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2023-2024-1长沙一中高一上期中考试英语时量：120分钟满分：150分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)略第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AEyeOpenerVolunteerDescriptionForabout30years,theMuseumofScienceEyeOpenerProgramhasbe

enworkingwiththeBostonPublicSchoolstobringtheexcitingworldofsciencetosecondgradestudentsfromacrossthecity.Eachyear,about3

,000studentsfromover45Bostonschoolsvisitthemuseumtoexplore,askquestionsandfindanswers.Since1986,fundsfromtheGermeshause

nFamilyFoundationhavesupportedtheEyeOpenerPrograminprovidingaguidedmuseumexperienceforsecondgraders.Withthehelpofalargecorpsofvolunteers,theprogra

mintroducesthesestudentstothemuseumandgivesthemachancetoengageinscience.EyeOpenervolunteersencourageexpl

orationandtheexcitementofdiscoveryastheysharethemuseumwiththechildren.Theyachievethesegoalsthroughconversation,hands-onexperim

ents,explorationofexhibits,andPracticingscientificthinkingskillswithprogramparticipants.Responsibili

tiesEachTuesdaymorning,thestudentsaregroupedintosetsof4to6withapairofvolunteerswhogivethematourofthemuseum.Tour

slastabouttwohoursandaretailoredtotheinterestsofthestudents.Learnthelay-outofthemuseumtoshareandexplorewithsecondgraderstheexhibitswhichMaybeintere

stingtothem.Encouragechildrentoobserve,compare,describe,askquestionsandshareideas.Knowmuseumemergenceandsafetyprocedures.W

orkinclosecollaborationwithadiversegroupofvolunteers.MinimumQualifications●Patience,sensitivity,andunder

standing.●Willingnesstoworkwithyoungchildrenandhighschoolstudentsofallbackgroundsandabilities.●Interestininformalsc

ienceeducation.AdditionaldetailsCommitment:Four-tosix-monthcommitment.Time:Tuesdaymornings(9:30-12:30)throughouttheschoo

lyear.Training:AttendanceattheNewVolunteerOrientationsessionisrequired.1.TheMuseumofScienceEyeOpenerProgramaimsat____

____.A.encouragingteenagerstovisitthemuseumB.guidingyounggirlsfallinlovewithscienceC.directingBostonschoolstoteachscienceD.helpingkidsenga

geinscienceinthemuseum2Whatcanstudentsdothroughtheprogram?A.Payavisittothemuseumanydaytheylike.B.Learnaboutwhattheyareinterestedin.C.Takeat

ourofthemuseuminagroupoftwo.D.Lookaroundthemuseumfor4hourseachtime.3.TheVolunteersarerequiredto________.A.workonTuesdaymorningsB.

getadiplomainscienceC.haveasenseofhumorD.volunteerforatleastoneyearBIntheanimalkingdom,killerwhales(虎鲸)aresocialstars:theyt

ravelinvariedfamilygroups,careforgrandchildren,andevenimitatehumanspeech.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorebehavi

ortothelist:formingfastfriendships.Anewstudyshowskillerwhalescanrivalanimalssuchaschimpanzeesandmacaques(akindofmonkey),andevenhumanswhenitcome

stothekindof“socialtouch”thatindicatesstrongbonds.Someoceananimalsmaintainsocialstructures—includingmaledolphinsthatlearnthe“names”oftheirclos

eallies(盟友).Butthereislittledataaboutwildkillerwhales.That’swheredrone(无人机)technologycamein.MichaelWeiss,abehavioralecol

ogist,teamedupwithhiscolleaguestolaunchdrones,flyingthem30to120metersaboveagroupofkillerwhales.Thatwashighenough

nottotroublethewhales,markingthefirsttimedroneshavebeenusedtostudyfriendlyphysicalcontactinwhales.Theresearchersrecordedover800instancesofphysica

lcontactbetweenindividuals.Thoseincludedhugs,back-to-backandnose-to-nosetouchesbetweenpairsofwhales.Otherwhalesplayfullythrewyoungwhalesinto.thea

ir,lettingthemfallintothewater.Besides,thedroneimagesrevealedclearpreferencesamongindividuals,usuallyforone“bestfriend”ofthesamesexandage.Tak

eJ49andJ51—twodistantlyrelatedyoungmalesaged9and6—forinstance.“Everytimeyouseeagroupofwhales,thosetwoarerightthereinteractingwitheachother,

