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《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》专题06阅读理解D篇(二次开发+微技能+名校模拟拟)解析版变式方向：词形转换;高考考点;熟词新意;说明文选标题技巧;儿童教育话题阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与社会,幼儿社交能力,

家长培养幼儿同理心,家庭教育,情绪控制Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼儿期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiesshowthattheearlierkidsle

arntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors

,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation.Evenso,howquicklyyourchilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperame

nt(性格).Sometoddlersareverysocial,butothersareshy.Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenism

arkedlydifferentfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthata

toddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.Thisseeminglyunusualwayofdemonstratingfondnesscan

resultinunpleasantbehavior.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,andgetbossy.Butexpertssaytha

tthisisanormalandnecessarypartoffriendshipforkidsthisage.Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit'ssoimportanttotakeanactivero

leinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwhattheyare.Whenyouestablishthese

guidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What'smakinghimsosad?”),thensuggesthowheco

uldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”).Whenyourchildsharesorshowsempathy(同理心)t

owardafriend,praisehim(“Benstoppedcrying!Youmadehimfeelbetter.”).Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkidstousewords-notfi

sts-toexpresshowtheyfeel.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulofhowyourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhenthey’resleepyorhungry,

soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’rerefreshed.32.Whatdoesitindicatewhentoddlerscopytheirplaymates’behavior?A.Theyareinte

restedinacting.B.Theyareshywiththestrangers.C.Theyarefondoftheirplaymates.D.Theyaretiredofplayinggames.33.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdofortheirki

ds?A.Designgamesforthem.B.Findthemsuitableplaymates.C.Playtogetherwiththem.原题呈现D.Helpthemunderstandsocialrules.34.Whatisthefunctionofthequotedstat

ementsinparagraph4?A.Givingexamples.B.Explainingconcepts.C.Providingevidence.D.Makingcomparisons.35.Whichofthefollo

wingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowChildrenAdapttoChangesB.HowtoBeaRoleModelforChildrenC.HowYourBabyLearnstoLoveD.Howt

oCommunicatewithYourKid【答案】32.C33.D34.A35.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了幼儿时期友谊对儿童社交能力发展的重要性，并探讨了幼儿表达友谊的方式和可能出现的问题。同时，文章还提供了一些建议和方法，帮助家长在幼儿社交互动中发挥积极作用，培养他们的同

情心和表达能力，学会发展友谊。32.细节理解题。根据第二段“Inaddition,thewaythattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenismarkedlydifferen

tfromwhatadultsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”

duringplayislikelytocomeintheformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.(此外，蹒跚学步的孩子表现出他们喜欢其他孩子的方式与成年人认为的友谊表达方式明显不同。哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个

蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为)”可知，蹒跚学步的孩子模仿朋友的行为说明他们喜欢玩伴，故选C项。33.细节理解题。根据第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlersl

earnsocialrules.That’swhyit’ssoimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofwh

attheyare.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehindthem(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社交规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因，当您制定这些指导

方针时，请解释其背后的原因)”可知，作者建议家长在孩子的社交生活中设定限制，并且经常提醒孩子们这些限制，也就是社交规则，帮助孩子理解社交规则，故选D项。34.推理判断题。根据第四段“Beginbyhelpi

ngyourchildlearnsympathy(“Beniscrying.What’smakinghimsosad?”)(首先帮助孩子学会同情（(本在哭。是什么让他这么伤心?”）)”以及“thensuggesth

owhecouldresolvetheproblem(“Maybehewouldfeelbetterifyoulethimplaytheball.”)(然后建议他如何解决这个问题(“如果你让他打球，也许他会感觉好些。”))”可知，这些引

用是通过举例说明这两个建议：帮助孩子学会同情并解决问题，故选A项。35.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Forlotsofkids,toddlerhood(幼儿期)isanimportanttimeforfriendship.Studiess

howthattheearlierkidslearntoformpositiverelationships,thebetter答案解析theyareatrelatingtoothersasteenagersandadults.Playingtogetheralsoh

elpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,andcooperation(对很多孩子来说，蹒跚学步是建立友谊的重要时刻。研究表明，孩子们越早学会建立积极

的关系，他们在青少年和成年人时期就越善于与他人建立联系。一起玩耍也有助于这些孩子练习社交行为，如友善、分享和合作)”、第三段“Throughplayexperiences,toddlerslearnsocialrules.That’swhyit’s

soimportanttotakeanactiveroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsandofferingfrequentremindersofw

hattheyare(通过游戏体验，幼儿学习社会规则。这就是在你蹒跚学步的孩子的社交活动中，通过设定限制和经常提醒它们是什么，来发挥积极作用是如此重要的原因)”以及最后一段“Anotherwaytoencouragehealthysocialinteractionisbyenc

ouragingkidstousewords-notfists-toexpresshowtheyfeel.(另一种鼓励健康社交的方法是鼓励孩子用语言而不是拳头来表达他们的感受。)”可知，本文主要讲的是家长如何帮助孩子学会爱，学会发展友谊，故选C项。一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）1.

positivea.乐观的；积极的2.teenagern.青少年，十几岁的孩子3.behaviorn.行为，举止4.cooperationn.合作，协作5.creaturen.生物，动物，人6.demonstratevt.证明；

示范7.markedlyad.显著地，明显地8.expressionn.表达；表情9.copyvt.抄写；模仿；作弊10.seeminglyad.貌似，看似11.unusuala.不寻常的，罕见的12.fo

ndnessn.爱好；喜爱13.unpleasanta.令人不快的，不舒服的14.normala.正常的，标准的15.playmaten.玩伴；游伴16.grabvt.攫取，抓住17.bossya.好指挥人的，专横的18.encountern.偶遇，邂逅19.freq

uenta.频繁的，经常性的20.remindern.提醒物，引起回忆的事物21.establishvt.建立；证实，确定22.guidelinen.指导方针，准则23.sympathyn.同情心，理解24.resolvevt.解决（问题）；下

定决心25.mindfula.留心的；记住的26.personalityn.性格；魅力27.sleepya.困倦的，想睡的28.refresheda.清爽的，恢复精神的29.indicatevt.标示；象征30.functionn.功能；典礼；函数31.quo

tevt引用，引述；举例说明32.comparisonn.比较，对照33.evidencen.证据，证词34.conceptn.概念，观念二、高频词块（酌情删减）1.relateto与……有关；理解2.i

naddition此外，另外3.intheformof以…的形式4.resultin导致5.Regardlessof不管，不顾6.takeanactiverolein积极参与7.bemindfulof留意，谨慎处理8.befondof喜欢9.betiredof对……感到疲倦10.ad

aptto适应考点变式训练11.rolemodel行为榜样12.communicatewith和某人交流三、单句填空（核心考点习题化）1.Studiesshowthatthe__________(early)kid

slearntoformpositiverelationships,thebettertheyareatrelating__________othersasteenagersandadults.2._______

___(play)togetheralsohelpsthesekidspracticesocialbehaviors,suchaskindness,sharing,and__________(cooperate).3.How__________(quick)yourch

ilddevelopsintoasocialcreaturemayalsodependonhistemperament(性格).4.Sometoddlersarevery__________(society),butothersareshy.5.In______

____(add),theway__________thattoddlersdemonstratethattheylikeotherchildrenisdifferentfrom__________whatadu

ltsthinkofasexpressionsoffriendship.6.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfoundthatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyo

u”duringplayislikely__________(come)in__________formofcopyingafriend’sbehavior.7.This__________(seeming)unusualwayofdemonstrat

ingfondnesscanresult__________unpleasantbehavior.8.Regardlessofhowmuchtheylikeaplaymate,theymaystillgrabhistoys,refusetoshare,_______

___getbossy.9.Butexpertssaythatthisisanormalandnecessarypartof__________(friend)forkidsthisage.10.That’swhyit'ssoimportant__________(take)an

activeroleinyourtoddler’ssocialencountersbysettinglimitsand__________(offer)frequentremindersofwhattheya

re.11.Whenyouestablishtheseguidelines,explainthereasonsbehind__________(they).12.Beginbyhelpingyourchildlearnsympathy,thensuggest_____

_____hecouldresolvetheproblem.13.Anotherway__________(encourage)healthysocialinteractionisbyencouragingkids__________(use)words.

14.It'salsoimportanttobemindfulof__________yourchild'spersonalityaffectsplaytime.15.Kidsareeasytogetangrywhe

nthey’resleepyorhungry,soscheduleplaytimewhenthey’re__________(refresh).【参考答案】1.earlier;to2.Playing;cooperation3.quickly4.social5.additi

on;that6.tocome,the7.seemingly,in8.and9.friendship10.totake,offering11.them12.how13.toencourage,touse14.how15.refreshed四、熟

词新意(develop用法)1.Thecompanydevelopsandmarketsnewsoftware.2.Hersondevelopedasthmawhenhewastwo.3.ThesiteisbeingdevelopedbyaFrenchcompany.4.Shed

evelopsthethememorefullyinherlaterbooks.5.Ihadthefilmdevelopedyesterday.【参考答案】1.vt.开发；研制2.vt.患（病）；出现（问题）3.vt

.修建；开发4.vt.冲洗（胶片）五、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）1.ResearchatOhioStateUniversityinColumbusfound[thatatoddler’swayofsaying“Ilikeyou”duringplayislikelytocomeinth

eformofcopyingafriend’sbehavior].【翻译】哥伦布俄亥俄州立大学的研究发现，一个蹒跚学步的孩子在玩耍时说“我喜欢你”的方式很可能是模仿朋友的行为。【分析】found后边that引导宾语从句；intheformofcopyinga

friend’sbehavior是介词短语作状语。2.Thedifferences[inconversationalstyles]becameevident[whenparticipantslistenedtoa

udioclips][inwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic],Hiltonsaid.【翻译】希尔顿说，当参与者听音频片段时，对话风格的差异变得明显，在音频片段中，两个人同

时说话，但彼此意见一致，并保持话题不变。【分析】介词短语inconversationalstyles作状语；when…引导时间状语从句:inwhich…引导定语从句修饰先行词audioclips。Weallknowthatunpleasantfeel

ingwhenwe’retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughoursentencewe’reinterrupted.Butwasthatrea

llyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.Usi

ngasetofcontrolledaudioclips(录音片段),Hiltonsurveyed5,000AmericanEnglishspeakerstobetterunderstandwhataffectspeople’sperce

ptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemed

tobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedi

fferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinctgroups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewith

momentsofsilenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfindit

rudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipa

ntslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.

Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlier

thantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamounto

fsimultaneous(同时)chatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.2023年四省联考“Peoplecareaboutbei

nginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionme

ansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”32.WhatdoesHilton’sresearchfocuson?A.Whatinterruptionsmeantopeople

.B.Whetherinterruptionisgoodornot.C.Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.DWhyspeakersinterrupteachother.33.Whatdoparticipantsofthestud

yneedtodo?A.Recordanaudioclip.B.Answersomequestions.C.Listentooneanother.D.Haveachatwithafriend.34.Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinko

fsimultaneouschat?A.It’simportant.B.It’sinteresting.C.It’sinefficient.D.It’simpolite.35.Whatcanwelearnf

romHilton’sresearch?A.Humaninteractioniscomplex.B.Communicationisthebasisoflife.C.Interruptionspromotethink

ing.D.Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.【答案】32.A33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，在谈话中被打断是否会带来不愉快，因人而异。32.主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Butwasthatreallyaninte

rruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.(但这

真的是打扰吗？根据斯坦福大学凯瑟琳·希尔顿领导的一项新研究，答案取决于你问谁)”和第四段第二、三句“Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespok

eatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeak

ingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardl

essofwhatthespeakersweresaying.(高强度组报告说，人们在表达同意的同时说话的对话不会被打断，而是比在说话之间保持沉默的对话更投入、更友好。相比之下，低强度组认为任何数量的同时聊天都是粗鲁的打断，不

管说话人在说什么)”可知，文章主要说明了“打断”对不同的人来说，意义不同，即“打断”对人们意味着什么。故选A项。33.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsa

ndthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrup

t.(她让参与者听一些音频片段，然后回答一些问题，比如答案解析说话者看起来是否友好、投入、彼此倾听，还是试图打断)”可知，参与者们需要在听完音频后回答一些问题。故选B项。34.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatth

esametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.(低强度说话者觉得同时说话很不礼貌，他们更喜欢人们在谈话中一个接一个地说话)”可推知，对于低强度聊天者来说，同时聊天是粗鲁的，不礼貌的。故选D项。35

.推理判断题。根据最后一段““Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapart

whataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”(“人们很在意被打断，而这些小的干扰会对整体交流产生巨大影响，”希尔顿说。“如果我们想了

