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【新课标】2021普通高等学校招生统一考试模拟预测卷四英语试题（考试时间：90分钟试卷满分：120分）注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后

，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解（共两节

，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOceanTodayservesasagatetothemostusefulandint

erestingwebsitesandorganizationsonoceanscienceandculture,tothousandsofocean-basedcurriculaandeducationalres

ources,toourOceanDirectoryofover18,000oceanorganizationsworldwide.Ourknowledgeoftheoceantodaygoesbeyondthelim

itsofadistanthorizonandmysteriousdeep.Throughexplorationandscientificresearch,wehavebeguntolearnmoreaboutitsphysicalelements,itsculturalcontri

butions,anditsinteractionwithothernaturalsystems-climateandfreshwater,forexample-thatapplydirectlytoourpersonal,fina

ncial,andsocialwelfare.WorldOceanObservatoryadvocatesfortheoceanthroughindependent,responsible,non-politicalscience,andisdedicatedt

oadvancingpublicunderstandingofoceanissuesthroughinstitutionalcooperationandpartnerships,pro-activepr

ograms,andconnectionwithindividualsubscribersaroundtheworld.ExtremeWeatherkeepsusinformedoftheundatedsevereweatherconditionsaroundtheworld,i

ncludingvividimagesandreportsofhurricanesandtyphoons,tsunamisandwaves,droughts.HowdoCO2emissions(排放)orglob

alwarmingaffectourweather?Isthereaconnectionbetweenourbehaviorandthesephenomena?Howcanweprotectourselvesfromthedestructiveeffect?WorldO

ceanForum,dedicatedtovoicesforchangeinoceanpolicyandactionworldwide,islinkingunexpectedpeoplewithunexpectedideasandofferingaknowledgeableoutlet

forresearch,opinionandstorytelling.Toinquireaboutbecomingacontributingwriter,ortocontributetoourSolutionsW

ithinReachseries,pleasecontactusatdirectorthew2o.net.Acontribution,inanyamount,helpstofurtheradvanceglobalocea

ncommunications.Weareinformingmillionsofindividualsaroundtheglobe,buildingpoliticalwill,andchangingthefuturebychangingglobalper

spectivesofhumanimpactsontheoceanwhilesharingtheknowledgethattheseaconnectsallthings.1．Whatisthefunctiono

fOceanToday?A．Anentrytoocean-basedinformation.B．Aplatformtoexchangeresources.C．Awindowtolearnmoreaboutecology.D．Ani

nspirationtoexploremoreaboutseas.2．WhatdoesExtremeWeatherfocuson?A．Findingoutthedrivingforcebehindthenature.B．Promotingglobalcoope

rationtoabetterworld.C．Offeringinformationaboutlatestweatherchange.D．Processingdataofgreenhousegasemissions.3．Ifsomeonewantstomakehisvoicehea

rd,hemightprobablychoose________.A．OceanDirectoryB．WorldOceanObservatoryC．ExtremeWeatherD．WorldOcean

ForumBRomewasn'tbuiltinaday.AndneitherwastheRomansubwaysystem.Undergroundworkisslowgoing,becauseconstructionworkersofte

nmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewoodenfoundationsofa

luxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.SolocalarchaeologistscalledinMauroBernabeioftheNationalResearchCouncilofItaly.He'sa

dendrochronologist:someonewhoanalyzestreerings,whichgiveageandenvironmentalinformation."Wehavetostudywoodbecauseit'sfull,reallyfull

,ofinformation!"Bernabeiandhisteamfoundthatthewoodenplankswereoak(橡木).Butthewood'soriginwashardertodetermine.Soth

eycomparedthetreeringsintheoakfloortothoseavailableinlibrariesoftreeringsthatcontaintimberfromalloverEurope.Andtheyfou

ndamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan600milesaway.Theresearchersalsodeterminedthatitwasusedinabout40to60B．C．And

somecamefromtreesalreadyupto300yearsoldwhentheywerecutdown.ThedetailsareinthejournalPLOSONE.Thediscovery

isthefirstclearevidenceofoakfromnorthoftheAlpsbeingusedtobuildancientRome.Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingn

etwork.Thesetrees,forexample,likelyfloateddowntworivers,acrosstheMediterraneanandupanotherrivertoRome.BernabeisaysRomanarchaeologistsusuall

ydestroyancientwood—it'snotasvaluableasjewelryandvasesandfrescos.Buthe'shopingthisstudymightchangetheirminds."Savethewood,yes!An

dcallme,ifyoudon'twanttosave—please,callme!"Hesays.4．WhydoesthesubwayinRomegoslowly?A．Itishardtodiguptheearth

inRome.B．Therearemanyancientruinsburiedhere.C．ItisverydangeroustoworktoofastinRomeD．TheRomanarenotexp

eriencedinbuildingsubways5．Whatcanpeoplelearnfromthewoodfoundations?A．ThewealthinancientRomeB．Thetradinginformatio

nofancientRomeC．ThecultureofancientRomeD．ThesocialrelationsofancientRome6．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4referto?A．ThestoneB．ThesubwayC．TheF