”Weisssays.Theyoungledmostoftheseinteractions,ratherthantheolderfemalesormales.Oldermalesinparticularwerelessimportant.“Theyoungind

ividualsreallyseemtobetheglueholdingthegroupstogether,”Weisssays.Asindividualsage,thisgraduallossof“centrality”isknowninman

ysocialmammals,includinghumans.Thatfindingis“especiallyappealing”toStaceyTecot,whowasn’tinvolvedinthestudy.“Scientists

havelongobservedthissocialagingtrendinanimals,buttherearestillmanyunansweredquestions,”shesays.That’scertainlyontheresearchers’radar.“We’realre

adygatheringnewdata,withmoreadvancedequipment,”saysWeiss.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“rival”inParagraph1proba

blymean?A.Benefitfrom.B.Beequalto.C.Dependon.D.Befondof.5.WhatisnewaboutWeiss’research?A.Theresearchmethod.B.Thevarie

tyofspecies.C.Thesizeoftheresearchteam.D.Thetimespentontheresearch.6.WhatdidWeissfindaboutJ49andJ51?A.Theyhaveas

tablefriendship.B.Theirinteractionsaremorecomplicated.C.Theircommunicatingwayschangefrequently.D.Theypreferplayingw

ithyoungfemalewhales.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Moreresearcherswillbeinvolvedinthestudy.B.Otherscientistst

akeanegativeattitudetotheresearch.C.Researcherswillcollectmoredatatostudykillerwhales.D.Researcherswilluncoverthesocialagingtrendinanimalssoon.C

Thirteenyearsago,AvaKaufmanwasfightingforherlife.Now,thankstoadonorheartandsuccessfulorgantransplant,she’salive—andsavingothers.“My

lifechangedonadime.”saidKaufman,whowasaprofessionaldancerandblackbeltintaekwondo(跆拳道)whenanautoimmunedisease

wentundiagnosedandsheendeduponlifesupportinintensivecarewithorganfailure.Onherbirthdayin2009,shereceivedan

ewheartandpromisedGodifshecouldlivetoraiseheryoungdaughter,shewoulddoeverythingshecouldtogiveback.Today,Kaufmanisdoingjus

tthat.Kaufmanstartedhernon-profit,Ava’sHeart.Sheandherorganizationoffertransplantpatientsservicesthatareoftennotco

veredbyinsurance,includingfood,gas,andhousing.Shefoundoutthatpatientsoftenmustshowfinancialsecurityandbeabletoaffordtransportatio

nandhousingneartheirtransplanthospitaltogetlisted.AndforsomepatientshopingtoreceiveatransplantinabigcitylikeLos

Angeles,whererentsarehighandhotelsareexpensive,thecostalonecouldbeabarrier.Kaufmanrunstwohousinglocationswhereshehousesuptofivetransplantpatientsandt

heirfamiliesatatime,atnocost,aftertheirsurgery.Thisallowsthemtoremainclosetotheirtransplanthospitalforthedurationoftheiraftercare.Sinceshestar

ted,Kaufmanhashelpedabout175peoplewithpost-transplanthousing,andabout150morewithsupportservicesandfinancialassistance.At72,Kaufmanworksout

everydayandhasnoplanstoslowdown.“IfeellikeIwaschosentodothis,”shesaid.“WhenImadeapromisetoGod,Ididn’tknowwhatitwas

goingtobe,butitturnedouttobemynon-profit,Ava’sHeart.”8.WhatleftKaufman’slifeindanger?A.Aheartfromadonor.B.Anundiagnoseddisease.C.Anorga

ntransplant.D.ApromisetoGod.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onadime”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Immediately.B.Slightly.C.FrequentlyD.Occ

asionally.10.WhatcanweinferaboutAva’sHeart?A.Ithasofferedhousingto175patientsaftertheirtransplantsurge

ries.B.Itplanstoslowdownbecausenoprofitcanbemadefromthepatients.C.ItwasstartedbyKaufmantohelpthetrans

plantpatientswithinsurance.D.Itmakesagreatdifferencetothepatientswhocan’taffordthecost.11.Whatisthebest

titleforthetext?A.AWomanFightingforLife.B.NeverLoseHeartinFuture.C.HomeisWheretheHeartis.D.HeartDonationtoThoseinNeed.DFacebookhasdevelopedakindof

