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2024年高考英语第一次模拟考试（全国乙卷）01英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂

黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A

、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whendoesthelecturefinish?A．Atabout5p.m.B．Atabout4p.m.C．Atabout3p.m.【答案】A【原文】M:Whe

ndoesthelecturebegin?W:Ithinkitstartsatthreeintheafternoon．M:Itfinishesatfour,right?Ihaveameetingthen.W:No,thisonelastsfortwohours．You’llh

avetorescheduleyourfouro’clockappointment.2．Whatdoesthewomanasktheboytotake?A．Acoat.B．Boots.C．AT-shirt.【答案】A【原文】W:Now,let’sgetsomeclothestogetherfor

yourtrip.M:OK,Mum．Well,I’llneedmywalkingbootsforastart．Oh,andmyredT-shirt．W:ForgettheT-shirt．Youneedathickcoat．The

forecastsaysit’sgoingtosnow.3．WhathappenedtoLarrylastnight?A．Hecouldn’tfindhishotel.B．Hewascaughtintherain.C．Hef

ellintowater.【答案】C【原文】M:IsawLarrylastnight．Hewaslookingverywet.W:Butitwasn’traininglastnight.M:Well,hehadn’tseenthehotelswimmingpoolan

dhadfalleninwithhisclotheson.4．Wherewillthewomangotomorrownight?A．Totheman’shouse.B．Toacinema.C．Toarestaura

nt.【答案】A【原文】M:Hi,Beth．MyfamilyandIarehavingafewpeopleoverfordinnertomorrownight．Wemightwatchamovie．Canyoucome?W:Sure．I’dlovet

ocome．That’dbemorefunthaneatingrestaurantalone.5．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Ahouse.B．Anoffice.C．Ashoppingcenter.【答案】A【原文】W:H

owaboutthisone?Ithastwobedroomswithabiggarden.M:Well,itdoesn’tmatter．Ijustcareaboutwhereitis.W:It’snotfarfromyouroffice．Andtherearemanyres

taurants,andabigshoppingcenternearby.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小

题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?A．Typeoutherreport.

B．Repairherkeyboard.C．Lookforherkeys.7．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Havesomejuice.B．Pickupherfriend.C．Goshopping.【答案】6．B7．C【原文】

M:Goodmorning!IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?W:ImademykeyboardwetwhenIhadsomejuicetoday,andnowthekeysarestuck．Ican’ttypeupmyreport．M:Isee

.W:Sohowsoonwouldyoubeabletofixit?M:Well,we’renottoobusyrightnow．Whydon’tyoujustwaitandwecanprobablyrepairitforyouwithin30minutes.W:Actually,I

havetodosomeshoppingwithmyfriend．I’lljustcomebackandpickupthekeyboardwhenI’mdone．M:That’sOK.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whe

rearethespeakers?A．Athome.B．Atabusstop.C．IntheBookBuilding.9．Whatdidthemandoyesterdayevening?A．HewatchedTV.B．H

ehadamatch.C．Heboughtaguide.10．Whichbuswillthespeakerstake?A．No．29.B．No．37.C．No．52.【答案】8．B9．A10．C【原文】W:Dad,doyouknowwhichbu

sweshouldtake?M:Er,letmecheckthebusguidefirst．W:Bequick,please.M:Whycan’tIfindthebusyourmothertoldmeyesterdayevening?W:Mumtoldyouthe

directionsthreetimes.M:ButIwaswatchinganNBAmatchonTVatthattime．Anditwasareallyexcitingone．W:Weneedtoasksomeone．HerecomeBusNo.29andBusNo.37．M:

Oh,Igotitontheguide．WeneedtotakeBusNo．52togototheBookBuilding．Hereitiscoming．Linda,comeon．Let’sgo.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatisthepurposeofth

ecall?A．Toarrangeatour.B．Tobookaroom.C．Toconfirmareservation.12．Whatdoesthewomanrequest?A．Awake-upcall.B．Aspecialmenu.C．Aroomwithaview.13．Howc

anguestsreceiveafreemeal?A．Byreservingaccommodationsonline.B．Bystayingaminimumofthreenights.C．Bymakingabookingduringtheoff

season.【答案】11．B12．C13．B【原文】M:Hi,youhavereachedthefrontdeskofCozyHotel．HowmayIhelpyou?W:I’minterestedin

bookingaroomfornextFriday．Arethereanywithanoceanviewavailable?M:Iwillcheckforyou．Yes,itlookslikethere’soneavailableontheninthf

loor．Howmanynightsdoyouplantostay?Youknow,itisoffseasonnow,andweareofferingapromotionrightnow．Ifyoustayatleastthreenightsyou’llreceiveafreebreakfa

storlunch．Andthereisaspecialmenuatourrestaurant．Youjustneedtoorderitonline.W:Thatsoundslikeagreatdeal,butmymeetingwilllastonlytwodays．SoI’llonlyneedt

wonights.M:Doyouneedanywake-upcall?W:No．Thanks,anyway.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whenwastheyouthclubformed?A．In2015.B．In2008.C．

In2006.15．WhatisMatthew?A．Anengineer.B．Ateacher.C．Astudent.16．ForwhatdidMatthew’sclubraisemoney?A．Aschool.B．Apark.C．Ahosp

ital.【答案】14．B15．C16．C【原文】W:TodayinthestudiowehaveMatthewwhorecentlywontheprizeforrunningayouthclub．SoMatthew,howdiditallstart?M:Iusedtobeam

emberoftheyouthclubwhenIwasastudentattheschoolthere.W:Whendidyoufirstjointheclub?M:In2015.Buttheclubhasbeenrunningform

oreman10years．Itwasstartedin2008.W:You’vebecomealeaderattheclub．Butyonarealsostudyingatcollege.M:Yes．Iamstudyingengineering．Aftergraduation,

Iwanttobuildbridgesactually．InowteachtheguitarattheclubonSaturdayafternoons.W:Great．Youwontheprizebecauseyouhelpedalocalhospital,right?M:Yes．Wedid

lotsofdifferentthingstoraisemoney,likewebakedcakestosellattheschool．Thegreatestthingwedidwasacarwashatthe

park．Wewashedover500cars.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．WhereisKakaduNationalPark?A．InAustralia.B．InAustria.C．InBelgium.18．Howdidthespeakerfeela

ftertheYellowWaterCruise?A．Pleased.B．Disappointed.C．Worried.19．WhydidthespeakerbuytheSunrise&Sunsetticketonline?A．Itwaseasy.B．Itwascheap.

