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西城区高三年级英语诊断性考试试卷第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Miarushe

dhomeandthrewopenthefrontdoor.Hermotherturnedaround,surprisedthatMiawashomefromschoolsoearly.“Iwonfirstplaceintheartcontest!”shesaid_

__1___prideandraisedherhead,expectingpraise.ThoughMia___2___(work)eagerlyonherartsubmissionforweeks,he

rmotherwasn’tsure___3___heprojectinvolved.“That’swonderful,Mia!Whatwasthesubjectofyourartproject?”hermotherasked.S

milingfromeartoear,Miahandedoverherartwork.Itwasaportraitofhermother.【答案】1.with2.hadworked/worked3.what【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，描述了米

娅在艺术比赛中得第一名（她的作品是一张妈妈的画像）后回到家告诉妈妈这一好消息时的情景。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：“我在艺术比赛中得了第一名！”她骄傲地说。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处需要用“with+抽象名词”作伴随状语，表示“骄傲地”，故填with。【2题详解】考查时态

。句意：尽管米娅已经为她提交的这个艺术作品忙活了好几个星期，她的母亲却不知道她在忙什么。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，也可理解成动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时，故填hadworked/worked。【3题详解】考查宾语从句。句意同上，此处为宾语从句，从句中的involved缺

少宾语，故填what。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Astudyfoundthatadultsaged18to33checkedtheirsmartphones85times

aday,oronceevery10minutes.AsIlearnedduringmyexperiment,___4___(place)somedistancebetweenmyselfandmydevicehelpedmedevote

myselftomyworkmore___5___(easy).Bynothavingmysmartphone,mydistraction(消遣)timewentdownandthusmyworktime___6___(spend)moreefficientlyan

deffectively.Onnumerousoccasions,Ifound___7___(I)wonderingwhattodowiththeafternoonsinceIhadalreadycompletedmyhigh-

impacttasksfortheday.Withtheextratime,Icanfinallyenjoythepleasuresoflife.【答案】4.placing5.easily6.wasspent7.myself【解析】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过亲自试验证明

了远离手机能让工作更有效。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我和手机之间保持一些距离帮助我更容易地投入到工作中。分析句子结构可知此处用动名词作主语，故填placing。【5题详解】考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词短语“devotemyselftomywork”用副词，故填easil

y。【6题详解】考查时态语态。句意：由于没有手机，我分心的时间减少了，因此我的工作时间更有效率。陈述的是过去的事情，主语myworktime与spend之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用单数，故填wasspent。【7题详解】考查

反身代词。句意：很多时候，我发现自己都在想下午该做什么，因为我已经完成了当天的重要任务。根据句意可知此处表示“我自己”，故填myself。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词

的正确形式填空。InJune2012,China’sfirstmanneddeep-seasubmersible(潜水器),Jiaolong,setaworlddivingrecordforsubmersiblesofitskindbyreachinga___8___(deep)of7,06

2metersintheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.In2017,Chinasuccessfullytestedasubmersible___9___(call)Shenh

aiYongshi,capableofdiving4,500meters.___10___muchofJiaolong’sequipmentwasimported,about95percentofShenhaiYongshianditscorecompo

nentswereproduceddomestically,saidXuQinan,thechiefdesignerofJiaolong.【答案】8.depth9.called10.While/Although/Though【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“蛟龙”号潜水器和“深海勇士”号潜水器的

设备及其下潜情况。【8题详解】考查名词。句意：2012年6月，中国第一艘载人深潜器“蛟龙”号在太平洋马里亚纳海沟下潜7062米，创造了潜水器下潜深度的世界纪录。作动词reaching的宾语用名词，adept

hof表示“深度达多少”，故填depth。【9题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，中国成功测试了一种名为“深海勇士”的潜水器，其潜水深度达到4500米。分析句子结构可知此处使用非谓语动词，submersible与call之间是逻辑上的

动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。【10题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：“蛟龙”号的首席设计师徐启南说，虽然“蛟龙”号的大部分设备都是进口的，但“深海勇士”号95%左右的设备及其核心部件都是国产的。分析句子结构并结合句意可

知此处为让步状语从句，此处表示“尽管、虽然”，故填While/Although/Though。第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）OnemorninginJuly2011,ataxisatwanderingoutsidePetcoPark

stadiuminSanDiego.AndWadeLeBlanc,a(an)___11___pitcher(棒球投手)forthePadres,climbedin.”Totheairport,please,”hetol

dthedriver.LeBlancwasheadedtoTucson,Arizona,homeoftheclub’sA-levelbranchorganizationatthetime.He’dbeensentdowntoth

eminors.Again.Fortheeighthtimeinthreeyears.“You’reWadeLeBlanc,”thetaxidriversaid.“Right.”“Yougotsomegoodst

uff.”This___12___thepitcher,afterthepreviousnight’sdisastrousperformance.“Ithinktherearesomethingsyo

ushouldthinkabout___13___,”thedrivercontinued.”Idon’tknow;I’mnota___14___.Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup(摆臂动作)”Wait

,what?Thisguywasoffering___15___?Earlierinhiscareer,LeBlancmighthave___16___Orbeenangry.Buttoday,hejust___17___.Hecould

n’taffordtodismissanything.Hiscareerwasontheline.Thenextday,inTucson,LeBlancmethis___18___.Hesaidhewasthinkingaboutm

aking___19___tohiswindup.Hiscoachagreed.Insteadofkeepinghishandstighttohischestatthebeginningofhisdelivery,LeBlancra

isedthembrieflyoverhishead,asthetaxidriverhad___20___.LeBlancincludedthenew___21___intohisnextstart.Andhewas___22_