解人类之间是如何互动的，就必须分解中断的含义。”)”可推知，人类的交流是复杂的。故选A项。说明文如何选标题一、说明文标题三大特点1.概括性：语言高度凝练而形式简短2.针对性：标题外延与文章内容相符3.醒目性：能够激发读者的阅读欲望二、说明文选标题

三大方法1.主题段法标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。2.主题句法解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始

终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。2.关键词法任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住

了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。三、说明文选标题三大策略1.正面肯定法在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。2.反面否定法撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。3.排除干扰法研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词

的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。解题指导四、说明文标题错误三大特征1.范围太宽泛选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。2.范围太具体选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。3.范围太偏颇选项内容过于偏颇

，明显偏离文章主旨。五、说明文选标题三大关注点1.文章结构“倒三角形▼”结构特点，首段最重要，越往后重要性越低。因此结合写作对象看首段和尾段，以首段为主是选好说明文类阅读理解题的基本功。2.选项规律说明文选标题四个选项多采用二元法，两个比较接近正确答案甚至相反，干扰性强，

两个往往和主题关联性较弱，容易排除。3.做后反思实践证明说明文最后一题往往是压轴题也是高频错题，因此保持做后反思是提高选标题能力的必然途径。考例（2024年1月浙江首考卷）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallycon

ductedbypsychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,

wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follo

w-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultsweface

aversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtab

lets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedb

ysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatref

lectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreduci

ngthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusst

ruggletoresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformatio

n.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinformation-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlych

angedourinformationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcaloricconsumpti

on,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageo

urtimemosteffectively.32.WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A.Takeanexaminationalone.B.Showrespectforthere

searchers.C.Sharetheirtreatswithothers.D.Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.33.Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween______

_.A.thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB.theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC.therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrainsD.

thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit34.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A.Absorbnewinformationreadily.B.Beselectiveinformat

ionconsumers.C.Usediverseinformationsources.D.Protecttheinformationenvironment.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.EatLess,R

eadMoreB.TheBitterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC.TheLater,theBetterD.TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面

对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,th

eywouldbegivenasecondtreat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。33.细节理解题。根据第三

段最后一句“Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westil

lhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptingfoodstha

tweknowweshouldn’teat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知

，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。答案解析34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourcalori

cconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”in

ordertomanageourtimemosteffectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。35.主旨大意题。根据

第二段“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—allthede

vicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑

我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我

们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。1（2029年全国I卷）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.I

wasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmoki

ngcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocial

psychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandth

estatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whenta

ppedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebeh

avior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,a

swellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexamine

dthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudents

urveys(调查研究).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighin

status.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."

Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakey

oubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.历年真题速递Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanothe

rconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportuni

tiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage”hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyear

sofelementaryschool?A.Unkind.B.Lonely.C.Generous.D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationof

thepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sst

udyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedt

hehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice--YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBeerC.Be

theBest--YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。32

.推理判断题。根据第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstat

us.可知，在美好的小学时光里，作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话，由此推断出，作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。A.Unkind不友善的；B.Lonely寂寞的；C.Generous慷慨的；D.Cool冷静的。故选C。33.主旨大意题。第二段MitchPrinstein,aprofes

sorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（临床心理学教授MitchPrin

stein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对thelikable和thestatusseekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。34.推理判断题。根据第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabil

itycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清楚地表明，讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整）推断出，心理学教授MitchPrinstein的研究表明，讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。35.主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段，可知这篇文

章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响，讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。与选项A“友善一点——你将不会排在最后（你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后）”一致，故选A。1（2023上·湖南衡阳一中联考期中）Whycan’tyour

ememberbeingababy?WillthattriptoDreamworldbewastedonyourtoddler(学步的幼儿)?Scientistsexplainhowthebrainchang

esfrominfancy(婴儿期)throughtoearlychildhood,andwhatthismeansforyourchild’smemories.Whilesomepeoplecanremembermemor

iesfromasearlyasagetwo,asadultsmostofusrarelyrememberthingsthathappentousbeforetheageofthree,duetoaphenomeno

ncalled名校好题模拟“infantileamnesia(婴儿健忘症)”.Generally,wetendtohavevague(模糊的)memoriesofeventsthatoccurbetweentheag

esofthreeandseven.Sowhyisitthatwecan’trememberbeingababy,oratoddler?Theanswerliesinthewaythatourbrain’sab

ilitytostorememorieschangesaswegrow.Atbirth,ababy’sbrainisonlyaquarterofitsadultsize,growingtothree-quartersthes

izeofanadultbrainbyagetwo.Thisincreasecorrelateswithagrowthinthenumberofbraincells—calledneurons(神经元)一andtheconnectionsbetweenthes

ecells.Apartofthebrainthatisimportantinformingmemoriesisthehippocampus(海马体),saysDrDhanishaJhaveri,aresearcherattheQueenslandBrai

nInstituteatTheUniversityofQueensland.“Inthehippocampus,newneuronsareconstantlybeingcreated.Inadulthood,newcellsarestillbeingprodu

ced,buttherateofproductioninthehippocampusslowsdown,”saysDrJhaveri.Neuroscientistsbelievethattherapidrat

eatwhichbraincellsarebeingproducedinchildhoodcouldbethecauseofinfantileamnesia.Becausesomanynewneuronsarebeingproducedandformc

onnectionswitheachotherinmemorycircuits(记忆电路),theymightdisturbexistingnetworksofmemoriesthathavealreadyformed.Butitturnsoutthatachild’sabi

litytorememberthingsforlongperiodsoftimeimprovesgraduallythroughoutchildhood.Forexample,instudiesinwhichyoungkidsweret

aughttoimitateanaction,six-month-oldscouldrememberwhattodofor24(butnot48)hours,whilenine-month-oldscouldrememberwhattodoonemonth(butnotthreemonths)la

ter.Despitethismemoryloss,childhoodexperienceshavebeenfoundtoinfluenceadultbehaviouryearslater,whichsug

geststhattracesofthesememoriescouldbestoredsomewhereinthebrainthatisn’teasytoaccess.Sowhileyourkidsmightnotrecalltheirmajormileston

esorbetooyoungtorememberatriptoDisneyland,positiveexperiencesastoddlersorininfancymaycontinuetoaffecttheirbehaviourlongafterthey’v

eforgottenthem.1．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3?A．Ourbrain’sabilitytostorememoriesremainsunchangedaswegrow

.B．Thesizeofthechild’sbrainbyagetwoistwicethesizeatbirth.C．Thegrowthinthenumberofneuronswillinfluencethesizeofthechild’sbrain.D．Neur

onshavenothingtodowithaperson’smemory.2．Whatisthecauseofinfantileamnesiaaccordingtotheneuroscientists?A．Therapidrateofbraincells

beingproduced.B．Theexistingnetworksofmemories.C．Thewayofourbrainstoringmemories.D．Thememorycircuitsofourbrain.

3．Whatisparagraph6mainlyabout?A．Childhoodexperienceswillinfluenceadultbehaviouryearslater.B．Tracesofthesememoriescouldbestored

somewhereinthebrain.C．Achild’sabilitytorememberthingsimprovesgraduallyovertime.D．Theyoungerababyis,thebetteritsmemoryis.4．Whatis

theauthor’sattitudetowardstheinfluenceofchildhoodexperiencesonadultbehaviouryearslater?A．Subjective.B．Objective.

C．Pessimistic.D．Uncaring.【答案】1．C2．A3．C4．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们不记得自己婴儿时期的原因、大脑从婴儿期到儿童早期的变化，以及这对孩子的记忆意味着什么。【详解】1.推

理判断题。由第三段的最后一句“Atbirth,ababy’sbrainisonlyaquarterofitsadultsize,growingtothree-quartersthesizeofanadultbrainbyagetwo.Thisi

ncreasecorrelateswithagrowthinthenumberofbraincells—calledneurons(神经元)一andtheconnectionsbetweenthesecells.(出生时，婴儿的大脑只有成人的四分之一，到两岁时，大脑的大小会

增长到成人的四分之三。这种增加与脑细胞(称为神经元)数量的增长以及这些细胞之间的连接有关。)”可知，神经元数量的增长会影响孩子大脑的大小。故选C。2.细节理解题。由第五段的第一句“Neuroscientistsbelievethattherapidrateatwhichbraincel

lsarebeingproducedinchildhoodcouldbethecauseofinfantileamnesia.(神经科学家认为，儿童时期脑细胞的快速生成可能是导致婴儿健忘症的原因。)”可知，神经科学家认为,儿童

时期脑细胞的快速产生可能是婴儿健忘症的原因。故选A。3.主旨大意题。由第六段第一句“Butitturnsoutthatachild’sabilitytorememberthingsforlongperiodsoftimeimpr

ovesgraduallythroughoutchildhood.(但事实证明，孩子长时间记忆事物的能力在整个童年时期逐渐提高。)”可知，一个孩子的长时间记忆事物的能力会在整个童年时期逐渐提高。故选C。4.推理判断题。由第七段“Despit

ethismemoryloss,childhoodexperienceshavebeenfoundtoinfluenceadultbehaviouryearslater,whichsuggeststhattracesofthesememorie

scouldbestoredsomewhereinthebrainthatisn’teasytoaccess.(尽管记忆力会丧失，但研究发现，童年经历会影响多年后成人的行为，这表明，这些记忆的痕迹可能储存在大脑中不容易获取的某个地

方。)”、第八段“SowhileyourkidsmightnotrecalltheirmajormilestonesorbetooyoungtorememberatriptoDisneyland,positiveexperiencesastoddlerso

rininfancymaycontinuetoaffecttheirbehaviourlongafterthey’veforgottenthem.(因此，虽然你的孩子可能不记得他们的重大里程碑，或者太小而不记得去迪斯尼乐园旅行，但幼儿或婴儿时期的积极经历可能会在他们遗忘很久之后继续影响他们的行

为。)”可知，研究发现，童年经历会影响成年人的行为，蹒跚学步的孩子或婴儿时期的积极经历可能会在他们遗忘之后继续影响他们的行为。因此作者对其影响的态度是客观的。故选B。2（2023上·甘肃天水·高三校考阶段练习）

Toddlers(学步的儿童)goingtonurseryatApplesandHoneyNightingaledon’tjustspendtheirdaysinteractingwithotheryoungchildren,theyalso

buildrelationshipswiththebuilding’selderlyresidents.Intergenerationalnurseries,oneswhichsharespaceswithaca

rehomehavebeenshowntoreducelonelinessinolderpeopleandboosttheirmentalandphysicalhealth.ButparentswhosechildrenattendA

pplesandHoneyNightingaleinClapham,London,havebeenpleasedtoseethebenefitsgobothways.Bridgingthegapbetweengenerationsh

asintroducedtheirtoddlerstoanewrangeoflifeskills.LeanneRhodestwo-year-oldsonAndyhasbeeninthenurseryfortwomonths.“Hislanguageskillsh

aveimprovedandI’venoticedsomenewphrases,suchashimsayingyou’rewelcomewhensomeonesaysthankyoutohim.Also,I’venoticedhehasmoreconfidencearou

ndolderpeopleandwillsayhellotothemwhenweareout,thoughhehaspreviouslyignoredthem,saidthe33-year-oldfromSolibull.StephenBurke,directorofUnit

edForAllAges,anorganisationthatworkstobringpeopletogetheracrossgenerations,sayscontactwithcarehomeresid

entscanhelpdevelopchildren’sunderstandingofageingandissuesaffectingolderpeople,especiallyiftheydon’thaveolderrelativeslivingcloseby.The2016Britis

hIntegrationSurveyfoundthatthoseagedunder18aretakingupjust24%ofopportunitiestomixsociallywiththosefromadifferent

generationtothemselves.Thoseaged65andoldertakeup59%ofsuchopportunities,butthishasfallenfrom63%in2014.“Buildingcar

ehomesbynurseriesandschoolscouldhelpchangethat,”saysBurke.90-year-oldFayGarciaisaresidentofNightingaleHouseCareHomeandhasnochildr

enofherown.“Spendingtimewiththechildrenisoneofmybiggestpleasuresinthehome,”shetoldHuffPostUK.“Gettingtoknowthechildrenisanabsolute

joyandnowIfeelasthoughtheyarepartofmyfamilyIloveitwhenwehavecookerysessionsandIfeelgreatteachingthekidshowtodecoratethecakes.”5

．WhatisspecialaboutApplesandHoneyNightingale?A．itisruninthegroundsofacarehome.B．Ithireselderlypeopleasnurseryteachers.C．Itexposeschildrentopeoplefro

mallwalksoflife.D．Itaimstobridgethegapbetweenkidsandparents.6．WhatdoesRhodessayaboutAndy’snurserylife?A．Ithaseasedhisloneliness