C．Itwaspopular.20．WhatimpressedthespeakermostduringtheYellowWaterCruise?A．KakaduCultureCamp.B．Sunrise&Sunse

t.C．AzureKingfisher.【答案】17．A18．A19．B20．C【原文】W:ThereisnowhereelseonEarthlikeKakaduNationalParkinthenorthernareaofAustralia．Themomentyoudrivethroughits

gateyouareenteringanancientareafullofwildlife—aplaceforthe500speciesofbirdsandanimalstolive．Here,inthisvastareaofland,thesizeofBelgium,orha

lfofthesizeofAustria,youwillseesightsthatwilltakeyourbreathaway.There’sloadstodoandit’snoteasytochoose．KakaduCultureCampwasagoodc

hoice,butwefinallydecidedontheYellowwaterCruise,whichismorepopular．ItwasawonderfulexperienceandprobablythebestattractioninKakaduNationalPark．Wewe

rehighlyimpressedwehadjustreturnedfromKrugerNationalParkinSouthAfricaandwereworriedtheexperiencewouldn’tbesogood．Happily,theYellowwaterCrui

sewassurelythehighlightofKakadu．WeboughttheSunrise&Sunsetticketfromthewebsite,astheywereofferingalowprice．Duringthetou

roftheYellowWaterCruise,therewereonly6peopleontheboat,sowecouldeasilywalkaroundandtakepicturesofvariousfisha

ndactivebirdlifewhichexistsinthewetseason．Wesawloadsoffreshandsaltwaterfishandanendlesslistofbirdlife．And

theprettiestistheAzureKingfisher,abrightly-coloredbirdhuntingfish,whichisthemostimpressivepartofthetour.第二部

分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AOurhistoryisrichwithremarkablescientistsw

hohelpedadvancethedevelopmentofoursociety．Herearesomeofthem．IsaacNewton(1643-1727)IsaacNewtonisconsideredbymanytobethegreatestscientistofall

time．Thereweren’tmanysubjectsthatNewtondidn’thaveasignificantimpacton—hewasoneoftheinventorsofcalculus(微积分),builtthefirstreflectingtelescope,andh

elpedestablishthefieldofclassicalmechanics(力学)．Hewasthefirsttodividewhitelightintoitscomponentcolorsandhegaveusthe

threelawsofmotion,nowknownasNewton’slaws．EmmyNoether(1882-1935)EmmyNoetherwasaGermanmathematicianpar

ticularlyknownforNoether’stheorem,whichestablishesafundamentalconnectioninsymmetries(对称)inphysics．Itisconsideredamilestoneofmoderntheoreti

calphysics．Hercontributionsarefoundationalinvariousbranchesofmathematicsaswell,suchasabstractalgebra,algebra

icgeometryandtopology．CarlFriedrichGauss(1777-1855)CarlFriedrichGausswasborninapoorfamilyinGermanyandquicklyshowedhimselftobeabrilliantma

thematician．HepublishedDisquisitionesArithmeticae,afoundationaltextbookthatlaidouttheprinciplesofnumb

ertheory．Manyoftheadvancementsthatwe’vemadeinusingcomputerstosolveproblemsaresolvedusingnumbertheory．Gausswasproductive,andhisworkonnumbe

rtheorywasjustasmallpartofhiscontributiontomath．JohnvonNeumann(1903-1957)Before1940,JohnvonNeumannfocusedprimarilyonmat

hematics．Thenheturnedtoitspracticaluse,designingthestructureofnearlyeverysinglecomputertoday．Rightnow,whateverdevicethatyoua

rereadingthison,whetheraphoneorcomputer,iscyclingthroughaseriesofbasicstepsbillionsoftimesovereachsecond,stepsthatwerefirstthoughtupbyJohnvonNeumann．

Remarkably,Heproposedatheoryofglobalwarmingcausedbyhumanactivity.21．Whoputforwardatheoryaboutanenvironm

entalissue?A．IsaacNewton.B．EmmyNoether.C．CarlFriedrichGauss.D．JohnvonNeumann.22．Whatdothefourscientistshaveincommon?A．They

showedagiftforphysicssinceyoung.B．Theycontributedalottothecomputerfield.C．Theywerehighlyestablishedinmathematics.D．Theywerefromasimilarfami

lybackground.23．Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythetextappear?A．Environment.B．Figure.C．Culture.D．News.【答案】21．

D22．C23．B【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位推动社会发展的伟大科学家。21．细节理解题。根据JohnvonNeumann(1903-1957)中“Remarkably,Heproposedathe

oryofglobalwarmingcausedbyhumanactivity.”（值得一提的是，他提出了人类活动导致全球变暖的理论。）可知，是JohnvonNeumann提出了关于环境问题的理论。故选D项。22．推理判断题。根据Isa

acNewton中“Thereweren’tmanysubjectsthatNewtondidn’thaveasignificantimpacton—hewasoneoftheinventorsofcalculus(微积分),builtthefirstref

lectingtelescope,andhelpedestablishthefieldofclassicalmechanics(力学).”（牛顿是微积分的发明者之一，制造了第一架反射望远镜，并帮助建立了经典力学领域。）、EmmyNoether中“EmmyNoethe

rwasaGermanmathematicianparticularlyknownforNoether’stheorem,whichestablishesafundamentalconnectioninsymmetries(对称)inphysics.”（埃米-诺特是德国数学家，尤其以

诺特定理而闻名，该定理建立了物理学中对称的基本联系。）、CarlFriedrichGauss中“CarlFriedrichGausswasborninapoorfamilyinGermanyandquicklyshowedhimselftobeabrill

iantmathematician.”（卡尔弗里德里希高斯出生于德国的一个贫困家庭，很快就显示出他是一位杰出的数学家。）以及JohnvonNeumann中“Before1940,JohnvonNeumannfoc

usedprimarilyonmathematics.”（约翰冯诺依曼主要从事数学研究。）可知，这四位科学家的共同点是：他们在数学方面有很高的造诣。故选C项。23．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ourhistoryi

srichwithremarkablescientistswhohelpedadvancethedevelopmentofoursociety．Herearesomeofthem.”（我国历史上有许多杰出的

