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河南省实验中学2020届高三英语试卷第Ⅰ卷(选择题共100分)第二部分阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)第一节(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWelcometoTheM
etropolitanMuseumofArtTheMet,whichisshortforTheMetropolitanMuseumofArt,presentsover5,000yearsofartfromaroundtheworl
dforeveryonetoexperienceandenjoy.MillionsofpeopletakepartinTheMetexperienceonlineoroffline.Sinceitwasfoundedin1870,TheMethasalwaystri
edtobemorethanastoreroomofrareandbeautifulobjects.Everyday»artcomesaliveintheMuseum’sgalleriesandthroug
hitsexhibitionsandevents,revealingbothnewideasandunexpectedconnectionsacrosstimeandacrosscultures.Notes:I.HowcanIobtainpermissiontofilmorp
hotographatTheMetropolitanMuseumofArt?Pleaseemailadetailedrequesttocommunicatiomnietmuseum.org.II.HowcanIobtainsuit
ableimagestoreproduceinamagazine,newspaper,orwebsite?ToviewandrequestpressimagesfortheMuseum’scurrentandupcomingexhibitionsa
ndnewsstoriesabouttheMet,pleasesigninorregisterforapressaccountinthePressImagessectionoftheonlinePressRoom.III.A
llotherimagerequestsshouldbedirectedtoArtResourcethroughitswebsite(http://www.artres.com),bytelephoneat212-505-8700,oremailatreque
stsartres.com.YoumayalsosubmityourrequestusingtheImageRequestFormavailableontheMet’swebsite.IV.Ifyouhaveanyotherquestions,ple
asecontacttheMuseum’sDigitalDepartment:DigitalDepartmentTheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000FifthAvenueNewYor
k,NewYork10028-0198Telephone:212-650-2550Email:prtvacypolicymetmuseum.org1.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Abusinessguide.B.
Anartsurvey.C.Aresearchreport.D.Anadvertisement.2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheMetfromthetext?A.TheMethasahistoryo
f5,000years.B.PeoplestartedtovisittheMetonlinetobuyobjects.C.TheMetstopscollectingartsrightnow.D.Peoplecan
nottakeaphotowithoutthepermissionoftheMet.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttohaveimagesusedforamagazine?A.Emailtocommunicationsmetmuseum.o
rg.B.Telephoneat212-505-8700.C.WriteanapplicationattheonlinePressRoom.D.ContacttheMuseum’sDigitalDepartment.【答案】1.D2.D
3.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了大都会艺术博物馆的情况,并且欢迎大家来参观。【1题详解】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了大都会艺术博物馆的情况,并且欢迎大家来参观,所以这篇文章是一则广告。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HowcanIobtai
npermissiontofilmorphotographatTheMetropolitanMuseumofArt?我怎样才能获准在大都会艺术博物馆拍摄或拍照?可知没有大都会博物馆的允许,不能拍照。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据HowcanIobtainsuitableima
gestoreproduceinamagazine,newspaper,orwebsite?ToviewandrequestpressimagesfortheMuseum’scurrentandupcominge
xhibitionsandnewsstoriesabouttheMet,pleasesigninorregisterforapressaccountinthePressImagessectionoftheonline
PressRoom.如何在杂志、报纸或网站上复制合适的图像?想要查看和索取博物馆当前和即将举行的展览的新闻图片以及关于大都会博物馆的新闻报道,请登录或注册在线新闻中心的新闻图片部分的新闻账户。可知如果你想把图像用于杂志
,你需要给网上新闻中心写申请。故选C项。BVolunteeringIsFunOneafternoonIwassittingathomefeelingsobored.Insteadoffeelingsorryformyself.Iwantedtom
eetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering.Isearchedonmycomputerandfoundawebsitewher
eIcouldvolunteeronafarminFrance.Mytimeworkingonafarmwasanewexperienceforme.Itwasbasicallyafreeholidayasfoodanda
ccommodationwereprovided.However,itwasnotyourtypicalholidayasIhadtolookafterfifteenhorsesandsleepatthetopofatowerinacastle!Iwasanawful
farmerbutitdidnotmatterbecauseImadesomegreatfriends.However,youdonotneedtogoabroadtovolunteer.Ihavehadplentyofadventuresathomeasvolunteeringcanbe
comeahobby.Forexample,IlovesingingsoIhadagoodlaughwavingmyarmsinanattempttoconductmylocalchoir(唱诗班).Ididslowlyimproveanditfeltgreattocon
ductthechoirinaconcert.Atuniversity,Iorganizedaconcertforcharitywithmyfriends.Itwasreallyfunfindingbandsandra
isingmoneyforacausewebelievein.Itistruethatyoufeelgoodvolunteeringbuttherearealsootheradvantages.Ionce
volunteeredasaserveratacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgavemecupcakestothankmeformyservices.IalsovolunteeredinacharityshopsoIfound
loadsofnicecheapclothestoupdatemywardrobe(衣柜).Whilethisisallfun,myfavoriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.Myterribleattemp