AI(人工智能)translatingbetweenanypairof100languageswithoutdependingonfirsttranslatingtoEnglish.Facebook’ssystemwastrained

onadatasetof7.5billionsentencepairscollectedfromthewebacross100languages,thoughnotallthelanguageshadanequalnumberofsentencepa

irs.“WhatIwasreallyinterestedinwascuttingoutEnglishasamiddleman.Globallythereareplentyofcountrieswheretheyspeaktwolan

guagesthataren’tEnglish,”saysAngelaFanofFacebookAI,wholedthework.Forsomelanguagepairs,thenewsystemshowsprominentimprovementsintranslationqualit

y.Forexample,translatingfromSpanishtoPortugueseisextremelystrongbecauseSpanishisthesecond-mostspokenfirstlanguageworldwide,mea

ningtheresearcherscangetalotofdata.TranslationbetweenEnglishandBelarusian(白俄罗斯语)alsoisimprovedbecausetheAIcantranslateRussianintoEnglish,whi

chsharessimilaritieswithBelarusian.Whilethesystemisn’tinuseonthesocialnetworksite,Facebookplanstoputittoworksoontoman

agethe20billiontranslationsmadeeverydaywhenpeopleclick“Translate”onposts(帖子)writteninmorethan160languages.“Futureworkwillbedoneonoth

erlanguages,”saysFan,“especiallyforlanguageswherewedon’thavealotofdata,likeSouth-EastAsianandAfricanlanguages.”Thework“breaks

awayfromtheEnglish-centricmodelsandtriestobuildmoredifferentmodels,”saysSheliaCastilhooftheADAPTCentreatDublinCityUniversity,Ireland.“

That’sprettynewanddifferent.Butit’shardtoknowiftheAIdoesarighttranslationwork,”saysCastilho.“Theusersmaynotknowtheo

therlanguage,sotheycannotjudgethecorrectnessofthetranslation.”12.What’sAngelaFan’spurposeofdoingtheresearch?A.Tocollectdataofa

llkindsofpeople.B.Tomakelearningdifferentlanguageseasier.C.Toachieveherdreamofbecomingatranslator.D.ToavoidusingEnglisha

samiddlemanintranslation.13.WhyisiteasytotranslatefromSpanishtoPortuguesebyAI?A.ThereismuchdataonSpanish.B.Portugueseissim

ilartoSpanish.C.Researchershaveagoodknowledgeofthetwolanguages.D.Spanishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeople.

14.WhatisCastilhoworriedabout?A.ThesafetyofAItranslation.B.ThecorrectnessofAItranslation.C.ThewayofusingFacebook.D.Thenu

mberofpostsonthewebsite.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FacebookAICanTalkwiththeUsersB.FacebookWantstoBuyaNewSystemC.Faceboo

kAICanTranslateAnyPairof100LanguagesD.FacebookHasLostManyUsers第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入

空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Changingyourlifecancomeinsmall,easysteps.Youcantransformyourselfandliveabetterlifebymakingpositivechangesalongtheway.Herear

esomechoicesthatwillleadtoyourtransformation.ChoosetochangebadhabitsSomebadhabitsseemtostickaroundwithoutusevenrealizingit.____16____Youcanoverc

omethem,findbetteralternatives,andgetthroughyourstruggletobecomeabetteryou!Doitforyourselfmorethananyt

hing.ChoosetogrowIt’seasytogetstuckinafixedwayoflife._____17_____Inchoosingtogrowyoubuildcharacter,developyourstrengths,becomeaware

ofwhatneedsimprovement,andturnintothewell-roundedpersonyouneedtobetosucceed.ChoosetoseekabalancedlifeWheredoyouneedbalance?Areyouallwork,noplay?Or

theopposite?_____18_____Ifyou’respendingtoomuchtimeworkingorlockedawayalone,findthetimeforsocialinteractionandhavingfun.Ify

ouhaven’tcommittedtoascheduleinawhile,makethedecisiontostartfollowingone._____19_____Thisisvitaltohumanexistence.

Weneedthelovingbondscreatedbyfamilymembersandfriends.Personalrelationshipsarekeytoemotionalgrowthandsocialstabil

ity.ChoosetoliveyourpassionWhateveryourdreamis,youcanhaveit.Thepersonyouwishtobeandthethingsyouwishtoachievearewithinyou.Makethechoicet

opursuethosepassionsatwhatevercost.Itmaymeanclearingoutyourscheduleordoingsomethingyou’veneverdone.___

__20_____A.ChoosetospendtimewiththoseyouloveB.ChoosetoorganizeyourscheduleflexiblyC.Makethechoicetodaythatyouwon’tbe

ruledbythem.D.Neitherextremewillleadyoutoapleasantlifeforverylong.E.Howeverwithre-evaluationandgrowthcomesabeautifulfreedom.F.It’sgoodtochange,a

ndyou’veonlygotsomanyyearstorefreshyourself.G.However,therewardfromsuccessandpersonalaccomplishmentwillb

eworthit.,,第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分55分)第一节(共30小题;每小题1分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ALastmonth