__,allowingonlyonehitoverseveninnings(回合).Itwastheturningpointinhiscareer.Eightyearslater,LeBlancisapitcherfortheSeattl

eMariners.HesignedthefirstcontractextensionofhisMajorLeagueBaseballcareer—atage33.Thefunnythingaboutadvice:Weso

oftentakeitfromthe___23___people.Thatis,we___24___theadviceofexperts,whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.WadeLeBlanc___25___thattrend,andheobt

ainedthe___26___.“Expertadvisersoftenmakesurprisinglyinaccuratepredictionsaboutthefuture,yetpeople___27___theirsuggestionsnevertheless,”concluded

StanfordUniversitypsychologistsinastudypublishedlastyear.Now,noteveryonetookexperts’advice.Themore___28___peoplebecome,thesmallerthepoolofad

visersthey___29___.Participantsinpositionsofpowerignoredalmosttwothirdsoftheadvicetheyreceived,accordingtooneHarvardUniversitystudy.Otherpart

icipants—thecontrolandlowpowergroups—ignoredadviceabouthalfasoften.Soitrequiredamassiveincreaseofmodesty(谦虚)todowhatWadeLeBl

ancdid:hearwhatthetaxidriverwasofferinghimandacceptitasa(an)___30___.11.A.excellentB.strugglingC.ambit

iousD.awkward12.A.surprisedB.concernedC.disturbedD.angered13.A.avoidingB.makingC.tryingD.crossing14.A.playerB.directorC.jokerD.loser

15.A.serviceB.adviceC.chancesD.courses16.A.acceptedB.worriedC.smiledD.laughed17.A.explainedB.interruptedC.listenedD.guessed18.A.par

entsB.coachC.driverD.fans19.A.changesB.contributionsC.additionsD.objectives20.A.includedB.announcedC.su

ggestedD.resisted21.A.aimB.effectC.hobbyD.move22.A.patientB.optimisticC.brilliantD.justified23.A.attractiveB.popularC.humbleD.wrong24.A

.overvalueB.skipC.ignoreD.involve25.A.identifiedB.supportedC.opposedD.started26.A.qualificationsB.benefitsC.prizeD

.degree27.A.followB.abandonC.provideD.improve28.A.literaryB.successfulC.carefulD.negative29.A.tolerateB.helpC.knowD.trust30.A.jobB.exam

pleC.excuseD.gift【答案】11.B12.A13.C14.A15.B16.D17.C18.B19.A20.C21.D22.C23.D24.A25.C26.B27.A28.B29.D30.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用

韦德·勒布朗虚心接受出租车司机的建议改变自己的投球动作最后取得成功的例子告诉我们：我们往往会高估专家的建议，而低估普通人的建议，而事实上我们经常会从普通人那里得到非常有用的建议，一个人要想成功，就要虚心接受普通人给的建议。【11题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：

韦德·勒布朗，一名在教士队表现十分挣扎的投手，爬上车。A.excellent优秀的；B.struggling奋斗的、挣扎的；C.ambitious有抱负的；D.awkward笨拙的。根据下文中的“Hiscareerwasontheli

ne.”可知，韦德·勒布朗的棒球生涯岌岌可危，因此他在球队的表现得十分挣扎，故B项正确。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让韦德·勒布朗感到很惊讶，因为前一晚的比赛他表现得很糟糕。A.surprised使

惊讶；B.concerned使担心；C.disturbed打扰；D.angered使发怒。根据空后的“afterthepreviousnight’sdisastrous”可知，前一晚的比赛他表现得很糟

糕，而司机却夸他表现还不错，这让韦德·勒布朗感到很惊讶，故A项正确。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我觉得有些动作你应该考虑试一试，”司机继续说，“我不是球员，我也说不清，我想可能是在你的摆臂动作中手臂要超过头顶”。A.avoiding避免；B.making制作；C.

trying尝试；D.crossing横过。根据空后的“Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup”可知，司机让他考虑试一试新的动作，故C项正确。【14题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.player运动员

、球员；B.director导演；C.joker爱开玩笑的人；D.loser失败者。根据上文可知，韦德·勒布朗是一名棒球运动员，司机和他谈论棒球的投球动作，因此司机说他并不是一名运动员，故A项正确。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：什么?

这家伙在提建议?在职业生涯的早期，勒布朗可能会大笑（含不屑之意）或生气，今天，他只是在耐心地听着。A.service服务；B.advice建议；C.chances机会；D.courses过程。上一句司机说让他试一下在摆臂动作中手

臂要超过头顶，这是司机给他提的建议，故B项正确。【16题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.accepted接受；B.worried担心；C.smiled微笑；D.laughed发笑。根据空后的“Orbeenangry.”可知，要是在以前，勒布朗

对司机的话会不屑地大笑，故D项正确。【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.explained解释；B.interrupted打断；C.listened倾听；D.guessed猜想。空后一句说现在他不能无视任何一条建议，他的棒

球生涯岌岌可危，因此他不会像以前一样对司机的话置之不理，而是会耐心地倾听，故C项正确。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天，在图森，勒布朗遇到了他的教练。A.parents父母；B.coach教练；C

.driver司机；D.fans粉丝。根据空后的“Hiscoachagreed”可知，勒布朗遇到了他的教练，故B项正确。【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说他在考虑对摆臂动作做一些改变。A.changes改变；B.contributions贡献；C.additions附加物；

D.objectives宗旨。根据上文中的“Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup”可知，那个司机建议他在摆臂动作中手臂要超过头顶，因此勒布朗和教练说想要对他

的摆臂动作做一些改变，故A项正确。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：开始投球时，勒布朗并没有把双手紧紧地放在胸前，而是按照出租车司机的建议，把双手短暂地举过头顶。A.included包括；B.announced宣