tsatfarminghavegivenmehilariousstoriestotell!Talkingtovolunteersfromdifferentcountriesandbackgroundshasalsohelpe
dmelearnmoreabouttheworld.Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.4.Whydidth
eauthorwanttovolunteer?A.Hewantedtogoabroad.B.Hefeltashamedofhimself.C.Hewantedtotastenewlifeandmakefrie
nds.D.Hewantedtobeafarmer.5.Theunderlinedword“hilarious”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.sadB.fun
nyC.awfulD.critical6.Theauthordidmuchvolunteeringworkexcept________.A.takingcareofhorsesandsheepB.conductingachoirinaconcertC.helpinginacharityspor
tseventD.helpinginacharityshop7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Gratef
ul.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了作者从事志愿工作的经历以及志愿工作的特点.【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段Insteadoffeelingsorryformyself,Iwa
ntedtomeetpeopleandhavenewexperiencessoIdecidedtostartvolunteering可知作者参加志愿活动因为他想品味新生活,结交朋友;故选C。【5题详解】词义猜测题.根据最后一段Myterribleattemptsatfarminghaveg
ivenmehilariousstoriestotell!可知以及最后一句Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.可知我在农场的可怕的尝试给了我
可以讲述的有趣的故事材料,使他在这做志愿者很开心,故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题.根据第三段Ididslowlyimproveanditfeltgreattoconductthechoirinaconcert
.可知她曾经在音乐会上指挥合唱团。再根据倒数第二段Ioncevolunteeredasaserveratacharitysportseventwheretheorganizersgavemecupcakestothankmeformyservices.Ialsovolunt
eeredinacharityshopsoIfoundloadsofnicecheapclothestoupdatemywardrobe可知作者曾经在慈善运动会服务和在慈善商店帮忙;而根据第二段However,itwasnotyourtypicalh
olidayasIhadtolookafterfifteenhorsesandsleepatthetopofatowerinacastle!可知是照看十五匹马,睡在城堡的塔顶上,没有照顾羊,A项表达错误。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题.根据最后一段Ifeelth
ankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering可知他很感激因为志愿者有了这么多的好朋友,故选D。【点睛】策略(4):依据逻辑推理猜测词义运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考
查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力,充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境,从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系,理顺语言之间的逻辑关系,进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有:因果关系,同位关系,对比关系,转折关系等
。【解题剖析】此题第2小题属于猜测词义中的(4):依据逻辑推理猜测词义。答案需要推断fun和hilariousstories有关。【答案定位】根据文章最后一段MyWhilethisisallfun,myf
avoriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.可知以及最后一句Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfunwithmanynicepeople
thankstovolunteering.可推知:此处hilariousstories和fun有关。【推理关系】题干Theunderlinedword“hilarious”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto“________”.文章内容While
thisisallfun,myfavoriteaspectofvolunteeringiscreatingandsharingstories.可知以及最后一句Ifeelthankfultohavehadsomuchfu
nwithmanynicepeoplethankstovolunteering.可知他认为做志愿者给他带来了快乐,使他有了有趣的故事可以分享,所以B正确。CTraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isgainingglobalpopularity.A
ccordingtoagovernmentwhitepaper,TCMhasbeenintroducedin183countriesandregionsaroundtheworld.Westerners’understandingofTCM,howev
er,maybelimitedtoacupuncture(针灸),cupping(拔罐)andmassage(按摩).Forinstance,thepurple,injury-likemarksleftonU.
S.swimmerMichaelPhelps’backfromcuppingforthepurposeofrelaxinghismusclesandreducingpainbecamethecenterofatten
tionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.Asamatteroffact,Chineseherbsplayamoreimportantroleingettingridofdiseasesandkeeping
thebodyingoodconditionintheTCMtreatmentsystemthanphysicaltreatment.Itisthereforedisappointingtoknowthatwhile103WorldHealthO
rganizationmembercountrieshavegivenapprovaltothepracticeofacupuncture,notmanyrecognizeChineseherbalmedicine.TC
MfallsfarbehindWesternmedicineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.Herbsaremadeintopills,powderandsoup,andthekindofherbsused,theirqu
alityandquantity,andtheprocessingoftheingredientsjointlydeterminetheeffectivenessoftheprescription.Comparedwi
thWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalcomp
ositionandfunctionsofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.Fortunately,standardizationhasimprovedinrecentde
cades,withanincreasingnumberoffactoriesproducingpatentedTCMdrugs.AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMpre
scription(处方)drugsisthelackofcreativity.WhileWesternmedicine-makingcompaniescomeupwithnewproductseveryyear,TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesac
cordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.ChinesechemistTuYouyou’swinningthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineforherresearch
intomalaria(疟疾)treatmentmaydrivecreativitytosomeextentinChina’sTCMindustry.However,thecurrentstateofaffairscann
otbechangedwithinashorttime.8.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofMichaelPhelps?A.BecausePhelpshasaninternationalfameforhisintere
stinTCM.B.BecausecuppingisakindofimportantTCMtreatment.C.Becausecurrentlywesternershaveapreferencefo
rTCMD.BecausewesternershaveratherlimitedknowledgeaboutTCM.9.Whydon’tsomemembercountriesofWHOrecognizeChin
eseherbalmedicine?A.BecauseChineseherbscan’tcurediseasesaswellaswesternmedicineB.Becausetheyonlyapproveofthepractic
eofacupunctureC.BecauseChinesemedicinetastessobad.D.BecausemedicinemadeoutofChineseherbsdevelopsprettyslowly10.ComparedwithWesternmedicine,wha
tistheweakpointofTCMinParagraph4?A.Themethodsofprocessingherbs.B.Theeffectivenessofprescription.C.Lackofproperstandar
dization.D.Itsunstablefunctions.11.ThelackofcreativityinTCMreferstothefactthat_______.A.medicine-makingcompanieslackcreativityB.prescription
sarepasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationC.WesterncompaniesaremoreexperiencedD.medicine-makingcompanieslackdrivingforcean
dexperiencedspecialists【答案】8.D9.D10.C11.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中医的相关内容。中医药正在全球普及,虽然世卫组织很多成员国都赞同针灸疗法,但承认中药的国家还是少数。中药制药缺少标准化,效果不稳定,但越来越多的工厂开始生产专利中药。其次,
中药要根据之前的处方进行生产,屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖对于中药的发展起到了一定的推动作用,但目前的状况不能在短期内改变。【8题详解】推理判断题。第二段第一句提到“Westerners’understandingofTCM,however,
maybelimitedtoacupuncture(针灸),cupping(拔罐)andmassage(按摩).”西方人对于中医的理解仅限于针灸、拔罐和按摩。同时,举了菲尔普斯的例子。第二段最后一句提到“…becamethecentero
fattentionduringtheRioOlympicsin2016.”菲尔普斯背后拔罐的痕迹都能成为里约奥运会期间关注的焦点。说明西方人对于中医的理解非常有限。D项符合文意,故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。第三段最后一句提到“TCMfallsfarbehindWesternmedi
cineowingpartlytotheslowdevelopmentofChineseherbs.”中医远远落后于西医的部分原因是因为中药发展的缓慢。D项符合文意,故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。第四段第二句提到“Comparedwi
thWesternmedicine,whichhasstandardizeddrugproductionprocessesandtreatmentmethods,TCMlacksstandardization,withthechemicalco
mpositionandfunctionsofitsmedicinesbeingunclearandtheireffectsbeingunstable.”与生产工艺和治疗方法都标准化的西药相比,中药缺少标准化,而且中药的化学成分和功能
都不明确,效果不稳定。由此可知,中药的缺点是缺乏标准。C项符合文意,故选C。【11题详解】细节理解题。最后一段第一句提到“AnotherfactorthathaspreventedthedevelopmentofTCMprescription(处方)drugsisthelackofcrea
tivity.”中药处方缺乏创造力也是阻碍中药发展的一个因素。第二句还提到“TCMdrugproducerstendtomakemedicinesaccordingtoprescriptionshandeddownfromthepast.”中药生产
商要根据过去开的处方来生产药品。说明中药的生产不是靠创新,而是靠一代代传下来的药方。B项符合文意,故选B。DElNifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbyS
outhAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescau
ghtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormall
yblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,on
balance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farm
ersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsar
einflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedrought
inCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamagew
orth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenth
atgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducing
risksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction
.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythathe
avyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordin
gtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerth
ecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducether
iskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.Sincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedt
oElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.Ittakespl
acealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheoc
ean.13.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.
