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考点6--主旨要义之文章标题--练高考--心中有数1.2022年全国甲卷之C篇Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimil

arshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptint

hecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricsha

pe,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiesc

anputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesss

ymmetrical(对称的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofrefer

ence”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.W

heretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scock

atoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,ac

cordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapesele

ctions.24.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions.B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxar

ound.D.Byremovingthelid.25.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor.B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbir

ds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.26.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutab

outthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthete

st.27.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:

CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-Sorters【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。24.B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thoughnotknowntouse

toolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.(虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“thebirdsweregivenfived

ifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Inserting,thecorrect“keys”wouldletoutthenut.(研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果

出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。25.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyea

rofage(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。26.D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryan

dworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues,oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使

用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。27.D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeensh

owntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.(科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos:SkilfulS

hape-Sorters(凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。2.2022年全国乙卷之C篇Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametim

e,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technol

ogytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Drone

sarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspects

ofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,

reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.Thatinclu

deshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrail

waysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,

toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrews’efforts.Byusingthelatest

technologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafety

problems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemov

ingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtra

vellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbea

bletoreactintime.28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.

B.Drones’abilitytoworkathighaltitudes.C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Drones’reliableperformanceinremoteareas.29.Wha

tdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Construc

tionofinfrastructure.30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.CToearnprofitsforthecrews.

D.Toacceleratetransportation.31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB.H

owProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailway

s【答案】28.B29.C30.A31.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。28.B推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexamineh

igh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrect

positionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。

29.C词义猜测题。根据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,inc

ludingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为

200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure（检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That

includeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安

全，划线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。30.A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheado

fthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtr

ainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功

能是提前发现问题。故选A。31.D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,

atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky

”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesaf

efortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为

可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。3.

2022年1月浙江卷之C篇Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.Newresearchersfoundthat

middle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementiainlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelat

erthanlesssportywomen.LeadresearcherDr.HelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said:"Thesefindings

areexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascular（心血管的）fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelo

pingdementia."Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeak（

最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkloadwasmeasuredat103watts.Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevel,or120watts

orhigher.Atotalof92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory;and59womenwereinthelowfitnesscategory,definedasapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheir

exercisetestsstoppedbecauseofhighbloodpressure,chestpainorothercardiovascularproblems.Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixt

imesoverthefollowingfourdecades.Duringthattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddementia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendevelopeddementia,comparedto25per

centofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomenwithlowfitness."However,thisstudydoesnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessand

dementia,itonlyshowsanassociation.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifimprovedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectontheriskofdementiaandals

otolookatwhenduringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant."Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmallnumberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhom

wereformSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbeapplicabletoothergroups.7.Whatisontheever-growinglistmentionedinthefirstparagraph?A.

Positiveeffectsofdoingexercises.B.Exercisessuitableforthemiddle-aged.C.Experimentalstudiesondiseases.D.Advantagesofsportywomanoverman8.Whyd

idtheresearchersaskthewomantodobicycleexercise?A.Topredicttheirmaximumheartrate.B.ToassesstheircardiovascularcapacityC.Tocha

ngetheirhabitsofworkingoutD.Todetecttheirpotentialhealthproblems9.WhatdoweknowaboutDrHorder'sstudy?A.Itaimedtofindacurefordement

ia.B.Datacollectionwasalengthyprocess.C.Someparticipantswithdrewfromit.D.Theresultswerefarfromsatisfactory.10.Whichofth

efollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MoreWomenAreExercisingtoPreventDementiaB.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExercise

C.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementiaD.BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascularFitness【答案】7.A8.B9.B10.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会

大大降低。7.A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikel

ytodevelopdementia（失智症）inlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢

运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。8.B细节理解题。根据上文“Thesefindingsareexcitingbecauseit’spossiblethatimprovingpeople'scardiovascularfi

tnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenpreventthemfromdevelopingdementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“Fo

rthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntiltheywereexhaustedtomeasuretheirpeakcardiovascularcapaci

ty.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选B项。9.B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Thes

ewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期

的过程。故选B项。10.C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Newresearchersfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbenearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（失智症）

inlaterlife,andastheydid,itcameonadecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十

年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选C项。4.2021年新高考I卷之C篇Whentheexplorersfirstsetfootuponthecontinent

ofNorthAmerica,theskiesandlandswerealivewithanastonishingvarietyofwildlife.NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthese

preciousnaturalresourceswisely.Unfortunately,ittooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargeparto

ftheseresources.Millionsofwaterfowl(水禽)werekilledatthehandsofmarkethuntersandahandfulofoverlyambitiousspo

rtsmen.Millionsofacresofwetlandsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.In1934,withthepassa

geoftheMigratoryBirdHuntingStampAct(Act),anincreasinglyconcernednationtookfirmactiontostopthedestructionofmigr

atory(迁徙的)waterfowlandthewetlandssovitaltotheirsurvival.UnderthisAct,allwaterfowlhunters16yearsofageandovermustannuallypu

rchaseandcarryaFederalDuckStamp.TheveryfirstFederalDuckStampwasdesignedbyJ.N.“Ding”Darling,apoliticalcartoonistfrom

DesMoines,lowa,whoatthattimewasappointedbyPresidentFranklinRooseveltasDirectoroftheBureauofBiologicalSurvey.Hunterswillinglypaythestamppriceto

ensurethesurvivalofournaturalresources.About98centsofeveryduckstampdollargoesdirectlyintotheMigratoryBirdConservationFundtopurchasewetlandsa

ndwildlifehabitatforinclusionintotheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystem—afactthatensuresthislandwillbeprotectedandavailableforallgenerationstocome.Since

1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasemorethan5millionacresofhabitat.LittlewondertheFederalDuckStampProgramhas

beencalledoneofthemostsuccessfulconservationprogramseverinitiated.28.WhatwasacauseofthewaterfowlpopulationdeclineinNor

thAmerica?A.Lossofwetlands.B.Popularityofwatersports.C.Pollutionofrivers.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dec

imate”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Acquire.B.Export.C.Destroy.D.Distribute.30.WhatisadirectresultoftheAct

passedin1934?A.Thestamppricehasgonedown.B.Themigratorybirdshaveflownaway.C.Thehuntershavestoppedhunting.D.Thegovernmenthascollectedmoney.3

1.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheFederalDuckStampStoryB.TheNationalWildlifeRefugeSystemC.TheBenefitsof

SavingWaterfowlD.TheHistoryofMigratoryBirdHunting【答案】28.A29.C30.D31.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水

禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。28.A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millionsofacresofwetl

andsweredriedtofeedandhousetheever-increasingpopulations,greatlyreducingwaterfowlhabitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农

地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。29.C词义猜测题。根据前一句“NativeAmericanshadtakencareofthesepreciousnaturalreso

urceswisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A.Acq

uire获得；B.Export出口；C.Destroy破坏；D.Distribute分配。故选C。30.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFundtopurchasem

orethan5millionacresofhabitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。31.A主旨大意题。根据全

文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。5.2021年全国甲卷之D篇Whoisageniu

s?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationals

ymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantheres

tofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Per

hapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencon

tributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.Astudyrecentlypublishedb

ySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性别)are“really,reallysmart.”Ev

enworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchild

renwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'

ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpos

itionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender

,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance

(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoini

ngthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.13.Whatcanweinferabout

girlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelike

lytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.

Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitlefort

hetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义

，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。12.A推理判断题。根据第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissio

ntothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers

.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才

俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。13.D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixth

eystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明

”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。14.A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,

we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯

让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。15.B主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Whoisagenius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intellig

ence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不

一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。6.2021年全国乙卷之C篇You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—b

etween4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyout

oknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningof

theyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedf

romseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiM

inhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（来源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecent

lycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystra

wthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestraww

illtakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（说明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sw

orthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplasti

c,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（倾倒）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigco

mpaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.28.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-frien

dlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.29.Whydoestheauthordiscussplas

ticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofinda

substituteforthem.30.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing.D.Challenging.31.Whichofthefol

lowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDema

ndedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures【答案】28.C29.A30.C31.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家BenjaminVonWon

g用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“TruckloadofPlastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。VonWong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。28.C推理判断题

。根据第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Heb

uildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproduct

s.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（BenjaminVonWong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，VonWong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑

想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。29.A推理判断题。根据第三段“Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plastic

strawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tnee

dthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadri

nkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃

圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可

推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。30.C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atru

ckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000pieces

ofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑

料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的

量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。故选C项。31.D标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadif

ference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewer

store-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVonWong)想让你知道，它确实

如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“Inapieceform2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atru

ckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollec

tedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(VonWong)想要说明一个具体的统

计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(BenjaminVo

nWong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。7.2021年新高

考II卷之C篇ABritishwomanwhowonaS1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKs

chools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(变革).“Wearegoingtomakeach

ange,”shesaid.“I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”Theprojectresultsfromthedifficul

tiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.Zafir

akoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.“I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenareta

lkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,”shesaid.“Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools."ArtistMicha

elCraig-Martinsaid:“Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingd

owngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.

Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on.“Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsont

heyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshne

ss,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."8.WhatwillZafirakoudowithherprizemoney?A.Makeamovie.B.Buildnewschools.C.Ru

naproject.D.Helplocalmusicians.9.WhatdoesCraig-MartinthinkoftheteachingoftheartsinUKschools?A.Itisparticularlydi

fficult.B.Itincreasesartists'income.C.Itopenschildren'smind.D.Itdeservesgreaterattention.10.Whatshouldbestressedinschooleducation

accordingtoSchama?A.Moralprinciples.B.Interpersonalskills.C.Creativeabilities.D.Positiveworldviews.11.Whichof

thefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BringArtiststoSchoolsB.WhenHistoriansMeetArtistsC.ArtsEducationinBritainD.TheW

orld'sBestArtsTeacher【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。8.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段

“AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“I’vesta

rtedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(AndriaZafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我

已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。9.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshavein

gettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithand

inspirechildren.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的艺术教学

尤其困难。故选A。10.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造

力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。11.A主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolte

acher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution.“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.

”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(AndriaZafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文章讲述了AndriaZafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家

带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。8.2021年6月浙江卷Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwopartslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhereneighborhoodchildrengathertoplay.However

,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'

schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingn

umberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsagofilm-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfivean

dthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay“chocolate”intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Her

ealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself“marketingdirectorfromNature”.Hedocumen

tedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing

,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWorldNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.“J

ustfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,”DavidBondsays.“Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingtha

tifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeonhabitforlife.”Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:

“Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile.”Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyn

eedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.4.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor’schildren?A.Theyoftenannoytheirneighbours.B.Theyaretiredofdoing

theirhomework.C.TheyhavenofriendstoplaywithD.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.5.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?A.Byma

kingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetworkoffri

ends.6.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“charts”inparagraph2?A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms7.Whatcanbeasuita

bletitleforthetext?A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTimeC.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren【答案】4.D

5.A6.A7.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人DavidBond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。4.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Howe

ver,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.(然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它看几个小时

)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。5.A细节理解题。根据第二段“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarkedtoyoungpeople.

(他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，DavidBond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。6.A词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“afilm”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“thebirthoftheWorldNetwork(世界网络的诞生)”

解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意思一致。故选A项。7.C主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttre

atingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWorldNetwork,agroupoforganisati

onswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.(他把自己的旅行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是ProjectWildThing，一部记录了WorldNe

twork(世界网络)诞生的电影，WorldNetwork(世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人DavidBond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由

此可知，C项MarketNaturetoChildren(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。9.2021年6月天津卷之D篇Artiseverywhere.Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanartistic

mindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.Why,then,isartstillsowidelyconsideredtobe"theeasysubject"atschool,insignificanttowidersociet

y,awasteoftimeandeffort?Artcanconnectculturewithcommercialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan;artgeneratesmoneyandholdssignificantemoti

onalandculturalvaluewithincommunities.Whenpeopleattendaconcert,theyarepayingformusic,sure,maybeevenhotelrooms,meals,an

dtransport,buttheyalsogainanincredibleexperience,auniqueatmosphereandamemorythatwillgothroughtherestoftheirlives.Peopled

on'tjustwantmaterialthingsanymore,theywanttoexperiencelife一theartsareaperfectcrossover（交迭）betweencultureandcommerce.Furthermo

re,theartscanbringcommunitiestogether,reducinglonelinessandmakingpeoplefeelsafer.Socialbondsarecreated

amongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,andtheirexpressionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonourof

eventssignificanttoanation'sexperience.Theartsclearlyhaveaprettypositiveimpactonphysicalandpsychologicalhealth.Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequ

entculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticeventsaremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot;moreengagementwitht

heartsislinkedtoahigherlevelofpeople'swellbeing.TheRoyalSocietyofPublicHealthdiscoveredthatmusicandart,whenusedinhospitals,helptoimprov

etheconditionsofpatientsbyreducingstress,anxietyandbloodpressure.Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation:those

engagedwithdramahavegreaterliteraryabilitywhileotherstakingpartinmusicalpracticeexhibitgreaterskillsinmathandlanguages.Kidswithpreferenceforth

eartshaveagreaterchanceoffindingemploymentinthefuture.Participatingintheartsisessentialforchilddevelopment;encouragingchildrento

expressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.Vitaltohumanlife,ar

tiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushu

man.51.Artproductsdifferfrommostothercommercialproductsbecause.A.mostpeoplepurchasethemforcollectionB.theyaremoreexpensiveandlessacc

essibleC.theyhavebothcommercialandculturalvaluesD.theirpricesmayclimbupastimepasses52.Bysharingtheirartsexperiences,communitymemberscan

.A.keepthecommunitysafefromillnessesB.developastrongertiebetweenthemC.learntoappreciatetheirownworksofartD.offerhonourablesolutionstotheir

problems53.Whatcanwelearnaboutpeoplewhoareinvolvedinartisticactivities?A.Theyenjoybetterlivingconditions.B.Theyliketocom

parethemselveswithothers.C.Theyareparticularlygoodatbothmusicandart.D.Theytendtobehealthierphysicallyandmentally.54.Howdoeskids'engagementwi

ththeartsbenefitthem?A.Itpromotestheiracademicperformanceandemotionalgrowth.B.Itgivesthemmoreconfidenceinexhibitingtheirlearningskills.C.I

tinspirestheircreativityindesigningtheirfuturecareer.D.Ithelpstomakeresponsiblepeopleoutofthem.55.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowArtCu

resOurHeartsB.Art:ABlessingtoHumankindC.HowArtBenefitsCommunitiesD.Art:ABridgeBetweenCultures【答案】51.C52.B53.D54.A55.B【解析】本