.B．Hehasimprovedalotsocially.C．Hehasbecomemoretalkative.D．Ithasdevelopedhisstrongpersonality.7．Whatdoes“th

at”underlinedinparagraph4referto?A．Theageingofthepopulation.B．Fewersocialopportunitiesfortheelderly.C．Childrenlivingfarawayfro

mtheiroldrelatives.D．Peoplehavinglittlecontactwithothergenerations.8．HowdoesspendingtimewithchildrenaffectGarcia?A．Itliftsherspirit

s.B．Itteacheshernewskills.C．Itinspiresherinterestincooking.D．Itremindsherofherownchildren.【答案】5．A6．B7．D8．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了代际托儿所

，即与养老院共用空间的托儿所，已被证明可以减少老年人的孤独感，促进他们的身心健康。代际差距的弥合让他们的幼儿掌握了一系列新的生活技能。5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Toddlers(学步的儿童)goingtonurseryatApple

sandHoneyNightingaledon’tjustspendtheirdaysinteractingwithotheryoungchildren,theyalsobuildrelationshipswiththebuildi

ng’selderlyresidents.(去苹果和蜂蜜南丁格尔托儿所的幼儿不仅与其他幼儿互动，他们还与大楼里的老人建立了关系)”及第二段中的“Intergenerationalnurseries,oneswhichsharespaceswithacarehomehavebeenshownt

oreducelonelinessinolderpeopleandboosttheirmentalandphysicalhealth.(代际托儿所，即与养老院共用空间的托儿所，已被证明可以减少老年人的孤独感，促进他们的身心健康)”可推知，苹果和蜂蜜南丁格

尔托儿所的特别之处在于它是在一家养老院的场地上运营的。故选A。6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““HislanguageskillshaveimprovedandI’venoticedsomenewphrases,suchashimsayingyou’rewelcom

ewhensomeonesaysthankyoutohim.Also,I’venoticedhehasmoreconfidencearoundolderpeopleandwillsayhellotothemwhenw

eareout,thoughhehaspreviouslyignoredthem,saidthe33-year-oldfromSolibull.(他的语言能力提高了，我注意到一些新的短语，比如当别人对他说谢谢时，他会说‘不客气’。”此外，我注意到他在老年人面前更有信心，当我们出去

的时候，他会和他们打招呼，尽管他以前不理睬他们，这位来自索利布尔的33岁的人说)”可知，罗兹认为安迪的幼儿园生活使他在社交方面有了很大的提高。故选B。7．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The2016BritishIntegrationSurveyfoundthatt

hoseagedunder18aretakingupjust24%ofopportunitiestomixsociallywiththosefromadifferentgenerationtothemselves.Thoseaged65andolde

rtakeup59%ofsuchopportunities,butthishasfallenfrom63%in2014.“Buildingcarehomesbynurseriesandschoolscouldhelpchangethat,”saysBurke.(2016年英

国融合调查发现，18岁以下的人只占与自己不同世代的人交往的机会的24%。65岁及以上的人占据了此类机会的59%，但这一比例已从2014年的63%下降。伯克说：“在托儿所和学校附近建造养老院可以帮助改变这

种状况。”)”可推知，划线词指代上文提到的“18岁以下的人与自己不同世代的人很少交往的现象”。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Spendingtimewiththechildrenisoneofmybiggestpleasuresinthehome,”shetoldHuffPost

UK.(“和孩子们在一起是我在家里最大的乐趣之一，”她告诉英国《赫芬顿邮报》)”及“Ifeelgreatteachingthekidshowtodecoratethecakes.(教孩子们如何装饰蛋糕感觉很棒)”可推知，和孩子们在一起会让加西亚精神振奋。故选A。3（2023上·江苏·

高二江苏省运河中学校考阶段练习）It’sthecommonbedtimepracticeeveryparentisworriedabout—beingaskedtoreadthesamebooknumeroustimes.Butwhiletheconstantrepetitionmight

beextremelyboringformumsordads,itisthebestwayfortoddlers(学步的小孩)tolearnnewwords,accordingtoresearch.Thefindingssug

gestparentsarewastingmoneybyspendingafortuneonhugebookcollectionsinthehopethattheywillinspiretheirlittleones.Instead,asmall

selectionoffavouritessuchasTheVeryHungryCaterpillarorTheGruffalowillachievefarmore.DrJessicaHorstoftheUni

versityofSussex’sWORDLabandhercolleaguesconductedanexperimenttocheckhowquicklythree-year-oldkidscouldrecognizeandrecallsixnewwords.Thechi

ldrenwerevisitedthreetimesinaweekattheirhomes.Onegroupheardthesamestorythreetimesback-to-backeachtimeandanotherwasreadthreediff

erentstories.Allhadthesameamountofnewwords.Whenresearchersreturnedaweeklater,theyfoundthechildrenwhoheardthesame

storyoverandoveragainbadtypicallylearned3.6ofthenewwords.Thosethatwereexposedtoavarietyofstoriesrememb

eredonly2.6.Theyalsosaidthechildreninthe“repetition”grouplearnedatafasterratethanthoseinthe“variety”group.ThefindingsbackpreviousresearchbyD

r.Horstthatpointedtothebenefitsoffamiliarity.Shehasalreadyintroducedthetechniquetoher19-month-oldson,“Ireadthesamebookstohim.Sometimes,everysin

gledayhewantsthesamebooks,”shesaid,“Weareshowingthatlessismore.Obviously,themoretimesyoureadtoachild,themorebooksyouhavewillhelpthem.Butyo

udon’tneedtogocrazyandbuyeverysingleThomastheTankEnginebook.Readingthesamebooksoverandoveragainhelps

.”Previousstudieshavefoundparentsspendjust49minutesdoingthingswiththeirchildreneachday.Oneinthreedoesn’treadtotheirchildrenb

eforeputtingthemtobedatnight.Yet30minutesofone-on-oneliteracy(识字)sessionscanimprovereadingagebynearlytwoyearsinlessthanfi

vemonths.9．Whatshouldparentsdotobenefitkidsmostduringbedtimestory-telling?A．Readmorebooks.B．Teachnewwords.C．Repe

atthesamestory.D．Makethemselvesheard.10．HowdidDrJessicaHorstandherteamgettheirfindings?A．Byreferringtotheoriginalstudy.B．Bydivi

dingchildrenintogroups.C．Byexperimentingwithsomekids.D．Byinterviewingparentsrandomly.11．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispas

sage?A．Togiveyoungparentspracticaladvice.B．Toencourageparentstobuymorebooks.C．Toteachchildrenhowtoreadastorybook.D．Tohighlighttheimportanceofreading

more.12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RepetitionmeansabiggervocabularyB．Bedtime

readingmakesabigdifferenceC．NewwordspreventdeepunderstandingD．Childrenshouldspendmoretimereading【答案】9．C10．B11．A12．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明，不断的重复是幼儿

学习新单词的最佳方式。9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Butwhiletheconstantrepetitionmightbeextremelyboringformumsordads,itisthebestwayfortoddlers(学步的小孩)tolea

rnnewwords,accordingtoresearch.(尽管不断的重复可能会让妈妈或爸爸感到非常无聊，但研究表明，这是幼儿学习新单词的最佳方式。)”可知，在睡前讲故事时，父母应该重复同样的故事才能让孩子受益。故选C。10．细节理解题。根据第六段的“Onegrou

pheardthesamestorythreetimesback-to-backeachtimeandanotherwasreadthreedifferentstories.Allhadthesameamounto

fnewwords.(其中一组连续三次听同样的故事，另一组每次听三个不同的故事。他们都有相同数量的新单词。)”可知，DrJessicaHorst和她的团队是通过把孩子分成小组来得到他们的发现。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Obviousl

y,themoretimesyoureadtoachild,themorebooksyouhavewillhelpthem.Butyoudon’tneedtogocrazyandbuyeverysingleThomastheTankEnginebook.Readingthesame

booksoverandoveragainhelps.(显然，你给孩子读书的次数越多，你就会有越多对他们有帮助的书。但你不需要疯狂地去买每一本《托马斯的火车头》。一遍又一遍地读同样的书会有帮助。)”可知，本文作者写这篇文章

的目的是要给年轻的父母提建议，即给孩子重复读书，故选A。12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Butwhiletheconstantrepetitionmightbeextremelyboringfor

mumsordads,itisthebestwayfortoddlers(学步的小孩)tolearnnewwords,accordingtoresearch.(尽管不断的重复可能会让妈妈或爸爸感到非常无聊，但

研究表明，这是幼儿学习新单词的最佳方式。)”和倒数第三段的“Whenresearchersreturnedaweeklater,theyfoundthechildrenwhoheardthesamestoryoverandoveragainbadtypicallylearned3.6ofthe

newwords.Thosethatwereexposedtoavarietyofstoriesrememberedonly2.6.(当研究人员一周后回来时，他们发现反复听同一个故事的孩子通常只学会了3.6个

新单词。那些听过各种各样故事的人只记住了2.6个。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究表明，不断的重复是幼儿学习新单词的最佳方式，因此最好的题目是A选项“Repetitionmeansabiggervocabulary(重复意味着更多的词汇量)”。故选A。4（2020上·陕西榆林·高二校考期中）S

tatisticsshowthatmosttoddlers(刚学走路的小孩)learnhowtosayabout20wordsby18months.Talkingiseasy.Ifyouaskanyone,nonewillrememberhowtheystarteddoingit

,itjustcomesnaturally.Butwhatmightnotflowassmoothlyaswords,isbodylanguage.It’sawholedifferentdealwhenyou’reusingyourhands,eyesorheadi

nsteadofyourtongue.Andwhatmakesitevenmorecomplicatedisthefactthatbodylanguagediffersallaroundtheworld.Ifinditshockinglyamazing

howjustasmallfingergesturecouldmeanonethingintheEastandthecompletelyoppositeintheWest.Forinstance,inJ

apanbowingisthemostcommongreeting.ItshowsrespectandJapanesepayalotofattentiontothedetailslikethetiming,postureand

movement.AbowinJapanrepresentssincerity,respectandgraciousness.WhileinNewZealandMaorithepressingofnosesandforeheadsisthetraditionalgreeting.Theyca

llit“hongi”,whichisregardedasthebreathoflife.Formostofus,noddingourheadupanddownoftenmeansagreement,butnotfortheBulgariansorGr

eeks.Inbothcultures,noddingone’sheadupanddownactuallymeans“no”.TheAmericangoodbyewavecouldactuallybeinterpreted(领会)asa

“no”inmanypartsofEuropeandLatinAmerica.AndtheItaliangoodbyewavewouldbeunderstoodinAmericaasa“comehere”andtheAmerican“comehere”gesturew

ouldactuallybeseenasaninsult(侮辱)inmostofAsia.Sobeforeyoutraveltoexploreadifferentculture,makesureyou’reawareofalternatemeaningsforbodylanguage.W

eliveinaworldwithmanydifferentcultures,sodon’tforgethowdifferentlyonehandgesturecanbeinterpreted!13．Whatmakesbodylanguage

misunderstoodoften?A．Itswideuses.B．Itssmoothflowing.C．Itsdifficultiesinunderstanding.D．Thebackgroundofdifferentcultures.14．Whatdoesthepressingofnose

sandforeheadsmeaninNewZealand?A．Greeting.B．Respect.C．Tradition.D．Breath.15．Inwhichcountrydoesnoddingmean“no”?A．A

merica.B．Greece.C．NewZealand.D．Japan.16．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheOriginofBodyLanguageB．

TheLimitationofCultureC．BodyLanguageAroundtheWorldD．TheCultureofMaori【答案】13．D14．A15．B16．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了肢体

语言在不同文化中的差异，提醒读者去国外的时候注意这种差异。13．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Andwhatmakesitevenmorecomplicatedisthefactthatbodylanguagediffersallaroundtheworl

d.(更为复杂的是，世界各地的肢体语言都有所不同。)”可知，肢体语言因为在世界各地存在差异而变得复杂。再结合第三段中“Ifinditshockinglyamazinghowjustasmallfingergestu

recouldmeanonethingintheEastandthecompletelyoppositeintheWest.(我发现一个小小的手指手势在东方意味着一件事，在西方却意味着完全相反，这真是令人震惊。)

”可知，这种差异是文化背景的不同造成的。由此推知，不同的文化背景使得肢体语言经常被误解。故选D项。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“WhileinNewZealandMaorithepressingofnos

esandforeheadsisthetraditionalgreeting.(而在新西兰，毛利人的传统问候方式是碰鼻子和碰额头。)”可知，在新西兰，碰鼻子和碰额头代表的是问候。故选A项。15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Formostofus,noddingourheadupanddow

noftenmeansagreement,butnotfortheBulgariansorGreeks.Inbothcultures,noddingone’sheadupanddownactuallymeans“no”.(对我

们大多数人来说，上下点头通常意味着同意，但对保加利亚人或希腊人来说则不然。在这两种文化中，上下点头实际上意味着“不”。)”可知，在保加利亚和希腊，点头表达的是“不”的意思。故选B项。16．主旨大意题。