科学家，他们帮助推动了社会的发展。以下是其中的几位。）并结合全文理解可知，这篇文章主要介绍了四位杰出的科学家，因此可能出自关于人物介绍的文章。故选B项。BInvitedbyanauthor-friend,Ir

ecentlyattendedaprogramofreadingsbylocalAfrican-Americanwriters．Astheaudienceinthelibraryexpanded,InoticedthatIwasa

mongaminorityofwhiteandelderlysupporters．Afteryearsofuniversityteaching,volunteeringinmanyorganizations,andworkingasaps

ychologistininner-citysettings,IwascomfortableamidmanysortsandcuriousaboutwhatImightlearnfromtheseauthors.Isettledintomyseatast

hechairmanintroducedahandsomeandpassionateman—KendallGlaspie．Hegreetedusandthenbegantoreadfromhisfive-chapterbo

okofpoems—Loved-Unloved:ABlackMan’sPuzzle．Isatmesmerized,asthesoundsandmeaningsofhiswordswashedoverme．SuddenlyIreac

hedback60yearstoapartofme,acollegestudentofthesecondyear,whofirstdiscoveredLawrenceFerlinghettiandAConeyIslandoftheMind

．LikeFerlinghetti,hisworkwasmeanttovoicesomething．Themomentfeltmagical.Aftertheprogram,Istoodinhisauthor-linetospeakwithhim,purchaseacopy,anda

skifIcouldwriteaboutmyexperiencewhilelisteningtohim．Hegenerouslygranted(准予)permission．Backhome,Idevotedmyselftoreadingthepoems,givingth

emtheattentiontheydeserved.Kendall’sbookdidnotdisappoint．Heseesitas“acollectionofpoemsthatexplorecomple

xdynamicsthatinfluencetheidentityandfeelingsofordinarypeopleinNorthAmerica”．Itinvestigateswhattheconstructoflovemeanstousasindivid

ualsandasacollective．AlthoughIamnotthatremarkable—noramIevenofhisgeneration——Ihavespentmypersonalandp

rofessionallifestudying,discovering,andwitnessingthehealingpoweroflove．Iidentifiedstronglywithboththeuniversalandmuchinthepersonalthathedescri

bed．Thedepthofhisgraspofthejourneytowardwholenessembracingallpartsofourselvesbutallowingourchoicesofactiontobebasedonconsciousness,leftmeim

pressed.24．Whatdoweknowaboutthereadingprogram?A．Itwasoftenhostedininner-citysettings.B．Itwasanuneasyattendancefortheauthor.C．Itinvolved

afewwhiteandelderattendees.D．Itinviteduniversityteacherstogivelectures.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mesmerized”i

nparagraph2mean?A．Fascinated.B．Shocked.C．Puzzled.D．Bored.26．WhichaspectdoesKendall’sbooktalkaboutinthetext?A．Choicesofaction.B．Theconstruct

oflove.C．Theidentityoftheindividuals.D．Themeaningoflife.27．Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Aguidetosolvingpuzzles.B．Anessayonexp

lorationsoflove.C．Anintroductiontoaprogram.D．Ablogonreadingexperiences.【答案】24．C25．A26．B27．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍作者参加读书活动时，倾听了非裔美籍作家KendallGlaspie朗读他所创作的诗

歌Loved-Unloved:ABlackMan’sPuzzle。KendallGlaspie的朗读和诗歌主题引发了作者的共鸣和对该作品的赞赏。24．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Astheaudienceinthelibraryexpanded,InoticedthatIwasamo

ngaminorityofwhiteandelderlysupporters.”（随着图书馆里的观众越来越多，我注意到我是少数白人且年纪大的支持者之一。）可知，出席读书会的听众中有白人和老年人。故选C。25．词义猜测题。根据第二段画

线词后的“asthesoundsandmeaningsofhiswordswashedoverme．SuddenlyIreachedback60yearstoapartofme”（他的话的声音和含义淹没了我。突然间，我回

到了60年前的自己）和“Themomentfeltmagical.”（那一刻感觉很神奇）可知，KendallGlaspie的朗读和诗歌内容引发了作者的共鸣。作者听得如痴如醉(mesmerized)，A．Fascinated.入迷的；B．Sh

ocked.震惊的；C．Puzzled.迷惑的；D．Bored.无聊的。A项与划线词意思一致。故选A。26．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Heseesitas‘acollectionofpoemsthatexplorecomplexdynamicsthatinfluencetheidentity

andfeelingsofordinarypeopleinNorthAmerica’．Itinvestigateswhattheconstructoflovemeanstousasindividualsandasacollective

.”（他认为这是“一本探索影响北美普通人身份和情感的复杂动态的诗集”。它调查了爱的结构对我们个人和集体意味着什么。）可知，诗集主要讨论的是爱的构建对个人和集体的意义。故选B。27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Invitedbyanau

thor-friend,IrecentlyattendedaprogramofreadingsbylocalAfrican-Americanwriters.”（最近，应一位作家朋友的邀请，我参加了一个由当地非裔美国作家举办的读书会。）并结

合下文讲述作者参加读书会的经历和阅读KendallGlaspie诗歌的体验推知，此文可能来自一篇关于读书体验的博客。故选D。CAteamofresearchersatETHZurichhastheperfectlong-lastingsolutiontoourf

ogproblem．Theyhavedevelopedaverythinandgold-basedtransparentcoating(涂层)thatcanconvertsunlightintoheat,whichcanbeappliedtoglassa

ndothersurfacestopreventthemfromfogging.Thespecialcoatingisdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles．Itselectivelyabsorbsinfr

aredradiations(红外线辐射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispowerfulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject．Thecoatingbasicall

yemploysheattostopfogging．Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartoftheinfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃

.Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprays(喷雾)createaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog．Theproblemwithsuchsurfa

cesispollution．Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstances,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemak

esituseless．However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water．Furthermore,thecoatingissignificantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretrans

parentaswellasflexible．Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource．Goldmightbeexpensive,buttheresearchersstresstha

ttheircoatingrequiressolittlethatthematerialcostsremainlow．Theircoatingisproducedwithstandardizedandreadilyscalablem

ethods,allcost-effectively．However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarradiation,itdoesrelyonacertainamountoflight．Ther

esearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfurtherforotherapplications．Intheprocess,theywillexaminewhetherothermetalsworkjustaswellasgold．Thereisnoneedtofear

．However,thiswouldcauseacarorabuildingtoheatupmoreinthesummer．Theresearchershavealreadyfiledapatent．Hop

efully,thisgroundbreakingproductwillsoonbeavailableonthemarket.28．Howdoesthenewcoatingworktoremovefog?A．Byrefle

ctingpartofsunlightselectively.B．Bykeepingcoolairawayfromtheobject.C．Bycreatingathinfilmofwateronthesurfac

e.D．Byabsorbinginfraredradiationstoheatthecoating.29．Whydoestheauthormentionpreviousanti-foggingproducts?