文是一篇说明文。讲述了艺术这一活动对人类的重要意义，是我们不可或缺的社会生活之一。从赋予商品的商业价值，人类的身心健康和青少年的学术和情感发展等方面论述了艺术的重要意义。51.C细节理解题。根据第一段“Anypublicspacehasbeencarefullydesignedbyanarti

sticmindtobebothfunctionalandbeautiful.”（任何公共空间都是由艺术家精心设计的，既实用又美观。）以及“Artcanconnectculturewithcommerc

ialproductsinawaythatnotmanyotherthingscan”（艺术可以将文化与商业产品联系起来，这是其他很多东西都做不到的。）可以看出，可见艺术参与的作品兼具文化价值和商业价值。故选择C。52.B细节理解题。根据第三段“Soci

albondsarecreatedamongindividualswhentheysharetheirartsexperiencesthroughreflectionanddiscussion,,andtheirexpress

ionofcommonvaluesthroughartworksinhonorofeventssignificanttoanation'sexperience.”（当个人通过反思和讨论分享他们的艺术经验，并通过艺术作品表达共同的价值观，以纪念对一个国家的经验有重要意

义的事件时，社会纽带就在他们之间建立起来。），可见通过分享经历，可以建立一种特殊的联系和纽带。故选择B。53.D细节理解题。根据第四段“Itisfoundthatpeoplewhofrequentculturalplacesorparticipateinartisticevents

aremorelikelytogaingoodhealthcomparedtothosewhodonot”（研究发现，经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人比不经常出入文化场所或参加艺术活动的人更容易获得健康

;），可见参加艺术活动的人们在身心上都相对更加健康。故选择D。54.A细节理解题。根据第五段“Childrenwhoareinvolvedwiththeartsmakegreaterachievementsintheireducation”（参与艺术

的孩子在他们的教育中取得更大的成就）以及“encouragingchildrentoexpressthemselvesinconstructivewayscouldhelptoformhealthyemotionalresponsesinlaterlife.”（有助于在以后的

生活中形成健康的情感反应。）可见艺术活动促进了孩子们的学业表现和情感成长。故选择A。55.B主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Vitaltohumanlife,artiscelebratedandusedbynationsacrosstheworldforvariouspurposes.

Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddeadstill,forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.”（艺术对人类的生命至关重要，世界各国为各种目的庆祝和使用艺术。没有

艺术的生活将是无聊和死气沉沉的，因为艺术是我们人类的一部分。）可见艺术是人类重要的部分，文章中也详细描述了艺术对不同人群的好处。所以短文的最佳标题为“艺术:人类的福祉”。故选择B。10.2021年3月天津卷之D篇Thereissomethingt

obesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Society

pushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspec

ialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,d

egrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockinthei

rnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandre

alizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingpla

ces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Gen

eralists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringt

heirbroadperspective（视角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（专长）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoret

ohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinall

relatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.

MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapai

nter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansi

onsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesan

dtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.51.Tob

ecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto_____.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife52.

ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto______.A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoy

meetingfunnypeople53.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho_____.A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapure

specialistinmedicineC.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork54.Whatdoestheauth

orintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossi

ble.C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.55.Whatcou

ldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaG

eneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist【答案】51.A52.C53.D54.D55.A【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方

面的专家。51.A推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeing

specialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“know…aboutlessan

dless”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。52.C细节理解题。第三段中提到“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.…Thes

especialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。……这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。53.D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Th

edoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmed

icalskills.(这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。54.D推理判断题

。文章第五段中提到“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeco

nnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni

的例子“MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.Fascinatedbythest

ructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的

编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。55.A主旨大意题。文

章第一段提出观点“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The

drawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深

；第四段中提到“Generalists,…,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才

。因此文章的标题应为“BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。11.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedth

emeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees(黑猩猩)usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestoo

neanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,and

examiningmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofin

tentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunica

tionwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'

retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect.”Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformatio

nfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignif

icantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommu

nicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmothersbackand

theytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies(物种)outthere.thatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohu

mans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinsee

kingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thev

aguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinfor

mationcontainedintheirgesturesandactions,"shesaid."Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotherani

malconveywithnon-verbalcommunication.So,itseemsthegulfremains."44．WhatdochimpsandhumanshaveincommonaccordingtoDrHob

aiter?A．Memorizingspecificwords.B．Understandingcomplexinformation.C．Usingvoicestocommunicate.D．Communi

catingmessagesonpurpose.45．WhatdidDrShultzthinkofthestudy?A．Itwaswelldesignedbutpoorlyconducted.B．Itwasagoodtrybutthefindingswerelimited.C．I

twasinspiringbuttheevidencewasunreliable.D．Itwasafailurebutthemethodsdeservedpraise.46．Whatdoestheunderlin

edword"gulf"inthelastparagraphmean?A．Difference.B．Conflict.C．Balance.D．Connection.47．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthe

text?A．ChimpanzeebehaviourstudyachievedabreakthroughB．ChimpanzeesdevelopedspecificcommunicationskillsC．Chimpanzees:thesmartestspeciesintheanimalki

ngdomD．Chimpanzeelanguage:communicationgesturestranslated【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。44

．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessageto

anothergroupmember.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据DrHobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选D。45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiolog

istfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,t

heresultswere“alittledisappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点令人失望”

）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatres

pect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover,themeaningsseemtonotgobeyondwhatotheranimalsconveywit

hnon-verbalcommunications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So,itseemsthegulfremains.（所以，

看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzeesusetocommunic

ate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。12.2020年全国II卷之D篇Ihav

easpecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Stories

werelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfro

mthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbo

okstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandboo

kswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstore

adorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithm

yvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,Iseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibr

aryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelat

ionshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)fo

rreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版

行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Share

libraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’srelationshipwithbooksasac

hild?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?A.P

leasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.34.Wh

atdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibraries.D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitl

eforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:AHavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】32.C33.B34.

C35.D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32.C推理判断题。根据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusias

ticreader，sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.Ilivedou

tadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断

，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。33.B词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertain

ment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetore

adtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书

籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34.C细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ithinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhent

heycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我认为所有的作家都应该

在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。35.D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅

读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。1

3.2020年北京卷之C篇Forthepastfiveyears,PaulaSmith,ahistorianofscience,hasdevotedherselftore-creatinglong-forgottentechn

iques.Whiledoingresearchforhernewbook,shecameacrossa16th-centuryFrenchmanuscript（手稿）consistingofnearly1,000setsofinstructions,coveringsubj

ectsfromtoolmakingtofindingthebestsand.Theauthor'sintentionremainsasmysterious（神秘）ashisname;hemayhave

beensimplytakingnotesforhisownrecords.ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescri

bed."Yousimplycan'tgetanunderstandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.ThoughSmithdidgetherhandsonthebestsand,doingthingstheold-fashionedwa

yisn'tjustaboutplayingaroundwithFrenchmud.Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevealhowtheyvi

ewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,andwhatwentonintheworkshopsthatproducedthem.Itcanevenhelpsolv

epresent-dayproblems:In2015,scientistsdiscoveredthata10th-centuryEnglishmedicineforeveproblemscouldkilladr

ug-resistantvirus.Theworkhasalsobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstruc

tionsmightbetheonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.ScholarshaveseenthisideainpracticewithancientGreekandRomanstatues.T

hesesculptureswerepaintedarainbowofstrikingcolours.Wecan'tappreciatethesekindsofdetailswithoutseeingworksofartastheyoriginallyapp

eared-somethingSmithbelievesyoucandoonlywhenyouhavearoadmap.Smithhasputthemanuscript'sideasintopractice.