C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.14.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestt
hat_________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeserv
emorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B
.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.D【解析】试题分析:本文介绍了
厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响,并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后进行重新补救和恢复。【12题详解】D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句ElNinoseeswarmwater,collecte
doverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimesth
eotherwayround.可知厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故D正确。【13题详解】C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNino,onbalance,thantheylose.可知富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得
到的好处多于它带来的损失。C项正确。【14题详解】A推理判断题。根据第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepast
twodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.故A项正确。【15题详解】D主旨大意题。根
据最后一句"SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority."各国政府要把减少损失放在
优先的位置。也就是说我们要事先做好准备。故D项正确。【名师点睛】第4小题属于阅读理解中的目的意图题。作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来。常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词(approving,positi
ve,optimistic,等),贬义类词(critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning)和中性类词(indifferent,serious,objective,concerned,neutral)
。这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如improving,encouraging,disappointing,ignore等,以及作者对人物语言、行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写
作意图和态度。本文最后一句SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.既然最贫穷的国家最不可能从厄尔尼诺
这样的灾难中得到弥补,那么我们要把减少损失放在首要位置。从本句的措辞中可以看出本文正是要敦促我们要为可能发生的厄尔尼诺做好准备。考点:考查科普说明文阅读第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,共10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项
为多余选项。HowtoMeditateDailyThehabitofmeditationisoneofthemostpowerfulthings.Meditationistheactofremaininginasilentandcalmstateforaperiodoftime.Medita
tionhasbeenshowntohavementalbenefits,suchasimprovedfocus,happiness,memory,self-controlandmore.___16___Butourconcernistofo
rmthedailyhabitofmeditation.Committojust2minutesaday.Youcandoitfor5minutesifyoufeelgoodaboutit,butallyou'recommittingtois2minuteseachday.Pickatime
andtrigger(触发器).____17____Thetriggershouldbesomethingyoualreadydoregularly,likedrinkyourfirstcupofcoffee,brushyourteethorhavelunch.F
indaquietspot.Sometimesearlymorningisbest,beforeothersinyourhousemightbeawakeandmakinglotsofnoise.___18_
__Itreallydoesn'tmatterwhere—aslongasyoucanrelaxwithoutbeingbotheredforafewminutes.___19___Don'tcaretoomuchabout
howyousit,whatyouwear,whatyousiton.Ipersonallyliketositonapillowonthefloor,withmybackleaningagainstawall.Focusonyourbre
ath.Asyoubreathein,followyourbreathinthroughyournostrils(鼻孔),thenintoyourthroat,thenintoyourlungsandbelly.___20___Youwon'tbev
erygoodatitatfirst,butyou'llgetbetterwithpractice.Andthat'sit.Dothisforamonthandyou'llhaveadailymeditationhabit.A.Sitcomfortably.B.There
arelotsofwaystomeditate.C.Trainyourselftofocusyourattention.D.Youmightfindaspotinaparkoronthebeach.E.Therearecountless
reasons,butherearesomeofmyfavorites,F.Asyoubreatheout,followyourbreathoutbackintotheworld.G.Notanexacttimeofday,butageneraltime,likemornin
gwhenyouwakeup.【答案】16.B17.G18.D19.A20.F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了每天如何冥想。【16题详解】上文提示“冥想已经被证明对精神有好处,比如提高注意力、幸福感、记忆力、自我控制能力等等。”再根据空格下句“但我们关心的是
养成每天冥想的习惯。”承接上下文,B项Therearelotsofwaystomeditate.(冥想有很多种方式。)切题。故选B。【17题详解】本段小标题“选择一个时间并触发。”下文提示“触发器应该是你已经经常做的事情,比
如喝你的第一杯咖啡,刷牙或者吃午饭。”承接标题和下文,G项Notanexacttimeofday,butageneraltime,likemorningwhenyouwakeup.(不是一天中的确切时间,而是一般的时间,比如早上你醒来的时候。)切题。故选G。【
18题详解】上文提示“找一个安静的地方。有时清晨是最好的,在你家里的其他人醒来并制造出很多噪音之前。”承接上文,D项Youmightfindaspotinaparkoronthebeach.(你可能会在公园或海滩上找到一个地方。)切题。故选D。【19题详解】此空是本段小标题,应该用短小精悍的祈使
句。再根据下文提示“不要太在意你怎么坐,穿什么,坐什么。我个人喜欢坐在地板上的枕头上,背靠着墙。”由此可知,A项Sitcomfortably.(舒适地坐着)切题。故选A。【20题详解】上文提示“当你吸气时
,跟随你的呼吸通过鼻孔,然后进入你的喉咙,再进入你的肺和腹部。”承接上文,F项Asyoubreatheout,followyourbreathoutbackintotheworld.(当你呼气时,跟随你的呼气回到这个世界。)切题。故选
F。第三部分英语知识运用第一节完形填空(共20小题:每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Everyyear,familiesacrosstheUSandt
heUKhanguplittlestrange-shapedpickles(腌黄瓜)todecoratetheirChristmastrees.Thepracticeis___21___bymanyEnglish-speakingfamilies,an
disthoughttobebroughtoverfrom___22___.Thetraditioninvolveshidingthepickleornament(装饰品)amongthebranches,and___23___thechildwhofindsitwithth
echancetoopengiftsfirst.It’salsobelievedthatpersonwillgetgood___24___fortheyear.Theoriginofthe___25___,however,isabitcon
fusing.Infact,itdoesn’tseemtohaveactually___26___inGermanyatall,sincemostGermansdon’tpracticeit.In2016,asurveyconductedamong2,05
7Germansfoundthat91percenthadneverevenheardofit.Another___27___isthatthetraditionof___28___apickledidn’tactuallystartinGermany,butwithaGermanimm
igrantintheUS.The___29___goesthataGermanmannamedJohnLower___30___totheUSandbecameillwhenhewasinprisonduringtheCivilWar.He___31___aguardtogiveh
imapickleasalastmeal,buthe___32___surviving.Afterbeing___33___,hehonoredthatpicklebystartinghisown___34___traditionofhidi
ngapickleinhisChristmastreeforthekids----saying___35___founditwouldhavethesamegood___36___hedid.Ofcourse,thatstoryisalso
___37___,andcouldjustbeatalecomingoutnowheretoexplainthepickleslateron.AccordingtoWideOpenCountry,thewholepicklegamewasmost___38___ama
rketingtricktosellGermanglassornamentstoAmericans.Itwassaidtobe___39___byF.W.Woolworthwhenthestorebeganimp
ortingtheornamentsin1880.Eachonewouldcomewithacardtellingthestoryofthetradition.Whetherthetraditionis
realormanufactured,pickleornamentshavebecome___40___everywhere.21.A.interruptedB.mentionedC.favoredD.suspected22.A.Ge
rmanyB.AmericaC.EnglandD.Australia23.A.pleasingB.winningC.rewardingD.encouraging24.A.fameB.luckC.fateD.life25.A.congr
atulationB.expectationC.situationD.tradition26.A.originatedB.concludedC.borrowedD.dated27.A.customB.routineC.