布；C.suggested建议；D.resisted抗拒。根据上文中的“Maybesomethinglikegoingoveryourheadinyourwindup”可知，那个出租车司机建议勒布朗在摆臂动作中手臂超过头顶，故C项正确。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：

勒布朗在他的下一轮比赛中加入了这个新动作。A.aim目的；B.effect影响；C.hobby爱好；D.move动作。空前一句说投球时，勒布朗并没有把双手紧紧地放在胸前，而是按照出租车司机的建议，把双手短暂地

举过头顶，此处指的就是“把双手举过头顶”这个动作，故D项正确。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他真是太棒了，七局只被击出一支安打。A.patient耐心的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.brillia

nt杰出的；D.justified合乎情理的。空后一句说勒布朗七局只被击出一支安打，这说明他表现得非常出色，故C项正确。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于建议有趣的一点是：我们经常从错误的人那里得到建议。A.att

ractive吸引人的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.humble谦逊的；D.wrong错误的。根据上文情节可知那个人既不是运动员也不是教练，只是一个出租车司机，却给了勒布朗非常有用的建议，因此此处是说我们经常从错误的人（非专业人士）那里得到建议，故D项正确。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析

。句意：也就是说，我们往往会高估专家的建议，而低估普通人的投入（建议）。A.overvalue高估；B.skip跳过；C.ignore忽视；D.involve包含。根据空后的“whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.”可知，而

我们却低估了普通人的建议，这说明我们往往会高估专家的建议，故A项正确。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：韦德·勒布朗反对（违背了）这种趋势，结果从中获益。A.identified坚定；B.supported支持；C.opposed反

对；D.started开始。根据上文情节可知，勒布朗遵从了那个司机的建议，这说明他反对（违背了）“高估专家的建议、而低估普通人的建议”这种趋势，故C项正确。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.qualification

s资格；B.benefits益处；C.prize奖品；D.degree学位。根据上文中的“Andhewas___12___,allowingonlyonehitoverseveninnings”可知，勒布朗在比赛中表现得非常出色，七局只被击出一支安打，

这说明他从这个建议中获益了，故B项正确。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯坦福大学心理学家在去年发表的一项研究中总结道：“专家顾问对未来的预测往往出人意料地不准确，但人们还是会听从他们的建议。”。A.follow跟随、遵循；B.abandon放弃；C.provide提供；D.improve改

进。根据上文中的“Thatis,we___14___theadviceofexperts,whileundervaluingtheinputofregularfolk.”可知，我们往往会高估专家的建议，而低估普通人的建议，因此我们往往

会听从专家的建议，故A项正确。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：越成功的人，他们信任的顾问就越少。A.literary精通文学的；B.successful成功的；C.careful认真的；D.negative消极的。根据空后的“Participantsinpositionsofpowe

r”可知此处指“成功的”，故B项正确。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.tolerate忍受；B.help帮忙；C.know了解；D.trust信任。后一句说哈佛大学一项研究显示，位高权重的参与者几乎忽视了三分之二的建议，这说明越成功的

人，他们信任的顾问就越少，故D项正确。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，要像韦德·勒布朗那样行事，要懂得谦虚：倾听出租车司机给他的建议，当礼物一样接受它。A.job工作；B.example例子；C.excuse借口；D.gift礼物。根据上文情节可知，勒布朗耐心地厅出

租车司机给他的建议并听从了它，这也成为他职业生涯的转折点，因此此处指“当礼物一样接受建议”，故D项正确。【点睛】本篇第13空B项popular干扰性较大，有些同学会认为我们经常从受欢迎的人那里的得到建议而误选此项，但根据上文中的“thetaxidriver”可知，那个人

既不是运动员也不是教练，只是一个普通的出租车司机，却给了勒布朗非常有用的建议，因此此处是说我们经常从错误的人（非专业人士）那里得到建议，即：关于建议有趣的一点是：我们经常从错误的人那里得到建议，故D项（wrong）正确。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）AWhichm

ealkitserviceisrightforyou?Asthesimpleactofshoppingandpreparingfoodfordinnerbecomeshardertofitin,awaytohelpmeetconsumerneedsandc

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udingvegetarian（素食）options,low-caloriemealsand“quick”recipesthatgetdinneronthetablefast.Cost:$8.75to$9.99perserving,withupto16

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9.99perserving,withupto16servingsperweek.4.EveryPlateEveryPlateofferssimplermealsforalowercost.Userscanchoosebetweeneightrecipeseachweek,soth

ereisn’talotofflexibilityfordifferentdietaryneeds,buttherecipesarefullofflavorandgivesubscribersgenerousportions.Ifyou’relookingforanaffor

dablewaytogetintomealkits,EveryPlateisagoodoption.Cost:$4.99perserving,withupto12servingsperweek.5.DailyHarvestDailyHarvestspeciali

zesindelicioussmoothies.Themealsarepackedwithfruitsandvegetables,makingnutritioneasyandtasty.Smoothiesjustrequiretheadditio

nofliquid,sofeelfreetoaddyourfavoritetypeofmilkorwatertotheblendandgetyourdaystarted.Cost:$6.99perserving,withbetween9and26serving

savailable.31.Whichmealkitserviceisrightforavegetarian?A.DailyHarvestandEveryPlate.B.HelloFreshandBlueApron.C.EveryPlateandFreshly