Herfinalgoalistolinktheworldsofartandsciencebacktogether:Shebelievesthatbringingtheoldrecipestolifecanhelpdevelopakindoflearningthathig

hlightsexperimentation,teamwork,andproblemsolving.Backwhenscience—thencalled“thenewphilosophy”—tooksh

ape,academicslookedtocraftsmenforhelpinunderstandingthenaturalworld.Microscopesandtelescopeswereinven

tedbywayofartistictinkering（修补）,ascraftsmenexperimentedwithglasstobetterbendlight.Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcra

ftwork,Smithsays,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.38.HowdidSmith,feelafterreadingtheFrenchmanuscript?A.

Confusedaboutthetechnicalterms.B.Impressedwithitsdetailedinstructions.C.Discouragedbyitscomplexstructure.D.Shockedforherownlackofhandskills.39.Ac

cordingtoSmith,thereconstructionworkisdonemainlyto_____________.A.restoreoldworkshopsB.understandthecraf

tsmenC.improvevisualeffectsD.inspirethephilosophers40.Whydoestheauthormentionmuseums?A.Torevealthebeautyofancientobjects.B.Topresentthefindingsofol

dscience.CTohighlighttheimportanceofantiques.D.Toemphasisethevaluesofhandskills.41.Whichwouldbethebesttitlefo

rthispassage?A.CraftsmenSettheTrendsforArtistsB.CraftsmanshipLeadstoNewTheoriesC.CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientistsD.Craftsmen

ReshapetheFutureofScience【答案】38.D39.B40.D41.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家PaulaSmith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的

科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。38.D细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn'ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed."Yousimplycan'tgetan

understandingofthathandworkbyreadingaboutit,"shesays.”让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。”由此可知读完

这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。39.B细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructingtheworkofthecraftsmen（工匠）wholivedcenturiesagocanrevea

lhowtheyviewedtheworld,whatobjectsfilledtheirhomes,”重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。40.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Theworkhasal

sobroughtinsightsformuseums,Smithsays.Onemustknowhowonobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.What'smore,reconstructionsmightbeth

eonlywaytoknowwhattreasureslookedlikebeforetimeworethemdown.”史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知

，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。41.C主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Ifwecanrediscoverthevaluesofhands-onexperienceandcraftwork,Smith

says,wecanmarrythebestofourmoderninsightswiththehandinessofourancestors.”史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此

可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项CraftsmanshipMakesBetterScientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。14.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇Theconnectionb

etweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects

.AstudyconductedinYoungstown，Ohio，forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreprodu

ctivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakeni

tastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse，evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthatha

vesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.＂We’rethinkingabouthowwecanen

gineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,＂explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhisl

atestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintli

ghtforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight，aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby，isjustastart.Thetechnology

,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.inthefuture，theteamhopestode

velopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersare

alsotryingtodevelopanonandoff＂switch＂wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Si

ncelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislost

duringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdiffe

rentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.33.Whatisthefunctionofthese

nsorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?A.Todetectplants’lackofwaterB.TochangecompositionsofplantsC.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.D.Totestchemical

sinplants.34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C

.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwegr

owmoreglowingplants?B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?【答案】

32.D33.A34.C35.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作

用。32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,emplo

yeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内

植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。33.细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontheirleavestoshowwhenthe

y'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植

物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮

助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremoved

fromthepowersource-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldredu

cethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植

物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。15.2020年新课标

ⅠI卷之D篇Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasa

child.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfrom

thelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingto

thechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmyl

ife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,

wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandthe

ylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,Iseemychild

rentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanove

list,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’tafford

topurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwi

thabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encour

agereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.32.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’s

relationshipwithbooksasachild?A.Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning

”inparagraph3referto?A.Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.B.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.C.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.D.Acloserb

onddevelopedwiththereaders.34.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?A.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.C.Supportlibrar

ies.D.Purchasehernovels.35.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeB.MyIdeaaboutwritingC.Library:A

HavenfortheYoungD.MyLoveoftheLibrary【答案】32.C33.B34.C35.D【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书

馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。32.推理判断题。根据第一段的Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader，sometimesreading

uptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties.IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutf

romthelibrary.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。33.词句猜测题。根据上文AsIgrewolderandbecameamot

her可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wh

eremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断

，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。34.细节理解题。根据最后一段的Ithinkallwriterssh

ouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementson

yoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.(我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图

书馆。故选C。35.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推

断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。16.2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoc

curredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustth

epastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEur

opehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadapta

tion-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberintheh

undredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecent

times,they’vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters.“Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,”saidRedneyC.Jubila

do,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadeali

vingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseet

hemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhag

en,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforth

em.“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,”saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofotherg

enesthathelptheBajaudive.32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptationofc

attleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselecti

on.33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishe

dattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.3

5.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders’SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.T

heWorld’sBestDivers【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。32.推理判断题。根据第

一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes,theyarefindi

ngexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的

一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。33.细节理解题。根据第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinhundredsofth

ousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuiltho

usesonstiltsincoastalwaters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在

沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。34.细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalisland

ers.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.(他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容

，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.(周四，在《细胞

》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A.BodiesRemodeled

foraLifeatSea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。17.2020年江苏卷之D篇IwasinthemiddleoftheAmazon(亚马逊)withmywife,whowasthereasamedicalresea

rcher.Weflewonasmallplanetoafarawayvillage.Wedidnotspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustoms,andmoreoftenthannot,didnotentirelyrecognizethefood.

