重庆市万州二中2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试物理试题含答案

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第4题图万州二中2023届2021年秋季期中考试物理试题(满分:100分完成时间:75分钟)第Ⅰ卷(共43分)一、单项选择题(本大题共7小题,每题4分,共28分,每题只有一个选项正确)1.以下说法正确的是()A.电流总是从高电势流向低电势

B.电源的输出功率越大,电源的效率越高C.在静电场中,沿着电场线方向电势逐渐降低D.电容器电容C与电容器所带电荷量Q成正比2.下列说法中正确的是()A.由URI=可知,电阻R与电压U、电流I都有关系B.由qIt=可知,I与q成正比、

t成反比C.各种材料的电阻率都与温度有关,材料的电阻率越大,导电性能越好D.一段粗细均匀的铜丝电阻为R,当把它拉成直径为原来1/2的均匀细丝后,其电阻变为16R3.如图所示为某示波管内的聚焦电场,实线和虚线分别表示电场线和等势线.两电子分别从a、b两点

运动到c点,设电场力对两电子做的功分别为Wa和Wb,a、b点的电场强度大小分别为Ea和Eb,则()A.Wa=Wb,Ea>EbB.Wa≠Wb,Ea>EbC.Wa=Wb,Ea<EbD.Wa≠Wb,Ea<Eb4.在两个半圆柱面构成的区域内,有一均匀的径向电场,径向宽度很

小,电场线如图中的径向实线所示.欲使电荷量相同的正离子从左端进入,沿同一半圆路第3题图第5题图第7题图径运动后从右端射出,这些离子应具备相同的()A.比荷B.动能C.速度D.质量5.如图所示,平行金属板中带电质点P

处于静止状态,不考虑电流表和电压表对电路的影响,当滑动变阻器R4的滑片向b端移动时,则()A.电流表读数减小B.电压表读数增大C.质点P将向下运动D.R3上消耗的功率逐渐增大6.如图所示,虚线a、b、c是电场中的三个等势面,相邻等势面间的电势差相等,实线为一个带负电的质点仅在电场力

作用下通过该区域的运动轨迹,P、Q是轨迹上的两点.下列说法中正确的是()A.带电质点一定是从Q点向P点运动B.三个等势面中,等势面c的电势最高C.带电质点通过P点时的加速度比通过Q点时小D.带电质点通过P点时的动能比通过Q点时

的动能小7.如图所示,两个电阻串联后接在电路中a、b两点,a、b两点的电压U保持不变。某同学把一个电压表并联在1R两端时,电压表读数为1U,将该电压表并联2R在两端时,电压表读数为2U。已知1R、2R及电压表内阻阻值各不相同,均约为几千欧。以下说法正

确的是()A.2121RRUU=B.1221RRUU=C.UUU=+21D.UUU+21二、多项选择题(本大题共3小题,每题5分,共15分,选对但不全得3分,全对得5分,有错不得分)8.如图(甲),

A、B是一条电场线上的两点,若在A点释放一初速为零的电子,电子仅受电场力作用,并沿电场线从A运动到B,其速度随时间变化的规律如图所示(乙).设A、B两点的电场强度分别为EA、EB,电势分别为A、A,则()第6题图第9题图vtO第8题图(甲)AB第8题图(乙

)A.BAEE=B.BAEEC.BA=D.BA9.如图所示,平行板电容器的两极板A、B接于电池两极,两极板间的距离为d,一带正电小球悬挂在电容器内部,小球质量为m,电量为q。闭合开关S,电容器充电,这时悬线偏离竖直方向的夹角为,重力加

速度为g,则()A.两极板间的电势差为tanmgdqB.保持开关S闭合,带正电的A板向B板靠近,则不变C.开关S断开,带正电的A板向B板靠近,则不变D.开关S断开,当两极板错开使正对面积减小时,则不变10.如图甲所示,电源的电动势E=9V,它和灵敏电流

表G的内阻均不可忽略,电压表V为理想电压表,热敏电阻R的阻值随温度的变化关系如图乙所示.闭合开关S,当R的温度等于20℃时,电流表示数I1=2mA.根据以上信息判断,下列说法正确的是()A.电流表内阻与电源内阻之和为0.5kΩB.电流表示数I2=3mA时热敏电阻的温度是60℃C.温度升高

时电压表示数U与电流表示数I的比值变小D.温度升高时电压表示数变化量△U与电流表示数变化量△I的比值不变第Ⅱ卷(共57分)三、实验题(本大题共2小题,共16分,每空2分)11.(4分)(1)用螺旋测微器测量某圆柱体的直径,测量结果如图甲所示,该工件的直径为_______mm。第

10题图(乙)第10题图(甲)t/℃R/kΩ040801201601234ERVSG第12题图1(2)如图乙是用多用电表欧姆挡“×10”挡位测量某电阻阻值,则其阻值为_________Ω。12.(12分)智能扫地机器人是生活中的好帮手,已走

进了千家万户。如图1是国内某品牌扫地机器人所用的3500mA·h大容量镍氢电池组,其续航能力达到80分钟,标称电动势为14.4V。小明想测出该电池组的电动势和内阻。他找来了如下器材:A.待测电源E(电动势约14.4V,内阻约1Ω)B.定值电阻R1(

电阻5Ω)C.电阻箱R2(最大阻值99999.9Ω)D.电流表A(量程0.6A,内阻约2Ω)E.电压表V(量程3V,内阻2500Ω)F.滑动变阻器R3(0~100Ω,2A)G.滑动变阻器R4(0~1000Ω,0.5A)I.开关、导线若干(1)由于电压表的量程太小,小明用电阻箱与电压表V___