performanceD.story28.A.decoratingB.hangingC.manufacturingD.purchasing29.A.programB.inspirationC.legendD.intention30.A.fledB.slippedC.escapedD.im
migrated31.A.persuadedB.advisedC.commandedD.urged32.A.gaveupB.endedupC.setupD.showedup33.A.removedB.rejectedC.reg
ainedD.released34.A.countryB.familyC.hometownD.community35.A.whateverB.whicheverC.whoeverD.whomever36.A.fortuneB.possibilityC.e
xperienceD.destiny37.A.disappearedB.disapprovedC.unexpectedD.unconfirmed38.A.appropriatelyB.approximatelyC.likely
D.exactly39.A.createdB.imaginedC.instructedD.directed40.A.particularB.popularC.familiarD.regular【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.B25.D26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.
A32.B33.D34.B35.C36.A37.D38.C39.A40.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在很多英语国家家庭里都会在圣诞树上挂上奇形怪状的腌黄瓜装饰的传统。传说这个传统是由德国移民传入美国的,但也有报道指出这只是向美国销售德国饰品的商业伎俩。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨
析。句意:这种被认为是从德国引进来的做法受到许多英语家庭的青睐。A.interrupted中断;B.mentioned提到;C.favored青睐;D.suspected怀疑。根据第一段第一句提到“Everyyear,familiesacrosstheUSandtheUKhang
uplittlestrange-shapedpickles(腌黄瓜)todecoratetheirChristmastrees.”每一年,美国和英国的家庭都会在圣诞树上装饰奇形怪状的腌黄瓜,说明大家都很喜欢这项活动。C项符合文意,故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这种被认为是从德国
引进来的做法受到许多英语家庭的青睐。A.Germany德国;B.America美国;C.England英国;D.Australia澳大利亚。根据第一段第一句提到这项活动在英语国家内很受欢迎,除德国外,其他三个国家都是英语国家。A项符合文意,故选
A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:传统活动包括把腌黄瓜装饰藏在树枝之间,奖励发现它的孩子,并让孩子有机会先打开礼物。A.pleasing使满意;B.winning赢得;C.rewarding奖励;D.encouraging
鼓励。让孩子先打开礼物对孩子来讲是一种奖励。C项符合文意,故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们也相信今年会获得好运。A.fame名望;B.luck运气;C.fate命运;D.life生活。人们通过在圣诞节做这样的活动以祈求好运。B项符合文意,故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析
。句意:然而,这项传统的起源还是有点令人困惑。A.congratulation祝贺;B.expectation期望;C.situation情况;D.tradition传统。根据第一段提到每一年都会在做这样
的活动,且第二段第一句提到“Thetradition…”这项传统所包含的活动。说明这项活动已经成为传统。D项符合文意,故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:事实上,它似乎并不真正起源于德国,因为大多数德国人都不这样做。A.originated起源;B.conc
luded总结;C.borrowed借用;D.dated约会;注明日期。根据第三段第一句提到“Theorigin…”这项活动的起源还有点令人困惑,因为德国人不这样做,说明这项活动的起源并不是德国。A项符合文意,故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:另一个故事
是,挂腌黄瓜的这项传统实际上不是从德国开始的,而是有一个在美国的德国移民开始的。A.custom习俗;B.routine常规;C.performance表现;D.story故事。根据第四段提到了挂泡菜这项活动的来源,由此可知,这是一个故事
。D项符合文意,故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:另一个故事是,挂腌黄瓜的这项传统实际上不是从德国开始的,而是由一个在美国的德国移民开始的。A.decorating装饰;B.hanging挂;C.manufacturing生产;D.pur
chasing购买。根据第一段第一句提到“Everyyear,familiesacrosstheUSandtheUKhanguplittlestrange-shapedpickles…”每年,在讲英语的英美国家家庭里都会在圣诞树上挂上腌黄瓜,B项符合文意,故选B
。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:传说一名叫做JohnLower的德国男子移民到美国后,在内战期间他入狱生病了。A.program程序;B.inspiration灵感;C.legend传说;D.intention意图。根据第三段第一句提到“Theor
iginofthe…isabitconfusing”故事的起源令人疑惑,且第四段第一句提到了另外一个故事版本,由此可判断故事的真相仍不清楚,故事只是传说。C项符合文意,故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:传说一名叫做JohnLower