renchwoodD．TheRomanfoundation7．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．ScientistsfoundsomeinformationaboutancientRomeB．Woodwasnotasvaluableasstones

inancientRomeC．OnlytherichpeopleinancientRomecouldusewoodD．AncientRomecouldhavearichtradingnetwork.CDespitegro

wingconcernsovertinybitsofplasticfillingtheworld’swaterways,thelong-termenvironmentaleffectsofthatwasteremainuncl

ear.Nowanexperimentonfreshwatersediment(沉积物)communitiesexposedtomicroplasticsforoverayearhelpsclarifyhowharm

fulthispollutioncanbe.Researchersputtrays(托盘)ofsedimentlitteredwithdifferentamountsofpolystyrene(averylightsoftplastic)particl

es(颗粒)—rangingfrom0to5percentplastic—inthebottomofanoutdoorwaterwaywherebugs,snailsandotherlittlecrea

turescolonizedthemud.After15months,fewerorganismswerefoundlivinginthetrayswith5percentpolystyrenethanin

trayswithlessplastic,largelybecausefewerNaididaewormslivedinthemostpollutedmud.Thetrayswith0to0.5percentmicr

oplasticaveragedbetweenabout500and800wormspertray,whilemudwith5percentplasticaveragedfewerthan300,resea

rchersreportedJanuary31inScienceAdvances.ThatreductioninNaididaewormssuggeststhatseveremicroplasticpollutioncanthrowfreshwat

erecosystemsoutofbalance.The5percentplasticconcentrationwhereresearcherssawamajordropintheNaididaewo

rmpopulationhasmorepollutionthanwhatistypicallyfoundinfreshwatersediment,saysstudycoauthorBartKoelmans,whostudiesaquaticecologyatWageningenUni

versity&ResearchintheNetherlands.“It’sareallyimportantpieceofwork,”saysRichardThompson,whostudiesenvironmentaleffectsofplasticpollutionattheUni

versityofPlymouthinEnglandbutwasnotinvolvedinthestudy.“Mostofourunderstandingabouttheimpactsofsmallpiecesofplasticcomesfromlab

oratorystudiesoverseveralweeks.Thenewexperimentgetsclosertoassessingmicroplastic’slong-term,real-worldeffects

,”hesays.Justbecausetheresearchersdidn’tobserveasignificanteffectonthesefreshwatercommunitiesatlowerplasticconcentrations“doesn’tmeanthattherearen

oeffects,”saysAnaLuísaPatrfcioSilva,anecotoxicologistattheUniversityofAveiroinPortugalnotinvolvedinthework.Simplykeepingacountoftheorganism

slivinginmudwithacertainamountofpollutiondoesn’truleoutthepossibilitythatmicroplasticsweakenthecreatures’abilitytofunctionnormally,shesays.8．What

’sthepurposeoftheexperiment?A．Toclearupthemicroplasticsinwaterways.B．Toreducepeople’sconcermsoverplasticpollution.C．Toseehowwormsliveinhar

monywitheachother.D．Toidentifytheharmfuleffectofplasticinwaterways.9．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A．Thetheo

ryoftheexperiment.B．Theprocessoftheexperiment.C．Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.D．Thesignificanceoftheexper

iment.10．TheauthortellsusthatNaididaeworms_______.A．arethemostsensitivetoplasticB．arenotaffectedbyplasticpollutionC．areasignoffreshwaterecosyst

embalanceD．remainleastinwaterwith1percentplastic11．What’sAna’sattitudetowardsthefindings?A．Favorable.B．Skeptical.C．Ambiguous.D．Un

caring.DFormanyAmericans,regularexerciseisacomplicatedcommitment—onemadeatthebeginningofJanuarythatfadesoutwithinweeksormonths.Busyw

orkschedules,alackofmotivationanduneasetowardsexercisinginpublicallcontributetothediscouragingstatisticsthatonlyaroundaquart

erofadultsexerciseenoughperweek.Thismonth,enterptiserTrentWardanddesignerYvesBeharareuncoveringtheir

designforamirrorfitnesssystem,Forme.Formeisreflectivelikeamirror,usesmachinelearningtoheightenworkouts,andoffersattachmentsincludinganklebelts,rope

handlesandaheartralemonitor.Whennotinuse,thetwoarmsthatformtheresistancepulley（滑轮）systemfoldbehinditandthedisplayscreendisappear

s,turningFormeintoasimplefull—lengthmirror.Interestinhomeexercisehasparticularlyincreasedrecentlyaroundtheworld.Homeworkoutapp

shaveseenasignificantuptickindownloads,andtrendybrandslikePelotonhaverolledoutfreevirtualworkoutsforeveryonestuckindoors.OneFrenchathlet

ewhowaskeptawayfromotherschosetorunanentiremarathononhis23—footbalcony.Butbeyondthenewrestrictionsaffectingdailyworkoutroutines,Wardan

dBehararetappingintothesameconcernsthathavemadeeveryhomeworkoutappealing：theabilitytosavetimeandsweatinth

eprivacyofone’shome.Inanageofpersonalmetrics（衡量标准）－whereonecanmeasuretheirheartrateandsleepcycleswith

smartwatchesandtrainformarathonswithAIsmartsneakers—WardandBeharwanttoimproveexercisethroughmachinelearning.Formee

valuatesperformanceandadjustsweightsaccordingly.Easyaccesstoperformancedataalsomakesiteasiertotrackthatprogressandstaymotivated.Tho

ughit’stoosoontotellifmirrorgymswillbethetrendofthelate2010sto2020s,Beharexplainedthathavingascreeninthehomec

anbecomethebasisformorethanjustfitness,suchasshoppingortelemedicine.12．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlyfocuson

?.A．ThefeaturesofForme.B．ThewaystooperateForme.C．ThereasonstodevelopForme.D．ThetheorybehindForme.13．HowcanPelotonbenefititsusers?A．Byraisingtheiri

nterestinmarathon.B．Byofferingthemonlineworkoutsforfree.C．Bykeepingthemfarawayfromothers.D．Byentertainingthemwithallkindsofdownloads.14．Whatmakesho

meworkoutappealingaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Thebetterresultsthanoutdooractivities.B．Theprivacyofhome.C．Thefresherairathome.D．The

convenientaccesstomassdata.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．CanFormeHaveMorePowerfulFunctions?B．DoesRegularExerciseKee

pupwithNewTechnology?C．IstheNewTrendofSmartMachinesatHomeFashionable?D．IsThisAI—powered"MirrorGym"theFutureofHomeExercise?第二

节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoGettheSleepYourBodyNeedsBoilthreetofourlargelettuceleaves

inacupofwaterfor15minutes.Removefromheat,addtwomints(薄荷),anddrinkjustbeforeyougotobed.Lettucecontainsaslee

p-inducingmatter,whichaffectsthebrainsimilarlytodrugs.16．◆Giveyourselfamassage(按摩).Slowlymovethetipsofyourfinge

rsaroundyoureyesinaslow,circularmotion.Afterminute,movedowntoyourmouth,thentoyourneckandthebackofyourhead.17．◆Takehotbath90to120minutesb

eforebedtime.Aresearchstudyfoundthatwomenwithsleeplessnesswhotookahotbathduringthisperiodoftime(watertempera

tureapproximately105(℉),sleptmuchbetterthatnight.18．Andthenitimmediatelydroppedoncetheygotoutofthebat

h,readyingthemforsleep.◆19．Then,ifyouwakeinthemiddleofthenightandyourmindstartsgoing,youcanquicklywritewhatyoudreamabou

tonthepage,returningtosleepquicklybyknowingyou“caught”thosethoughts.Maybeyou’retiredoffeelinglikeyou’renotatyourbesto

rlikeyou’renotgettingthesleepyouneed.20．SignupfortheNationalSleepFoundation’sSleepChallengetoday!A．It

isharmlesstoyourhealth.B．Thenit’stimetotakeactionimmediately!C．Thebathincreasedtheircenterbodytemperature.D．Yourbodytemperaturewilldropwhenyoug

otobed.E.Unliketakingdrugs,ofcourse,youwon’truntheriskofaddiction!F.Keepanotebookatyourbedsidealongwithagentlenight-lightandpen.G.Continuedownyourbo

dyuntilyoufindyou’resorelaxedthatyou’rereadytosleep.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，

选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Astemperaturesapproached90degreesinNewYorkCitylastJuly4th,threepoliceofficerswentintoaWholeFoodsMarkettogetsomethi

ngcoldtodrink.Whattheywalkedintowas21.Onceinside,theywere22byastoresecurityguardwhoaskedforhelpwitha(n)23thief.Thewomaninquestiondid

n’thavethe24ofacareercriminal.Shewasobviously25,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.Theofficerslookedinsideherbag.“Allwesawwas26offood.Wedidn’tseea

nythingelse,”Cuevassaid.“I’mhungry,”she27quietly.Caughtonthespot,thewomannodoubt28tobeputtojailforthecrimeofbeinghungrywhilepoor.Buttheofficer

shadotherideas.“We’ll29herfood,”Sojotoldthe30securityguard.There’dbeenno31amongthethreemen,no32toseewhethertheywereallin.Itwentunsaid.33

,theypickedupthewoman’sbagand34hertoacashregister,whereeachchippedin$10topaythetab.Shewouldnotbe35today.Allthewomancoulddowassilent36ingra

titude.Coveringherfacewithahandkerchiefand37hertears,sherepeated,“Thankyou.”Shewasn’ttheonlyonetouchedbythisactofkindness

.Amanatthestorepostedaphotoofwhathe’d38onTwitter.But39wasneverwhattheofficerssought.AsSojoresponded,“Wh

enyouseethatsomeoneneedsyouandthey’reactuallyhungry,it’s40towalkawayfromsomethinglikethis.”21．A．unrealistic