____(填“串联”或“并联”),并将电阻箱的阻值调到_______kΩ,把该电压表量程扩大为15V,令改装后的电压表为'V。(2)如图2所示,由于该电源的内阻较小,电压表示数变化会不明显,所以小明先将定值电阻R1与电源串接起来,实验中滑动变阻器应选用__

________(填“R3”或“R4”)。第11题图(乙)第11题图(甲)Ia(3)闭合电键,调节滑动变阻器R,测出多组数据,作出电压与电流的关系图线如图3所示。根据图线可得该电源的电动势E=______V,内阻r=______Ω。(结果均保留一

位小数)(4)若某小组同学根据图2电路测得的数据,作出I-U图像如图4所示,已知图线的斜率的绝对值为k,纵截距为a,则该电源的电动势为E=____________(用题中所给字母表示)。四、解答题(本大题共3小题,共41分,要求用恰当的文字和正确的公式表述)13.(10分)如图所

示,在A点固定一正电荷,电量为Q,在离A高度为H的C处由静止释放某带电为q,质量为m的液珠,开始运动瞬间的加速度大小a=3g(g为重力加速度),能达到最高点B点。已知静电常量为k,两电荷均可看成点电荷,不计空气阻力。求:(1)液珠的比荷q/m(2)液珠速度最大时离

A点的距离h。14.(12分)如图所示,内壁光滑、内径很小的1/4圆弧管固定在竖直平面内,圆弧的半径r=0.2m,在圆心O处固定一个点电荷Q−。一质量为m=0.06kg,电荷第13题图·BA·C量为q=8×10-3C,直径略小于圆管内径的

带电小球,从与O点等高的A点沿圆管内由静止运动到最低点B,然后从B点进入板间距离d=0.08m的两平行板电容器后,刚好能在水平方向上做匀速直线运动,且此时电路中的电动机刚好能正常工作。已知电源的电动势E=12V,内阻为r2=1Ω,定值电阻R=6Ω,电动机的内阻为r2=1Ω。(取g=10m/s²,小

球进入电容器后不考虑外部点电荷的作用力),求:(1)小球到达B点时的速度v;(2)电容器两端电压UM为多大;(3)电动机的效率。15.(19分)如图所示的电路中,直流电源的电动势VE9=,内电阻=5.1r,=5.41R,2R为电阻箱。两带小孔的平行金属

板A、B竖直放置;另两个平行金属板C、D水平放置,板长cmL30=板间的距离cmd20=,MN为荧光屏,C、D的右端到荧光屏的距离cmL10'=,O为C、D金属板的中轴线与荧光屏的交点,P为O点下方的一点,cmLOP10=,当电阻箱的阻值调为

=32R时。闭合开关K,待电路稳定后,将一带电量为Cq19106.1−−=,质量为kgm30109−=的粒子从A板小孔从静止释放进入极板间,不考虑空气阻力、带电粒子的重力和极板外部的电场。(1)

求带电粒子到达小孔B时的速度多大?(2)求带电粒子从极板C、D离开时速度?(3)使粒子恰好打到P点,2R的阻值应调到多大?OR1Er万州二中2023届2021年秋季期中考试(物理参考答案及评分参考标准)一、选择题(10

小题,共43分,其中1到7题选对得4分,8到10选全得5分,选不全得3分,有错得0分。二、填空题(每空2分,共16分)11.(4分)(1)6.860(2)10012.(12分)(1)串联10(2)R3(3)14.61.0(4

)ka13.(10分)(1)释放瞬间,由牛顿第二定律:mamgHQqk=−2····························································(3分)

解得:KQghmq24=···························································(2分)(2)当液滴的加速度为零时,速度达最大mghQqk=2··············

·····················································(3分)解得:Hh2=······························································(2分)14.(12分)(1)A、B在同一等

势面,小球从A点到B点,库仑力不做功·······(1分)A到B,由动能定理:221mvmgr=···································(1分)解得:smv/2=············

··················································(1分)题号12345678910答案CDABCDAADACACDCD(2)小球恰好沿水平方向做匀速直线运动qEmg=····································

···································(1分)EdU=···································································

····(1分)解得:VU6=································································(1分)(3)流过电阻R的电流:ARUI1==·····································(

1分)电动机两端的电压:VRrIEUM5)(2=+−=·························(1分)电动机的总功率:WIUpMM5==·····································(1分)电动机的热功率:WrIpr1

222==·········································(1分)电动机的输出功率:WPPprM42=−=机································(1分)电动机的效率:%80%100==MPp机·····

·······························(1分)15.(19分)(1)rRREI++=21.····························································(1

分)11IRU=·····································································(1分)从A到B:20121mvqU=··········

········································(1分)解得:smv/10450=····················································(1分)(2)22IRU=·······

·······························································(1分)dUE22=·····································

·································(1分)竖直方向:maqE=2·····················································(1分)atvy=·········

·······························································(1分)水平方向:tvL0=··············································

···········(1分)220yvvv+=······························································(1分)解得:smv/10525=··········

·········································(1分)与水平方向夹角21tan0==vvy·········································(1分)(3)

设调整R2后,R1、R2上的电压分别为''21UU与201'21'mvqU=································································(1分)'''01vLmdqUvy=······················

··········································(1分)速度偏转角:'''tan01vvy=···················································(1分)解得:dULU'2''tan122=

·····················································(1分)由类平抛运动规律:速度反向延长线交于水平位移中点52'2'tan=+=LLLOP·································

························(1分)而:1212''RRUU=······························································(1分)联立解得

:=4.22R····················································(1分)

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