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考点4--主旨大意之段落大意--讲考点--胸有成竹【2022年段落大意考点归纳】考点题型段落大意阅读理解2022试卷类型设问考点2022·新高考I卷阅读D14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabou

t?段落大意2022·全国甲卷D阅读D32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意20212021年全国乙卷B篇24.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytel

lusaboutmobilephones?段落大意2021年6月浙江卷C篇10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?段落大意20202020年新课标Ⅰ卷D篇32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabo

ut?段落大意【2023年高考命题预测】主旨大意之段落大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章有多个段落，为什么把题出在其中的某个段落？因为这个段落在文章中起着至关重要的作用，这些段落或引出话题或承上启下或总结全文。命题者的意图

是明确的，他们着眼于文章中起重要作用的段落进而设题。预测在2023高考中，段落大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【主旨大意之段落大意考点指南】段落大意题常考问题：Themainpoint/ideaofthep

assageis…Thepassageismainlyabout…Thepassagemainlydiscusses…Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith…?Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpress

esthemainideaofthepassage?近几年高考段落大意考查的特点：考查的段落一般没有主题句，这需要考生对整段进行归纳，找出段落的重点，总结段落大意。总结段落大意考例分析：D【2020·全国I】The

connectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown

，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductive

whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MI

T)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualf

unctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetecthar

mfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,ap

rofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’st

eamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart

.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestodevelo

paversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopano

nandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.S

incelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alo

tofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.31632．Whatisthefirstparagraphmain

lyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D．Benefitsfro

mgreenplants.【答案】32．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优

势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。32．主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperienced

lesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在

另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。B【2020·全国新课标III】When"RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfi

rstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpainto

nfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealape

s(猿)!"Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontec

hnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.Yet"A

pes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimalsinfilmede

ntertainment,iskeepingtabsonmorethan2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including"WaterforElephants,""TheH

angoverPartⅡ"and"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven’tbeentreatedproperly.Insomecases,it’snotsomuchthe

treatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it’stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisin

gconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheSat

es.24125.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecostofmaking"Apes."B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C.The

publicityabout“Apes."D.Theperformanceofrealapes.【答案】25.B【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿

。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capt

ure(动作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor’sperformanceandlaterpr

ocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(图像).”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿

的创造。故选B项。规律方法：如何总结段落大意？段落大意即某一段的中心思想，通常中心思想会在首句体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。主题句具有鲜明的概括性，句子结构简单，段落中其他句子均用来解释、支撑或扩展主题句所表达的主题思想。主题句

通常位于段首，也可位于段尾、段中。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，要学会根据段落内容去概括主题句。【试题精练】1.D【2022届福建省泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（三）】Readingbookscanobviouslym

akeyouabetter,smarterentrepreneur.Accordingtoa2018studyofover160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants’childho

odhomes,themorecompetenttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.Researchersnotethat

book-orientedsocialization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouthwithlifelongtastes,skillandknowledge.Growingup

withhomelibrariesboostsadultskillsinliteracy,numeracyandtechnologicalproblem-solvingbeyondthebenefitsacquiredf

romparentaleducationoryourowneducationaloroccupationalattainment.Kidswhogrowupinahomewherereadingisvaluedandmodeledaremorelikelytobegoodre

aders.Strangelyenough,though,advancededucationdoesn’tnecessarilyoffsetthe“lotsofbooksinthehome”advantage.Adultswhogrewupwithrelativelyfewbooksi

ntheirhomesandlaterearnedacollegedegreehadliteracylevelsapproximatelyequaltoadultswhogrewupinhomeswithlargelibrariesbutonlya

ttendedschoolfornineyears.JessicaStillman[ofInc.]writes,surroundingyourselfwithmorebooksthanyoucouldeverreadsaysgoodthingsaboutyourmind.Thosebookss

erveasaconstantreminderofallthethingsyoudon’tknow—whichhelpskeepyouintellectuallyhungryandcurious.Andpossibly,thiswillkeepyoualittlemor

emodest,sinceresearchshowsthequickeryouaretoadmityoudon’tknowsomething,thefasteryoucanthenlearnit.AsJe

ffBezossays,akeysignofintelligenceisthewillingnesstochangeyourmind,somethingthatonlyhappensifyou’rewillingtoadmitthatyourcurrent

thinkingmaynotbethebestthinking.Modesty,learningandthewillingnesstochangeyourmindwhennewdatapresentsit

self:That’sanotherthreebonuseveryentrepreneurcanbenefitfrom.12．Whatdoesparagraph1mainlytalkabouttheresearch?A．Toughprocess.B．Inspiringdiscov

ery.C．Numerousdata.D．Advancedtechnology.【答案】12．B【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技