B．descriptiveC．negativeD．dramatic22．A．avoidedB．eruptedC．approachedD．parked23．A．deliveredB．suspectedC．acceptedD．admitted24．A．skillB．lookC．instr

uctionD．interest25．A．scaredB．devotedC．confusedD．disturbed26．A．samplesB．receiptsC．containersD．labels27．A．challengedB．expla

inedC．recommendedD．calculated28．A．threatenedB．determinedC．wantedD．expected29．A．clearupB．storeupC．payforD．askfor30．A．convincedB．

preparedC．worriedD．surprised31．A．reportB．discussionC．conversationD．comment32．A．needB．wayC．opportunityD．escape33．A．Additiona

llyB．StillC．InsteadD．Therefore34．A．sentB．restrictedC．droveD．accompanied35．A．arrestedB．developedC．replacedD．presented36．A．weepB．blameC．blessingD．arran

gement37．A．wellingB．clearingC．dryingD．fencing38．A．spreadB．witnessedC．laidD．sponsored39．A．attentionB．rewar

dC．connectionD．observation40．A．essentialB．imaginaryC．fantasticD．difficult第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个

适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ItwasintheninthyearwhenIbegantosuffer41．depression.MyparentsnoticedbutfeltthatsinceI’dalwa

ysbeen42．goodchild,thiswouldnotlastlong.43．(fortunate),itwasnotso.Ididn’thavefriends.HardlycouldIsharemyproblems.Deepanxie

tybegantodestroymy44．(confident).IgottiredofstudyingandfinallyIrefusedtoattendclass,45．(shut)myselfinmyroomforhour

s.Theexamwasdrawingnear,butIsimplydidn’tcare.Myparentsandteachersweresurprisedatmybadbehavior.Onemorning,afteran46．(argue)withmyf

ather,Istoodattheschoolgate,depressed.Thenastheotherstudentswenttotheirclassrooms,ourheadmastercalledme.Thenextfortyminuteswasoneofthem

ostimportant47．(moment)inmylife.Shesaidshe48．(notice)abigchangeinmeandwonderedwhy.Atfirstshetookmyhandsin49．(she)andlistenedpatientlyasIsaidmywor

ries.ThenshehuggedmeasIcried.Monthsoflonelinessdisappearedinhermotherlyhug.Noonehadtriedtounderstandwhattherealproblemwase

xcepttheheadmaster,50．helpedmeoutsimplybylisteningandhugging.第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处

语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅

限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。InordertocelebratedNationalDayandtheMid-AutumnFestival,andwehadan8-dayholiday.

Afterit,myclassmatesandIweretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholidayexcitedly.Thenwedecidedtogotohelpthef

armersinsteadofstayathome.Assoonaswearrivedatfarm,wewereattractedbytheappleshangingonthebranches.Wecouldn'twaittopicktheapples,whichwerethemo

stinterestingwork.Particular,wewereallowedtochoosewhatwelikedbestandtastethem.Wedidn'tfeelboringatallev

enthoughthejobwastiring.Weworkedfor5hourshappilyunlessthesunset.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，你的英国笔友David来信想了解你校刚举行过的运动会情况，请你用英语给他写封回信

，要点包括：1.时间及项目；2.师生参与情况；3.你的感受。注意:1、词数100左右；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3、开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearDavid,I’mreallygladtohearfromyou.___

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_____________________________Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua答案解析第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）A【答案】1．A2．C3．D【解析】这是一篇

说明文。文章介绍了提供海洋信息、关注海洋问题等的组织和网站。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“OceanTodayservesasagatetothemostusefulandinterestingwebsitesandorganizationsonoceanscienceandculture,to

thousandsofocean-basedcurriculaandeducationalresources,toourOceanDirectoryofover18,000oceanorganizationsworldwide.（《今日海洋》为人们打开关于海洋科学和文化的最有用和最

有趣的网站和组织，数以千计的海洋课程和教育资源，以及我们全球18000个海洋组织的海洋目录的大门。）”可知，《今日海洋》的功能是提供海洋信息的入口。故选A项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“ExtremeWeatherkeepsusinformedoftheundateds

evereweatherconditionsaroundtheworld,includingvividimagesandreportsofhurricanesandtyphoons,tsunamisandwaves,droughts.（《极端天气》使我们了解世界各地未注明

日期的恶劣天气状况，包括飓风和台风、海啸和海浪、干旱的生动图像和报告。）”可知，《极端天气》的焦点是提供最新天气变化信息。故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“WorldOceanForum,dedicat

edtovoicesforchangeinoceanpolicyandactionworldwide,islinkingunexpectedpeoplewithunexpectedideasandofferingaknowled

geableoutletforresearch,opinionandstorytelling.（《世界海洋论坛》，致力于改变全球海洋政策和行动的声音，将意想不到的人与意想不到的想法联系起来，并为研究、意见和故事提供一个知识丰富的渠道。）”可知，如果有人想让别人听到他

的声音，他可能会选择《世界海洋论坛》。故选D项。B【答案】4．B5．B6．C7．A【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Undergroundworkisslowgoing,because

constructionworkersoftenmeetwithfrescoes(壁画)andothervaluablestonefoundationsthousandsofyearsago.”（地下工

程进展缓慢，因为建筑工人经常会遇到几千年前的壁画和其他有价值的石头地基）可知，罗马地铁建设进展缓慢是因为地下埋藏着许多古代遗迹，故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第五段“Andit'sareminderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwor

k.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，从木地基中我们能够了解到古罗马的贸易信息，故选B。6．词句猜测题。根据第三段“AndtheyfoundamatchfortheRomanwood—fromtheJuraregionofeasternFrance,morethan