Wecouldnothavefeltmoreforeign.Wewereraisedonbooksandcomputers,highwaysandcellphones,butnowwewerelivinginavillagewithoutrunningwaterorelectrici

tyItwaseasyforustogotosleepattheendofthedayfeelingalittlemisunderstood.ThenoneperfectAmazonianevening,withmonkeyscallingfrombeyondthevillagegree

n,weplayedsoccer.Iamnotgoodatsoccer,butthateveningitwaswonderful.Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpasse

sandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.Asdarknesscameoverthefieldandthematchended,thegoalkeeper,Juan,

walkedovertomeandsaidinamatter-of-factway,“Inyourhome,doyouhaveamoontoo?”Iwassurprised.AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,it

wasverysimilartohis,Ifeltasortofawe(敬畏)atthepossibilitiesthatexistedinhisworld.InJuan’sworld,eachvillagecouldhaveitsownmoon.InJuan’sworld.theunkno

wnandundiscoveredwasvastandmarvelous.Anythingwaspossible.Inoursociety,weknowthatEarthhasonlyonemoon.Wehavelookedatourpl

anetfromeveryangleandfoundallofthewildestthingslefttofind.Ican,frommycomputerathome,pullupsatelliteimagesofJuan’svillage.Therearenom

orecontinentsandnomoremoonstosearchfor,littlelefttodiscover.Atleastitseemsthatway.Yet,asIthoughtaboutJuan’squestion,Iwasnotsureho

wmuchmorewecouldreallyruleout.Iam,inpart,anantbiologist,somythoughtsturnedtowhatweknowaboutinsectlifeandIknewt

hatmuchintheworldofinsectsremainsunknown.Howmuch,though?Howignorant(无知的)arewe?Thequestionofwhatweknowanddonotkn

owconstantlybotheredme.Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecies,newmonkey,newspider…,andonandontheyappear.Mydrawerqui

cklyfilled.Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:newcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies,fourhundredspeciesofba

cteriafoundinthehumanstomach.TheseconddrawerbegantofillandasitdidIwonderedwhethertherewerebiggerdiscove

riesoutthere,notjustspecies,butlifethatdependsonthingsthoughttobeuseless,lifeevenwithoutDNA.Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdi

scoveries.Itfillsmoreslowly,butallthesame,itfills.Inlookingintothestoriesofbiologicaldiscovery,Ialsobegantofindsomethingelse,acollec

tionofscientists,usuallybrilliantoccasionallyhalf-mad,whomadethediscoveries.Thosescientistsveryoftense

ethesamethingsthatotherscientistssee,buttheypaymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion(穷尽),andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirp

eers.Inlookingforthestoriesofdiscovery,Ifoundthestoriesofthesepeopleandhowtheirliveschangedourviewofth

eworld.Wearerepeatedlywillingtoimaginewehavefoundmostofwhatislefttodiscover.Weusedtothinkthatinsectsw

erethesmallestorganisms(生物),andthatnothingliveddeeperthansixhundredmeters.Yet,whensomethingnewturnsup,moreoftenthannot,wedo

notevenknowitsname.65.HowdidtheauthorfeelonhisarrivalintheAmazon?A.Outofplace.B.Fullofjoy.C.Sleepy.D.Regretful.66

.WhatmadethatAmazonianeveningwonderful?A.Helearnedmoreaboutthelocallanguage.B.Theyhadaniceconversationwitheachother.C.Theyunderstoodeachotherwh

ileplaying.D.Hewonthesoccergamewiththegoalkeeper.67.WhywastheauthorsurprisedatJuan’squestionaboutthemoon?A.Theque

stionwastoostraightforward.B.Juanknewsolittleabouttheworld.C.Theauthordidn’tknowhowtoanswer.D.Theauthordidn’tthinkJua

nwassincere.68.Whatwastheauthor’sinitialpurposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?A.Tosortoutwhatwehaveknown.B.Todeep

enhisresearchintoAmazonians.C.Toimprovehisreputationasabiologist.D.Tolearnmoreaboutlocalcultures.69.Howdidtho

sebrilliantscientistsmakegreatdiscoveries?A.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently.B.Theyfollowedotherscientis

tsclosely.C.Theyoftencriticizedtheirfellowscientists.D.Theyconductedin-depthandclosestudies.70.Whatcouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassa

ge?A.ThePossibleandtheImpossible.B.TheKnownandtheUnknown.C.TheCivilizedandtheUncivilized.D.TheIgnorantandtheIntelligent.【答案】

65.A66.C67.B68.A69.D70.B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有

很多是人类未知的。65.推理判断题。根据第一段“Wedidn’tspeakthelocallanguage,didnotknowthecustomsandmoreoftenthannot,didn’ten

tirelyrecognizethefood.Wecouldn’thavefeltmoreforeign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感觉格格不入。故选A项。66.细节理解题。根

据第三段“Everyoneknewtherules.Weallspokethesamelanguageofpassesandshots.Weunderstoodoneanotherperfectly.”可

知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。67.推理判断题。根据第四段“InJuan’sworld,theunknownandundiscoveredwa

svastandmarvelous.”可知，在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选B项。68.推理判断题。根据第七段“Ibegancollectingnewspaperarticlesaboutnewspecie

s,newspider...,andonandontheyappear,mydrawerquicklyfilled,Ibeganaseconddrawerformoregeneraldiscoveries:ne

wcavesystemdiscoveredwithdozensofnamelessspecies...Istartedathirddrawerforthesebigdiscoveries.”可知，我开始收集报纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛

的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。69.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“buttheyp

aymoreattentiontothem,andtheyfocusonthemtothepointofexhaustion,andattheriskoftheridiculeoftheirpeers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的

地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，做出重大的发现。故选D项。70.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世

界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的事物”。故选B项。18.2020年天津卷之D篇Afteryearsofobservinghu

mannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneve

rknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.Together,thesedeephumanurges(驱策力)countfor

muchmorethatambition.GalileowasnotmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPi

saandtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”Fortuna

tely,curiosityanddiscontentdon’thavetobelearned.Wearebornwiththemandneedonlyrecapturethem.“Thegreatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoe

snotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andt

hecrowddesiresrestfulaverage.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecorner,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.Mostofusmeetnewpeop

le,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethinkhowterribleitwouldhavebeen,hadwemis

sedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenourcuriosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.Howshouldyoustart?Modestl

y,soasnottobecomediscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn’tarrangeflowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howshei

soneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangement.Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven’tanyspecialabil

ity?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnoti

mewhogetthingsdone.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTom’sCabinwhilecooking.You’retooold?RememberthatThomasCostain

was57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictureswhenshewas78.Howeveryoustart,rememberthere

isnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou’llneverbemorealivethanyouareatthismoment.51.InwritingParagraph1,the

authoraimsto________.A.proposeadefinitionB.makeacomparisonC.reachaconclusionD.presentanargument52.Whatdoesthee

xampleofGalileotellus?A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.C.Creativityresults

fromchallengingauthority.D.Greatnesscomesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.53.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?A.Observetheunknownarou

ndyou.B.Developaquestioningmind.C.Leadalifeofadventure.D.Followthefashion.54.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubecomean

expert.B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfectio

n.55.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContentedB.ReflectionsonHumanNatureC.

