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专题05议论文专练一1.（2022春·湖北武汉·高三武汉市第一中学校考阶段练习）Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(官僚主义的)managementinwhichman

becomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”e

xperts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact

,theblue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureau

craticmanagement.Theworkersandemployeesareanxious,seeminglybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajobortheywouldsaytha

ttheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Infact,theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhum

anexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesa

renolessempty.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsal

arybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissiveness(顺从)andin

dependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbeha

vior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-compet

itorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrial

modeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalready

outgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumpt

ionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialitiesaretheaimsof

socialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1．By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”,theaut

horexpressestheideathatmanis.A．areplaceablecomponentofsociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothlyB．expectedtoworkinreas

onableharmonywiththerestofsocietyC．responsibleforthesmoothrunningofsocietyandbusinessoperationsD．anessentialpartofsocietythoughindividual’sfu

nctionisinsignificant2．Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat.A．theyhavetofacethefundame

ntalrealitiesofhumanexistenceB．theyarefilledwiththewell-foundedfearofbeingunemployedC．theydon’thaveanygenuinesatisfactionorinterestinreallif

eD．theyareforcedtogiveuptheirindividualityandindependence3．Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessofli

febelongstothosewho.A．holdwell-paidandlife-longjobsB．enjoyhighsocialstatusandreputationC．stayawayfromover-competitivenessD．outperformtheirfello

w-competitors4．Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststheweshould.A．turntotheproductionmodeofoura

ncestorsB．enablemantofullydevelophispotentialitiesC．offerhigherwagestoworkersandemployeesD．takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．B

【导语】本文为一篇议论文，作者认为，在现代官僚主义管理制度下，人出现普遍焦虑的现象，为了摆脱这一现状，社会制度应该向鼓励人及其潜能充分开发的人文主义工业转变。1．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,wel

l-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefac

tthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.(起润滑作用的是更高的工资、设备完善的工厂和播放的音乐以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家；然而，所有这些润滑

并不能改变这样一个事实：人已经变得无能为力，他不再全心全意地参与工作，他对工作感到厌倦)”可推断，通过“well-oiledcoginthemachinery(机器上润滑良好的齿轮)”，作者认为，尽管运行平稳，人却是社会一个可替代的组成部分，地位无足

轻重。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infact,theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindepende

ntandproductivehumanbeings.(事实上，他们在活着和死去的时候，从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实)”可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被迫放弃自己的个性和独立性。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thisconstantneedto

provethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.(这种持续不断地需要证明

自己与竞争对手一样好或更好的需要，导致了持续不断的焦虑和压力，这正是不快乐和疾病的根源)”可知，作者认为，过多的竞争导致的焦虑和压力是不快乐的根源，因此，生活中真正的幸福属于那些远离过度竞争的人。故选C。4．细节理解

题。根据最后一段“Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesinto

ahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialitiesaretheaimsofsocialarrangements.(我建议把我们的社会制度

，从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的工业主义，转变为以人及其潜能的充分开发为社会安排目的的人文主义工业主义)”可知，为了解决目前的社会问题，作者建议我们应该使人充分开发自己的潜力。故选B。2.（2021·浙江·天台中学校

考模拟预测）Areyouamoviegoer?If,likeme,you’reafanoffilm,thenthere’snobetterplacetowatchsomethingthanonthebigscreenatthecinema.Youenterthedarkth

eatreandtakeyourseat,readytobeentertained.Butwhileyouareabsorbedinsomemoviemagic,manyothersarenowgettingtheirfilmfixathome.Overthelastfewyears,cinem

ashaveseenacomeback.Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats,andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexesinparticul

arcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime,suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivethea

udienceanextraimmersiveexperience.So,what’snottolikeaboutatriptothecinema?Oneanswertothatquestionisconvenience.R

atherthangoingout,it’ssomucheasiertostayinandwatchmoviesonaTVscreenviaanonlinestreamingservice.There’sp

lentyofchoice,andit’srelativelycheapaswell.But,personally,Ifindthere’retoomanydistractions,andwatchingathomeisnotsuc

hanevent.Imissthecinema!Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemasunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclos

ebecauseofreducedticketsales.IntheUK,it’sbroughtaboutasurgeinTVwatchingandonlinestreaming.It’sreportedthathalfofUKadultswillkeepa

ndcontinueusingtheirnewstreamingsubscriptions.Thisisn’tgreatnewsforcinemas.Theyrelyonthereleaseofabigblockbustertobringthecrowdsba

ck,butthelaunchofnewfilms,suchasJamesBond:NoTimeToDie,arebeingdelayed.Disneyhasreleasedits$200mblockbuster,Mu

lan,onlineinsteadofinmovietheatres.JohnFithian,fromtheNationalAssociationofTheatreOwners,toldVarietymagazine:“Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomake

yourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn’tmakesensetome.Therewon’tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.”5．What’smainlytalkedabo

utinparagraph2?A．Whypeopledon’tliketogotothecinema.B．Whathashelpedcinemasmakeacomeback.C．Howcinemashavedevelopedinthelas