.D.HelloFreshandFreshly.32.Eachmeal-deliveryplanisavailablewith______.A.fruitsandvegetablesB.unlimitedservingsC.easypreparationD.sep

araterecipes33.Themeal-deliveryplansmeetthecustomerneedsof______.A.livinganenvironmentallyfriendlylifeB.cuttingdownondailyfoodcostsC.adaptingtoanewli

festyleD.improvingcookingskills【答案】31.B32.C33.C【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个十分方便的送餐计划。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据HelloFresh部分中的“Therearemealsfo

ralmostanylifestyle,includingvegetarian（素食）options,”及BlueApron部分中的“BlueApronisfulloffreshingredients,w

ithtraditionalorvegetarianoptions.”可知，HelloFresh和BlueApron适合素食主义者，故B项正确。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据HelloFresh部分中的“eas

ytoprepare”、Freshly部分中的“Neverfrozenandonlyrequiringminimalreheating”，BlueApron部分中的“easytoprepare”，Ev

eryPlate部分中的“simplermeals”及DailyHarvest部分中的“Smoothiesjustrequiretheadditionofliquid,”等信息可知，每个送餐计划的准备都很简单，故C项正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Asthes

impleactofshoppingandpreparingfoodfordinnerbecomeshardertofitin,awaytohelpmeetconsumerneedsandchangethewa

yweshopandeathasgrown:meal-deliveryplans.”可知，随着购物和为晚餐准备食物的简单行为变得越来越难以适应，一种帮助满足消费者需求和改变我们购物和吃饭方式的方法已经发展起来：送餐计划，由此可知，送餐计划满足了顾客适应新的生活方

式的需求，故C项正确。BKylieKirkpatrickwasgettingreadyforworkwhenher9-yearoldson,RyanKyote,burstintoherbedroom.TheNapa,California-basedthird-graderhadjustwatche

danewsstoryaboutakindergartenstudentinIndianawhowasforcedtoreturnherschoollunchbecauseheraccountbalancecouldn'tcoverthemeal."Rya

nwasupset,"KirkpatricktoldTODAYParents.“Hesaid,'Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?'Thenheaskedwhathecoulddoto

help."Afterabitofbrainstorming,Kyote-pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunc

hdebtofhisentireclassatWestParkElementarySchool.ThebillcameuptoS74.50.ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpai

rofbasketballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.So,onMay24,hehappilydonatedhissixmonthsofsavingstotheNapaV

alleyUnifiedSchoolDistrictfoodservicesdepartment."Ryantoldthem,'Pleaseletmyfriendsknowthattheynolongeroweanymoney,"Kirkpatrickrecalled."Lunc

hishisfavoritepartofthedayanditbrokehishearttothinkthatit'sastressfultimeforsomechildren."Thefourth-grader-to

-bewantedhisactofkindnesstobeunknowntoothers,buthisproudmothercouldn'tresistsharingaphotoonTwitter,whereitspreadquickly."Giv

ethiskidhismoneyback.Nochildshouldbecoveringlunchdebtforhisclasswithhisallowance,"wroteoneperson.Addedanother:"Lovethisstory...Sp

ecialkid."PracticinggooddeedsisnothingnewforKyote."I'llgointothegarageandRyan'sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinneed,"Kirkpatrick,asi

gnlanguageinterpreter,toldTODAYparents."Onetime,afrienddidn'thaveanyshoesthatfit,soRyangavehimapairofhisownshoes.

"Recently,aninvestorgotwindofwhatKyotehaddoneforhisclassmatesandhecontactedKirkpatrick.“HewantedtogiveRyanmoneytoputinhissavingsaccou

nt,"shesaid.Kyote,whorecentlylosthisfathertoALS,hadanotheridea."Ryantoldthemantopayitforward,"Kirkpatricksaid."Sohemadea

donationtotheALSAssociation.Ican'tevenbegintotellyouwhatthatmeanttoRyan.Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace."34.HowdidRyanfeelafte

rwatchingthenewsstory,aboutakindergartenstudent?A.Shocked.B.Relieved.C.Excited.D.Bored.35.Insteadofbuyinganewpairofsneakers,Ryanwasmorec

oncernedabout______.A.hisschoollunchB.hisaccountbalanceC.hissixmonthsofsavingsD.hisclassmates’lunchdebt36.WhatdoweknowaboutRyanKyotefromthepassa

ge?A.Hetriedhisbesttohelphisfriendsinneed.B.Hecouldn'tresistsharinghisphotosonTwitterC.Heacceptedadonationfromthe

ALSAssociation.D.Hearguedagainstnegativereviewsonsocialmedia.37.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisalwaystoughforschoolchildren.B.Aki

dcanmakeadifferenceintheworld.C.Socialmediacanmakeyoungpeoplepopular.D.Friendshipisanimportantpartofbe

ingayouth.【答案】34.A35.D36.A37.B【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了9岁的瑞安总是尽最大努力帮助有需要的朋友——他用攒了6个月、准备买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只

是想让世界变得更加美好。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hesaid,'Mom,howdoessomethinglikethishappen?'”可知，瑞安说：“妈妈，怎么会发生这样的事情呢？”，这说明瑞安感到很震惊，故A项正确。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Kyote-

pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentirecl

assatWestParkElementarySchool.”可知，瑞安决定用他攒了6个月、准备用来买郊狼牌运动鞋的零用钱来支付他在西园小学全班同学的午餐费用，再根据第四段中的“ThoughKyotehadbeeneyeballinganewpairofbask

etballsneakers,thiswasfarmoreimportanttohim.”可知，尽管瑞安一直想买新运动鞋，但这对他来说要重要得多，由此可知，瑞安更关心的是他同学的午餐费用，故D项正确。【36题详解】细节理解题。据第三段中的