能和知识。文章还说明了在家庭图书馆的环境中长大，可以提高成年人的读写、计算和解决技术问题的能力，这远远超过了父母教育或自己的教育或职业成就所带来的好处。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Readingbookscanobviouslymakeyouabetter,smarterentre

preneur.Accordingtoa2018studyofover160,000adultsin31countries,themorebooksthatwerepresentinparticipants’childhoodhomes,themorecompete

nttheynowwereasadultswithskillsinliteracy,mathematics,andtechnologicalproblem-solving.Researchersnotethatbook-orientedsoci

alization,indicatedbyhomelibrarysize,equipsyouthwithlifelongtastes,skillandknowledge.(读书显然能让你成为一个更好、更聪明的企业家。2018年的一项研究对31个国家的16

万多名成年人进行了调查，结果显示，参与者小时候家里的书越多，他们成年后就越有能力，具备读写、数学和解决技术问题的技能。研究人员注意到，家庭图书馆的规模表明，以书籍为导向的社会化，使年轻人拥有终身的品味、技能和知识)”可知，第一段主要讲的是鼓舞人心的发

现。故选B。2.C【2022届福建省厦门市高三毕业班第二次质量检测】Timezoneswerecreatedbyrailroadofficialstodealwithamajorheadache.It

wasbecomingimpossibletoknowwhattimeitwas.AtthattimeeachtownorcityintheUSkeptitsownsolartime.“Fifty-sixstandar

dsoftimearenowemployedbythevariousrailroadsinpreparingtheirschedulesofrunningtime,”reportedTheNewYorkTimesonAp

ril19,1883.In1883,railroadrepresentativesattendedtheGeneralRailroadTimeConvention.OnApril11,railroadofficialsagree

dtocreatefivetimezonesinNorthAmerica.AndthenewstandardtookeffectonNovember18,1883.Thoughthenewtimestandardwa

snotsanctionedbythefederalgovernment,theNavalObservatoryinWashingtonofferedtosend,bytelegraph,anewtimesignalsopeo

plecouldsynchronize(同步)theirwatches.Mostpeoplehadnoobjectiontothenewtimestandard.AnarticleinTheNewYorkTimesonNovem

ber16,1883noted,“ThepassengerfromChicagotoNewOrleans,canmaketheentirerunwithoutchanginghiswatch.”Asthetimechangewasinstitutedbytherailroads,a

ndvoluntarilyacceptedbymanytownsandcities,someincidentsofconfusionappeared.AreportinThePhiladelphiaInquireronNovember21,1883,de

scribedanincidentwhereadebtorhadbeenorderedtoreporttoaBostoncourtroombefore10:00.Heappearedat9:48,standardtime,bu

twasruledthatitwasafter10:00.Incidentslikethatdemonstratedtheneedforeveryonetoadoptthenewstandardtime.How

ever,therewereobjections.AniteminTheNewYorkTimesonJune28,1884,detailedhowthecityofLouisvillehadgivenuponstandardtime.Louisvillesetall

itsclocksahead18minutestoreturntosolartime.Bythe1890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampl

eofhowtimezonescouldspreadacrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycam

eintouse.11．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．TheUSsimplifiedtimezones.B．Pariscreateditstimezone.C．Ti

mezoneswentworldwide.D．Timezonesprovedeffective.【答案】11．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时区是怎么来的。11．段落大意题。根据最后一段“Bythe1

890s,standardtimeandtimezoneswereacceptedasordinary.ThesuccessfuladoptionintheUSin1883setanexampleofhowtimezonescouldspread

acrosstheglobe.Thefollowingyear,aconferenceinPariscreatedthetimezonesworldwideandeventuallytheycameintouse.”（到了19世纪90年代，标准时区被视为普通时区。1883年

在美国的成功采用为时区如何在全球传播树立了榜样。第二年，在巴黎召开的一次会议确立了全球时区，并最终投入使用）可知，本段主要介绍了时区走向全球，即：全球都采用时区标准，故选C。3.C【2022届广东省高三六校第四次联考】Astudyof8differentexperimentss

howedthatourbrainstendtopreferadditionratherthansubtractionwhenitcomestofindingsolutions—inmanycases,itseemswejustdon’tconsiderthest

rategyoftakingsomethingawayatall.Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsi

nparticular:whenpeoplewereunderhighercognitive(认知的)load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,andwhenvolunteersdidn’tgetaspecificremindertha

tsubtractingwasanoption.Inoneoftheexperiments,participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwa

sabletotakemoreweight.Halfthevolunteerswereremindedthattheycouldtakeawaybricksaswellasaddthem,andhalfweren’t.I

nthegroupthatgotthereminder,61percentsolvedtheproblembytakingawayabrick—whichwasamuchfasterandmoreefficientwayofmakingthestructurestable.Inthegroup

thatdidn’tgetthereminder,only41percentwentfortheremovingbricksapproach.“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,butsubtractiveideasre

quiremorecognitiveeffort,”sayspsychologistBenjaminConverse,fromtheUniversityofVirginia.“Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastandworkingwit

hthefirstideasthatcometomind,theyendupacceptingadditivesolutionswithoutconsideringsubtractionatall.”