A．Tostresstheadvantagesofthenewcoating.B．Tointroducetheinspirationbehindthenewcoating.C．Toprovethediffi

cultyofcreatinganti-foggingproducts.D．Toexplainthereasonfortheanti-foggingcoatingbeingpopular.30．Whatisthelimitationofthenewcoating?A．I

tisconsiderablyexpensive.B．Itdependsonsunlighttowork.C．Ittakestoomuchtimetoproduce.D．Itisdifficulttoc

leanandmaintain.31．Whatdotheresearchersplantodonext?A．Applyforapatentfortheinvention.B．Developtheproductformorepracticaluses.C．Explor

etheenvironmentalimpactofthecoating.D．Seekamoreenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialtoreplacegold.28．D29．A30．B31．B【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主

要报道了苏黎世联邦理工学院的一组研究人员找到了解决雾霾问题的完美持久的方法。他们开发了一种非常薄的金基透明涂层，可以将阳光转化为热量，可以应用于玻璃和其他表面，以防止它们起雾。28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thespecialcoating

isdevelopedusingtitaniumoxideandgoldparticles．Itselectivelyabsorbsinfraredradiations(红外线辐射)fromthesunlightandcreatesaheatingeffectthatispower

fulenoughtokeepfogawayfromthesurfaceofanobject．Thecoatingbasicallyemploysheattostopfogging．Thecoatingabsorbsalargepartofthei

nfraredradiation,whichcausesittoheatup-byupto8℃.(这种特殊涂层是用氧化钛和金颗粒制成的。它选择性地吸收太阳光中的红外辐射，并产生一种强大的加热效应，足以使雾远离物体表面

。这种涂层基本上是利用热量来停止起雾。涂层吸收了很大一部分红外辐射，这使得它的温度上升了8℃。)”可知，这种涂层选择性地吸收太阳光中的红外辐射加热涂层，从而去除雾气。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据文章第

三段“Previously,productslikeanti-foggingsprays(喷雾)createaverythinfilmofwateronthesurfacetoremovefog．The

problemwithsuchsurfacesispollution．Alongwithwater,thespraysalsoattractdirt,dust,oil,andvariousotherdirtysubstance

s,andjustalittledirtonthesurfacemakesituseless．However,thenewcoatingrepels(排斥)water．Furthermore,thecoatingissignif

icantlythinner,whichmakesitmoretransparentaswellasflexible．Itisheatedpassivelyandrequires,duringdaytime,noadditionalenergysource.(以前，像防雾喷雾剂这

样的产品会在表面形成一层非常薄的水膜来去除雾。这种表面的问题是污染。除了水，喷雾剂还会吸引污垢、灰尘、油和其他各种脏物质，表面上有一点点污垢就没用了。然而，新涂层排斥水。此外，涂层明显更薄，这使得它更透明，也更灵活。它是被动加热的，在白天不

需要额外的能源。)”可知，作者提到以前的防雾产品是为了突出新涂层的优点。故选A。30．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“However,althoughthisproductcanworkatverylowlevelsofsolarradiation,itdoesrelyon

acertainamountoflight.(然而，尽管这种产品可以在非常低的太阳辐射水平下工作，但它确实依赖于一定数量的光。)”可知，这种涂层确实依赖于一定数量的光。故选B。31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearcherswilldevelopthecoatingfu

rtherforotherapplications.(研究人员将进一步开发用于其他应用的涂层。)”可知，研究人员接下来将会开发该产品的更多实际用途。故选B。DAtitsannualgeneralassemblyinViennalastmonth,theEuropeanGeosciencesU

nion(EGU)didsomethingunusual．Thechairofitsawardscommittee,ThomasBlunier,presentedabreakdown,bygender,ofprize

nominees(被提名者)andnominators(提名者)since2014．Thedatawererevealing．Althoughwomenmakeup37%ofthesociety’smembers,theymadejust20%ofnomination

ssuggestingthatwomenarelesslikelytonominatethanmen．Thedataalsoshowedthatpeopletendtofavourtheirowngenderwhenmakingnominations-wi

thmenmostlikelytonominateothermen.Thisisclearlyaproblem,butawarenessofthesituationopensthedoortofixingit．Althoughwomenarestillunder-representedinEG

Unominations,theirshareofawardsisnowapproachingtheirrepresentationamongEGUmembers,thankstocorrectivemeasurestakenbyt

heorganization?sawardscommittee．TheEGUisdistinctfrommostotherscientificsocietiesthatdonotmakenominationdatapublic,thou

ghitisnecessaryforthefairnessamongprizewinners.Someothereffortsareunderwaytomakeprizesfairer．Inmathematics,forexample,th

eInternationalMathematicalUnionhasintroducedguidelinestomakenominatorsandaward-committeemembersawareofunconsciousbias．Manyprizenominationformsn

owincludestatementsencouragingnominatorstoconsiderdiversity．ThecommitteesthatawardNobelprizeshavetoldNaturethattheyareattempt

ingtoincreasediversityinnomineesandthattheproportionofwomennominatedisrising.Prize-giversneedtowidentheirnominat

ionpools．In2019,Naturesuggestedthatawardorganizersmightcasttheirnetswiderwhenseekingnominationsbyapproachingnetworksthatincludeacademiesofsc

ienceinlowandmiddle-incomecountries．Thisisstillnothappeningonthescalethatitneedsto.Sadly,thesemeasureswillnotmakesci

enceprizesmatchglobaldiversity,atleastnotstraightaway．Manyprizesarebasedonworkcarriedoutdecadesago,whenthebarrierstoen

teringsciencewereevenhigherthantheyaretodayforpeoplefromunder-representedgroupsandcountries．Attheveryleast,p

rofessionalsocietiesmustensurethattheirnominationpoolsarerepresentativesoftheircommunities．Greatertra

nsparencyandawider,morediversepoolofnomineesincreasethechanceofawardsrewardingexcellence,ratherthanenla

rgingexistingnetworksoffame.32．WhatisthepurposeofshowingthedatafromtheEGU?A．Toshowthegenderbalanceamongitsmembers.B．To

encouragefemalestonominateotherfemales.C．Toreflectthatwomenhavebeenignoredinawards.D．Torevealthesignificantimpactfromgenderawareness.33

．Whateffortshavebeenmadetopromotethefairnessamongtheprizewinners?A．Publicizingthenominationdata.B．Wideningtheapplicationp

oolsbynominees.C．Introducingguidelinesonincreasingdiversity.D．Castingthenetswiderwhenseekingnominations.34．Whatdoestheaut

horholdinthelastparagraph?A．Existingnominationpoolsarenottransparent.B．Professionalsocietiesmustmakeadifference.C．Thebarri

erstoenteringsciencewillnotbehigher.D．Sciencehaskeptupwiththeglobaltrendofdiversity.35．Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle

forthistext?A．EuropeanGeosciencesUnion:AnNontraditionalModelB．DiversityinSciencePrizes:WhyisProgressSoSlow?C．ProgressinScience:NominationShowsJ

usticeforAllD．TheWaytoGenderDiversity:Difficult,DelicatebutDestined【答案】32．C33．A34．B35．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文。我们真的足够了解科