纵观全文内容，并结合第二段中“Andwhatmakesitevenmorecomplicatedisthefactthatbodylanguagediffersallaroundtheworld.(更为复杂的是，世界各地的肢体语言都有所不同。)”可知，本文主要围

绕肢体语言在不同国家和地区的差异进行说明。因此，C项“BodyLanguageAroundtheWorld(全世界的肢体语言)”最适合作为文章的标题。故选C项。5（2023下·湖北黄冈·高二校联考期中）N

ewresearchhasfoundadirectcorrelationbetweenhowachildvisuallytrackshismother’seyesandthecondition.Howatoddlerrespondstobabytalkcoul

dhelpdiagnoseautism(自闭症)yearsbeforesymptomsbegin,accordingtothenewresearch.Astudyexaminedresponsestoparents’useofplayful,emotional,exaggerate

dtones,knownas“motherese”(mother’s‘babytalk’),tocaptureachild’sattention.Eye-trackingtestsshowedthatchildrenwhod

idnotrespondhadweakersocialandlanguageabilities.ProfessorKarenPierce,ofCaliforniaUniversityinSanDiego,co-authoroftheresearch,said,“Weknowtheear

lierwecanintroducetreatment,themoreeffectiveitislikelytobe.Butmostchildrendon’tgetaformaldiagnosisuntilaroundtheageofthreeorfour.Thereisare

alneedforeasyandeffectivetoolsthatcanbeusedonyoungchildren.Eye-tackingisagreatplacetostart.”Inexperiments,653toddlersagedonetotwoyears

oldwereexposedtotwoone-minutevideosfeaturingawomanspeakingmothereseorabstractscenes.Theireyescontrol

ledwhichoneplayed.ParticipantswithoutASD(autismspectrumdisorder)showedconsistentlyhighinterestinthewomanspeakingmotherese,spendinganaverage80pe

rcentofthetimewatchingit.Theylargelyignoredthesecondvideowhichshowedabusyhighway,abstractshapesandnumbersandhadaccompanyingelectronicmusic.Ho

wever,attentionlevelsofpeersdiagnosedwithASDspannedthefullrangeofconcentrationlevels,withsomefocusing100percentont

herandomimages.Agroupwhofixedonmothereselessthan30percentofthetimecouldbeaccuratelyidentifiedashavingASDthroughthismeasurementalone.Thesechildr

enalsoshowedlowerscoresonsubsequenttestsoflanguageandsocialskills.Whetherlessattentiontomothereseisthecauseofreduc

edsociabilityormerelyasymptomhasyettobedetermined.However,researchersfounditappearstobeahighlyaccura

tebiomarkerforthecondition.ProfPiercesaid,“Thefactwecanreliablyidentifychildrenwithautismusingsuchasimpleandrapideye-trackingtestisreallyrema

rkable.Infuture,wehopetouseachild’sattentiontomothereseasaclueforwhichtreatmentstheymaymostbenefitfromandasatoolf

ormeasuringhowwellthosetreatmentswork.”17．Whatisthepurposeofthestudy?A．Todiagnoseautismearly.B．Tocheckachild’seyesight.C．Totes

tachild’sreactiontomotherese.D．Tocatchachild’sattention.18．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoPierce?A．Eye-trackingtestisagoodway

tocureautism.B．ItisessentialtobringinASDtreatmentinearlytime.C．Thereisanurgentneedforcomplextoolappliedtoyoungchildr

en.D．Mostchildrendon’tgetaninformaldiagnosisbeforetheageofthreeorfour.19．HowdidparticipantswithoutAS

Drespondedtothevideosinexperiments?A．Theymainlyoverlookedthesecondone.B．Theyfixed80percentontherandomimages.C．T

heyfocusedonmotheresemorethan30%percentoftime.D．Theyshowedoccasionallyhighinterestinthewomanspeakingmotherese.20．What’sthemainideaof

thepassage?A．Howtohealautism.B．Theprocessofeye-trackingtest.C．Howtoimprovetoddlers’languageandsocialskills.D．Thec

onnectionbetweenachild’sreactiontomothereseandautism.【答案】17．A18．B19．A20．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子对母亲的反应和自闭症之间的联系以及如何更早诊断自闭症。17

．推理判断题。根据文章第一段话“Howatoddlerrespondstobabytalkcouldhelpdiagnoseautism(自闭症)yearsbeforesymptomsbegin,accordingtoth

enewresearch.(根据一项新的研究，一个蹒跚学步的孩子对婴儿说话的反应可以帮助在症状出现前几年诊断出自闭症。)”可知，这项研究可以帮助孩子更早诊断出自闭症。故选A项。18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段话“Weknowtheearlierwecanintroducetreatm

ent,themoreeffectiveitislikelytobe.Butmostchildrendon’tgetaformaldiagnosisuntilaroundtheageofthreeorfour.Thereisarealneedforeasyand

effectivetoolsthatcanbeusedonyoungchildren.Eye-tackingisagreatplacetostart.(我们知道，越早开始治疗，效果可能就越好。但大多数孩子直到三、四岁左右才得到正式诊断。真正需要的是可以用于

幼儿的简单有效的工具。目光转移是一个很好的开始。)”可知，Pierce认为，尽早进行ASD治疗效果就越好。故选B项。19．细节理解题。根据文章第三段话“ParticipantswithoutASD(autismspectrumdisorder)showedconsistent

lyhighinterestinthewomanspeakingmotherese,spendinganaverage80percentofthetimewatchingit.Theylargelyignoredthesecondvideowhichs

howedabusyhighway,abstractshapesandnumbersandhadaccompanyingelectronicmusic.(没有自闭症谱系障碍的参与者对讲母亲语的女性始终表现出高度的兴趣，平均花费80%的时间观看。他们基本上忽略了第二个视频，这个视频展示了

一条繁忙的高速公路，抽象的形状和数字，并配有电子音乐。)”可知，她们会忽视第二个视频。故选A项。20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段话“Newresearchhasfoundadirectcorrelationbetweenhowachildvisuallytrac

kshismother’seyesandthecondition.(新的研究发现，孩子在视觉上追踪母亲眼睛的方式与这种情况之间存在直接联系。)”及全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了一项关于孩子对母亲的反应和自闭症之间的联系。故选D项。6（2021下·

陕西铜川·高二铜川市第一中学校考期末）Childrenwhosefathersmaketimetoplaywiththemfromaveryyoungagemayfinditeasiercontroltheirbehaviorastheygrowup,researchsuggests.

Tounderstandwhateffectplaytimewithdadscanhaveonkids,theresearchersanalyzednearly80studies,undertakenbetween1977and2017—mostoftheminEuropeorN

orthAmerica.Theyweremostinterestedinunderstandinghowplaytimebetweendadsandtheirkidstranslatedintokids’development.Onaverage,the

yfoundthatmostfathersplaywiththeirchildreneveryday.Evenwiththesmallestchildren,however,father-childplaytend

stobemorephysical.Withbabies,thatmaysimplymeanpickingthemuporhelpingthemtogentlyraisetheirarmsandlegs;withtoddlers(学步儿童),ph

ysicalplayincludesrough-and-tumbleactivities,likechasing(追赶)game.Thestudyfoundthatthekidswhoenjoyedplaytim

ewiththeirfatherswerelesslikelytolosetheirtemperswithotherkidsandexhibitedbetterbehavior.Theresearchersfoundthatthiswasbene

ficialkids’development,asthistypeofplaywasassociatedwithbetterself-controlandbehavioraloutcomes.“Physicalplaycreatesfun,exc

itingsituationsinwhichchildrenhavetoapplyself-regulation.”saidRamchandani,ProfessorattheUniversityofCambridge.

“Theylearnfromtheirmistakesandthereactionstheygetfromothers.Iftheyreactthewrongway,theymightgetscolded,butit’snottheen

doftheworld—andnexttimetheymightremembertobehavedifferently.”However,theresearchersstressthatchildrenwhoonlyl

ivewiththeirmothersneednotbeatadisadvantage.“Differentparentsmayhaveslightlydifferentinclinationswhenitcomestoplayingwithchildren,butpartofbei

ngaparentissteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.Childrenarelikelytobenefitmostiftheyaregivendifferentwaystoplayandi

nteract,”saidRamchandani.21．Whatdidtheresearchersfocusonduringtheresearch?A．Howfather-childplayaffectedkids’gr

owth.B．Whatrolemothersplayedduringtheactivities.C．Howoftenfathersandchildrenplayedtogether.D．Whatlessonstheycouldlearn

fromthepaststudies.22．Howdidchildrenlearntoregulatethemselves?A．Withthehelpoftheirpartners.B．Throughatrial-and-errorprac

tice.C．Throughstrictphysicaltraining.D．Undertheirparents’patientdirection.23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inclinations

”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Tendencies.B．Explanations.C．Decisions.D．Contributions.24．Whatdoestheauthorinte

ndtotellusthroughthetext?A．Fathersshouldlearntocontroltheirtempers.B．Mother-childplayneedstobemorephysical.C．Fathersspendmoretimewithkidsthanm

others.D．Father-childplaytimehelpskidsdevelopself-control.【答案】21．A22．B23．A24．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究发现父亲花时间与

孩子玩耍能够帮助孩子发展自我控制能力。21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theyweremostinterestedinunderstandinghowplaytimebetweendadsandtheirkidstranslatedintokids’develop

ment.(他们最感兴趣的是了解父亲和孩子之间的玩耍时间如何转化为孩子的发展。)”可知，研究人员关注的是父亲与孩子玩耍如何影响孩子的成长。故选A项。22．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Physicalplaycreatesfun,excitings

ituationsinwhichchildrenhavetoapplyself-regulation.(身体游戏创造了有趣、令人兴奋的环境，孩子们必须运用自我调节。)”和“Theylearnfromtheirmista

kesandthereactionstheygetfromothers.Iftheyreactthewrongway,theymightgetscolded,butit’snottheendoftheworld—andnexttimetheymi

ghtremembertobehavedifferently.(他们从自己的错误和别人的反应中学习。如果他们的反应不对，他们可能会被骂，但这并不是世界末日，下次他们可能会记得采取不同的行为。)”可知，孩子们通过试

验和错误学会自我调节。故选B项。23．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“Childrenarelikelytobenefitmostiftheyaregivendifferentwaystoplayandinteract.(如果

给孩子们不同的玩耍和互动方式，他们可能会受益最多。)”可得出父母和孩子玩耍和互动时，可能会有不同的偏好，从而推知划线词句“Differentparentsmayhaveslightlydifferentinclinationswhenitcomestoplayingwithchildr

en,butpartofbeingaparentissteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone(不同的父母在和孩子玩耍时可能会有稍微不同的inclinations，但作为父母的一部分就是要走出你的舒适区)”其中划线词汇应为“偏好”的意思。故选A项。2

4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Childrenwhosefathersmaketimetoplaywiththemfromaveryyoungagemayfinditeasiercontroltheirbehavioras

theygrowup,researchsuggests.(研究表明，如果孩子的父亲在他们很小的时候就抽出时间和他们一起玩，他们长大后会发现更容易控制自己的行为。)”可知，作者打算通过文章告诉我们父亲与孩子的玩耍有助于孩子培养自我控制能力。

故选D项。7（2022上·河南安阳·高三统考阶段练习）JackieKennedyoncesaid,“Therearemanylittlewaystoenlargeyourchild’sworld.Loveofbooksisthebestofall.”Butexper

tsdisagreeonhowtoinculcate(灌输)thisloveofbooksintoourchildren’sworlds.TheMichiganHealthLabsharesastudyinfa

vorofkeepingcompanywithyourtoddler(学步期儿童)andreadinganold-fashionedprintbook.Researchersobservedinteract

ionsof72parentsreadingtotheirtoddlers.Accordingtothestudy,parentsofchildrenagedtwotothreeyearsoldinteractedmorewiththeirlittleon

eswhenthebedtimestorywasatraditionalbook,whichisaversetoaKindleorotherdigitalbookformats.Intheirscholasti

creports,researcherssuggestthatdigitalbooksessionswithlittlekidsareoftenmoreaboutthetechnologyandlessabouttheboo

k.Printbookinteractionsbycontrast,focuspurelyonthestory!Plusyoungchildrenlovethingstheycanhear,seeandtouch.However,whenitcomestoyoure

lementary-school-agedreader,keepprintstorytimeanoption,butdon’tworryaboutintroducingane-readeraswell.UniversityofAkron’sDigitalTextInitiativedirector