600milesaway.”可知，他们在600多英里外的法国东部朱拉地区发现了一种罗马木材的匹配物，此处承接上文，说的是研究人员还确定，在法国发现的这种木材在大约公元前40年至60年间曾被使用过，由此可知，it指代的就是上文提到的法国木材，故选C。7．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据

第一段“Andafewyearsago,theyfoundthewoodenfoundationsofaluxuriousporchfromaRomanbuilding.”（几年前，他们在一座深埋地下的古罗马建筑的豪华门廊上发现了木制地基）及第五段“Andit'saremi

nderthattheRomanshadacomplextradingnetwork.”（这也提醒我们罗马人有一个复杂的贸易网络）可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家们在深埋地下的古罗马建筑的木制地基上发现了古罗马的贸易信息，故选A。C【

答案】8．D9．B10．C11．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一项淡水沉积物群落暴露在微塑料中超过一年的实验，研究发现将有助于弄清微塑料垃圾对环境的长期影响。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Despitegrowingconcernsovertinybi

tsofplasticfillingtheworld’swaterways,thelong-termenvironmentaleffectsofthatwasteremainunclear.Nowanexperimento

nfreshwatersediment(沉积物)communitiesexposedtomicroplasticsforoverayearhelpsclarifyhowharmfulthispollutioncanbe.”可知，尽管

越来越多的人担心世界上的水道中充斥着微小的塑料垃圾，但这些垃圾对环境的长期影响仍不清楚。现在，一项淡水沉积物群落暴露在微塑料中超过一年的实验有助于弄清这种污染的危害。由此推知，这项实验的主要目的是研究塑料在水道中的有害影响。故选D。9．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Researchersputtr

ays(托盘)ofsedimentlitteredwithdifferentamountsofpolystyrene(averylightsoftplastic)particles(颗粒)—rangingfrom0to5percent

plastic—inthebottomofanoutdoorwaterwaywherebugs,snailsandotherlittlecreaturescolonizedthemud.After15months,fewerorganismswerefoundlivinginth

etrayswith5percentpolystyrenethanintrayswithlessplastic,largelybecausefewerNaididaewormslivedinthemostpollutedmud.”可知，研究人员将散落着不同数量的聚

苯乙烯(一种非常轻的软塑料)颗粒(塑料含量从0到5%不等)的沉淀物放置在室外水路的底部，那里有虫子、蜗牛和其他小生物在淤泥中繁衍。15个月后，发现生活在含5%聚苯乙烯的托盘里的微生物比生活在含较少塑料的托盘里的要少，这主要是因为生活在污染最严重的泥里的Naididae蠕虫更少。由此可知

，第二段主要描述了实验过程。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ThatreductioninNaididaewormssuggeststhatseveremicroplasticpollutioncanthrowfreshwaterecosystemsoutofbalance.

”可知，奈迪科蠕虫数量的减少表明，严重的微塑料污染会使淡水生态系统失去平衡。由此可知，奈迪科蠕虫的多少是淡水生态系统是否平衡的标志。故选C。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Justbecausetheresearchersdidn’tobserveasignificanteffect

onthesefreshwatercommunitiesatlowerplasticconcentrations“doesn’tmeanthattherearenoeffects,”saysAnaLuísaPat

rfcioSilva,anecotoxicologistattheUniversityofAveiroinPortugalnotinvolvedinthework.Simplykeepingacountoftheorganismslivinginmudwitha

certainamountofpollutiondoesn’truleoutthepossibilitythatmicroplasticsweakenthecreatures’abilitytofunctionnormally,shesays.”可知，葡萄牙阿威罗大学的生态毒理学家AnaLuis

aPatrfcioSilva没有参与这项研究，她说，仅仅因为研究人员没有在较低的塑料浓度下观察到对这些淡水群落的显著影响，“并不意味着没有影响”。她说，简单地计算在一定程度的污染下生活在泥中的生物数量并不能排除塑料微粒削弱生物正常活动能力的可能性。由此推知，Ana对此

实验的研究结果并不确信，持怀疑态度。故选B。D【答案】12．A13．B14．B15．D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了设计师设计了一种人工智能的“镜子健身房”，让更多的人可以在家锻炼。12．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Formeisre

flectivelikeamirror,usesmachinelearningtoheightenworkouts,andoffersattachmentsincludinganklebelts,rope

handlesandaheartralemonitor.Whennotinuse,thetwoarmsthatformtheresistancepulley（滑轮）systemfoldbehinditandthedisplayscreendi

sappears,turningFormeintoasimplefull—lengthmirror.(Forme像镜子一样反光，利用机器学习提高锻炼强度，并提供踝带、绳柄和心率监测器等附件。当不使用时，构成阻力滑轮系统的两条手臂在它后面折叠起

