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课时作业(二)Unit1SectionⅡGrammarandusage&IntegratedskillsⅠ.阅读理解AWhenpeoplepausebeforereplyingtoaquestion,evenforjustafewseconds,the

iranswersaresupposedtobelesssincereandbelievablethaniftheyreplyimmediately.Andthelongerthehesitationlasts,thelesssinceretheresponseappears.

Researchersconductedaseriesofexperimentsinvolvingmorethan7，500individuals.Participantseitherlistenedtoanaudiorecord,vieweda

videoorreadanaccountofapersonrespondingtoasimplequestion.Ineachcase,theresponsetimevariedfromanimmediaterespons

etoa10­seconddelay.Participantsthenratedthesincerityoftheresponseonaslidingscale.Acrossall14experiments,participantsconsi

stentlyrateddelayedresponseslesssincereregardlessofthequestion.Thefindingshavewideconnotations.Wheneverpeopleareinteracting,theyarejudgingea

chother'ssincerity.Theseresultscanbeappliedtoawiderangeofinteractions,goingfromworkplacechatstoargumentsofcouples

andfriends.Further,injobinterviewsandincourthearingsandtrials,peopleareoftentaskedwithjudgementsofsi

ncerity.Andresponsespeedcouldplayaparttoo.Ingeneral,wheneverthereisaresponsethatrequiresananswer,suchasinaj

obinterview,delayedresponsescanbethoughtaslesssincere.Itwouldbeunfairfortheresponder,suchasacrimesuspect,iftheresponsedelaywassortedby

mistakeintothoughtcontroloranswermaking­upwhenitwasinfactcausedbyadifferentfactor,suchassimplybeingdistractedorthoughtful.Theexperimentals

ofoundthatdefinitelyinstructingparticipantstoignoredelayedresponsereduced,butdidnotcompletelyremovetheeffectofdelayedresponseonjudgem

entofsincerityorguilt.Nevertheless,onthewhole,afastresponseseemstoberegardedasmoresincere,whilearesponsetha

tisdelayedforevenacoupleofsecondsmaybeconsideredaslowlie.1．Whatdoesthereliabilityofanswerslieinaccordingtothestudy?A．Theresponsetime.B．Thecontentsofa

nswers.C．Thetoneofspeakers.D．Thedifficultyofquestions.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“connotations”inParagraph3probablymean?

A．Choices.B．Responsibilities.C．Meanings.D．Possibilities.3．Whateffectsdoesthestudyresulthaveonourlife?A．Itisatesttojudgehonesty.B．Itcanpr

eventalotofcrimes.C．Itimprovesskillsinaskingquestions.D．Itpromotestheharmonybetweenpeople.4．Whatcanweinferfromthelastpa

ragraph?A．Delayedanswersarelies.B．Itisunfairtorequirealltoanswerslowly.C．Delayedanswerscanleadtomisjud

gement.D．Delayedresponseshouldbeignoredcompletely.BBornonMay27，1907inSpringdale,Pennsylvania,RachelCarsonbecameanavidexploreraswellasreader,andtook

aninterestinwritingstories.Bytheageof10,shehadpublishedherfirststoryinSt.Nicholas.Shewouldoftenreadthismagazine,aswellasmanyothersth

atconcernedwiththenaturalworld.In1925,shefinishedhighschoolatthetopofherclass—aclassof45students.Carsonwentontoatt

endthePennsylvaniaCollegeforWomen,whichisknownasChathamUniversitynow.Thisiswheresheendeduppursuingthes

ciences,moreprecisely,biology.SheeventuallyattendedJohnsHopkinsUniversityin1929,continuingherstudiesinzo

ologyandgenetics.Carsoncompletedhermaster'sdegreeinzoologyinJuneof1932,andwenttoworkatalocalradiostation.Hereshewrotee

ducationalbroadcastsforaweeklyradioshowcalledRomanceUndertheWaters.ThisledhertoherjobattheU．S.BureauofFisheries,andshebecamejustthesecondwomant