的德国男子移民到美国后,在内战期间他入狱生病了。A.fled逃离;B.slipped滑到;C.escaped逃脱;D.immigrated移民。根据第四段第一句提到“…butwithaGermanimmigrantintheUS.”这项活动很有可能是从一名移民到美国的
德国人开始的。因此在故事中提到的JohnLower应该是移民到美国的。D项符合文意,故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服一名警卫给他一顿腌黄瓜作为最后一餐,但他最终活了下来。A.persuaded说服;B.advised建议;C.commanded命令;D.urged敦
促。根据第四段第二句提到“…becameillwhenhewasinprisonduringtheCivilWar.”JohnLower在狱中生病了,可能不久于人世,他就想要吃最后一顿饭,因此他说服警卫给他吃一点腌黄瓜。A项符合文意,故选A。【32题详解】考查动词
词组辨析。句意:他说服一名警卫给他一顿腌黄瓜作为最后一餐,但他最终活了下来。A.gaveup放弃;B.endedup结束;C.setup设置;D.showedup出现。因为吃了警卫给他的腌黄瓜,他活下来了。B项符合文意,故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他被释放后,他把
腌黄瓜作为自己的家庭传统。A.removed移动;B.rejected抵制;C.regained重新获得;D.released释放。只有他被释放了才有可能和家人一起过圣诞节。D项符合文意,故选D。【34题详解
】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他被释放后,他把腌黄瓜作为自己的家庭庆祝圣诞的传统,并把它藏在圣诞树上。A.country国家;B.family家庭;C.hometown家乡;D.community社区。分析句子可知,John是和自己的家人一起过圣诞节,并在圣诞树上挂泡
菜,说明这只是他自己家的传统。B项符合文意,故选B。【35题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意:被释放后,他把腌黄瓜作为自己的家庭庆祝圣诞的传统,并把它藏在圣诞树上,无论谁发现了这个腌黄瓜,都能拥有和他一样的好运气。A.whatever无论如何;B.whichever无论哪一个
;C.whoever无论谁;D.whomever无论谁。只要是找到泡菜的孩子就能拥有和John一样的好运气,此处并无指定某人,因此判断此句为让步状语从句,意为“无论/不管是谁…”,C项符合文意,故选C。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:说到无论谁发现了这个腌黄瓜,都能拥有和他一样的
好运气。A.fortune运气;B.possibility可能性;C.experience经历;D.destiny命运。根据第二段最后一句提到“It’salsobelievedthatpersonwillgetgoodluckfortheyear.
”在圣诞树上找到腌黄瓜就意味着好运气。A项符合文意,故选A。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当然,这个故事也是未经证实的,这可能只是为了无法解释腌黄瓜来源时编出的一个故事。A.disappeared消失;B.disapproved未批准;C.u
nexpected意外;D.unconfirmed未经确认。根据第五段第一句提到这个故事可能也只是一个编出来的故事,说明这个故事仍未被正式。D项符合文意,故选D。【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:据《开放国家》报道,这个腌黄瓜游戏很有可能是向
美国人出售德国玻璃饰品的营销伎俩。A.appropriately适当地;B.approximately大约地;C.likely有可能;D.exactly确切地。likely表达一种猜测。C项符合文意,故选C。【39题详解】考查
动词词义辨析。句意:据说,这个故事是F.W.Woolworth在1880年商店开始进口装饰品时编造的。A.created创造;B.imagined想象;C.instructed指示;D.directe
d指导。根据倒数第三段提到这个故事可能是德国向美国出售商品时使用的伎俩,由此说明故事可能是编造的。A项符合文意,故选A。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:无论传统是真实的还是编造的,腌黄瓜饰品都风靡一时。A
.particular特指的;B.popular流行的;C.familiar熟悉的;D.regular常规的。前文提到很多家庭都要在圣诞节在圣诞树上装饰腌黄瓜,说明腌黄瓜饰品很流行。B项符合文意,故选B。第II卷(非选择题,共50分)第二节(共10小题;每题1.5分,满分15分)语法填空:阅
读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。AccordingtoanannouncementbySergeyKravtsov,Russianviceministerofed
ucationandscience,Sputniknewsreported,Russia’snationalcollegeentranceexamwillincludeMandarinas___41___electiveforeignlanguagestartingfrom2019.Chine
sewillbecomethe___42___(five)electivetestitemfortheUnifiedStateExaminadditiontoEnglish,German,FrenchandSpanish.ThenumberofChineselearnersinR
ussia____43____(rise)quicklyinthepastdecade,accordingtoasurvey____44____(carry)outbyalinguisticresearchcenterinRussia.___45___moreandmorepeoplech
oosinguniversitycoursesinRussia,approachesto____46____(learn)Chinesevaryfrompersontoperson.Thethree-hour-longChinesetestwillquizstudentso
ntheirlistening,readingandwriting____47____(able)andafourthsectionwillexaminestudentsongrammar,vocabularyandChines