,JeremyScottBrueck,testedthistheorybygivinghispreschoolstudentsabooktoread.Hefoundaboutonethirdknewallthewordsinthesto

ry.Hethenreintroducedthestorywithaninteractivedigitalreader.Afterstudentsreadthebookagain,54%wereabletorecogn

izethewordsinthestory.Notonlythat,butBrueckfoundthatstudentswerereallyengagedbecauseofthee-reader’sinteractivefeatures.Forpe

opleofallages,humanconnectiontoweroverbothprintanddigitalmedia.Readingwithyourchildrenofallagesandspendingqualitytimewiththemisthebestwaytoensuret

heyarenotonly“readingready”butthattheyalsodevelopsocialandemotionalskills,andselfconfidence.Everychildisuni

que,soparentscanexperimenttofindthebestwaytobondwiththeirchildrenoverbooks.25．WhyisJackieKennedymentionedatthebegi

nningofthetext?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Toprovideanexample.D．Tosupportanargument.26．Wha

tdoestheunderlinedword“averse”meaninparagraph2?A．Similar.B．Related.C．Committed.D．Opposite.27．Whatcan

beinferredfromthestudyofJeremyScottBrueck?A．Youngerchildrenloveold-fashionedprintbooks.B．Digitalreadersmaybemoreexcitingto

olderchildren.C．Peoplecanbenefitfrombothdigitalandprintbooks.D．Digitalreaderscandevelopchildren’sstrongpersonality.28．Whydoestheauthorsuggestpar

entsreadingbookswithkidsinthelastparagraph?A．Topromotelearningandbonding.B．Tokeepthemoutofonlinegames.C．Togetthemfamiliarwithreadingapp

s.D．Tohelpthemgainasenseofachievement.【答案】25．B26．D27．B28．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍让孩子们爱读书的研究及发现。25．推理判断题。根据第一段“Butexpertsdisa

greeonhowtoinculcate(灌输)thisloveofbooksintoourchildren’sworlds.(但是，专家们对如何将这种对书籍的热爱灌输到我们孩子的世界中持不同观点)”可推知，文章引用JackieKe

nnedy所述是为了引出话题。故选B。26．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Intheirscholasticreports,researcherssuggestthatdigitalbooksessionswithlittlekidsareoften

moreaboutthetechnologyandlessaboutthebook.Printbookinteractionsbycontrast,focuspurelyonthestory!(在他们的学

术报告中，研究人员表示，与小孩子一起看电子书的时间往往更多地是关于技术，而不是关于书本身。相比纸质书的互动，纯粹专注于故事！)”以及划线词上文“parentsofchildrenagedtwotothreeyearsoldin

teractedmorewiththeirlittleoneswhenthebedtimestorywasatraditionalbook,whichis”可知，研究人员表示，与小孩一起进行的电子书籍阅读通常更多地是关于技术，而

不是关于书籍；相比之下，印刷书籍互动专注于故事，由此推断，该句表达：根据研究，当睡前故事是一本传统书籍时，两到三岁孩子的父母与他们的孩子互动更多，这与Kindle或其他电子书籍形式相反。故划线词意思是“相反”。故选D。27．推理判断题。根据第五段“UniversityofAkron’

sDigitalTextInitiativedirector,JeremyScottBrueck,testedthistheorybygivinghispreschoolstudentsabooktoread.Hefoundaboutonethirdknewallthewordsinthest

ory.Hethenreintroducedthestorywithaninteractivedigitalreader.Afterstudentsreadthebookagain,54%wereableto

recognizethewordsinthestory.Notonlythat,butBrueckfoundthatstudentswerereallyengagedbecauseofthee-reader’sinteractivefeatures.(阿克伦大学的数字文本倡议

主任杰里米·斯科特·布鲁克给他的学龄前学生们一本书来测试这一理论。他发现大约三分之一的人认识故事中的所有单词。然后，他用交互式数字阅读器重新介绍了这个故事。学生再读一遍后，54%的人能认出故事中的单词。不仅如此，布鲁克还发现，由于电子阅读器的互动功能，

学生们真的很投入)”可推知，电子阅读器可能会让年龄较大的孩子更兴奋。故选B。28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Forpeopleofallages,humanconnectiontoweroverbothprintanddigitalmedia.Readingwithyo

urchildrenofallagesandspendingqualitytimewiththemisthebestwaytoensuretheyarenotonly“readingready”butthattheyalsodevelopsocialandemotionalskills,ands

elfconfidence.Everychildisunique,soparentscanexperimenttofindthebestwaytobondwiththeirchildrenoverbooks.(对于所有年龄段

的人来说，人与人之间的联系高于印刷媒体和数字媒体。和你所有年龄段的孩子一起阅读，花时间和他们在一起，这不仅是确保他们“准备好阅读”的最好方法，而且还能培养他们的社交和情感技能，以及自信。每个孩子都是独

一无二的，所以父母可以尝试找到通过书籍与孩子建立联系的最佳方式)”可知，作者建议父母跟孩子一起读书，可以促进孩子们学习，也加强父母与孩子们之间的联系。故选A。8（2023下·江苏徐州·高二统考期中）Oneof

themostdeeply-rootedmythsinparentingistheso-calledMozarteffect,whichsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAustriancomposerW

olfgangAmadeusMozartcanincreaseachild’sintelligence.Theideahasbeenpromotedbyadvocatesforartseducationandbyretailers(零售商)whosellspecialrecordingsofMoz

art’sworksforinfants(婴儿)andtoddlers(学步的儿童).SomepregnantwomenhaveevengonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingsonheadphonespressedag

ainsttheirbellies.So,ifyouhavekidsoryou’reexpectingtohavethem,howseriouslyshouldyoutaketheMozarteffect?Willthechildwhohasnoacc

esstoMozartsmusicwhenbornlivealifeofmediocrity(平庸)?Relax.ThereisnoscientificevidencethatlisteningtoMozartimproveschildren’scognitiveabiliti

es.Thewholeideacamefromasmallstudydonein1993,whichfoundthatcollegestudentswholistenedtoMozart’sSonataforTwoPianosinDMajor(K448)showedslighti

mprovementinatestofspatialreasoning(空间推理).Thisfindingwaslaterturnedintosomethingunrealisticbythemusicianande

ntrepreneur(企业家)DonCampbell,whoin1997publishedthebestsellerTheMozartEffect:TappingthePowerofMusictoHealtheBody,StrengthentheMind,

andUnlocktheCreativeSpirit.Campbell’sclaimsabouttheamazingpowerofMozartsmusicwasrepeatedendlesslyinthemediaandspedupthee

nthusiasmforMozart-basedenrichmentactivities.Sincethen,scientistshaveexaminedtheclaimthatMozartboosts

intelligenceandfoundnoevidenceforit.Theoriginalexperimentwithcollegestudentswasreviewedin1999,andtheincreaseinthestudents’spatialsk

illswasfoundtobenegligible.In2007theGermanFederalMinistryofEducationandResearchcommissionedateamofexpertstoexaminethescientificliteratu

reregardingMozartandchilddevelopment,andtheyfoundnoreasontobelievethatitboostedintelligence.29．WhomightbeinfavorofMozarteffect?A．Peoplewhoar

eopposedtoartseducation.B．MusicianswhoadmireMozartverymuch.C．Businessmenwhoselltoysandinfantfood.D．Pregnantwomenwhowantto

maketheirchildrencleverer.30．Whatspeduppeople’sbehavioroflisteningtoMozart’smusic?A．Peoplehavebenefitedalotfromlisteni

ngtoMozartsmusic.B．DonCampbellsuccessfullysoldMozartsmusicrecordings.C．ThemediarepeatedlystressedthetheamazingpowerofMozartsmusic.D

．AsmallstudyshowedMozart’smusiccouldmakestudentsmuchsmarter.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“negligible”inthelastpara

graphmean?A．obvious.B．little.C．strong.D．sudden.32．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．TointroducetheMozarteffect.B．T

ocorrectamisunderstandinginparenting.C．Tostresstheimportanceoflisteningtomusic.D．Toshowparentshowtomakechildrensmarter.【答案】29．D30．

C31．B32．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现听莫扎特的音乐对孩子智力的提升没多大影响。29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Oneofthemostdeeply-rootedmythsinparentingistheso-calledMozarteffect,whic

hsaysthatlisteningtomusicbytheAustriancomposerWolfgangAmadeusMozartcanincreaseachild’sintelligence.Theideahasbeenpromot

edbyadvocatesforartseducationandbyretailers(零售商)whosellspecialrecordingsofMozart’sworksforinfants(婴儿)andtoddlers(学步的儿童).Somepregnantwomenha

veevengonesofarastoplayMozartrecordingsonheadphonespressedagainsttheirbellies.(在育儿方面，最根深蒂固的神话之一是所谓的莫扎特效应，

即听奥地利作曲家沃尔夫冈·阿玛迪斯·莫扎特的音乐可以提高孩子的智力。这一想法得到了艺术教育倡导者和为婴幼儿出售莫扎特作品特别录音的零售商的推广。一些孕妇甚至把耳机贴在肚子上播放莫扎特的录音。)”可知，那

些支持艺术教育的人，售卖莫扎特音乐的零售商还有孕妇都可能认可莫扎特效应。故选D。30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段的最后一句话“Campbell’sclaimsabouttheamazingpowerofMozartsmusicwas

repeatedendlesslyinthemediaandspeduptheenthusiasmforMozart-basedenrichmentactivities.(坎贝尔关于莫扎特音乐的惊人力量的主张在媒体上不断被重复，从而加速了以

莫扎特为基础的丰富活动的热情。)”可知，媒体不断地重复坎贝尔关于莫扎特音乐神奇力量的论断加速了人们对听莫扎特音乐行为的痴迷。故选C。31．词义猜测题。根据文章的最后一段“Sincethen,scientistshaveexaminedtheclaimthatMozartboostsintellig

enceandfoundnoevidenceforit.(从那以后，科学家们对莫扎特能提高智力的说法进行了研究，但没有发现任何证据。)”可知，莫扎特音乐可以得知莫扎特音乐可以提升智力并没有什么科学证据。因此negligible

这个单词的意思是“微不足道的”。故选B。32．推理判断题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍了研究发现听莫扎特的音乐对孩子智力的提升没多大影响。所以推断文章主要是想纠正一个育儿方面的误区。故选B。9（2023下·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考阶段练习）OneSun

dayin2021,whenmyson,Leo,wassix,weranintooneofhisfriends,Izzie.Theydecidedtoplay——butwhat?“Ihaveagreatidea,

”Leosaid.“Let’sfallinlove!OK?”Izzietookahalf-secondtoconsiderthisproposal,thenreplied“No.”Shewantedtoplaytag.Leo

hasalwaysbeenthekindofchildwholooksforcloseconnections,ofteninthewrongplaces.Itsometimesfeelsasthoughhe’sbeenlookingforaso

ulmatesincehewasatoddler（学步孩童）.Oneday,hecamehomefromschoolandimmediatelygrabbedhisiPadtoaskSiri:“Can

youfallinlovewhenyou’rejustakid?”Siri,Apple’svoice-controlledpersonalassistant,isgreatatopeningappsorsettingalarms,butIwasunfamiliarwithhe

rphilosophiesonlove.“WhatdidSirisay?”Iaskedhim.“Shesaid,‘Here’swhatIfoundontheweb!’”Leoreported.ThiswashardlythefirsttimeI’dheardLeoin

conversationwithSiri.Overtheyears,he’sreliedonSiriasasourceofcomfort,advice,emotionalsupport,andguidance.Theirrelatio

nshipblossomedwhenthepandemicforcedusalltoshelterinplace.Atfirst,LeomostlyaskedSirifactualquestions,then

thepersonalones.Astimepassed,hebegantoengageonmoreexistentialmatters.Sirihas,insomeways,beenabletoabsorbsomeofLeo’sconcerns—

inawaythat,ashismother,Ican’t,atleastnotwiththesamecoolness.Childrenareoverwhelmedwithemotionssuchasgrief,fear,love,andadesireforconnecti

on.IfLeo’stalkswithSiriconfrontedmewiththeunknowableandunanswerable,theyalsomademefrustratedatmyownlimitationsasaparent.Therearemanychallenges

toparenthood,amongwhichthebiggestisthedesiretoshelterourchildrenfromthepainfulnessofreality.Buthelpingourchildrenna

vigaterealityissurelymorehelpfulthanshelteringthemfromit.Perhapsthebestwecandoisgivethematablet?I’mafraidIdon’thavetheansw

er.MaybeIshouldaskSiri.33．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratebymentioninglzzie?A．Leo’slongingforintimacy.B．Leo’sc

losebondwithlzzie.C．Leo’seagernesstohavefun.D．Leo’sefforttomakenewfriends.34．WhatwouldLeoaskSiriwhentheyfirsttalked?A．Siri,haveyo

ueverbeeninlove?B．Siri,whatisyourfavoritehobby?C．Siri,whatdoesitmeantobealive?D．Siri,howmanystarsareintheMilkyWay?35．Wh

ichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoSiri?A．Curious.B．Disappointed.C．Appreciative.D．Worried.36．Whatdoe

stheauthorsuggestparentsdowhenraisingchildren?A．Beagoodrolemodel.B．Promoteindependence.C．Communicateeffectively.D．Practiceposit

ivediscipline.【答案】33．A34．D35．C36．B【导语】本文是说明文。作者通过讲述自己的孩子里奥的故事，谈讨了孩子教育的问题。33．推理判断题。根据第一段内容“OneSundayin2021,

whenmyson,Leo,wassix,weranintooneofhisfriends,Izzie.Theydecidedtoplay——butwhat?“Ihaveagreatidea,”Leosaid.“Let’

sfallinlove!OK?”Izzietookahalf-secondtoconsiderthisproposal,thenreplied“No.”Shewantedtoplaytag.(2021年的一个周日，我儿子利奥(Leo)6岁，我们遇