TheKeystoAchievementD.NeverTooLatetoLearn【答案】51.D52.D53.B54.C55.C【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。51.推理判断题。根据第一段内容Afterye

arsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmeno

faverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaver

agemanwhohadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。52.推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like

Galileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例

子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。53.细节理解题。根据第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“The

greatman,”saidMencius(孟子),“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild’sheart.”Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustf

ollowthecrowd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我

们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。54.推理判断题。根据第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflower

arrangement.及第七段中的Youhaven’tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon’t;thereareonlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven’tanytime?That’sgood,be

causeit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列举了ThomasCostain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，GrandmaMoses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋

和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。55.主旨大意题。根据第一段内容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandm

enofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihaveneverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwho

hadboth.Thetwobelongtogether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项TheKeystoAchievement(成就的关键)适合做

本文最佳标题。故选C。19.2020年6月浙江卷之C篇Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourb

rainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmoret

han1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightye

ars,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbefore

retirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewit

htheleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstat

us.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyo

u’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork-sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhe

althy.”It'snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequire

smultitasking,teamworkanddecision-makingcouldbejustasstimulatingasanyhigh-levelofficework.And“runningafamilyhouseholdrequireshigh-levelpl

anningandcoordinating(协调),”shesays.“Youhavetoorganizetheactivitiesofthechildrenandtakecareofthebillsandg

roceries.”Ofcourse,ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons-includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.Still,continuingtochalleng

eyourselfmentallyandkeepingyourmindbusycanonlyhelp.28.Whydidthescientistsaskthevolunteerstotakethetests?A.Toassesstheirhealthsta

tus.B.Toevaluatetheirworkhabits.C.Toanalyzetheirpersonality.D.Tomeasuretheirmentalability.29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinpa

ragraph4?A.Byusinganexpert’swords.B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Byreferringtoanotherstudy.D.Byintroducingaconcept.30.Whichofthefoll

owingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.RetiredWorkersCanPickUpNewSkillsB.OldPeopleShouldTakeChallengingJobsC.YourToughJobMightHelpKeepYouSharpD.CognitiveFun

ctionMayDeclineAsYouAge【答案】28.D29.B30.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。28.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句

“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthev

olunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的

心智能力。故选D项。29.推理判断题。根据第四段中FranciscaThen说的话“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,(这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下

来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，FranciscaThen是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。故选B项。30.主旨大意题。第一段“Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandot

hermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容可知

，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C项。20.2020年1月浙江卷之C篇Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoun

gadults.Keyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedb

yfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLa

uraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime，thepe

rsistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheun

iqueroleoffathers，"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence-wh

ichcanbetaught-arekeytoachild'slifesuccess.”Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritativ

e"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid，demandingorcontrolling.Rather，anauthoritativepa

rentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehind

rulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy，about52percentofthedadsexhibi

tedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytode

veloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggesttha

tsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.27.Whatiss

pecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferen

tkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.28.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoreth

eirdemands.B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors.D.Explaintherulestothem.29.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestud

iesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthome

s.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.C.Ch

ildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.【答案】27.A28.D29.A30.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助

青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。27.A细节理解题。根

据第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（杨百翰大学的研

究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。28.D推理判断题。根据第四段中Rather，anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowin

gcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressedchildrenaregivenan

appropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。29.A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Y

ettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence，whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父母仍然可能在教授

坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。30.C主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime，childrenraisedbyanauthori

tativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence，whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.（一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更

有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。21.2019年全国卷I之D篇Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedshar

ingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensan

dteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amon

gwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsycho

logysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiess

trengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.T

henthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableastheco

olkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinel

ementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopular

ityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemor

eaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilityca

nleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneig

hborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandcon

nectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilit

yrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearninga

ndfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementarysc

hool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.

C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeagg

ressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitl

eforthetext?A.BeNice-YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.BetheBest-YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressivene

ss【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲到研究表明，对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。【解析】32.C推理判断题。根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharing

mydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus（在美好的小学时光里，我喜欢分享我的娃娃和笑话，这让我保持了高高的社会地位。）由此推断出，作者在

小学早期时，是一个慷慨的女孩。unkind不友善的；lonely寂寞的；generous慷慨的；cool冷静的，故选C。33.A主旨大意题。第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofcl

inicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（临床心理学教授MitchPrinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的

人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。34.B推理判断题。根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohea

lthyadjustment（它清楚地表明，可爱可以促使健全的调整），由此推断出，心理学教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明，最有人望的孩子适应性更强，故选B。35.A主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段

，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。与选项A“对别人好——最终，你的收获无穷无尽”一致，故选A。22.2019年全国卷II之D篇Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorgani

sms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.Howi

sNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolcl

ass,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelbergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.HUNCHisdesignedto

connecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzer

ogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解决方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectman

ager.“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically

,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendofyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and…it’snotaverynic

ethingattime.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影响)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskill

s.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNA

SAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.32.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation

?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappeardifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments

.33.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toall

owstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation34.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthe

studentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.GuideprojectdesignsC.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.35.

Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronauts.B.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontier.C.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroom.D.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionRefo

rm.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文介绍了HUNCH项目就是通过Gordon的学生找到如何杀死空间站的细菌这一技术，把空间技术与带进课堂，与学校教育相结合，从而最终影响到大学入学。32.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Bacteriaareannoyingproblemforastr

onauts.ThemicroorganismsformourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronauts

spendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.”可知，细菌对宇航员来说是个令人讨厌的问题。这种来自我们身体的微生物在国际空间站的表面不受控制地生长，宇航员每周要花几个小时来清理它们。

也就是说它们很难去掉。其中的“themicroorganisms”包括“bacteria”。由此可知，A项符合题意。33.D推理判断题。根据第二段的“HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNAS

Aengineers.Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,...”可知，Hunch旨在把高中教室和NASA的工程师联系起来。Gordon的学生一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌,...”。结合最后一段中

的“GordonstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,...”可知，学生每天都给NASA的工程师发邮件一起探讨（如何杀死空间站的细菌这一空间技术）这个问题。由此可推断出

HUNCHprogram的目的把空间技术与学校教育相结合。分析选项可知D项符合题意。34.A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,atthe

endoftheyear,presentittoNASA,”“Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview，and...It’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.

”可知，NASA的工程师要检查学生所做的产品。分析选项可知A项符合题意，故选A。35.B主旨大意题。文章以国际空间站里的微生物很难清除开头，引出宇航员们解决此问题的途径——借助美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH高中班，此计划的目的是把航天技术与学校教育结合起来。在这项计划里，学生

们通过homework（制作供美国国家航空航天局使用的产品）探索无疆的太空，因此“太空：最后的功课疆域”最适合做文章的标题。故选B。23.2019年全国卷III之B篇ForWesterndesigners,Chinaanditsrichcultureha

velongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationford

esigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfas

hion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsi

deChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfuel

edthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimposs

ibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjus

tconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofth

ebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,A

lbaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplay

erwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysense

sithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreat

htakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYor

k?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes.D.ItaimedtointroduceC

hinesemodels.25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion.B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels.D.