来，屏幕就消失了，Forme变成了一个简单的全长镜子。)”可知，本段主要讲的是Forme的特点。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Homeworkoutappshaveseenasignificantuptickindownloads,andtre

ndybrandslikePelotonhaverolledoutfreevirtualworkoutsforeveryonestuckindoors.(家庭健身应用的下载量大幅上升，Peloton等时尚品牌也为宅在家里的每个人推出了免费的虚拟健身服务。)”可知，Pel

oton为用户提供免费的在线锻炼，从而让他们受益。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Butbeyondthenewrestrictionsaffectingdailyworkoutroutin

es,WardandBehararetappingintothesameconcernsthathavemadeeveryhomeworkoutappealing:theabilitytosavetimeandsweatintheprivacyofone’shome.(不过，除了影响日常锻炼习惯的

新限制外，Ward和Behar还利用了让每次在家锻炼都吸引人的同样的担忧：在家中私密空间里能够节省时间和出汗。)”可知，家庭健身受欢迎是因为家里有更好的隐私。故选B。15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了设计师设计了一种

人工智能的“镜子健身房”，让更多的人可以在家锻炼。所以用“IsThisAI—powered"MirrorGym"theFutureofHomeExercise?(这种人工智能的“镜子健身房”会是家庭锻炼的未来吗?)”

作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）【答案】16．E17．G18．C19．F20．B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，题材为健康生活类。文章谈论的话题是如何获得身体所需的睡眠。作者提出了4点建

议：喝莴苣、薄荷汤；按摩身体；睡前洗热水澡和夜间醒来做笔记。16．根据前面的“Lettucecontainsasleep-inducingmatter,whichaffectsthebrainsimilar

lytodrugs”可知，莴苣含有一种诱发睡眠的物质，它对大脑的影响类似于毒品。此处承接上文，E项：Unliketakingdrugs,ofcourse,youwon’truntheriskofaddiction!（当然，不像吸毒，你不会有上瘾的风险

！）符合语境。故选E。17．根据前面的“Afteraminute,movedowntoyourmouth,thentoyourneckandthebackofyourhead”可知，一分钟后，移到你的嘴巴，然

后到你的脖子和后脑勺。这里描述的是按摩的部位，从上按摩到下，G项：Continuedownyourbodyuntilyoufindyou’resorelaxedthatyou’rereadytosleep.（继续

向你的身体下方移动，直到你发现你是如此的放松，准备睡觉。）符合语境。故选G。18．根据后面的“Andthenitimmediatelydroppedoncetheygotoutofthebath”可知，然后他们一走出浴池

温度就立刻下降了。由此得出前面的意思是：洗澡提高了他们体内的体温。故选C。19．此处是本段的主题句。根据下文“Then,ifyouwakeinthemiddleofthenightandyourmindstartsgo

ing,youcanquicklywritewhatyoudreamaboutonthepage,returningtosleepquicklybyknowingyou“caught”thosethoughts.”（然后，如果你在半夜醒来，你的思维开始活跃，你可

以很快地把你的梦写在纸上，然后很快地回到睡眠中，因为你知道你“捕捉”了这些想法。）可知，设空处应该提到了写字所需要的物品。F项：（在你的床边放一个笔记本，一盏柔和的夜灯和一支笔。）符合语境。故选F。20．根据后面的“SignupfortheNationalSleepFoundation’sSl

eepChallengetoday!”可知，今天就报名参加国家睡眠基金会的睡眠挑战吧！由此可知前面的意思是：那么是时候采取行动了！故选B。第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）【答案】21．D22

．C23．B24．B25．A26．C27．B28．D29．C30．D31．B32．A33．C34．D35．A36．A37．C38．B39．A40．D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。三名警察在执勤时遇到一个女贼，得知对方是因为太饿才去偷食品，警察

自己掏钱为这个女子购买食品，这个故事被人发布到推特，成为美谈。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们走进的是戏剧性的一幕。A.unrealistic不切实际的；B.descriptive描述的；C.negative悲观的；D.dramatic戏剧性的

。根据下文“Buttheofficershadotherideas.”可知，这里说的是这三名警察在这里遇到的事情以及他们处理的方式具有戏剧性变化。故选D项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一进去，一名商店保安走近他们，要

求帮助对付一名嫌疑小偷。A.avoided拒绝；B.erupted爆发；C.approached走进；D.parked停车。这里用approach表示“靠近，走近”：他们一走进这家超市，就有一名商店保安向他们走来。故选C项。23

．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一进去，一名商店保安走近他们，要求帮助对付一名嫌疑小偷。A.delivered已支付的；B.suspected嫌疑的；C.accepted公认的；D.admitted被承认的。这个女人被怀疑是小偷，因此选B表示“嫌疑的”。故选B项。24．考查名词

词义辨析。句意：这个女人看起来不像是职业罪犯。A.skill技能；B.look样子；C.instruction指令；D.interest兴趣。根据下文“Shewasobviously___5___,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.”