Theresearchershaveafewideasaboutwhatmightbegoingon.Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingw

ithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswi

ththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible—andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrentstat

usthanaddingsomethingnew.Theresearcherssaytheirworkisimportantinamuchbroadersense:forinstitutionslookingtostreamline(简化),forexample,andeven

forthehumanracelookingforwaystobettermanagetheplanet’sresources.11．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thewaystomakeadditivechanges.B．The

effectsoftakingsomethingaway.C．Thereasonsforbrainspreferringaddition.D．Theimportanceofmaintainingcurrent

status.【答案】11．C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明在寻找解决方案时，我们的大脑更倾向于选择增加而不是减除，并介绍了研究结果的意义。11．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Ourbrainsmightfindadd

itivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobe

associationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible—andtakingsomethingawayisargua

blymoredestructivetothecurrentstatusthanaddingsomethingnew.(我们的大脑可能会发现增加的变化更容易处理，或者我们可能会在潜意识中将增加与更大更好的想法联系起来。在我们的脑海中可能

还会有这样的联想：当前的状态是需要尽可能多地保持的，而拿走一些东西可能比增加一些新东西对当前的状态更具破坏性。)”可知，本段主要讲了大脑喜欢增加的原因。故选C项。4.D【2022届山东省菏泽市高三第一次模拟考试（一模）】Aroundoneheartattackin50inrich

Europeancountriesiscausedbylongexposuretoloudtraffic,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Theill-effectsofnoisepollutioninsuchcountriesaresec

ondonlytothosefromdirtyair.Long-termexposurecancausehormonal(荷尔蒙的)imbalancesaswellasmental-healthproblems.Roadside

barrierscanhelpdecreasethenoise,buttheyareexpensive—upto$600,000perkilometer.Besides,theyworklesswellonwindydaysandareimpracticalalongcityst

reets.Happily,thereisanotheroption.Byaddingrubberpowders,recycledfromusedtyres,tothebitumen(沥青)andbrokenstonesusedtomakeasphalt(柏油路),engineersarede

signingquieterstreets.Firstusedexperimentallyinthe1960s,thisrubberized,softerasphaltcutstrafficnoisebyaround25%.Evenbe

tter,italsolastslongerthanthenormalsort.Notsurprisingly,rubberizedasphaltiscatchingon.Rubberizedasphaltkeepsthe

noisedowninacoupleofways.Gapsbetweenthestonesinstandardasphaltmustbesmall,becauseiftheyaretoobigthebitumenbinding(粘合剂)cannotdoitsjobproperly.Addi

ngrubberthickensthebitumen.Thatallowsbiggergaps,whichhelptotrapandspreadsoundwaves.Therubberizedbitumenitselfisflexible,whiche

nablesittoabsorbmoreunwantedsoundenergy.Bitumenismadefromoil,whichmeansitspricehasrisenoverthepastdecadealongsidet

hatoftheoil.Thrown-awaytyres,bycontrast,arecheapandarelikelytogetcheaper.NowadaysenoughtyresarerecycledinAme

ricaeachyeartoproduce20,000milesofthestuff,enoughtorebuildabout0.5%ofAmerica'sroads.RubberroadsarealsopopularinChina,Brazil,SpainandGermany

.Theirpopularitycouldspreadfurther,sinceitisnowpossibletomakerubberizedasphaltlessexpensivelythanthetraditionalsort.12．Whatdothefirsttwoparagra

phsmainlytalkaboutconcerningnoisepollution?A．Itdoesmoreharmthanairpollution.B．Itbecomesthemaincauseofheartattack.C．Itm

aycausehealthproblemsinthelongrun.D．Itcanbegotridofbyputtinguproadsidebarriers.【答案】12．D【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种减少路面噪音污染的橡胶沥青路，把旧轮胎建成新式道路可以减

少噪音污染。12．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Theill-effectsofnoisepollutioninsuchcountriesaresecondonlytothosefromdirtyair.Long-termexposure

cancausehormonal(荷尔蒙的)imbalancesaswellasmental-healthproblems.(在这些国家，噪音污染产生的不良反应仅次于空气污染，长期暴露不仅会造成激素失调，还会引发精神问题。)”和第二段的“Roadside

barrierscanhelpdecreasethenoise,buttheyareexpensive—upto$600,000perkilometer.Besides,theyworklesswellonwindydaysandareimprac

ticalalongcitystreets.(路边屏障可以减少喧嚣，但它们太贵了——每公里高达60万美元，此外，它们在多风的时候效果并不好，在城市街道边也不大现实。)”可推断，第一段介绍噪音污染带来的危害，引出第二段介绍安装路边屏障可以减少噪音，但不是太理想，因

此推断前两段主要介绍路边屏障可以减少噪音污染。故选D。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com