweatherispleasantandmild.拓展句：Theannualsportsmeeting,whichlast

stwodays,isusuallyheldontheschoolplaygroundinOctober,whentheweatherispleasantandmild.【点睛】【高分句型1】Thereareawiderangeofsports

events,amongwhichtrackandfieldmakesupagreaterpart.（运用了介词+关系代词引导定语从句）【高分句型2】Also,theclassrelayracesaremyfavoriteeventbecauseit'sreallyexcitin

gtocheerupourclassmatesandwatchthemdashtowardsthedestination.（运用了because引导状语从句）