学奖项的公平性和合理性吗?在科学奖项的遴选过程中，不公布提名细节，这使得女性和弱势群体在获奖中未得到充分代表。32．细节理解题。根据关键词EGU定位到第一段中的“Althoughwomenmakeup37%of

thesociety’smembers,theymadejust20%ofnominationssuggestingthatwomenarelesslikelytonominatethanmen．Thedataalsoshowedthatpeopletendtofa

vourtheirowngenderwhenmakingnominations-withmenmostlikelytonominateothermen.(尽管女性在协会成员中占37%，但她们只获得了20%

的提名，这表明女性获得提名的可能性低于男性。数据还显示，人们在提名时往往偏爱自己的性别，而男性最有可能提名其他男性)”可知，女性比男性更不可能被提名，即女性在奖项中被忽略了。故选C。33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheEGUisdistinctfrommostotherscienti

ficsocietiesthatdonotmakenominationdatapublic,thoughitisnecessaryforthefairnessamongprizewinners.(EGU不

同于其他大多数科学协会，这些科学协会都不公开提名数据。尽管它对于获奖者之间的公平是必要的)”可知，EGU会把获奖者的提名数据公开，这样做对于获奖者之间的公平是必要的。故选A。34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Att

heveryleast,professionalsocietiesmustensurethattheirnominationpoolsarerepresentativesoftheircommunities．Greater

transparencyandawider,morediversepoolofnomineesincreasethechanceofawardsrewardingexcellence,ratherthanenlargingexistingnetw

orksoffame.(至少，专业协会必须确保他们的提名名单代表它们的社区。更大的透明度和更广泛、更多样化的提名人群，增加了奖励优秀人才的机会，而不是扩大现有的名人网络)”可知，作者认为，在提名方面，专业协会要有所作为，即要保证提名名单代

表它们的社区，要有更大的透明度和更广泛、更多样化的提名人群，增加了奖励优秀人才的机会。故选B。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段提到上个月在维也纳举行的年度大会上，欧洲地球科学联盟委员会主席托马斯•布卢尼耶（ThomasBlunier）公布了自2014年以来按

性别分列的获奖者和提名者名单，名单显示女性在奖项提名中被忽略了。进而在下面的文章中提到为了使得奖项的设置更公平化，许多的团体已经做出了努力。遗憾的是，这些措施不会使科学奖项与全球多样性相匹配，至少不会马上匹配。因而文章的标题可以为科学奖的多样性：为什么进展如此缓慢？故选B。第二节(共

5小题:每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Musicinfluencesyouremotions．Inturn,youremotionsinfluenceyourbehavior．Oneoftheseisy

ourfoodintake．36Whatdoessciencesayaboutthissubject?ResearchersattheUniversityofArkansasstudiedhowmusicinfluencespeoplewhentheyeatin

arestaurant．Forthestudy,theyusedfourtypesofmusic:jazz,classical,rock,andhip-hop．Theirresultsshowedthatpeoplehadmoreappetite

whentheylistenedtojazzmusicwhiletheyate．37Thishasalottodowithemotions．Forinstance,whenyoulistentomusicwithharmoni

crhythmslikejazz,youfeelhappier．Thisincreasesyourappetite.However,anotherstudypublishedinPsychologicalReportssu

ggestsitisn’tonlyincreasedappetitethatcausespeopletoeatmore．38Amorestimuli-filledenvironmentmakesyoueatmore．Infact,theytendtourgey

ouontoeatandeven“encourage”youtoeatfaster．Ontheotherhand,iftheatmosphereintherestaurantisrelaxed,you’relikelytofeelmorerelaxedandspendmoreti

meenjoyingyourself．Forthisreason,you’lltendtoeatless.Besides,thestudyconductedbytheJournaloftheAcademysuggeststha

tthevolumeofmusiccanalsohaveaneffectonhowyoueat．Morespecifically,thestudystatesthat,withlow-volumemusic,youeatbetterbecauseyoum

akehealthierchoices．Ontheotherhand,thestudyclaimsthatmusicathighvolumeincreasesstimulationandstress．39Forthisreason,restaurantsshouldconsiderthefac

twhenthinkingabouttheoptimizationoftheirproductsandservices．40Theyequipthemselveswiththetechnologyneededtoprovidememorableexperiencesth

roughmusic,greatlystrengtheningtheirrelationshipwiththecustomer.A．Doesmusicinfluencehowyoueat?B．Beinginarushtoea

talsoplaysapart.C．Doesyouremotionboostyourappetite?D．However,theyhadlessappetitewhenlisteningtohip-hop.E．Infact,m

anycateringestablishmentshavealreadytakenaction.F．Thiscouldprovetobequiteaninterestingconceptforrestaurants.G．Thismeansyou’remorelikel

ytoordercomfortfoodorotherunhealthyoptions.【答案】36．A37．D38．B39．G40．E【分析】本文是说明文。研究表明音乐会影响我们的饮食。因此，饭店在思考优化他们的产品和服务时要考虑到这个事实。3

6．根据上文“Musicinfluencesyouremotions．Inturn,youremotionsinfluenceyourbehavior．Oneoftheseisyourfoodintake.”（音乐影响你的情绪。反过来，你的情绪会影响你的行为。其中之一是您的食物摄入量）可知，音乐会

影响我们的食物摄入量。根据下文“Whatdoessciencesayaboutthissubject?”（科学对这个主题有什么看法？）以及下文研究的内容可知，该空提出“音乐会影响我们的饮食吗？”故选A。37．根据上文“Forthestudy,theyusedfourtypesofmus

ic:jazz,classical,rock,andhip-hop．Theirresultsshowedthatpeoplehadmoreappetitewhentheylistenedtojazzmusicwhiletheyate．”（在这项研究中，他们使用了四种类型的音乐：爵士