Theydobusinessallovertheworld.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfromB.lookingdownonC.workingwithD.competingagains

t27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.D

ifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲

了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。24.B细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeint

erestinChineseinfluences.（此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。25.A细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chin

esemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyare

centraltoitsmovement.（中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。26.D词义猜测题。下文a

ndbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGallian

o,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在与Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs竞争。takingon意思是“竞争”，故选D。27.D主旨大意题。根据文章第一段chin

aanditsculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforwesterncreations.以及最后一段Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChi

na-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowled

gingthatinmanyways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助

力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。24.2019年浙江卷之C篇Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublis

hedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor(因素).Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percenton

morethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttothe

SierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymoret

han55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowasthelea

dauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowded

withsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920san

d1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedf

romwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortag

e.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchthey

needed,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdr

ivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersno

wmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.27.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theseriousnessofbig-tr

eelossinCalifornia.B.TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.C.ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D.Theinflue

nceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.28.Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A.Ecological

studiesofforests.B.Banningwoodcutting.C.Limitinghousingdevelopment.D.Firecontrolmeasures.29.Whatisamajorcauseofthew

atershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?A.Inadequatesnowmelt.B.Alongerdryseason.C.Awarmerclimate.D.Dampnessoftheair.30.Whatcanbeasuitabl

etitleforthetext?A.California'sForests:WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B.CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC.WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoC

aliforniaForests?D.PatrickMclntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia【语篇解读】本文为说明文，根据一项研究表明，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，气候变化似乎是其主要因素。27.A主旨大意题。在第二段中，作者

用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度，没有任何地区幸免或不受影响，故选A。28.D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsm

alltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（资源）.可知，野火控制在控制了森林大火的同时，使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，它们与大树争夺资源，这对大树产生了不利的影响，故

选D。29.C细节理解题。根据最后一段thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,…,andearli

ersnowmelt,…可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温的上升，以及较早的融雪，故选C。30.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经失去了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选项A符合题意

。25.2019年江苏卷之D篇The65-year-oldSteveGoodwinwasfoundsufferingfromearlyAlzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症).Hewaslosinghismemory.Asoftwareengineerbyprofe

ssion,Stevewasakeenloverofthepiano,andtheonlymusicianinhisfamily.Musicwashistruepassion,thoughhehadneverperformedoutsideth

efamily.Melissa,hisdaughter,feltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic,towhichshefellasleepcatchnightwhenshewasyoung.Shethoughtabouthi

ringaprofessionalpianisttoworkwithherfather.Naomi,Melissa’sbestfriendandatalentedpianist,gottoknowabo

utthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.“Whydothis?”Stevewondered.“Becauseshecares.”Melissasaid.Stevenodded,tearsineye.NaomidrovetotheGoodwinhome.Shetold

Steveshe’dlovetohearhimplay.Stevemovedtothepianoandsatatthebench,handstremblingashegentlyplacedhisfingersonthekeys.Naomiputasmallrecordernearthepia

no,Startsandstopsandmistakes.Longpauses,heartsinking.ButStevepressedon,playingforthefirsttimeinhislifeforastranger.“I

twasbeautiful."Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecording.“Themusicwasworthsaving.”Herresponsibility,herprivilege,wouldbetorescue

it.ThemusicwasstillinSteveGoodwin.Itwasbiddeninroomswithdoorsabouttobelocked.NaomiandStevemeteveryotherweekandsp

enthourstogether.He’dmovehisfingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishe

ad.Hestoodbythepiano,eyesclosed,listeningforthefirsttimetohisownworkbeingplayedbysomeoneelse.SteveandNaomispokeinmus

icalcodelines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit.Hejustcouldn’tplayit.WorkingwithNaomididwonders

forSteve.Ithadexcitedwithinhimthebeliefhecouldwriteonelastsong.Oneday,Naomireceivedanemail.Attachedwasarecording,arecordingoflossan

dlove,ofthefight.Stevecalledit“MelancholyFlower”.Naomiheardmultiplestopsandstarts,Stevestruggling,searchingwhilehiswifeJonica

lledhim“honey”andencouragedhim.Thetaskwassohard,andSteve,angryandupset,saidhewasquitting.Jonipraisedhim,tellingherhusbandthiscouldbehissignaturep

iece.Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpersonalsongs.WithNaomi’shelp,theGoodwinfamilyfoundasou

ndengineertorecordNaomiplayingSteve’ssongs.Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.Inthemonthsleadinguptoth

e2016OregonRepertorySingersChristmasconcert,Naomitoldthedirectorshehadaspecialoneinmind:“MelancholyFlower”

ShetoldthedirectoraboutherprojectwithSteve.Thedirectoragreedtoaddittotheplayinglist.ButNaomiwouldhavetoas

kSteve’spermission.Heconsidereditanhonor.Aftertheconcert,NaomitoldthefamilythatSteve’smusicwasbeautifulandprofessional.Itneededtobesharedinpu

blic.ThefamilyrentedaformerchurchindowntownPortlandandscheduledaconcert.Bythedayoftheshow,morethan300peoplehadsaidthe

ywouldattend.Bythen,Stevewashavingahardtimerememberingthenamesofsomeofhisfriends.Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfam

ilyhewasatpeace.Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surroundedbyhisfamily.Thehouselightsfaded.Naomitookthestage.Herfingers.Hisheart.65.WhydidMelissa

wanttosaveherfather’smusic?A.Hismusiccouldstophisdiseasefromworsening.B.Shewantedtopleaseherdyingoldfather.C.Hismusicdeservedtobepreservedi

nthefamily.D.Shewantedtomakeherfatheraprofessional.66.AfterhearingSteve’splaying,Naomi________.A.refusedtomak

eacommentonitB.wasdeeplyimpressedbyhismusicC.decidedtofreeStevefromsufferingD.regrettedofferinghelptoherfriend67.Howcanthepro

cessofSteve’srecordingbedescribed?A.Itwasslowbutproductive.B.Itwasbeneficialtohishealth.C.ItwastiresomeforNaomi.D.Itwasvi

talforNaomi’scareer.68.BeforeStevefinished“MelancholyFlower,"hiswifeJoni_______.A.thoughtthemusictalentofStevewas

exhaustedB.didn’texpectthedamagethediseasebroughtaboutC.didn’tfullyrealizethevalueofherhusband’smusicD.broughtherhusband

’smusiccareertoperfection69.HowdidStevefeelattheconcertheldindowntownPortland？A.Hefeltconcernedabouthisillness.B.Hesensedaresponsib

ilityformusic.C.Heregainedhisfaithinmusic.D.Hegotintoastateofquiet.70.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheKindnessofFriends

B.ThePowerofMusicC.TheMakingofaMusicianD.TheValueofDetermination【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比

较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。65.C细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa,hisdaughter,fe

ltitmorethanworthwhiletosavehismusic.可知他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。66.B推理判断题。根据第十段“itwasbeautiful,”Naomisaidafterlisteningtotherecord

ing.“themusicwasworthsaving.”可知，听了录音之后Naomi说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Naomi对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。67.A推理判断题。根据第十二段He’dmovehis

fingersclumsilyonthepiano,andthenshe’dtakehisplace.Hestruggledtoexplainwhatheheardinhishead.以及第十三段SteveandNao

mispokeinmusicalcode:lines,beats,intervals,movingfromtheroottoendasonginanewkey.Steveheardit.Allofit,hejustcouldn’tplayit.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在

钢琴上，然后Naomi把手指放在他放的地方，并且Steve努力解释脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是Naomi在弹奏，而Steve在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Naomimanagedtofigureout16ofSteve’sfavorite,andmostpe

rsonalsongs.可知作品很多。故选A。68.C推理判断题。根据第十六段Jonithoughtthatwouldbetheend.Butitwasn’t.以及后文Steve取得的成就可知在完成MelancholyFlower之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价

值，故选C。69.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Heknewthepathhislifewasnowtaking.Hetoldhisfamilyhewasatpeace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新

坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D。70.B标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。故选

B。26.2018年全国II卷之D篇We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,

strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelyt

hatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenex

ttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Di

smissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrea

se(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂A

lmosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithother

s,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.On

egroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirse

rverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthanta

lkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂D

unnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelo

pingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.

Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencew

ithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focus

ingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople’

sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCountsB.Wayso

fMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关

系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。32.C主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争

。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。33.B推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carduc

ci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）

由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故选B项。34.D推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务

员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。35.C主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会

的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。27.2018年

全国III卷之D篇Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheir

belongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.Ifoundthepre-holidaysagoodtimetoencourageyoungchil

drentodonateless-usedthings,anditworked.Becauseofourefforts,ourdaughterGeorgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlw

hosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenwepromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund

(基金）(ourkindergartendaughterisseriousaboutbecomingadoctor).Forweeks,I'vebeenthinkingofbigger,deeperquestions:H

owdowemakeitahabitforthem?Andhowdowetrainourselvestohelpthemlivewith,need,anduseless?Yesterday,Isatwithmyson,Shepherd,determinedtotes

tmyowntheoryonthis.Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.Iexpectedthatonetoy

wouldkeephisattentionforaboutfiveminutes,tenminutes,max.Ichosearedrubberball-simple,universallyavailable.Wepassedit,hetriedtoputitinhismout

h,hetriedbouncingit,rollingit,sittingonit,throwingit.Itwastotally,completelyenoughforhim.BeforeIknewitanhourhadpassedanditwas

timetomoveontolunch.Webothbecameabsorbedinthesimplicityofplayingtogether.HehadmyfullattentionandIhadhis.Mylittleexperimenttofindjoyinasingleobjec

tworkedforbothofus.32.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmorea

ndspendmore.33.WhatmadeGeorgiaagreetosellsomeofherobjects?A.SavingupforherholidayB.Raisingmoneyforapoorgirl

C.AddingthemoneytoherfundD.Givingthemoneytoasickmother34.WhydidtheauthorplaytheballwithShepherd?A.TotryoutanideaB.Toshowaparent'sloveC.Totrainhisatte

ntionD.Tohelphimstartahobby35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TakeItorLeaveItB.ALessonfromKidsC.LiveMorewithL

essD.ThePleasureofGiving【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法。32.A词义猜测题。根据文章第一段最后一句…IcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemo

rewithless可以推断出，人们通常认为越多越好。故选A。33.C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Shechosetosellafewlargerobjectsthatwerelessoftenusedwhenw

epromisedtoputthemoneyintoherschoolfund(基金)可知，当我们承诺给她把卖玩具的钱放到她的教育基金里时，她同意卖玩具。故选C。34.A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Mylittleexperimenttofindjoy

inasingleobjectworkedforbothofus.表明，跟Shepherd玩球是为了测试自己的一种想法是否可行。故选A。35.C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，作者想要教会孩子howto

livemorewithless，而二三段是作者的尝试，故C作标题适合。28.2018年天津卷之C篇There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recent

developmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingth

ere.FoodproductionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodyca

ndothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re-createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exac

tlythesame,”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,

ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持续性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionw

illneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablyc

ontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasst

oreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock"food"thatlastsyearsonend,freein

gupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocesse

dfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustom

izednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouon

demand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredient

smustbechangedtoapaste(糊状物)beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsin

teractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsm

ayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestauran

ts.46.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?A.Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooki

ng.C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions.D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.47.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraphs3?

A.Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.B.Itquickensthetransportationoffood.C.Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.D.Itusesren

ewablematerialsassourcesoffood.48.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D-printedfood_____________.A.ismoreavailabletoconsumersB.canmeetindividualnutritio

nalneedsC.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarketsD.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials49.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwide

ly?A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry.D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.50.Whatco

uldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnologyB.ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrintingC.TheC

hallengesfor3DFoodProductionD.3DFoodPrinting:FromFarmtoTable【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。46.B推理判断题。根据文章Foodproduct

ion中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。故选B。47.D细节理解题。根据文章第三段Someexpertsbelieveprinterscou

ldusehydrocolloids(水解胶体)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻类)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients(烹饪原料).可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。

故选D。48.B推理判断题。根据文章第四段Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物），从而可以推断出

3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。故选B。49.C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygob

ad.可知，阻止3D打印食物进一步广泛使用的原因是原料必须是干的，含水多的肉和牛奶不能应用于3D打印因为很容易坏。故选C。50.A主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得了进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战

。所以用标题3DFoodPrinting:DeliciousNewTechnology，故选A。29.2018年浙江卷之B篇StevenSteinlikestofollowgarbagetrucks.Hisstrangehabitmakessensewh

enyouconsiderthathe’sanenvironmentalscientistwhostudieshowtoreducelitter,includingthingsthatfalloffgarbagetrucksasthe

ydrivedowntheroad.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefendinganindustrybehindtheplastics

hoppingbags.Americansusemorethan100billionthinfilmplasticbagseveryyear.Somanyendupintreebranchesoralo

nghighwaysthatagrowingnumberofcitiesdonotallowthematcheckouts(收银台).Thebagsareprohibitedinsome90citiesin

California,includingLosAngeles.Eyeingtheseheadwinds,plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsa

renotasbadfortheplanetasmostpeopleassume.Amongthebagmakers'argument:manycitieswithbansstillallowshopperstopurchasepaperbags,whichareeasilyrecycledb

utrequiremoreenergytoproduceandtransport.Andwhileplasticbagsmaybeuglytolookat,theyrepresentasmallpercentageofallgarbageonthegroundtoda

y.Theindustryhasalsotakenaimattheproductthathasappearedasitsreplacement:reusableshoppingbags.Thestrongerareusabl

ebagis,thelongeritslifeandthemoreplastic-baguseitcancelsout.However,longer-lastingreusablebagsoftenrequiremoreen

ergytomake.Onestudyfoundthatacottonbagmustbeusedatleast131timestobebetterfortheplanetthanplastic.Environmentalistsdon'tdispute（质疑）the

sepoints.Theyhopepaperbagswillbebannedsomedaytooandwantshopperstousethesamereusablebagsforyears.24.WhathasSt

evenSteinbeenhiredtodo?A.Helpincreasegrocerysales.B.Recyclethewastematerial.C.Stopthingsfallingofftrucks.D.Arguefortheuseofplasticbags.25.Wh

atdoestheword“headwinds”inparagraph2referto?A.Bansonplasticbags.B.Effectsofcitydevelopment.C.Headachescau

sedbygarbage.D.Plasticbagshungintrees.26.Whatisadisadvantageofreusablebagsaccordingtoplastic-bagmake

rs?A.Theyarequiteexpensive.B.Replacingthemcanbedifficult.C.Theyarelessstrongthanplasticbags.D.Producingthemrequiresmoreenergy.27.Whatisthebestt

itleforthetext?A.Plastic,PaperorNeitherB.Industry,PollutionandEnvironmentC.RecycleorThrowAwayD.GarbageCollectionandW

asteControl【文章大意】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。24.D细节理解题。根据第一段oneofStein'sjobsisde

fendinganindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.和第二段plastic-bagmakersarehiringscientistslikeSteintomakethecasethattheirproductsarenotasbadfortheplan

etasmostpeopleassume.可知塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。25.A词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产商雇用StevenStein等科

学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Bansonplasticbags，故选A。26.D细节理解题。根据第四段However,longer-lasting

reusablebagsoftenrequiremoreenergytomake.可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选D。27.A标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重

复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，Plastic,PaperorNeither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com