“Kyote-pronounced“coyote"-decidedhewouldusesixmonths'worthofallowancehehadsaveduptopayoffthelunchdebtofhisentirecl

assatWestParkElementarySchool.”可知，瑞安用他攒了6个月、准备买郊狼牌运动鞋的零用钱来支付他在西园小学全班同学的午餐费用，再根据倒数第四段中的“Ryan'sbikeismissingbecausehegaveittoafriendinn

eed,”可知，瑞安还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，由此可知，瑞安总是尽最大努力帮助有需要的朋友，故A项正确。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“Allhewantsistomaketheworldabetterplace.”可知，文章讲述了9岁的瑞安用

他攒了6个月、准备用来买运动鞋的零用钱来支付全班同学的午餐费用，而且他还把自己的自行车送给了一个有需要的朋友，他这么做只是想让世界变得更加美好，由此可知，这篇文章是想告诉我们一个小孩的善行也会对世界产生重大影响，故B项正确。CAcrucialperiodforlearningtheru

lesandstructureofalanguagelastsuptoaroundage17or18,saypsychologistJoshuaHartshorneofMITandhiscolleagues.Previousresearchhadsuggestedtha

tgrammar-learningabilitydevelopedinearlychildhoodbeforehittingadeadendaroundage5.However,Hartshorne’ste

amreportsonlineinCognitionthatpeoplewhostartedlearningEnglishasasecondlanguageinanEnglish-speakingcountrybyage10to12

ultimatelymasteredthenewtongueaswellasfolkswhohadlearnedEnglishandanotherlanguageatthesametimefrombirth.Bothgroups,however,fellsomewh

atshortofthegrammaticalfluencydisplayedbyEnglish-onlyspeakers.Afterages10to12,new-to-Englishlearnersreachedlowerlevelso

ffluencythanthosewhostartedlearningEnglishatyoungeragesbecausetimeranoutwhentheirgrammar-absorbingabilityfellstarting

aroundage17.Aimingforasampleoftensofthousandsofvolunteers,HartshornebeganbycontactingfriendsonFacebooktotakeanonlineEnglishgrammarquiz,wh

ichusedaperson’sresponsestoguesshisorhernativelanguageanddialect(方言)ofEnglish.Thenvolunteersfilledoutaqu

estionnaireaskingwheretheyhadlived,languagestheyhadspokenfrombirth,theageatwhichtheybeganlearningEnglishandthenumberofyearstheyhadlivedinanEnglish-sp

eakingcountry.Intheend,theresearchersanalyzedresponsesof669,498nativeandnonnativeEnglishspeakers.Statisticalcalculationsfocusedonestimati

ngatwhatagespeoplewithvaryingamountsofexperiencepeakingEnglishreachedpeakgrammarability.Researcherswhostudylanguagelearningregardthenewstudyas

fascinating,butexploratory.AccordingtopsycholinguistDavidBarneroftheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,Hartshorne’ste

amcan’tyetsaythatlanguageskilldevelopsalongasingletimeline.Differentelementsofgrammar,suchasusingcorrectwordorderorsubjectsandverbstha

tagreewithoneanother,mightbelearnedatdifferentrates,Barnersays.It’salsounclearwhethertheresponsesofvolunteerstoanonline,132-itemgrammartestreflecth

owwellofpoorlytheyactuallyspeakEnglish,hesays.What’smore,languagelearninginvolvesmorethanacrucialperiodforacquiringgrammar,ca

utionslinguistDavidBirdsongoftheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Forinstance,growingupspeakingtwolanguagesat

onceputsstillpoorlyunderstoodburdensontheabilitytograspgrammar,hesays.Inthenewstudypeoplewhowerebilingualsfrombirthfellshortof

peakEnglishgrammarscoresachievedbyEnglish-onlyspeakers.That’sconsistentwithevidencethatbilingualscannoteasilyturnoffon

elanguagewhilespeakinganother,Birdsongsays.Interactionsbetweentonguesspokenbyonepersonmayslightlydepresshowmuchc

anbelearnedaboutbothlanguages,evenifbilingualcommunicationstillreacheshighlevels,hesuggests.38.Hartshornea

ndhiscolleaguesfoundthat____.A.onereachesahigherleveloffluencyatage10B.onelearnsasecondlanguagefastestataboutage12

C.onegetsagoodgraspofEnglishgrammarbeforeage5D.one’sabilitytomastergrammardeclinesataroundage1739.Hartshor

necollecteddatathrough______.A.socialmediaB.experimentsinthelabC.literaturereviewD.face-to-faceinterviews40.DavidBarnerbelievesthat_

_____.A.languageskilldevelopsalongasingletimelineB.onlinevolunteersdonotcoverawideenoughrangeC.differentgrammaritemsmaybeacquiredatdifferentpacesD.t

hequizinthenewstudydoesnotincludeenoughquestions41.Whatcanweknowaboutbilingualsfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Theycanachieveaperfectgrammarscore.B.Grammarlearningisthebiggestburdenforthem.C.Theyareabletomakeaswiftshiftbetweenlan

guages.D.Speakingtwolanguagesaffectstheirlanguageacquisition.【答案】38.D39.A40.C41.D【解析】本文是为一篇说明文，介绍了麻省理工学院的心理学家约书亚·哈特肖恩通过研究发现学习语言规则和结构的关键时期可以持续

到17或18岁左右，其他语言学家也发表了对这项研究的不同看法。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Acrucialperiodforlearningtherulesandstructureofalanguagelastsuptoaroundage17or18,saypsycho

logistJoshuaHartshorneofMITandhiscolleagues.”可知，麻省理工学院的心理学家约书亚·哈特肖恩和他的同事发现，学习语言规则和结构的关键时期可以持续到17或18岁左右，故D项正确。【39题详解】细