echaracters.SomepartsintheexamareevenalittlebitdifficultfornativeChinesespeakers.InsidersfromtheRussiaeducationindustryconfirmedth
atthose____48____arewithrelevantprofessionalbackgroundandMandarinproficiency(精通)are___49___(compete)injobappli
cationthanothers.AccordingtotheOfficeofChineseLanguageCouncilInternational,some100millionpeople,excludingnativespeakers,useChinese____50____(globa
l).【答案】41.an42.fifth43.hasrisen44.carried45.With46.learning47.abilities48.who49.morecompetitive50.globally【解析】【分析】这
是一篇说明文。文章介绍了汉语在俄罗斯发展的情况。俄罗斯把汉语列为高考选修语,且俄罗斯学习汉语的人数迅速增加。同时,有关人士还证实,会汉语且有相关专业背景的人比其他人在求职时更有竞争力。【41题详解】考查不定冠词。句意:俄罗斯《国家大学报》报道,
俄罗斯教育和科学部副部长SergeyKravtsov宣布,从2019年开始,俄罗斯全国高考将把汉语列为选修外语。分析句子可知,elective为元音音素开头的单词,且此处不强调数的观念,只说明一门选修的外语。故填an。【42题详解】考查序数词。句意:除英语、德语、法语和
西班牙语之外,汉语将成为国家统一考试的第五门选修考试项目。分析句子可知,定冠词the后修饰序数词。故填fifth。【43题详解】考查动词时态。句意:过去十年来,在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数迅速增加。分析句子可知,inthepastd
ecade常与现在完成时连用,主语为ThenumberofChineselearners,谓语为单数。故填hasrisen。【44题详解】考查非谓语。句意:俄罗斯一家语言研究中心进行的一项调查显示,过去十来,在俄罗斯学习汉语的人数迅速增加。分析句子可
知,asurvey与carry之间是逻辑上的被动关系,因此需使用过去分词表被动。故填carried。【45题详解】考查with符合结构。句意:在俄罗斯,随着越来越多的人在大学里选择了课程,学习汉语的方法也
因人而异。分析句子可知,该句为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,此处为“with+宾语+现在分词”在句中作状语。故填With。【46题详解】考查非谓语。句意:在俄罗斯,随着越来越多的人在大学里选择了课程,学习汉语的方法也
因人而异。分析句子可知,approachto意为“的办法;途径”,后接动词ing形式。故填learning。【47题详解】考查名词复数。句意:为期三小时的汉语测试将测试学生的听力、阅读和写作能力,测试的第四节将测试学生的语法、词汇和汉字的能力。分析句子可知,形容词物主代词t
heir后应修饰名词,且句中包含了三种能力,因此要使用ability的复数形式。故填abilities。【48题详解】考查关系代词。句意:俄罗斯教育界的内部人士证实,那些具有相关专业背景和汉语水平的人,在求职方面比其他人更具有竞争力。分析句子可知,此句
为定语从句,且从句中缺少主语成分。当先行词为those时,只能用关系代词who。故填who。【49题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意:俄罗斯教育界的内部人士证实,那些具有相关专业背景和汉语水平的人,在求职方面比其他人更具有竞争力。分析句子可知,than
用作连词的意思是“比”,可指两个不同的人或物在同一方面进行比,也可指同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较,competitive为多音节形容词,因此比较级前需加more,故填morecompetitive。【50题详解】考查副词,句意:根据国际中文理事会办公室的数据,全球约有1
亿人(不包括汉语母语人士)使用中文。分析句子可知,应使用副词修饰动词use。故填globally。【点睛】“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,通常有以下几种形式:with+宾语+adj.:Helikestocookwiththedoo
ropen.with+宾语+adv.:Withherdaughterawayfromhome,shewasworried.with+宾语+介词短语:Shecameinwithacatinherarms.with+宾语+现在分词:Withalocalguideleadingtheway,we
gotthereeasily.with+宾语+过去分词:Withtheproblemsolved,wewentonsmoothly.with+宾语+不定式:Withthequestiontobesolved,wecontinuewor
kinghard.第四部分写作第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误,每句中最多有两处。错误
涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。In1stOct.20
19,wegatheredinBeijingtocelebratea70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePRC.LocatinginNorthChina,Beijingservest
hecapitalofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Itisthenation’spoliticalandculturecenterthroughouttheirlonghistory.Sotherearealargenu
mberofdiscoverytoexcitetravelersastheyexploreintothecity’spastanddevelopment.Ithadbecomeoneofthemostpopular
traveldestinationsintheworld,wheremillionsoftouristsvisiteveryyear.【答案】1.In→On2.a→the3.Locating→Located4.serves后加as5.culture→cultural6.