,Kochwenttomakebreakfastandfounda(n)____21____guestusinghispool.Alargemoose(驼鹿)wasswimminginthedeepend,____22__

__inthesolarcover(太阳能覆盖膜).“Ilookedoutinthebackyardandthere’sthemooseabsolutelyscaredand____23____,”KochtoldTheDodo.“She

steppedonthesolarcoverandputher____24____throughitandshewas____25____tryingtogetfree.”KochhasnoticedmorewildlifearoundhishomeinOttawa,buthe

had____26____seenananimalthisimpressivebefore.Herushedoutsideand____27____thesolarcoveroffthepoormoose,whocontinuedswimmingaroundthepool,provingtobe

a____28____skilledswimmer.Thewildmooseseemedtobehavingtroublefindingherwayoutofthepool,soKochcalledthepoliceandwildlifeservicestoseeiftheycould___

_29____ahand.“Shelookedsopitifullysadouttherethatmywifesaid,‘Iwanttogivehera____30____.’”Workersfromwildlifeservicesintendedthattheywouldgethertoasa

ferspot,buttheycouldn’t____31____ituntilshewasoutofthewater.“The____32____thingthathappenedwasthatafter3.5hourssheclimbedoutoftheshallo

wendand____33____thefence,”Kochsaid.Themoose____34____unhurt,butthesamecan’tbesaidforKoch’spool—whichnowhastwohoof-sized(马蹄大小的)holesinth

e____35____.21.A.informalB.ordinaryC.generousD.unexpected22.A.attractedB.stuckC.removedD.tricked23.A.strugglingB.sleep

ingC.shoutingD.searching24.A.shoulderB.footC.faceD.back25.A.regularlyB.passivelyC.anxiouslyD.unwillingly26.A.

alwaysB.usuallyC.neverD.sometimes27.A.pulledB.calledC.putD.dropped28.A.surprisinglyB.slightlyC.fortunatelyD.simply29.A.donateB.recognizeC.lendD.cure3

0.A.liftB.hugC.smileD.credit31.A.recoverB.followC.cancelD.manage32.A.mostawkwardB.bestC.funniestD.strangest33.A.bro

keintoB.showedoffC.jumpedoverD.letgoof34.A.escapedB.participatedC.hesitatedD.fainted35.A.topB.coverC.wallD.botto

mBAlittlegirlwhobattledagainstcancerreceivedaspecialgiftonherthirdbirthday,thankstoacreativestrangerfromIdaho.JessicaSebas

tian,ownerofSebastianDesign,was____36____byDanielleMunger,whosedaughter,Brynn,lostaneyebecauseofcancer.DanielleaskedJessicaif

shecouldmakeabunnydollwithone____37____.“Imakedolls,whichisnotaheroic____38____.ButrecentlyIwasaskedtomakeadollfora

littlegirlwhoisatrue____39____,”Jessicawrote.“AmadamcontactedmeandaskedifIwouldmakeabunnydollwithoneeyeforhertwo-year-olddaughterbecauseshe____40

____dolls.Thegirllostherlefteyetocancerandhadstartedtonoticethatshewasdifferentandhersweetmomreadarticlesabouthowadollwhichlooksli

keachildcanbe____41____andtherapeutic(有益健康的).She____42____herdaughtertohaveadollwithonlyoneeyejustlikeher.____43___

_,Idon’tthinkI’veeverbeenaskedtocreatesomethingsotender(温柔的)and____44____.”Brynnreceivedthe____45____giftonMarch2

5duringherfamilybirthdayparty.“Shewassoexcitedthatshe____46____tookthedolloutoftheboxsothatshecould____47____thedolltoallhercousinsa

ndfamily,”Daniellesaid.Thatevening,DanielletookaphotoofBrynninherWonderWomanpajamas(睡衣)lookingatthebunnydollhappily.Sherecalledh

erdaughtersaying,“She____48____me!”“Myfavoritepartofthis____49____ishowsheiswearingherWonderWomancostume,”Jessicasaid.“Itperfectlyrepresentsthe____5