节理解题。根据第三段中的“HartshornebeganbycontactingfriendsonFacebooktotakeanonlineEnglishgrammarquiz”可知，哈特肖恩首先联系脸书上的朋友参加一个在线英语语法

测试，也就是说他是通过社交媒体来收集数据的，故A项正确。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Differentelementsofgrammar,suchasusingcorrectwordorderorsubjectsandverbsthatagreewithoneanother,mi

ghtbelearnedatdifferentrates,Barnersays.”可知，大卫·巴纳说不同的语法元素，比如使用正确的词序或主谓一致，可能会以不同的速度被学习，故C项正确。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Interacti

onsbetweentonguesspokenbyonepersonmayslightlydepresshowmuchcanbelearnedaboutbothlanguages,evenifbilingualcommunicationstillreacheshighlevels”可知，一

个人说的两种语言之间的互动可能会略微降低他对两种语言的了解程度，即使双语交流仍然达到很高的水平，由此判断出，说两种语言会影响双语者的语言习得，故D项正确。DThelastdecadesawtheriseofthefieldof“plantneurobiology(神经生物学)”.That

debatablefieldisbasedontheideathatplants——whichdonotpossessbrains——handleinformationinwayssimilartoco

mplicatedanimalnervoussystems.Thisthinkingimpliesthatplantscouldfeelhappinessorsorroworpain,makeintentionald

ecisionsandevenpossessconsciousness.Butthechancesofthatare“effectivelyzero,"LincolnTaizandcolleagueswritei

nanopinionpieceinTrendsinPlantScience."There'snothingintheplantremotelycomparabletothecomplexityofth

eanimalbrain,"saysTaiz,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Someplantsarecapableofcomplicatedbehavior.Woundedleavescansendwarningsignalstootherp

artsoftheplant,andharmfulchemicalscanwarnanimalsthateatthem.Someplantsmayevenhaveaversionofshort-termmemory:Tinysens

inghairscancountthenumberoftouchesthatcomefromaclumsyinsect.Butplantsperformthesewithequipmentthat'sve

rydifferentfromthenervoussystemsofanimals,nobrainrequired,Taizargues.Heandcolleaguespointoutmethodological(方法的)faultsinsomeofthestudiesthatcl

aimplantshavebrain-likecommandcenters,animal-likenervecellsandchangingpatternsofelectricitythataresimilartoact

ivityfoundinanimalbrains.Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz'steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn'tevenmakesensefrom

anevolutionary(进化的)pointofview.Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomin

gone,Taizsays.Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn'trequirequickthinkingoroutsmarting

apredator(捕食者)——ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.“Whatusewouldconsciousnessbetoaplant?”Taizasks.Theenergyrequir

edtopowerawarenesswouldbetoocostly,andthebenefitfromsuchawarenesstoosmall.Ifaplantworriedandsufferedwhenfacedwithathre

at,itwouldbewastingsomuchenergythatitwouldn'thaveanylefttodoanythingaboutthatthreat,Taizsays.Imagineaforestfire."It'su

nbearabletoevenconsidertheideathatplantswouldbeconsciousbeingsawareofthefactthatthey'rebeingburnedtoashes,watchin

gtheyoungtreesdieinfrontofthem,"Taizsays.Thefrighteningsceneillustrates"whatitwouldactuallycostaplanttohaveconsciousnes

s."Furthermore,plantshaveplentytodowithouthavingtobeconscious,too.Withsunlight,carbondioxideandwater,plantscreatethecompounds(化合物)thatsustainmuc

hoftherestoflifeonEarth,Taizpointsout."Isn'tthatenough?"42.AccordingtoParagraph1,aplantneurobiologistwouldmostprobablyagreethat______

.A.plantsarecapableofindependentthinkingB.plantsareasbiologicallycomplexasanimalsC.plantsdevelopednervoussystemsforsurvivalD.plant

sfeelemotionsinthesamewayasanimals43.Whatdoestheunderlined"one”inParagraph4referto?A.Apredator.B.Ameal.C.Aninactiveplant.D.Alivingbeing.44Whichstate

mentdoesLincholTaizbelieve?A.Plantspossessbrain-likecommandcenters.B.Thelifestyleofplantsrequiresnervoussystems.C.Itisunnecessaryforplant

stohaveconsciousness.D.Nervoussystemsenableplantstofighttheirpredators.45.LincolnTaizintroducesaforestfireto______.A.sug

gestnewwaystostudythebehaviorsofplantsB.discussthepossibilityofplantsescapingadisasterC.illustratehowplant

smakedecisionsinfaceofdangersD.proveconsciousnesswoulddoplantsmoreharmthangood【答案】42.A43.B44.C45.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了神经生物学认为植物拥有意识，但是加州大学圣克鲁

斯分校的塔伊兹教授并不同意这种观点。并对此进行了说明。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Thatdebatablefieldisbasedontheideathatplantswhichdonotpossessbrainshandl

einformationinwayssimilartocomplicatedanimalnervoussystems.Thisthinkingimpliesthatplantscouldfeelhappinessorsorroworpain,makeinten

tionaldecisionsandevenpossessconsciousness.”可知，神经生物学认为没有大脑的植物处理信息的方式与复杂的动物神经系统相似，这种观点暗示着植物可以感受快乐或悲伤或痛苦，做出有意的决定，甚至拥有意识，由此判断出，神经生

物学家很可能会同意“植物能够独立思考”这一说法，故A项正确。【43题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchameal”可知，复杂的动物大