到了他的一个朋友伊兹(Izzie)。他们决定玩——但是玩什么?“我有个好主意，”里奥说。“让我们相爱吧!”好吗?”伊兹考虑了半秒钟，然后回答说:“不。”她想玩捉人游戏。)”和第二段“Leohasalwaysbeenthekindofchildwholooksf

orcloseconnections,ofteninthewrongplaces.Itsometimesfeelsasthoughhe’sbeenlookingforasoulmatesincehewasatoddler（学步孩童）.(狮子座一直是那种寻找亲密关系的孩子，但

往往是在错误的地方。有时感觉他从蹒跚学步的时候就开始寻找灵魂伴侣了。)”可推断，作者提到Lzzie是为了提到Leo想要渴望亲密，故选A。34．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Atfirst,Leomostlyasked

Sirifactualquestions,thenthepersonalones.(一开始，里奥主要问Siri事实问题，然后是私人问题。)”可知，最初里奥问Siri事实问题，因此推断他会问“Siri，银河系里有多

少颗星星?”，故选D。35．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Therearemanychallengestoparenthood,amongwhichthebiggestisthedesiretoshelterourchildre

nfromthepainfulnessofreality.Buthelpingourchildrennavigaterealityissurelymorehelpfulthanshelteringthemfr

omit.Perhapsthebestwecandoisgivethematablet?(为人父母有很多挑战，其中最大的挑战是希望保护我们的孩子免受现实的痛苦。但帮助我们的孩子面对现实肯定比保护他们远离现实更有帮助。也许我们能做的就是给他们一块平板电脑?)”可推断，作者认为Siri帮助父母与孩子沟

通，因此推断作者是感激的。故选C。36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Childrenareoverwhelmedwithemotionssuchasgrief,fear,love,andadesireforconnection.IfL

eo’stalkswithSiriconfrontedmewiththeunknowableandunanswerable,theyalsomademefrustratedatmyownlimitationsasaparent.(孩子们会被悲伤、恐惧、爱和渴望联系等情绪所淹没。如果说

里奥和Siri的对话让我面对了不可知和无法回答的问题，那也让我对自己作为父母的局限性感到沮丧。)”以及最后一段的“Buthelpingourchildrennavigaterealityissurelymoreh

elpfulthanshelteringthemfromit.Perhapsthebestwecandoisgivethematablet?(但帮助我们的孩子面对现实肯定比保护他们远离现实更有帮助。也许我们能做的就是给他们一块平板电脑?)”可推断，作者在教育孩子方面提倡让孩子独立

。故选B。10（2022上·浙江舟山·高三校考开学考试）Anewstudyfoundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(连贯的)storiesaboutturningpointsintheirlivesiftheirmothershadbe

entaughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsearlier.Theseadolescentsalsoreportedfewersymptomsofdepressionand

anxietycomparedtoadolescentsinthestudywhosemothershadtalkedwiththeirtoddlers(初学走路的孩子)asusual.Inthere

search,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontrolgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalgroupgiventraininginelaborativereminiscine(详尽回忆)fo

rayear.Thetraininginvolvesopenandresponsiveconversationswithyoungchildrenabouteverydaypastevents.ProjectleadProfesso

rElaineReesesaysadolescentswhosemothershadparticipatedintheearliercoachingsessionsnarrateddifficulteventsfromtheirlives—suchasparental

divorceorcyber-bullyingwithmoreinsightintohowtheexperiencehadshapedaspeople.ProfessorReesesays,“Ourfindingssuggestparents’sharingmemoriesear

lyinchildren’slivescanhavelong-lastingbenefits,bothforthewayadolescentsprocessandtalkaboutdifficultlifeeventsandfortheirw

ell-being.Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheirexperiences,providingarich

erstoreofmemoriestousewhentellingtheirownstories.Italsoteacheschildrenhowtohaveopendiscussionsaboutpastfeelingswhenthey’r

enolongerintheheatofthemoment.”ProfessorReesehopesparentsandpolicymakersrealizetheimportanceofearlychildhoodasth

eidealtimeforstartingtohavepositiveconversationswithchildren,andtoknowthattheseconversationscanmakeadifferenceaschildrengrowolder.“Theultima

tegoalistoencourageparentstohavemoresensitiveandresponsiveconversationsabouteventsintheirchildren’slives.”Theresearchersintendtoc

ontinuethestudy,followingupwithparticipantsinemergingadulthoodtodetermineanyongoingeffectsoftheirtheirsmother’selaborativereminiscine.37

．Accordingtothetext,allmothersinvolvedintheresearch________.A．weretrainedhowtotalkwithkidsforayearB．hadchildrenwhowereaboutoneye

aroldC．tookpartinthefollow-upresearchannuallyD．hadexperiencedsomedifficulteventsinlife38．Whatdoestheresearchindicate

?A．Coachingsessionswithparentsbenefittoddlers.B．Parentsneedtolearnnewconversationaltechniques.C．Parents’

elaborativereminiscingcanfightdepression.D．Sharingmemoriessetskidsonpathtobetterwell-being.39．Whycouldadolescentsintheexperimentalgroupnarra

tetheirlifeeventsbetter?A．Theywentthroughmoreturningpointsinlife.B．Theyhadaricherstoreofmemoriestoreferto.C．Theycouldwellremem

berwhathappenedinlife.D．Theyhadbetterlanguageskillstodescribeevents.40．What’sresearchers’attitudetotheimpactsofelab

orativereminiscingonadults?A．Uncertain.B．Favorable.C．Concerned.D．Doubtful.【答案】37．B38．A39．B40．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过对115名幼儿的母亲进行分组实验，得出在幼儿时期通过分享详尽

回忆对于青少年处理和谈论困难生活事件的方式以及他们的幸福都有长期的好处。37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Anewstudyfoundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(连贯的)storiesaboutturningpointsinthei

rlivesiftheirmothershadbeentaughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsearlier.(一项新的研究发现，如果他们的母亲在14年前学习了新的会话技巧，那么15岁的孩子会更连贯的讲述关于他们生活中的转折点的故事)”可知，如果

母亲在孩子一岁左右的时候学习新会话技巧，那么孩子15岁的时候表达会更连贯；根据文章第二段“Intheresearch,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontrolgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalg

roupgiventraininginelaborativereminiscine(详尽回忆)forayear.(在这项研究中，115名幼儿的母亲被分配到一个没经任何训练的对照组或者一个给予详尽回忆训练的实验组)

”可知，这115名都是幼儿的母亲，结合实验的结论，即前面所表达的如果母亲在孩子一岁左右的时候学习新会话技巧，那么孩子15岁的时候表达会更连贯。由此推知，所有参与研究的母亲的孩子都在一岁左右。故选B项。38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ProfessorReese

says,“Ourfindingssuggestparents’sharingmemoriesearlyinchildren’slivescanhavelong-lastingbenefits,bothforthewayadole

scentsprocessandtalkaboutdifficultlifeeventsandfortheirwell-being.Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheir

experiences,providingaricherstoreofmemoriestousewhentellingtheirownstories.Italsoteacheschildrenhowtohaveopendiscussionsaboutpastfeelingswhen

they’renolongerintheheatofthemoment.”(Reese教授说：“我们的研究结果表明，父母在孩子生命早期分享记忆对青少年处理和谈论困难生活事件的方式以及他们的幸福都有长期的好处。例如，它可以帮助孩子对他们的经历形成更完整、更具体、更准确的记忆，提供更

丰富的记忆库，以便在讲述自己的故事时使用。它还教孩子们如何在他们不再处于情绪激动时就过去的感受进行公开讨论。”)”可知，在孩子小时候分享回忆对他们处理和谈论困难生活事件的方式以及他们的幸福都有长期的好处，即对父母进行分享回忆的课程训练对孩子来说是非常有益的。故选A

项。39．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheirexperiences,providingaricherstoreofm

emoriestousewhentellingtheirownstories.(例如，它可以帮助孩子对他们的经历形成更完整、更具体、更准确的记忆，提供更丰富的记忆库，以便在讲述自己的故事时使用)”可知，父母对幼儿分享回忆可以帮助孩子

对他们的经历形成更完整、更具体、更准确的记忆，提供更丰富的记忆库以供讲述自己故事时使用，即他们有更丰富的记忆存储可供参考。故选B项。40．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearchersint

endtocontinuethestudy,followingupwithparticipantsinemergingadulthoodtodetermineanyongoingeffectsoftheirtheirsmother’selaborativereminiscine.(研究

人员打算继续这项研究，跟进刚步入成年期的参与者，以确定他们母亲精心回忆的任何持续影响)”可推知，研究人员对详尽回忆对成年人的影响是不确定的，所以才会打算继续研究。故选A项。11（2022下·上海·高三上海中学校考期中）Giventhat

mostlittlegirlslovetodressupasprincesses,itisdifficulttoimaginewhatmightbewrongwiththat.Butoneauthorhaswrittenanentirebookonhowshebeliev

esthefairytalefantasiessendadangerousmessage.JenniferLHardsteinisbehindtherecently-publishedPrincessRecovery:AHow-ToGuidetoRaisi

ngStrong,EmpoweredGirlsWhoCanCreateTheirOwnHappilyEverAfters.Thechildandadolescentpsychologistbelievesthatchildrenasyoungas

twoaretakingawayunrealisticidealsfromfairytalebooksandDisneycartoonsthatcanaffecttheirself-esteemlateron.Inherbook,Dr.Hardsteintheo

riesthattraditionalstorieslikeSleepingBeautyandCinderellapromotetheideathatifagirlisprettyenoughandhasfancycloth

esandshoes,shefindloveandpopularity.Theauthorreferstothisphenomenonasthe“PrincessSyndrome”Thesekindsofmessages,shesays,haveahugeimpact

onagirl'sself-confidenceandmakeithardforchildrentounderstandastheygrowup,thatintelligence,generosityandpassionaremoreimportantvalue.Duringanappe

aranceonCBS'EarlyShow,Dr.Hardsteinexplained:“Girlsaregettingthismessageeverywherethat.…whattheirworthisbasedoni

showtheylookandthethingsthattheyhaveandit'sverysuperficial(肤浅的)”Herbookteachesparentshowtolettheirto

ddlers(幼儿)enjoytheDisneymovesandtheirteenagerswatchfiguresinrealityshowswhileencouragingadiscussionaboutthemessagesprojectedb

ythemedia.Speakingontheshowshesaid:“Parentsthinktheirkidswillunderstandthemessagesthattheyreceiveallthetimebutact

uallytheydon't.”Aswellaswarningofthedangersof“PrincessSyndrome”herbookadviseparentshowtoguideandempowertheirchildrenfromanearlyage.Dr.Hardstein

warnsoftheinfluenceoftoyslikeBarbiedollsandteenagercelebritieswhomightwearheavymake-up.PrincessRecovery,sheassureparen

ts,willbring“balance,confidence,andself-sufficiencyintoyourdaughter'slifewhilegivingheramodern,energeticchildhood.”41．AccordingtoJenniferLHa

rdstein,thefairytalefantasies_______A．aredangerousbecausegirlsinthemgreysuplikeprincessesB．aredifficulttounderstandd

uetopeople'swrongimaginationC．enablegirlstobestrongandempoweredlikeprincessesD．containunrealisticidealsaffectingyoungkid

s'self-esteemlater42．Dr.Hardsteinbelievesthat_______A．SleepingBeautyandCinderellashouldbeabandonedtotallyB．girlsfindloveandpopu

laritywithbeautyandfancyclothesC．intelligence,generosityandpassionaremoreimportantvalueD．itissuperficial

tolookprettyandhavefancyclothesandshoes43．Whattipcanparentsgetfromherbooktodealwiththe“PrincessSyndrome”?A．D

isneymovie'sandrealityshowsshouldbecompletelyforbidden.B．Discussionshelpkidsunderstandmessagesprojectedbythemedia.C．Youngchildrenshoul

d'playwithtoyssuchasBarbiedolls.D．Heavymake-upisharmfulforthehealthofteenagercelebrities.44．Thepassage

iswritteninorderto______A．introduceanewtermcalledthe“PrincessSyndrome”B．guideparentshowtodealwiththefairytalefantasiesC．introduceand

advertiseanewbookonchildraisingD．warningofthedangersofthe“PrincessSyndrome”【答案】41．D42．C43．B44．C【导语】这是