可知，这个被抓的女子满脸泪水，语境表示从外表看，这个犯罪嫌疑人不像职业的小偷。故选B项。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她显然很害怕，两颊都被泪水打湿了。A.scared害怕的；B.devoted投入的；C.confused困惑的；D.disturbed不安的。根据“Shewasobviousl

y___5___,andhercheekswerewetwithtears.”可知，被抓女子泪流满面，而且看起来并不像职业小偷，所以她感到害怕。故选A项。26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到的都是装着食物的容器。A.samples样本；B.recei

pts收条；C.containers容器；D.labels标签。根据下文““I’mhungry,”she___7___quietly.”可知，这个小偷是因为饥饿才去偷窃，因此这里说她偷的是一盒盒食品。故选C项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我饿了，”她平静地解

释道。A.challenged挑战；B.explained解释；C.recommended推荐；D.calculated计算。女士因为饥饿才去超市偷食品，被抓后很平静地解释（explain）自己的行为。故选B项。28．考查

动词词义辨析。句意：她被当场抓住，毫无疑问，她以为自己会因挨饿受穷的罪而被送进监狱。A.threatened威胁；B.determined决定；C.wanted想要；D.expected预期。被抓的女士预料（expected）到自己会被如何处理。故

选D项。29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我们会为她的食物买单，”Sojo告诉吃惊的保安。A.clearup打扫；B.storeup贮存；C.payfor付款；D.askfor请求。根据下文“Itwentunsaid.___13___,theypickedupthewoman’sbagand___1

4___hertoacashregister,whereeachchippedin$10topaythetab.”可知，这三个警察说他们为这个女士偷窃的食物买单。故选C项。30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们会为她的食物买单，”Sojo告诉

吃惊的保安。A.convinced信服的；B.prepared准备好的；C.worried担心的；D.surprised惊讶的。听到警察要为这个偷窃女子买单，这个抓住小偷的保安很惊讶（surprised）。故选D项。

31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个人没有商量，不需要看他们是否都在。A.report报告；B.discussion商量；C.conversation谈话；D.comment评论。根据下文“Itwen

tunsaid.”可知，三个警察没有讨论（discussion），却做出了一致决定。故选B项。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这三个人没有商量，不需要看他们是否都在。A.need需要；B.way路；C.opportunity机会；D.escape逃跑。这里说的是他们

没有必要（noneed）看看其他同伴是否都会参与其中。故选A项。33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们拿起这位女士的包，陪她到收银机旁，每人出10美元付帐。A.Additionally另外；B.Still仍然；C.Instead相反；D.Therefore因此。根据上

文“Buttheofficershadotherideas.”可知，这里用副词Instead表示另外一种选择，“相反”。故选C项。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们拿起这位女士的包，陪她到收银机旁，每人出10美元付帐。A.sent发送；B.re

stricted约束；C.drove开车；D.accompanied陪伴。这里表示三位警察陪着（accompanied）女士来到收银台。故选D项。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她今天不会被逮捕。A.arrested逮捕；B.developed发展；C.replaced替代；

D.presented提出。三位警察帮这个女士付钱买了她偷的食物，这样一来她就不会被逮捕（arrest）了。故选A项。36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个女人所能做的只是默默地哭泣，感激不尽。A.weep

哭泣；B.blame责备；C.blessing祝福；D.arrangement安排。根据下文“Coveringherfacewithahandkerchiefand___17___hertears,sherepeated,“Thankyou.””可知，女人被

警察的善举感动到哭泣。故选A项。37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她用手帕捂住脸，擦干眼泪，重复道：“谢谢。”A.welling涌出；B.clearing清洁；C.drying擦干；D.fencing束缚。这里表示女士拿着手帕擦干自己的泪水。故选C项。38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该商店的一名男子

在推特上发布了一张他目睹的照片。A.spread传播；B.witnessed目击；C.laid放置；D.sponsored提倡。这里表示路人把他所看到的这幕情景拍摄并且发布到推特上。故选B项。39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，警察们从来都不想引起注意。A.attent

ion注意；B.reward回报；C.connection联系；D.observation观察。根据上文“Amanatthestorepostedaphotoofwhathe’d___18___onTwitter.”可知，被人关注（attention）不

是警察他们所追求的。故选A项。40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如Sojo所回应的，“当你看到有人需要你，而且他们真的很饿的时候，很难离开这样的事情。”A.essential必要的；B.imaginary想象的；C

.fantastic极好的；D.difficult困难的。当看到有人需要自己的帮助时，像这样的情景，Sojo认为很难扭头走开。故选D项。第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）【答案】41．from42．a43．Unfortunately44．confidence45．shutt

ing46．argument47．moments48．hadnoticed49．hers50．who【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了在作者九岁的时候突然变得抑郁消沉，并且极度的忧虑不仅摧毁了作者的自信，而且最后竟使得作者拒绝上课，这使得父母和老师都对作者糟糕的表

现感到惊讶。最后是校长耐心地倾听与拥抱化解了作者的抑郁。41．考查介词。句意：九岁的时候，我开始患上抑郁症。sufferfrom“患……病”，故填from。42．考查不定冠词。此处用来修饰单数名词child，表示泛指“一个好孩子”，应使用不定冠词a，故填a。4

3．考查副词。句意：不幸的是，结果并不是那样。此处用来修饰后面的句子，应使用副词形式，根据下文Ididn’thavefriends.HardlycouldIsharemyproblems.可知，此处表达的是不好的结果，故填Unfo

rtunately。44．考查名词。根据空前my可知，此处用名词，指的是“我的自信”，应使用名词confidence，故填confidence。45．考查现在分词。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是refused，shut用非谓语动词