脑进化的部分原因是为了帮助它们捕捉食物，此处承接这一话题，是说它们避免让自己成为别人的食物，由此可知画线词指的就是前面提到的meal，故B项正确。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““Whatusewouldconsciousnessbetoaplant?”Taiz

asks.Theenergyrequiredtopowerawarenesswouldbetoocostly,andthebenefitfromsuchawarenesstoosmall.Ifaplantworriedandsufferedwhenfacedwithathreat,itwould

bewastingsomuchenergythatitwouldn'thaveanylefttodoanythingaboutthatthreat,Taizsays.”可知，意识对植物有什么用?塔伊兹问道，为意识提供所需的能源成本太高，而这

种意识带来的好处又太小，塔伊兹说，如果一株植物在面临威胁时忧心忡忡并受苦，那么它就会浪费太多的能源，以致对这种威胁束手无策，由此判断出塔伊兹认为植物没有必要具有意识，故C项正确。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Imaginea

forestfire."It'sunbearabletoevenconsidertheideathatplantswouldbeconsciousbeingsawareofthefactthatthey'rebeingburnedtoashes

,watchingtheyoungtreesdieinfrontofthem,"Taizsays.Thefrighteningsceneillustrates"whatitwouldactuallycostaplanttohaveconsciousness."”可知，想象一下森林

大火，塔伊兹说：“我们甚至都无法想象这样的想法，即植物是有意识的生物，意识到它们正被烧成灰烬，看着小树在它们面前死去”，这个可怕的场景说明了“植物拥有意识的实际代价是什么”，这说明拥有意识会让植物在森林大火中承受自己被烧和失去孩子的双重痛苦，由此判断出，塔伊

兹提到森林大火是为了证明拥有意识对植物弊大于利，故D项正确。【点睛】本篇第4题难度较大，抓住提到森林大火时塔伊兹说的话是关键，根据倒数第二段“Imagineaforestfire."It'sunbearabletoevenconsidertheideathatplantswouldbe

consciousbeingsawareofthefactthatthey'rebeingburnedtoashes,watchingtheyoungtreesdieinfrontofthem,"Taizsays.Thefrighteni

ngsceneillustrates"whatitwouldactuallycostaplanttohaveconsciousness."”可知，想象一下森林大火，塔伊兹说：“我们甚至都无法想象这样的想法，即植物是有意识的生物，意识到它们正被烧成灰烬，看着小树在它们面前死去”，这

个可怕的场景说明了“植物拥有意识的实际代价是什么”，这说明拥有意识会让植物在森林大火中承受自己被烧和失去孩子的双重痛苦，由此判断出，塔伊兹提到森林大火是为了证明拥有意识对植物弊大于利。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。Whydoesrainseemtomakeyousleepy?ThisspringontheeastcoastoftheUS,itfeelslikewe’velosttouchwiththesun.InWashington,DC,14oft

hefirst17daysofMaywererainy.___46___.Itmeansthatforme,Maryhasbeenoneofthemonthsl'vefeltthesleepiest.Thedullweathercanhitalmostallof

oursensesinawaythatgivesasigntousitistimeforasleep.Firstthere'swhatwesee-orrather,whatwedon't.___47___Whenit'srainingandskiesareclou

dy,wemissoutourbody'sinternalalarmclock.AsNaomi,ascientistfromCentralonQueenslandUniversitysaid,whenyoudon'tseethesunlightfirstthinginthemorning,your

bodynevergetsthesignalthatitneedstoshiftintodaytimemode.___48___Plantsproduceoilsduringdryperiods,possiblytostopseedsfromd

eveloping.Whenitrains,thewaterbringsouttheoilsandtheymixwithachemicaltocreatea"musky”smell.___49___.Additionally,af

terathunderstormthere'sachanceyoumaysmellozone(臭氧),whichisgeneratedwhenlightninginteractswiththeair.Somecompareitssmelltothatofcleanbe

dsheets.Rainsoundsarealsocomforting.Therhythmicpatternofrainhittingaroof,umbrella,orthegroundbelowiscalled"pinknoise."Pinknoiseisa

categoryofbackgroundnoisethathasallofthefrequenciesthathumancanhearandhaslowervolumesathigherfrequencies.Accordingtosomeresearch,itmayimproveourqu

alityofsleepbydecreasingourbrainactivity.___50___Thedifficultyinwakingup,thefresh,earthyscents,andthepeaceoftheraintappingonwindowsareenou

ghtomakeanyonewanttogobacktobedfortheday.Sadly,noneofthisevidenceisenoughtojustifydoingso;butitcanatleastexplainwhyyoumayfeelalittlesleepyonthese

cloudydays.A.Noisescanmakeusfeelsleepierduringthedaytime.B.Theothershavebeencloudyanddullforatleastpartoftheday.C.Thatearthysmellof

raincanmakeyoufeelcalmandcomfortable.D.Itmakesiteasierforustowakeupfromoursleepthenightbefore.E.Sunlightcausesourbodiestostopproducingwhatmakes

ussleepyatnightF.Andyou'llalsosmellthatwhenyouareinyourgardenturningoveryoursoilG.Youcanlistentoanhourofrainonawindowhere,ifyouintendto

testitout【答案】46.B47.E48.C49.F50.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为什么雨天会让人犯困。【46题详解】空前说在华盛顿特区，5月的前17天中有14天下雨，此处承接上文，讲的是另外几天的天气情况，故

B项（其他几天一天中至少有一段时间多云）符合语境。【47题详解】空后说下雨和多云时，我们会错过体内的闹钟，因此此处会提到晴天（阳光）对我们身体的影响，故E项（阳光会让我们的身体停止产生让我们晚上犯困的东西）符合语境。【48题详解】空后说下雨时，雨水会把植物在晴天时产生的油带出来，

油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，因此此处说的是雨天会产生一种什么味道，故C项（雨水中的土腥味能让你感到平静和舒适）符合语境。【49题详解】空前说下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，