、古典、摇滚和嘻哈。他们的结果表明，人们在吃饭时听爵士乐的胃口更大）可知，此空为和jazz,classical,rock,andhip-hop有关的研究的其中一个结果。故选D。38．下文“Amorestimuli-filledenvironmentmakesyoue

atmore．Infact,theytendtospuryouontoeatandeven“encourage”youtoeatfaster.”（一个更充满刺激的环境会让你吃得更多。事实上，它们往往会刺激你吃东西，甚至“鼓励”你吃得更快）是对上文“itisn’tonlyincr

easedappetitethatcausespeopletoeatmore.”（不仅仅是食欲增加导致人们吃得更多）以及空格处的补充说明。选项B中的also对应上文的isn’tonly；inarush对应下文的spuryouontoe

at;eatfaster。故选B。39．根据上文“Ontheotherhand,thestudyclaimsthatmusicathighvolumeincreasesstimulationandstress.”（另一方面，该研究声称高音量的音乐会增加刺激和压力）可知此部分和上文“

withlow-volumemusic,youeatbetterbecauseyoumakehealthierchoices.”（使用低音量的音乐，您吃得更好，因为您做出了更健康的选择）为转折关系。选项G中unhealthyopt

ions对应上文的healthychoices。故选G。40．根据上文“Forthisreason,restaurantsshouldconsiderthefactwhenthinkingabouttheoptimizationoftheirp

roductsandservices.”（因此，餐厅在考虑优化其产品和服务时应考虑到这一事实）可知此段的关键词为restaurants，下文“Theyequipthemselveswiththetechnologyneede

dtoprovidememorableexperiencesthroughmusic,greatlystrengtheningtheirrelationshipwiththecustomer.”（他们为自己配备了通过音乐提供难忘体验所需的技术，大大加强了他们与客户的关系）说

的也同样是餐馆，They指代的就是上文restaurants相关的方面。横线句起承上启下的作用，选项E中cateringestablishments对应restaurants。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5

分，满分30分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Whichonesarequicklanguagelearners,adultsoryoungchildren?Itisnothardtoans

wer,becausethereisnewevidenceshowingkidsreallycanlearnthingsmuch41thanadults.AstudypublishedinCurrentBiology42thatchildrenandadults

havedifferentconcentrations(含量)ofakeybrainmessengercalledGABA．This43makesnewly-learnedmaterialssteadier．

Italsoproducesacalmingeffectandisthoughttolargely44nervecellhyperactivityassociatedwith45,stress,andfear.Theteamusedneuro-ima

ging46toexaminevisualperceptivelearninginelementarypupilsandadults．47wereshownmultipledifferentimagesandwerelateraskedquestionsaboutthemfoll

owingthetest．Thevisuallearning48anincreaseofGABAinchildren’svisualcortex(大脑皮层),theareaofthebrainthat49visualinformation．GABAlevel

sdidn’tchangeatallwhenadults50thesamevisualtests．ChildrenparticipantskeptGABA51forhoursaftertrainingended,whiletheconcentrationsof

GABAremained52intheadultsstudied.“Incontinuousbehavioralexperiments,wefoundthatchildren53steadiednewlearningmuchmorerapidlythanadults,which54

thecommonbeliefthatchildrenare55toadultsintheirlearningabilities,”studyco-authorSebastianM．Franksaid．“O

urresultsprovesGABAasa56playerinmakinglearningefficientinchildren.”Theseresults,theauthorsargue,should57teachersandparentstokeepg

ivingchildrenopportunitiestolearnanythingfromridingabiketoplayinganinstrumentthroughouttheir58.Infuturestudies,theteamplansto59thedifferencesinmat

urationratesbetweenbrainregionsandfunctionsandGABAresponsesinother60oflearning,suchasreadingandwriting.41．A．deeperB

．slowerC．fasterD．longer42．A．infersB．findsC．dedicatesD．responds43．A．messengerB．brainC．studyD．team44．A．strengthenB．guaranteeC．en

richD．control45．A．happinessB．relaxationC．anxietyD．comfort46．A．armsB．abilitiesC．techniquesD．furniture47．A．AdultsB．SubjectsC．ResearchersD．Pupils48．A．s

etupB．setasideC．setdownD．setoff49．A．processesB．providesC．shrinksD．interrupts50．A．arrangedB．tookC．sufferedD．digested51．A．floatingB

．boomingC．collapsingD．sleeping52．A．consistentB．reliableC．ambiguousD．arbitrary53．A．partlyB．doubtfullyC．indeedD．vaguely

54．A．provesB．predictsC．opposesD．ignores55．A．similarB．equalC．familiarD．superior56．A．keyB．ridiculousC．poison

ousD．random57．A．forceB．encourageC．reserveD．allow58．A．revolutionB．teensC．childhoodD．voyage59．A．inquireB．comprehend

C．immerseD．explore60．A．charactersB．descriptionsC．certificatesD．types41．C42．B43．A44．D45．C46．C47．B48．D49．A50．B51．B52．A53．C54．A55．D

56．A57．B58．C59．D60．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了持续的行为实验表明儿童确实比成人学东西快得多，他们在学习能力上更优越，而大脑中一种名为GABA的关键信使在提高儿童学习效率方面发挥了关键作用。41．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个问题不难回答，因为有新的证据表明，儿童确实比

成人学东西快得多。A．deeper更深地；B．slower更缓慢地；C．faster更快地；D．longer更长久地。根据下文“wefoundthatchildren____53____steadiednewlearningmuchmorerapidlythanadults”可知，此

处表示儿童比成人学东西快得多，faster和下文的morerapidly呼应。故选C。42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：发表在《当代生物学》期刊上的一项研究发现，儿童和成人大脑中一种名为GABA的关键信使的浓度不同。A．infers推断；B．finds发现；C．dedicates致力于；D．res

ponds回应。根据下一段对研究过程和结果的描述可知，空后内容为该研究团队的研究发现。故选B。43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种信使使新学到的素材更加稳定。A．messenger信使；B．brain大脑；C．study研究；D．team团队。根据上文“akeyb

rainmessengercalledGABA”可知，此处指代上文提到的GABA，即大脑信使。故选A。44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还能产生镇静作用，被认为能在很大程度上控制与焦虑、压力和恐惧相关的神经细胞过度活跃。A．strengthe

n加强；B．guarantee保证；C．enrich丰富；D．control控制。根据上文“Italsoproducesacalmingeffect”可知，GABA可以产生镇静作用，由此可知，它可以控制相关的神经细胞过度活跃。故选D。45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：

它还能产生镇静作用，被认为能在很大程度上控制与焦虑、压力和恐惧相关的神经细胞过度活跃。A．happiness幸福；B．relaxation放松；C．anxiety焦虑；D．comfort舒适。根据下文“stress,andfear”

可推知，此处和压力和恐惧等负面情绪相关，anxiety“焦虑”符合语境。故选C。46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究小组使用神经成像技术检查小学生和成人的视觉感知学习能力。A．arms武器；B．abilities能力；C．

techniques技术；D．furniture家具。根据上文“neuro-imaging”可推知，此处指研究小组使用神经成像技术。故选C。47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员向受试者展示了多幅不同的图像，并在测试结束后向他们提问有关