形式，作状语，句子主语和shut之间是主动关系，应使用现在分词作状语，故填shutting。46．考查名词。根据空前an可知，此处指“一次争吵”，应使用名词单数形式。故填argument。47．考查名词的单复数。根据空前oneof可知，此处指的是“许多最珍贵的时刻（之一）”，故用复数名词momen

ts。48．考查时态。此处是谓语动词，表示在主句谓语动词之前发生的事情，她said之前，就已经注意到我的变化了，所以用过去完成时态，故填hadnotice。49．考查名词性物主代词。此处用在介词in之后作宾语，指代的是上文提到的“校长

的（手）”即“她的（手）”，应使用名词性物主代词hers，故填hers。50．考查定语从句。本句为非限定性的定语从句，先行词是theheadmaster（指人），在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who，故填who。

第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）【答案】1.celebrated→celebrate2.删除（第一句中第二个）and3.After→Before4.how→what5.stay→stayi

ng6.farm前面the7.were→was8.Particular→Particularly9.boring→bored10.unless→until【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者和同学假期帮助农民采摘苹果的故事。1考查动词不定式。

句意：为了庆祝国庆节和中秋节，我们有一个8天的假期。inorderto意为“为了；以便”，其中to为不定式符号，动词不定式的结构为to+动词原形。故将celebrated改为celebrate。2.考查连词。句意：同1题。因为Inordertocelebrate

dNationalDayandtheMid-AutumnFestival为目的状语，句子主语we前面不能用连词and连接，故删掉and。3.考查时间状语。句意：在此之前，我和我的同学正在兴奋地讨论假期该做什么。

句中it指上文“holiday”，在假期之前，讨论假期计划，合乎逻辑，假期之后，不合逻辑。故将After改为Before。4.考查疑问词+动词不定式。句意：同3题。句中，疑问词+动词不定式作介词about的宾语，不定式todo的逻辑宾语应该用疑问代词what，符合

句意，疑问副词how，表示方式、方法，不可作宾语。故将how改为what。5.考查非谓语动词动名词。句意：然后我们决定去帮助农民，而不是呆在家里。介词（instead）of需要接名词或动名词作宾语。故将stay改为staying。6.考查冠词。句意：我们一到农场，就被挂在树

枝上的苹果吸引住了。此处名词farm“农场”为特指概念，是特定的事物，故在farm前加the。7.考查主谓一致。句意：我们迫不及待地去摘苹果，这是最有趣的工作。分析句子可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，从句中whic

h替代前面“摘苹果”这件事，谓语动词用单数，故将were改为was。8.考查副词。句意：特别是，我们被允许选择我们最喜欢的并品尝它们。副词用来修饰整句，故将Particular改为Particularl

y。9.考查形容词。句意：尽管工作很累，我们一点也不觉得厌烦。一般来讲，以-ing结尾的形容词修饰物，以-ed结尾的形容词修饰人，这里修饰“我们”，故将boring→bored。10.考查连词。句意：我们愉快地工作了5个小时，直到太阳落山。连词u

ntil意为“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，unless意为“除非”，引导让步状语从句，根据句意，本句中用until合乎逻辑。故将unless改为until。第二节书面表达（满分25分）【答案】DearDavid,I’mreallygladtoh

earfromyou.I’mveryhappytoknowthatyoutakegreatinterestintheautumnsportsmeetinginourschool.Thesportsmeetingwa

sheldinourschoolbeforeNationalDay,aimedattoenrichthestudents’schoollife.Therewerevariouskindsofeventsf

orustochoose,whichincluderunning,long-jumpingandbasketball.Mostimportantly,allstudentsandteachershavetheaccesst

othegame,aslongasyouareinhealthycondition.Asisknowntousall,doingsportsdoessogreatbenefitstoourhealththatwes

houldkeepexercisingeveryday.Sportsgameisagoodopportunitytoshowourselves.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给David写封信，告诉他学校

刚举行的运动会的一些情况。第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般过去时。结构：总分法要求：1.时间及项目；2.师生参与情况；3.你的感受。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）hearfrom;takegreatinterestin;a

imat;choose;beinhealthycondition;dogreatbenefitsto;opportunity第三步：连词成句1.I’mreallygladtohearfromyou.2.I’mveryhappytoknow

thatyoutakegreatinterestintheautumnsportsmeetinginourschool.3.Thesportsmeetingwasheldinourschoolbefore

NationalDay,aimedattoenrichthestudents’schoollife.4.Therewerevariouskindsofeventsforustochoose,whichincluderunning,long-jumpingandbasketball.5.Mos

timportantly,allstudentsandteachershavetheaccesstothegame,aslongasyouareinhealthycondition.6.Asisknowntousall,doingsp

ortsdoessogreatbenefitstoourhealththatweshouldkeepexercisingeveryday.7.Sportsgameisagoodopportunitytoshowourselves.根

据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second（供参考）2.表并列补充关系：Whatismore,Besi

des,Moreover（供参考）3.表转折对比关系：However,Onthecontrary,but（供参考）4.表因果关系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult（供参考）连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡

，书写一定要规范清晰。