F项中的that指代的就是前面提到的“a"musky”smell”，故F项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。【50题详解】空前说根据一些研究，雨点的滴答声可以通过减少大脑活动来改善我们的睡眠质量，此处承接上文，讲的是你可以通过听雨来检验这一点，故

G项（如果你想测试一下，你可以在窗前听一小时的雨声）符合语境。【点睛】在七选五的解题过程中，选项中的代词与空处上下文出现的某一（些）名词的指代关系往往是重要线索，例如本篇第4题，根据空前的“Whenitrains,thewaterbringsouttheoilsandtheymix

withachemicaltocreatea"musky””可知，下雨时，雨水会把油带出来，油和一种化学物质混合，产生一种“麝香味”，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于“麝香味”这一话题，F项中的that指代的就是前面提到的“a"musky”smell”

，故F项（当你在花园里翻土的时候，你也会闻到这种味道）符合语境。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim从书上看到了中国学生做“课间操”的图片，向你询问有关情况。请你给他回复邮件，介绍相关信息，内容

包括：1）课间操的基本情况(时间、次数…)；2）你们做课间操的感受。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。提示词：课间操exercisebetweenclassesDearJim,_____________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】Dea

rJim,Howiseverythinggoing?Iamgladtohearfromyou.Learningthatyouareinterestedin“exercisebetweenclasses”,Iamwritingto

tellyoumoreaboutit.Designedespeciallyforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents,exercisebetweenclassescontainssomebasicmovementslikeju

mping,moving,running,clapping,andkicking.Usuallywedoitbetweenthesecondandthethirdclassesinthemorning,atthesamepacetothemusic,whic

hlasts20minutes.AsfarasIamconcerned,itisnecessaryandbeneficialtodoexercisebetweenclasses.First,asthefamoussayinggoes,lifeliesonexercise

.Tomaintainphysicalfitnessandoverallhealth,wemustinvolveourselvesinregularsportspractice.Besides,itcontrib

utestoapleasantmood.Ifyouhaveanyfurtherquestions,justletmeknow.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华

。你的英国好友Jim从书上看到了中国学生做“课间操”的图片，向你询问有关情况。请你给他回复邮件，介绍相关信息，内容包括：1）课间操的基本情况(时间、次数…)；2）你们做课间操的感受。时态应为一般现在时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如；maintain（保持）

，exercisebetweenclasses（课间操），necessary（必要的），attractive（有吸引力的），beneficial（有益的），pace（步速），mood（情绪），physicalfitness（身体健康）及contain（包含）等。第

3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有contributet

o（有助于），beinterestedin（对……感兴趣），hearfrom（收到某人来信），bedesignedfor(为……设计)，involveoneselfin（参与）以及lieon（取决于），而且还使

用了非限定性定语从句“Usuallywedoitbetweenthesecondandthethirdclassesinthemorning,atthesamepacetothemusic,whichlasts20minutes.”，状语从句“First,asthefam

oussayinggoes,lifeliesonexercise.”，形式主语“AsfarasIamconcerned,itisnecessaryandbeneficialtodoexercisebetweenclas

ses.”，非谓语动词“Learningthatyouareinterestedin“exercisebetweenclasses”,Iamwritingtotellyoumoreaboutit.”及“Desi

gnedespeciallyforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents,exercisebetweenclassescontainssomebasicmovementslikejumping,moving,running,clapping,andk

icking.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。第二节（20分）52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加志愿活动的过程。注意：词数不少于60。_________________________________________________

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Lastweek,I,togetherwithsomeofmyclassmates,participatedinanactivitywiththethemeofplantingvegetables.Uponhearingthenews,someof

usimmediatelydecidedtosignup.Thenalloftheparticipantswereinvolvedinalecture,duringwhichourteachertaugh

tussomefundamentalskillsabouthowtogetthevegetableswellplanted.Havingbeenfullyprepared,weallgatheredatourgardenp

lotandattentivelysowedtheseedsintothefield,wishingthattheywouldflourishdaybyday.Duringthenextfewdays,wecametoseethemonschedule,wateredthem,andexactl

ywrotedowntheirgrowthdiaries.Asweexpected,theysproutedandgrewupwithgreatenergy,andatlast,wegainedagoodharvest.Weallsmileddelightedlyandourmonito

rtooksomepicturestomemorizethisamazingmoment.Itturnedouttobeanunforgettableandfulfillingexperience.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是图画作文，要求写一篇周记描述你参加的一项

志愿活动。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求根据四幅图描述你参加的一项志愿活动：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你参加志愿活动的过程，时态应为一般过去时。第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词

（组），如；participant（参与者），plantvegetables（种菜），fundamentalskills（基本技巧），attentively（聚精会神地），sow（播种），sprout（发芽），growthdiary（成长日记），flourish（茁壮成

长），fulfilling（有意义的），unforgettable（难忘的）及memorize（纪念）等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面

的整洁美观。【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有participatein（参加），withthethemeof（主题是），onschedule(按时)，signup（报名），beinvolv

edin（参与），writedown（记下），togetherwith（和、连同），growup（成长）以及takepictures（拍照），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句和宾语从句“Thenalloftheparticipantswer

einvolvedinalecture,duringwhichourteachertaughtussomefundamentalskillsabouthowtogetthevegetableswellplanted.”，定语从句“Asweexpe

cted,theysproutedandgrewupwithgreatenergy”，非谓语动词“Uponhearingthenews,someofusimmediatelydecidedtosignup.”及“Hav

ingbeenfullyprepared,weallgatheredatourgardenplotandattentivelysowedtheseedsintothefield,wishingthattheywouldfl

ourishdaybyday.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。