这些图像的问题。A．Adults成年人；B．Subjects受试者；C．Researchers研究人员；D．Pupils学生。根据上文“elementarypupilsandadults”可知，此处指参与该研究的小学生和成人，即受试者。故选B。48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：视觉学习引发了儿童视觉

皮层（大脑中处理视觉信息的区域）中GABA的增加。A．setup建立；B．setaside留出；C．setdown放下；D．setoff引起。根据下文“anincreaseofGABAinchildr

en’svisualcortex”可推知，视觉学习应该是引发了儿童视觉皮层中GABA的增加。故选D。49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视觉学习引发了儿童视觉皮层（大脑中处理视觉信息的区域）中GABA的增加。A．processes处理；B．provides提供；

C．shrinks收缩；D．interrupts打断。根据上文“theareaofthebrain”和下文“visualinformation”可推知，大脑中的这一区域负责处理视觉信息。故选A。50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成人参加同样的视觉测试时，GABA水平完全没有变化。A．arra

nged安排；B．took参加；C．suffered遭受；D．digested消化。根据上文“____47____wereshownmultipledifferentimagesandwerelateraskedquestionsaboutthemfollowingthetest.”可

推知，此处指成人参加同样的视觉测试。故选B。51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在训练结束后的数小时内，儿童参与者的GABA水平持续增长，而成人参与者的GABA水平则保持不变。A．floating漂浮；B．boomin

g激增；C．collapsing崩溃；D．sleeping睡眠。根据下文“whiletheconcentrationsofGABAremained____52____intheadultsstudied”可知，此处儿童和成人的G

ABA水平形成对比，成人的应该是没有变化，而儿童的在持续增长。故选B。52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在训练结束后的数小时内，儿童参与者的GABA水平持续增长，而成人参与者的GABA水平则保持不变。A．consistent持续不变的；B．reliable可靠的；C

．ambiguous模棱两可的；D．arbitrary武断的。根据上文“GABAlevelsdidn’tchangeatallwhenadults____50____thesamevisualtests.”和“remained”可推知，此处指成人参与者的GABA水平则保持不变，con

sistent与上文的didn’tchangeatall呼应。故选A。53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在持续的行为实验中，我们发现儿童确实比成人更快地稳定住新学习，这证明了儿童在学习能力上优于成人的普遍看法。A．partly部分地；B．doubtfully怀疑地；C．indeed确实；D．vagu

ely模糊地。根据上文“becausethereisnewevidenceshowingkidsreallycanlearnthingsmuch____41____thanadults”可知，新证据表明儿童学习的速度快于成人，此处是表示强调，应用inde

ed与上文的really呼应。故选C。54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在持续的行为实验中，我们发现儿童确实比成人更快地稳定住新学习，这证明了儿童在学习能力上优于成人的普遍看法。A．proves证明；B．p

redicts预测；C．opposes反对；D．ignores忽视。根据上文“Incontinuousbehavioralexperiments,wefoundthatchildren____53____steadiednewlea

rningmuchmorerapidlythanadults”和常识可推知，持续的行为实验发现儿童学习新事物的速度快于成人，这可以证明通常认为的儿童学习能力更强的看法。故选A。55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在持续的行为实验中，我们发现儿童确实

比成人更快地稳定住新学习，这证明了儿童在学习能力上优于成人的普遍看法。A．similar相似的；B．equal相等的；C．familiar熟悉的；D．superior优越的。根据上文“thecommonbelief”和常识可推知，普遍的看法是儿童的学习能力上优于成人。故选D。56．考查形

容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果证明，GABA在提高儿童学习效率方面发挥了关键作用。A．key关键的；B．ridiculous荒谬的；C．poisonous有毒的；D．random随机的。根据上文“childrena

ndadultshavedifferentconcentrations(含量)ofakeybrainmessengercalledGABA”可知，在该研究中儿童与成人学习速度的不同主要由GABA的含量来反映，由此推知，此处指GABA发挥了关键作用。故选A。57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者

认为，这些结果应该鼓励教师和家长在整个童年时期不断给孩子提供学习从骑自行车到演奏乐器等任何东西的机会。A．force强迫；B．encourage鼓励；C．reserve保留；D．allow允许。根据上文研究证实儿童的学习效率更高，以及下文“teach

ersandparentstokeepgivingchildrenopportunitiestolearnanything”可推知，研究结果可以鼓励教师和家长为儿童提供学习机会。故选B。58．考查名词词义辨析。句意

：作者认为，这些结果应该鼓励教师和家长在整个童年时期不断给孩子提供学习从骑自行车到演奏乐器等任何东西的机会。A．revolution革命；B．teens青少年；C．childhood童年；D．voyage航行。根据上文研究证实儿童的学习效率

更高可推知，研究的作者会建议在童年时期让孩子尽可能地多学。故选C。59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在未来的研究中，该团队计划探索大脑区域和功能之间成熟率的差异，以及其他如阅读和写作等类型学习中GABA反应的差异。A．inquire询问；B．comprehend

理解；C．immerse沉浸；D．explore探索。根据上文该研究团队进行的是实证研究，以及下文“thedifferencesinmaturationratesbetweenbrainregionsandfuncti

onsandGABAresponses”可推知，此处指他们计划进一步探索这些内容。故选D。60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在未来的研究中，该团队计划探索大脑区域和功能之间成熟率的差异，以及其他如阅读和写作等类型学习中GABA反应的差异。

A．characters人物；B．descriptions描述；C．certificates证书；D．types类型。根据下文“suchasreadingandwriting”可知，这是不同类型的学习。故选D。第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分