0____andcourageofthislittlesuperhero.”36.A.invitedB.respectedC.contactedD.supported37.A.eyeB.legC.footD.ear38.A.behaviorB.professionC.st

oryD.trick39.A.winnerB.leaderC.superheroD.director40.A.hatesB.missesC.makesD.loves41.A.wildB.unbelievableC.interes

tingD.helpful42.A.encouragedB.wantedC.requiredD.forced43.A.SofarB.AtonceC.JustnowD.Atpresent44.A.attrac

tiveB.abnormalC.strangeD.meaningful45.A.ordinaryB.expensiveC.flexibleD.special46.AimmediatelyB.actuallyC.d

efinitelyD.hardly47.A.giveawayB.showoffC.takeonD.putup.48.A.likesB.createsC.savesD.matches49.AmomentB.sayingC.photoD.doll50.A.str

engthB.kindnessC.wisdomD.honesty第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Adolescence,ingeneral,is____51____(challenge)forbothparentsan

dtheirchildren.Manyparentsstruggletoredefinetheirrelationshipswiththeirgrowingchildrenandthechangesthatcomewith____52____.Somemayst

illclingonto(坚持)the____53____(behave)thatwasrightwhenthechildrenwerelittlebecausetheyareafraidoflosingtheclosenessthey____54____(enjoy)whilethe

irchildwasstilllittle.Noparentisperfect,andevenparentsneedhelporalittlepushtogetpastanemotionalhurdle(情感障碍)____55____is

holdingthemback.Somemayevenbe____56____(total)surethatwhatthey’redoingiscorrect.Whenthetimeisright,startaconversatio

nwithyourmom____57____anempathetic(感同身受的)pointofview.Tellherthatyouappreciateallthatshehasdone____58____(raise)youa

ndthelengthsshewillgotomakesureyouarehappyanddoingwellatschool,but____59____it’sstartingtomakeyouuncomfortable.Sometimes

,therereallyistoomuchofagoodthing,andsheneedstopullbackabitsoyoudon’tfeel____60____(hold)backfromgrowingup.B

utnomatterwhathappens,youwillbefine.Youwillstillloveandappreciateher,andshecantrustyouonthat.第三节(共20小题;每小题0.5分，满分10分)A根据课文内容默写或填空。Itcanbeabigheada

chetobalanceyourdeveloping____61____(精神需求)too.Youenterastrangemiddleground—nolongerasmallchildbutnotquiteanadult.Youhavebothanewdesireforindepend

enceandacontinuedneedforyourparents’loveandsupport.Youfeelreadytobemoreresponsibleandmakedecisions____

62____(自行).Unfortunately,yourparentsdonotalwaysagreeandthatmakesyoufeelunhappy.“Whycan’ttheyjustletmego?”youma

ywonder.____63____(另一方面),whenyouarestrugglingtocontrolyourfeelings,youwishtheycouldbemorecaringandpatient—sometimestheyforgetthatgrowingu

pis.____64____(一段艰难的旅程).Itcanbedifficultwhenyourparentstreatyoulikeachildbutexpectyouto____65____(行事)anadult.Allofthiscanlea

dtoabreakdowninyourrelationship.Althoughsometimesitmayseemimpossibletogetalongasafamily,youcan____66____(采取措施)toi

mprovethesituation.Thekeytokeepingthepeaceis____67____(定期和诚实的沟通).Whenyoudisagreewithyourparents,takeaminutetocalmdownandtrytoundersta

ndthesituation____68____(从他们的角度).Perhapstheyhaveexperiencedsomethingsimilaranddonotwantyoutogothroughthesamepain.After

youhavethoughtitthrough,explainyouractionsandfeelingscalmly,listencarefully,and____69____(解决他们的担忧).Throughthiskin

dofhealthydiscussion,youwilllearnwhento____70____(退缩)andwhentoaskyourparentstorelaxtheircontrol.B根据课文内容默写或填空。JenniferJones,15,toldfrie

ndsinherclassthatshewasfeelingunwell.Shethenpassed____71____inhermorningPElessonand____72____(rush)tohospital.Jenniferwasfoun

dtohave____73____(danger)lowbloodsugarlevelsandwastreatedimmediately.Herworriedparentstoldthedoctorthattheirdaughtermissedbreakfastthatday____7

4____hardlytouchedherdinnerthenight____75____.Fortunately,sheisnowoutofdanger.Herdoctorsaysthatshewill

makeafullrecovery____76____adayortwo.Jennifer’sclassmateshopetoseeherbackatschoolsoon.____77____saythatshehasstruggledwitheatin

gproblemsforalongtime.“Jenniferthoughtthatskippingmealswouldbeasimpleway____78____(reach)hertargetweight,”herfriendLauraWilliamstoldourreporter.“She

hasnoteatenbreakfastforthelastfewmonths.Shetoldmeshehadtrouble____79____(concentrate)inclass.Iwarnedherthatskipping

mealswas____80____(health),butshewouldn’tlisten.”第四部分写作(满分15分)81.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike休学返校后无法融入到同学之中，感觉很孤

独。请你写封邮件，给他提出一些建议，内容包括：1.表达关切和鼓励；2.给出具体建议；3.表达祝愿。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答

。DearMike,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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