their→its7.discovery→discoveries8.删除into9.had→has10.where→which【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的相关情况。在漫长的历史中,北京作
为中华人民共和国的首都,吸引了数以万计的游客,成为了最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一。【详解】1.考查介词。句意:2019年10月1日,我们相聚北京,庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年。分析句子可知,具体的日期前需使用介词on。故将In改为On。2.考查定冠词。句意:2019年10
月1日,我们相聚北京,庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年。分析句子可知,序数词前需用定冠词the修饰。故将a改为the。3.考查非谓语。句意:北京谓语中国的北方,是中华人民共和国的首都。分析句子可知,Beijin
g与locate之间是逻辑上的被动关系,因此需使用过去分词表被动。故将Locating改为Located。4.考查固定搭配。句意:北京位于中国的北方,是中华人民共和国的首都。分析句子可知,此处应为“serveas”
的固定搭配,意为“用作;充当;担任;作为”,故在serves后加as。5.考查形容词。句意:在其漫长的历史中,它是国家的政治和文化中心。分析句子可知,and连接两个词性相同的词,political是形容词,且需形容词修饰名词center,故将culture改为cultural。6.考查代词。句意
:在其漫长的历史中,它是国家的政治和文化中心。分析句子可知,世界上只有一个中国,因此使用形容词性物主代词的单数形式即可,故将their改为its。7.考查名词复数。句意:因此,有大量的发现激发着游客,使他们探索城市的过去和发展。分析句子可知,alargenumberof后接可数名词复数
形式。故将discovery改为discoveries。8.考查动词。句意;因此,有大量的发现激发着游客,使他们探索城市的过去和发展。分析句子可知,explore为及物动词,因此不需要在及物动词后使用介词。故将into删去。9.考查动词时态。句意:它已成为世界上最受欢迎的旅
游目的地之一,每年有数百万游客前来参观。分析句子可知,北京从过去成为最受欢迎的旅游目的地,到现在以及未来都会是最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一,因此需使用现在完成时。故将had改为has。10.考查关系代词。句意:它已
成为世界上最受欢迎的旅游目的地之一,每年有数百万游客前来参观。分析句子可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为traveldestinations且在从句中作宾语,故将where改为which。【点睛】根据最后一个错误,总结非限制定语从句中关系代词的用法,
1.that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。2.除which外,还可用when,where,whose,who,whom等引导非限制性定语从句,用法及差异与它们用在限制性定语从句时相同。3.which引导定语从句,可以在从句中作定语。
4.非限制性定语从句的关系代词which,既可以指代前面的某个名词,也可以指代前面整个句子的内容。5.在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不能省略。第二节书面表达(满分25分)52.假定你是李华。你所在班级的交
换生Peter正在进行一项关于垃圾分类的研究。他给你来信询问你们社区垃圾分类的实施情况,请给Peter回一份邮件,告诉他相关信息,邮件内容包括:1.写邮件的目的;2.垃圾分类的实施情况;3.你对垃圾分类的看法。注意:1.电子邮件的格式已为你写好,不计入总词数;2.词数:100左右。垃圾分
类:garbageclassificationDearPeter,___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【答案】DearPeter,Howiseverythinggoing?Inyourlastlet
ter,youaskedmeaboutgarbageclassificationinmycommunity,soI’mwritingtotellyousomedetailsaboutit.Thegarbageclassificationactivi
tywaslaunchedinourcommunitylastmonth.Peoplearerequiredtosorthouseholdgarbageintofourcategories,eachofwhichissupposedtobethrownintoc
ertainbinsatcertaintimes.Individualswhofailtodosowillbefined.Althoughpeoplewereconfusedwiththedemandinggarbageclassificationatthebeginning,theyaremuc
hbetteratsortinggarbagenowwiththehelpofaspecialApp.Tomakethegarbageclassificationeasiertoachieve,moreandmorerestaurantsinourc
ommunityareusingenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialstodelivertheirfood.Thehotelsintheneighbourhoodalsogivepriorityt
oofferingproductsmadefromrecyclablematerials.Personally,I’minfullsupportofgarbageclassificationbecauseitcontributestoarous
ingpeople’sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.Hopefullymyinformationisofhelptoyou.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文写作。【详
解】第1步:根据提示可知,本篇为一封电子邮件;假定你是李华。你所在班级的交换生Peter正在进行一项关于垃圾分类的研究。他给你来信询问你们社区垃圾分类的实施情况,请给Peter回一份邮件,告诉他相关信息,邮件内容包括
:1.写邮件的目的;2.垃圾分类的实施情况;3.你对垃圾分类的看法。第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组),如:garbageclassification(垃圾分类);belaunchedin(启动);sort(分类);be
supposedto(应该);beconfusedwith(困惑)等。第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡,书写一定要规范清晰,保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【
点睛】范文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如Peoplearerequiredtosorthouseholdgarbageintofourcategories,eachofwhichissupposedtobethrownintocertain
binsatcertaintimes.运用了定语从句;Althoughpeoplewereconfusedwiththedemandinggarbageclassificationatthebeginning,theyaremuchbetteratsortinggarbagenowwi
ththehelpofaspecialApp.运用了让步状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外,文章思路清晰、层次分明,上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。