obeemployedbythebureau.In1951,CarsonhadherbookTheSeaAroundUspublished,whichexplainsthecomplexityoftheoceantonon­scientists.Carsonwrotethebookwithp

oetryandscience,andsheintendedtosparkherreadersasenseofthefragilityoftheworld'secosystem.TheSeaAroundUsmadeCarsonth

evoiceofpublicscienceinAmerica,aninternationallyrecognizedauthorityontheoceans,andestablishedherreputationasanaturewriterofthefirstrank.I

n1962,Carsonbecamewell­knownwhenhermostfamousbookSilentSpringwaspublished.Thisbookdescribedthenegativeeffectsofpesticidesontheenv

ironment.Herconcernoverpesticidesdatesbacktothe1940s,butnoonewouldtakeitseriouslyuntilthisbookwasfin

allypublished.OnApril14th,1964,Carsonpassedawayduetoaheartattackbutherworkonpreservingtheenvironmenthascontinuedt

othisday.SilentSpringwasevenrepublishedin1994withanintroductionfromthenvice­presidentAlGore.5．WhatdoweknowaboutCa

rson'searlylife?A．ShewasabigfanofSt.Nicholas.B．Sheworkedpart­timeataradiostation.C．Shepursuedthesciencesinhigh

school.D．ShemovedtoSpringdaleattheageof10.6．Accordingtothetext,TheSeaAroundUs________．A．isasciencebook

forprofessionalsB．waspublishedafterCarsonpassedawayC．aimedtoraisepublicenvironmentalawarenessD．hasmadeCarsonafiction

writerofinternationalsignificance7．WhatmightbeAlGore'sattitudetowardsSilentSpring?A．Critical.B．Ambiguous.C．Sceptical.D

．Approving.8．WhichwordscanbestdescribeCarson?A．Talentedandresponsible.B．Independentbutserious.C．Reliableandcourage

ous.D．Determinedbutproud.Ⅱ.七选五Atsomepointinthenearfuture,self­drivingcarsmaybecomecommonontheroad.Self­drivingcarshavealreadybeentest­driven,

buttheyarenotyetavailabletothepublic.Self­drivingcarshavealreadybeentest­driventhousandsofmiles.__1__Pa

ssengerscoulddothingssuchaseatingorreadingontheway.Bestofall,theself­drivingcarsthatweretestedexperiencedfeweraccidentsthanavera

gehumandrivers.__2__Thereareissuesthatmustbesolvedbeforeself­drivingcarscanbemadeavailabletothepublic.Oneproblemisthatacar

cannotpredictproblemsfardowntheroadlikeadrivercan.__3__Forexample,adrivercanseethatachildisridingherskateboarddirectlyacro

sstheroad0.3kmawayandstarttoslowdown.Aself­drivingcarcanreactonlyoncethechildisinitsimmediatepath.__4__Theymaybecomeconfusedbyfog,heavyra

in,orroadsprayfromanothervehicle'swheels.Theydon'tpredictor“feel”thattheroadshavebecomeicylikeanexperienceddrive

rwould.Forinstance,whenaroadisicy,ahumandriverwouldsteponthebrakes(刹车)moregentlythanwhentheroadsarecleananddry.Anotherissueis

thatself­drivingcarshavemapsprogrammedintotheirmemory,butthesemapsaren'talwaysupdatedandaccurate.__5__Becaus

eofthis,thereisnopromisethataself­drivingcarcangetapassengertohisorherdestination.Perhapsoneday,self­drivingcarswillbeeverywhere.Howev

er,wearenotreadyforthatjustyet.A．Self­drivingcarshavedisadvantages.B．Thesecarshadonlypassengers,nodriver

s.C．Thesafetyproblemshavealreadybeenaddressed.D．Newroadsarebuilt,andoldroadsarecloseddown.E．Sowhyaren'tself­drivingcarscommononthero

adtoday?F．Self­drivingcarscanreacttothingsonlyoncetheyactuallyoccur.G．Self­drivingvehiclesalsohavedifficultyadjustingtoweatherconditions.