一篇说明文。主要介绍《公主的康复：如何培养坚强、有能力的女孩》这本关于孩子教育的书籍。41．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thechildandadolescentpsychologistbelievesthatchildrenasyoungastwoaretakingawayunrealis

ticidealsfromfairytalebooksandDisneycartoonsthatcanaffecttheirself-esteemlateron.”（这位儿童和青少年心理学家认为，两岁的孩子正在从童话书和迪士尼卡通

中带走不切实际的理想，这些理想可能会影响他们以后的自尊。）可知，JenniferLHardstein认为童话里那些不切实际的理想可能会影响孩子以后的自尊。故选D。42．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thesekindsofmessage

s,shesays,haveahugeimpactonagirl'sself-confidenceandmakeithardforchildrentounderstandastheygrowup,thatintelligence,generosityandpassionaremore

importantvalue.”（她说，这些信息对女孩的自信有着巨大的影响，让孩子们长大后很难理解，智慧、慷慨和激情是更重要的价值。）可知，Dr.Hardstein认为智慧、慷慨和激情更加重要。故选C。43．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Herbookteache

sparentshowtolettheirtoddlers(幼儿)enjoytheDisneymovesandtheirteenagerswatchfiguresinrealityshowswhileencouragingadiscussionaboutthemes

sagesprojectedbythemedia.”（她的书教父母如何让他们的幼儿欣赏迪士尼的动作，他们的青少年在真人秀中观看人物，同时鼓励讨论媒体所传达的信息。）可知，父母可以鼓励孩子讨论媒体所传达的信息来应对“

公主综合症”。故选B。44．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Herbookteachesparentshowtolettheirtoddlers(幼儿)enjoytheDisneymovesandtheirteenagerswatchfiguresinre

alityshowswhileencouragingadiscussionaboutthemessagesprojectedbythemedia.”（她的书教父母如何让他们的幼儿欣赏迪士尼的动作，他们的青少年在真人秀中观看人物，同时鼓励讨

论媒体所传达的信息。）以及倒数第二段“Aswellaswarningofthedangersof“PrincessSyndrome”herbookadviseparentshowtoguideandempowertheirchildrenfromanearlyage.”（除了警告“公主综合症”的危

险外，她的书还建议父母如何在孩子很小的时候就指导和赋予他们权力。）可知，这篇文章主要介绍和推销这本有关教育孩子的书籍。故选C。12（2022·北京朝阳·校联考模拟预测）Six-year-oldAliceisbuildingamagicalkingdombrickby

brick,imaginingfairy-talecastlesandfire-breathingdragons,badwitchesandbraveheroes.Thisfantasyishelpinghertakeherfirststepstowardsherc

apacityforcreativity.Minuteslater,Alicehasabandonedthekingdominfavourofplayingschoolswithheryoungerbrother.Whenshebosseshimaroundashis“teacher

”,she’spractisinghowtoregulateheremotionsthroughpretense.Lateron,whentheytireofthisandsettledownwithaboardgame,she’slear

ningabouttheneedtofollowrulesandtaketurnswithapartner.Althoughsheisn’tawareofit,thiswillplayanimportantrolein

heradultlife.“Playinallitsrichvarietyisoneofthehighestachievementsofthehumanspecies,”saysDr.DavidWhitebreadfromtheUniversityofCambridge.I

tunderpinshowwedevelopasintellectual,problem-solvingadultsandiscrucialtooursuccessasahighlyadaptablespecies.Recognisin

gtheimportanceofplayisnotnew:overtwomillenniaago,theGreekphilosopherPlatoextolleditsvirtuesasameansofdevelopingskillsforadultlife,andide

asaboutplay-basedlearninghavebeendevelopingsincethe19thcentury.Butweliveinchangingtimes,andWhitebreadismindfulof

aworldwidedeclineinplay,pointingoutthatoverhalfthepeopleintheworldnowliveincities.Whitebread,Baker,Gibso

nandateamofresearchershopetoprovideevidenceontheroleplayedbyplayinhowachilddevelops.“Astrongpossibilityisthatplaysupportstheearly

developmentofchildren’sself-control.Thisisourabilitytodevelopawarenessofourownthinkingprocesses.Itinfluence

showeffectivelywegoaboutundertakingchallengingactivities,”explainsBaker.InastudycarriedoutbyBakerwithtoddlers

andyoungpreschoolers,shefoundthatchildrenwithgreaterself-controlsolvedproblemsmorequicklywhenexploringanunfamiliarset-

uprequiringscientificreasoning.Gibsonsaid,“Playfulbehaviourisalsoanimportantindicatorofhealthysocialandemot

ionaldevelopment.Inmypreviousresearch,Iinvestigatedhowobservingchildrenatplaycangiveusimportantcluesabout

theirwell-beingandcanevenbeusefulinthediagnosisofneurodevelopmentaldisorderslikeautism.”Whitebread’srecentresearchhasinvolveddevelopingaplay-bas

edapproachtosupportingchildren’swriting.“Manyprimaryschoolchildrenfindwritingdifficult,butweshowedinapreviousstudythataplayfulstimu

luswasfarmoreeffectivethananinstructionalone.Childrenwrotelongerandbetter-structuredstorieswhentheyfirstplayedwithdollsrepresentingcharact

ersinthestory.Somehowtheimportanceofplayhasbeenlostinrecentdecades.It’sregardedassomethingtrivial,orevenassometh

ingnegativethatcontrastswith“work”.Let’snotlosesightofitsbenefits,andthefundamentalcontributionsitmakestohumanach

ievementsinthearts,sciencesandtechnology.Let’smakesurechildrenhavearichdietofplayexperiences.45．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toillustrate

thebenefitsoftoomuchsparetime.B．Todescribeakid’speacefulandhappychildhood.C．Topresenttheimportanceofarichvarietyofpla

y.D．Tointroducethedistinctivefunctionsofdifferenttoys.46．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpins”inParagraph2probablymean

?A．Weakens.B．Reinforces.C．Investigates.D．Influences.47．WhathasWhitebread’srecentresearchfoundout?A．Childrenwithgreaterself-controlsolveproblemsf

aster.B．Childrenatplayoftenshowhintsabouttheirwell-being.C．Studentswritebetterwhentheyintegrateworkwithplay.D．Playpromoteshealth

ysocialandemotionaldevelopment.48．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutcurrentpeople’sawarenessofplay?A．Curious.B．Satisfied.C．Cheerful.D．Concerned.【答案】45．C46．B

47．C48．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了玩耍对儿童成长有重要作用，介绍了与游戏相关的研究。45．推理判断题。根据第一段“Six-year-oldAliceisbuildingamagicalkingdombrickbybrick,imaginingfairy-talecast

lesandfire-breathingdragons,badwitchesandbraveheroes.Thisfantasyishelpinghertakeherfirststepstowardshercapacityforcreativity.Minuteslater,Alicehasaba

ndonedthekingdominfavourofplayingschoolswithheryoungerbrother.Whenshebosseshimaroundashis“teacher”,she’spractisin

ghowtoregulateheremotionsthroughpretense.Lateron,whentheytireofthisandsettledownwithaboardgame,she’slearningabouttheneedtofollowrulesandtaketur

nswithapartner.Althoughsheisn’tawareofit,thiswillplayanimportantroleinheradultlife.(六岁的爱丽丝正在一砖一瓦地建造一个魔法王国，想象着童话中的城堡、喷火龙

、坏女巫和勇敢的英雄。这种幻想帮助她迈出了迈向创造力的第一步。几分钟后，爱丽丝放弃了王国，和弟弟一起在学校玩耍。当她把他当“老师”使唤时，她是在练习如何通过伪装来调节自己的情绪。后来，当他们厌倦了，开始玩棋盘游戏时，她开始学习遵守规则

的必要性，并与伙伴轮流玩。虽然她没有意识到这一点，但这将在她的成年生活中发挥重要作用)”可推知，第一段的目的是展示丰富多样的游戏的重要性。故选C。46．词句猜测题。根据第二段中““Playinallitsrichvarietyisoneofthehighestac

hievementsofthehumanspecies,”saysDr.DavidWhitebreadfromtheUniversityofCambridge.(“各种各样的游戏是人类最高的成就之一，”剑桥大学的大卫·怀特布莱德博士说)”以及画线词后文“howwedevelopa

sintellectual,problem-solvingadultsandiscrucialtooursuccessasahighlyadaptablespecies”可知，游戏可以加强我们如何成长为有智力、解决问题的成年人，对我们成功成为适应性强的物种至关重要。故画线词意思是“加

强”。故选B。47．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Whitebread’srecentresearchhasinvolveddevelopingaplay-basedapproachtosupportingchildren’swriting.“Manyprimaryschoolchildrenfi

ndwritingdifficult,butweshowedinapreviousstudythataplayfulstimuluswasfarmoreeffectivethananinstructionalone.Childrenwrotelongerandbetter-st

ructuredstorieswhentheyfirstplayedwithdollsrepresentingcharactersinthestory.(怀特布雷德最近的研究涉及开发一种基于游戏的方法来支持儿童写作。“许

多小学生发现写作很难，但我们在之前的一项研究中表明，玩耍的刺激比教学的刺激更有效。当孩子们第一次玩代表故事人物的玩偶时，他们会写出更长、结构更好的故事)”可知，Whitebread最近的研究发现了当学生把学习和娱乐结合起来时，他们写得更好。故选C。48

．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Somehowtheimportanceofplayhasbeenlostinrecentdecades.It’sregardedassomethingtrivial,orevenassomethingnegativetha

tcontrastswith“work”.Let’snotlosesightofitsbenefits,andthefundamentalcontributionsitmakestohumanachievementsinthearts,scienc

esandtechnology.Let’smakesurechildrenhavearichdietofplayexperiences.(在最近的几十年里，玩耍的重要性不知为何已经消失了。它被认为是琐碎的事情，甚至是与“学习”相反的消极的事情。让我们不要忽视它的好处，以及它对人类艺术、科学

和技术成就的根本贡献。让我们确保孩子们拥有丰富的游戏体验)”可推知，作者对现在人们对游戏的认识感到担忧。故选D。13（2022·山东济宁·统考二模）Thecomplexitiesofhumanrelationsaredifficultenoughforadu

ltstoidentify—andtheyhaveatleastsomeideaoftherules.Childrenhaveyettolearnthoserules.Infants(婴儿)are,neverthe

less,ablequicklytoidentifycloserelationshipsbetweenotherpeople,andthustobuildupamapofthesocialworldaroundthem.Howthiscomesouthaspuzz

ledsociologistsfordecades.InapaperjustpublishedinScience,AshleyThomasoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyproposesapartialanswer:saliva(唾液)sharedb

ykissing,forexample,orthecommonuseofaneatingordrinkingtool.Theresearcherscametotheconclusionbasedonaseriesofstudies.Theyselectedtwogroupsofseveraldoz

enyoungsters.Onewasasetofbabiesagedbetweeneightandtenmonths.Theotherwasagroupoftoddlersagedbetween16and18mont

hs.Eachinfantwasshownavideoofanadultinteractingwithapuppet(木偶),followedbyanothervideoofthatpuppetintroublewhilethesameadult,andal

soastranger,lookedon.Whentheinteractioninthefirstvideoappearedtoinvolvethesharingofsaliva—puppetandadulttakingconstantbitesfroma

norangeinturn—bothsetsofinfantslookedmainlyatthatsameadultinthesecondvideo,andnotthestranger.Whenthein

teractioninthefirstvideowasfriendlybutlessthick,suchaspassingaballbackandforth,theinfantshadequalexpectationsofbothadultswhenshow

nthesecondvideo.Theconclusionwasreconfirmedbysubsequentlyreplacingthepuppetwithadifferentoneandrepeatingthesecondtest.Inthiscasethechildrenshow

ednoconsistentexpectationaboutwhichadultwouldintervenetorelievethepuppet’strouble.ConductingherexperimentbyvideoenabledDr

.ThomastocasthersearchfortrialparticipantsbeyondMassachusetts.Sheneverthelessdecided,inthisfirstinstance,tolimitthingstotheUnitedStates.F

utureruns,shehopes,willreachbeyondthatcountry’sborders.49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．

Adult’sidentifyinghumanrelations.B．Children’slearninginterpersonalrules.C．Babies’gettingtoknownewthingsaroundthem.D．