)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WeizhouIslandwatersahabitatforrarewhalesChenMospendsnearlyone-thirdofeachyearonChina's61(young)volcanicisland,We

izhouIsland,andhasaccumulatedover6terabytesofphotosandvideofootageoftherareBryde'swhalesthatswimoffitscoastline.Chen,40,is62associateres

earcherfromtheGuangxiAcademyofScienceswhohasbeenstudyingthespeciesinthewatersnearWeizhou632016．"Weident

ifiedabout10membersoftheherdfrom2016to2018．Therearenearly50Bryde'swhalesnow,andtheherdsizeisstillincreasing,"hesaid.Histeamhasobservedthematingbeha

viorsofadultwhalesandmotherwhaleshuntingwiththeircalvesforyearsinthearea,makingtheresearchersbelievethattheislandandits64(surround)watersareoneo

fthemajorhuntingandbreedinggroundsforthespecies.WeizhouIslandsitsintheBeibuGulf,hometoaspateof65(endanger)marinewildlifeinsouthernChin

a．Over1,000kilometersaway66(lie)theGulfofThailand,67boastsawell-preservedmarineecosystemandrichfoodresourcesandis

anotheressentialhabitatofthewhales.To68(joint)researchandprotectBryde'swhales,Chineseresearchinstitutes69(team)upwiththeDep

artmentofMarineandCoastalResourcesofThailandinthepastfewyearstoshareinformationandresources．ProtectingBryde'swhaleshasbecomeanimportantareaof70(

cooperate)betweenfromChinaandThailand.61．youngest62．an63．since64．surrounding65．endangered66．lies67．which68．

jointly69．haveteamed70．cooperation【导读】在广西北海涠洲岛海域，有一群因鲸结缘的人，每天驾着小船，在这里追寻、记录布氏鲸的踪迹，他们是由广西科学院、中科院水生所及北部湾大学等机构组成的广西北部湾海洋哺乳动物联合研究组，已经连续几年在涠洲岛

海域展开调查。他们希望通过个体识别、行为记录、健康状况评估和海洋环境监测等研究手段，尽可能了解布氏鲸，为海洋生态保护提供科学依据。61．youngest。考查形容词最高级用法。结合语境这里应用形容词最高级表示“中国最

年轻的火山岛”。62．an。考查冠词用法。陈默，40岁，是广西科学院副教授。这里是第一次提到，应用不定冠词。63．since。考查介词习惯用法。本题需要结合前边现在完成时判断这里应用介词since短语与

之呼应。64．surrounding。考查非谓语动词用法。结合语境需要用surrounding作定语，surrounding用作形容词表示“周围的”。65．endangered。考查非谓语动词用法。结合语境需要用endange

red作定语，endangered用作形容词表示“濒危的”。66．lies。考查动词时态和主谓一致用法。本句是一个倒装句，真正的主语是theGulfofThailand，又是客观现实，应用一般现在时，单数意义。67．which。考查定语

从句用法。本句考查非限制性定语从句，而且从句缺少主语，指物，故用which.。68．jointly。考查形容词变副词用法。结合语境修饰动词应用副词。jointly表示“共同的”。69．haveteamed。考查动词时态用法。根据inthepa

stfewyears判断空白处应用现在完成时与之呼应，同时又是主动含义，故填haveteamed。70．cooperation。考查动词变名词用法。根据语境这里需要一个名词作介词宾语。Cooperation用作名词表示“合作”。第四部分写作(共

两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改

。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：2．只允许修改10处，

多者(从第11处起)不计分。ThemostimpressiveclassI’veneverhadistheEnglishliteratureclassaboutCharlotte’sWebinlastsemester．Whatstrikesmemostwastheteacher’

spassionforliterature．Herplotexplaining,characteranalysisorthemeextraction(提炼)helpedmeseethenovelinanewlight．Apartfromherin-depthexploratio

n,shealsoinvolvedourselvesinadiscussion,encouragingusshareandcomment．IwasamazedathowengagedIwasandhowmuchIlearned．Ie

venlefttheclassfeelingmotivatingtomajorinliteratureinfuture．Ilookforwardtomoreinspiringclasses,whichteachersc

anbringthesubjecttolifeandmakelearningenjoyably.1.never—ever2.去掉in3.strikes—struck4.explaining—explanation5.or—an

d6.ourselves—us7.share前加to8.motivating—motivaed9.which—where10.enjoyably—enjoyable【导读】这是一篇记叙文，介绍一堂印象深刻的英国文学课鉴赏课的感受和收获。1.never—eve

r。考查副词用法。结合语境这里表示“这是我所上过的印象最深刻的一堂课”。Never表示“从来都不”，否定意义，不合语境。2.去掉in。考查介词省略用法。this,that,next,last后接时间名词前边省略介词。3.strikes—struck。考查动词时态用法。

结合语境这里应用一般过去时，同时注意strike的过去式为struck。4.explaining—explanation。考查动词变名词用法。结合语境应用名词作主语，和后边的analysis,extractio

n呼应。5.or—and。考查并列连词用法。结合语境这里应用and连接三个名词短语作主语。6.ourselves—us。考查代词用法。involvesbindoingsth表示“让某人参与到……中”，这里根据语境不应该用反身代词作宾语。7.share前加to。考

查非谓语动词用法。encouragesbtodosth表示“鼓励某人做某事”。8.motivating—motivated。考查非谓语动词用法。结合语境这里表示“被激励做某事”，应用bemotivatedtodosth。9.which—where。考查定语从句用法。结合语境定语从句一包含主谓宾，因

此缺少地点副词作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。10.enjoyably—enjoyable。考查副词变形容词的用法。本句考查make后接形容词短语作宾语补足语的用法。第二节书面表达（满分25分）假如你是学生会主席李华，最近青少年学生心理健康

引起了公众关注，请围绕这一主题，写一份倡议书，内容包括：1．简述现状；2．表示理解；3．发出倡议。注意：注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearfellowstudents,I’mLiHua,presidentoft

heStudentUnion．____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudentUnionMay17th

,2024Dearfellowstudents,I’mLiHua,presidentoftheStudentUnion．I’mheretoraiseawarenessaboutteenmentalhealth．Pre

ssurefromschool,family,andfriendscanbecrushing．Moreandmoreoften,weseeariseinthenumberofstudentsfacingemotional

andpsychologicalchallenges．Weneedtotakeactionnow．First,wemustbreakthesilencearoundthisissue．It’stimetoremov

eprejudiceagainstmentalhealthandnormalizeitsdiscussion．Second,let’screateapositiveenvironmentthatencouragesopenness,self-care,andhealthycoping．Nomo

rebystanders,wemustbeagentsofchange．Ourfuturedependsonit．Thankyou!TheStudentUnionMay17th,2024【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文

。要求考生写一份倡议书，倡议人们关注青少年学生心理健康问题。【详解】1.词汇积累压力：pressure→stress毁坏性的：crushing→destructive增加：rise→increase问题：issue→problem/matter2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Moreandm

oreoften,weseeariseinthenumberofstudentsfacingemotionalandpsychologicalchallenges.拓展句：Moreandmoreoften,we

seeariseinthenumberofstudentswhofaceemotionalandpsychologicalchallenges.【点睛】[高分句型1]I’mLiHua,president

oftheStudents’Union．(运用了名词词组作同位语)[高分句型2]Second,let’screateapositiveenvironmentthatencouragesopenness,self-care

,andhealthycoping.(运用了that引导限制性定语从句)