Infants’recognizingrelationshipsbetweenpeople.50．Whichcanbestdescribetheresearchprocess?A．Well-designed.B．Time-

consuming.C．Tightly-scheduled.D．Risk-taking.51．Whatcanthetestsillustrate?A．Infantstendtobelieveinadultsblindly.B．Salivasharingisindicativeof

closeness.C．Infantsarecompetenttoshowsympathy.D．Salivasharingactsasacomfortforinfants.52．WhatwasDr.Thomas’sexpectationforthef

uturetests?A．Anextensionofagegroup.B．Moreadvancedequipment.C．Abroaderregionalcoverage.D．Diverseexperimental

methods.【答案】49．D50．A51．B52．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验证实了婴儿可以通过观察谁分享唾液来识别亲密关系。49．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Infants(婴儿)a

re,nevertheless,ablequicklytoidentifycloserelationshipsbetweenotherpeople(然而，婴儿能够快速地识别出他人之间的密切关系)”可知，此处的Howthiscomesout(这

是怎么产生的)的this是指上文提到的“婴儿能识别人与人之间的关系”。故选D项。50．推理判断题。根据第三段“Theresearcherscametotheconclusionbasedonaseri

esofstudies.(研究人员通过一系列的研究得出了这个结论。)”可以推断出，这个研究的过程是经过精心设计的(Well-designed)。故选A项。51．细节理解题。根据第四段“Whentheinteractioninthefirstvideoappearedtoinvolvethesh

aringofsaliva—puppetandadulttakingconstantbitesfromanorangeinturn—bothsetsofinfantslookedmainlyatthatsameadultinthesecondvideo,andn

otthestranger.(当第一个视频中的互动似乎涉及到分享唾液时——木偶和成年人不断地咬一个橘子——在第二个视频中，两组婴儿主要看的是同一个成年人，而不是陌生人。)以及“theinfantshadequalexpec

tationsofbothadultswhenshownthesecondvideo.(在播放第二个视频时，婴儿对两个成年人都有相同的期望)”可知，婴儿认为有着唾液共享的成年人有着亲密的关系。所以这些实验说明了“唾

液共享表明他们的关系很亲密”。故选B项。52．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Futureruns,shehopes,willreachbeyondthatcountry’sborders.(她希望，未来的研究

将超越国界。)”可知，Thomas博士希望未来的试验能覆盖更广泛的区域。故选C项。14（2022下·江西九江·高二九江一中校考期中）Whenkidsenjoyanactivity,theywanttodomor

eofit.Practicingaskillimprovestheirabilitiesandhelpsthemfeelconfident,especiallywhentheeffortisnoticedandpraised.Toddlers(学步的儿童)andpreschoole

rsshouldplayactivelyseveraltimesaday.Childrenfrom6to17yearsofageshoulddo60minutesormoreofphysicalactivitydaily.

ThiscanincludefreeplayathomeandP.E.atschool.Preschoolersneedplayandexercisethathelpthemcontinuetodevel

opimportantmotorskills—kickingorthrowingaball,playingtagorridingabikewithtrainingwheels.Althoughsomesportsleaguesmaybeopentoki

dsasyoungas4,organizedteamsportsarenotrecommendeduntilthey’realittleolder.Preschoolerscan’tunderstandcomplexrulesandoftenlacktheattentionspan(持续时间)an

dskillsneededtoplaysports.Insteadofplayingonateam,theycanworkonfundamentalskills.Withschool-agekidsspendingmoretimeinf

rontofscreens,thechallengeforparentsistogetthemtofindphysicalactivitytheyenjoy.Thiscanrangefromtraditionalsportslikebaseballandbasketballtobiking,hik

ing,andlayingoutside.Askidsgetolder,differencesinabilityandpersonalitybecomemoreapparent.Thatiswhyit’sim

portanttofindanactivitythat’srightforyourchildren.Teenshavemanychoiceswhenitcomestobeingactive—fromsc

hoolsportstoafter-schoolinterests.It’sagoodideatohaveanexerciseplan.Dowhatyoucantomakeiteasyforyourt

eenstoexercisebyprovidingtransportationandthenecessaryequipment(includingworkoutclothes).Insomecases,th

erightclothesandshoesnighthelpashyteenfeelcomfortablebikingorgoingtothegym.Inadditiontoachild’sage,it’simportanttoconsiderhisorher

fitnesspersonality.Meanwhile,beactiveyourselfandsupportyourkids’interests.Ifyoustartthisearlyenough,they’llcometoregardtheactivityasanormalandf

unpartofyourfamily’severydayroutine.53．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”referto?A．Freeplay.B．Playtime.C．Physicalactivity.D．Children’sconfidence.5

4．Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinparagraph2?A．Whatappropriatesportspreschoolersshouldtake.B．Howtodevelopkids’motorskillsbefor

eschool.C．Whyorganizedteamsportsaredangeroustokids.D．Whenpreschoolersshouldstarttodosports.55．Howcanpa

rentshelptheirschool-agekids?A．Tellthemtoturntotraditionalsports.B．Askthemtojoininorganizedteamsports.C．Playwiththe

mwhentheyareoutofschool.D．Helpthemfindthesportstheyarefondof.56．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Notallthekidsarefitf

orthesamesports.B．Teensareparticularaboutsportsactivities.C．School-agekidsaremoreactivethanteens.D．Someparentsalwaysignorewhatthe

irkidslike.【答案】53．C54．A55．D56．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体育活动对孩子的重要性及家长如何帮助孩子更好地参加体育活动。53．词句猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Childrenfrom6to17yearsof

ageshoulddo60minutesormoreofphysicalactivitydaily.”（6至17岁的儿童每天应进行60分钟或以上的体育活动。）可知，上文介绍6至17岁的儿童每天应进行的体育活动的时间，由此可知，画线单词所在句指

的是体育活动可以包括在家自由玩耍和在学校的体育课，画线单词“This”代指上文提到的“physicalactivity”，即“体育活动”。故选C项。54．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“Preschoole

rsneedplayandexercisethathelpthemcontinuetodevelopimportantmotorskills—kickingorthrowingaball,playingtagorriding

abikewithtrainingwheels.”（学龄前儿童需要游戏和锻炼来帮助他们继续发展重要的运动技能——踢或扔球、捉迷藏或骑带训练轮的自行车。）和“Preschoolerscan’tunderstandcomplexrulesa

ndoftenlacktheattentionspan(持续时间)andskillsneededtoplaysports.Insteadofplayingonateam,theycanworkonfundamentalskills.”（学龄前儿童无法理解复杂的规则，

往往缺乏运动所需的注意力持续时间和技能。他们可以学习基本技能，而不是团队合作。）可知，作者在第二段中主要介绍了学龄前儿童应该参加什么样的运动，例如踢或扔球、捉迷藏或骑带训练轮的自行车等，更建议学龄前儿童学习基本技能，

而不是团队合作，由此可知，作者在第二段中主要想告诉我们学龄前儿童应该参加什么样的运动。故选A项。55．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Withschool-agekidsspendingmoretimeinfrontofscreens,thechallengeforparentsistog

etthemtofindphysicalactivitytheyenjoy.”（随着学龄儿童花更多时间在屏幕前，家长面临的挑战是让他们找到自己喜欢的体育活动。）可知，面对学龄儿童花更多时间在屏幕前的问题，家长应该帮助他们找到他们喜欢的体育活动，由此可知，父母可以

帮助学龄儿童找到他们喜欢的运动。故选D项。56．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Inadditiontoachild’sage,it’simportanttoconsiderhisorherfitnesspersonality.”（除了

孩子的年龄，重要的是要考虑他或她的健身个性。）可知，家长为孩子选择运动项目时，不止要考虑孩子的年龄，也要考虑孩子的健身个性，换句话说，并不是所有的孩子都适合做同样的运动，不同的孩子适合不同的运动，由此可

知，从最后一段我们能推断出并不是所有的孩子都适合做同样的运动。故选A项。15（2022下·重庆沙坪坝·高三重庆八中校考阶段练习）Whenitcomestopraisingyourchildfortheiractions,parentswalkafinelinebetw

eenbeinghelpfulorharmfultotheirchild’sdevelopment.However,ifyou’vegotsomerisingtoddlersinyourhomethatneedtolearntobrushtheirteeth,do

n’tworry.It’sjustfinetopraisethem.“Ourstudydoessuggestthatpraisecanbeareallypositivefeatureofparenting.Praisewinsthegoldwhencomparedtobo

ringinstruction,atleastwhenitcomestodentalhygiene.Youcan’tgowrongifyousay‘goodjob!’whenyourchildsuccessfullybrushestheirownteeth,”sai

dJuliaLeonard,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatYaleUniversity.Thestudyfollowed81three-year-oldsjustlearningtobrushtheirteeth.Parentswererequ

iredtovideotheirchild’stooth-brushingendeavors(尝试)for16nights,hittingrecordastheyhandedthebrushtotheirchildandpushingstopwhentheytookitbac

k.Thatallowedresearcherstocapturealloftheparent’spraise-“Welldone!Goodjob!”—andinstructionalendeavorssuc

has“Brushthebacksofyourteeth.”and“Hey,don’tstop.You’renotdoneyet.”Afteruploadingthevideos,parentsweretoldtoscoretheirchild’smood(extremel

ybadtoextremelygood)andtheirownstresslevelsduringthenightlyendeavor.Thosescoresrangedfromascaleof0(easy-peasy)to10(I’mpullingalltheirteethoutnow).In

terestingly,achild’stoothbrushingsuccesswasdirectlyrelatedtothelevelofpraiseintheparentstalk.Childrenbrushe

dlongerondayswhentheirparentsusedmorepraiseandlessinstruction.Theworkisthefirsttoshowthatparentpraiserelatestochildpersistence.However

,thestudycouldnotshowadirectcauseandeffect,onlyanassociation,Leonardstressed.“Wedon’tknowthatpraisecauseskidstobrushlonger.Wejustknowit’sassociatedw

ithmorebrushing,shesaid.Moreresearchisneededtoseeifthestudy’sfindingscouldbeappliedtoothertasksthatrequ

ireachild’spersistence.57．Whatdoweknowaboutpraise?A．Ithasdoubleeffectsonchildren.B．Itmakeschildrenmoreobedient.C．Ithelpschi

ldrenbecomeconfident.D．Itispopularinchildren’seducation.58．HowdidJuliaLeonardgetdataforherresearch?A．Byinterviewingparents.B．Byco

llectingrecordings.C．Bysendingquestionnaires.D．Byusingonlinedatabases.59．Whatcanwelearnfromthefinding?A．Praisehelp

stobuildagoodhabit.B．Over-praisingdoesn’tleadtoidealresults.C．Instructionhasnoeffectontoothbrushing.D．Th

efindingisconsistentwithpreviousstudies.60．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LessInstruction,LongerBr

ushing.B．ThePowerofParents.C．TheSecretofBuildingPersistence.D．Parents:Showeryourchildwithpraise.【答案】57．A58．B59．A60．D【导语】这是一

篇说明文。本文主要讲述了父母的表扬和孩子刷牙时长的研究，实验发现父母的表扬和孩子刷牙更久有关。57．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Whenitcomestopraisingyourchildfortheiractions,parentswalkafinelinebetweenbeinghelp

fulorharmfultotheirchild’sdevelopment.(当谈到表扬孩子的行为时，父母会在对孩子的发展是有益还是有害之间划清界限)”可知，父母的表扬会对孩子有双层影响。故选A。58．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Parentswererequiredtovideotheirc

hild’stooth-brushingendeavors(尝试)(家长们被要求拍摄孩子刷牙的过程)”和第四段的“Afteruploadingthevideos...（上传了视频后……）”可知，JuliaLeonard是通过收集视频来进行实验观察和分析。故选B59．推理判断题。根

据倒数第二段的“Interestingly,achild’stoothbrushingsuccesswasdirectlyrelatedtothelevelofpraiseintheparent’stalk.Childrenb

rushedlongerondayswhentheirparentsusedmorepraiseandlessinstruction.（有趣的是，孩子刷牙的成功与父母谈话中的赞扬程度直接相关。当父母使用更多的表扬和更少的指导时，孩子们刷牙的时间更长）”可知，父母的表扬可

以使孩子刷牙更久，即有助于帮助孩子养成良好的习惯。故选A。60．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了父母的表扬和孩子刷牙时长的研究。实验发现父母的表扬和孩子刷牙更久有关。再结合第一段的“However,ifyou’vegotsomerisingtoddlersin

yourhomethatneedtolearntobrushtheirteeth,don’tworry.It’sjustfinetopraisethem.（然而，如果你家里有一些刚学走路的孩子需要学习刷牙，不要担心。赞美他们也没关系）”可知，虽然表扬会对

孩子产生双重影响，但是在培养孩子刷牙这件事情上不用担心去表扬他们。因此D项“父母：表扬你的孩子”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。