tfewyears.D．Whethercinemascanremainpopularinthefuture.6．Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwatchingfilmsathome?A．It

canhardlysuitalldifferenttastes.B．It’stime-consumingduetodistractions.C．Itoffersavarietyoffilmsfreeofcharge.D．It’snotasenjoyableanexperien

ceasgoingtocinemas.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inparagraph4mean?A．Suddenincrease.B．Short-termbenefit.C．potentialinfluence.D．Fier

cecompetition.8．WhichviewwouldJohnFithianagreewith?A．Thereleaseofblockbusterscannotbringthecrowdsback.B．Thepandemichasn’thadagreateffectonthef

ilmindustry.C．Delayingthereleaseofblockbusterscanbringinmoreprofits.D．Releasingfilmsonlineisanalternativeduringthepandemic.【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．C【导语】本文是一篇议

论文。文章主要就疫情影响下的电影业未来进行了论述，作者比起在家，更喜欢去电影院看电影。5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Overthelastfewyears,cinemashaveseenacomeback.Customershavebeenattractedby

comfortableseats,andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexesinparticularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesam

etime,suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanextraimmersiveexperience.(在过

去的几年里，电影院已经卷土重来。舒适的座椅和众多的观赏选择吸引了顾客。特别是多厅影院，可以同时放映20部电影，适合各种口味。此外，3D甚至4D电影可以给观众带来额外的身临其境的体验。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是电影院又流行起来的原因，故选B项

。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But,personally,Ifindthere’retoomanydistractions,andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.(但就我个人而言，我发现有太多让人分心的事情，在家看电影完全不是那么回事)”可推知，作者在家看电影

没有在影院看电影那种愉快的感受。故选D项。7．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemasunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclo

sebecauseofreducedticketsales.”以及后文“inTVwatchingandonlinestreaming”可知，疫情对影院有极大的影响：一些影院由于门票销售减少而不得不关闭。影院的关闭后，看电视和在线流媒体的数量应该激增。故画线词意思是“突然增

多”。故选A项。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Disneyhasreleasedits$200mblockbuster,Mulan,onlineinsteadofinmovietheatres.Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomake

yourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn’tmakesensetome.Therewon’tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.(迪士尼已将其2亿美元的大片《花木兰》从影院

改为在线发布。在我看来，等待疫情结束让你的电影更赚钱的想法是没有意义的。如果你这样做，就不会有那么多的产业可以播放你的电影了)”可推知，他是支持疫情期间不要延迟上映新的电影，在网上上映不失为一种好的选择。故选C项。3.（20

21秋·吉林长春·高三长春吉大附中实验学校校考阶段练习）Ifyouwereborninthe2000s,youarecalledtheoh-ohs.The21stcentury.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodo

ubtsmart.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?Someadultsworrythatyou’r

emoreinterestedinthescreeninfrontofyouthantheworldaroundyou.Theythinkofyouasthe“face-downgeneration”becausey

ouuseyourphonesomuchandtheywonderhowyouwilldealwithschool,friends,andfamily.Aretoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfiestobecomesucc

essfulinreallife?Otheradultsworrythattoday’syoutharespoilt(溺爱)anddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlife.Manychil

drenborninthe1990sand2000swereraisedby“helicopterparents”whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelpthemwithabusysc

hedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-schoolactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.Withparentswhodoeverythingforthem,today’syouthseemtopreferto

liveliketeenagersevenwhentheyareintheir20sor30s.Doestheface-downgenerationneedaheads-up?Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’stee

nagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.Theyseemtobewillingtobecomeleaders.Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolun

teertohelptheircommunities.TherearealsobraveyoungpeoplesuchasMalalaYousafzai,theteenagerwhowonthe2014NobelPeacePrizeforpushinggirls’rightstog

otoschool.Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,there’sreasontobehopefulaboutthefuture.Thingsarelookingupfortheface-downgeneration.Chancesare

thatyouwilldoGR8(great)andLOL(laughoutloud).9．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Toshowapublicconcern.B．Tostartadebate.C．Toexpl

ainascientificterm.D．Tointroducethetopic.10．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmayworrysomeadults?A．Oh-ohs’pooreyesight.B．Oh-o

hs’tightschedules.C．Oh-ohs’lackofindependence.D．Oh-ohs’strongcreativity.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“heads-up”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Earlywarning

.B．Warmwelcome.C．Effectivemedicine.D．Sincereencouragement.12．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theauthorisoneoftheoh-ohs.B．Oh-ohsarelikelyto

haveabrightfuture.C．Oh-ohswillspendlesstimeonphones.D．Oh-ohswillmeetmorechallengesthanadults.【答案】9．D10．C11．A12．B

【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述对在21世纪出生的一代年轻人的看法。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyouwereborninthe2000s,youarecalledtheoh-ohs.The21s

tcentury.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodoubtsmart.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourge

neration?（如果你出生在21世纪，你会被叫作oh-ohs。21世纪使你变得年轻、有创造力、有联系的、全球化的并且无疑是聪明的。或许也是长得好看的。对吗？但是其他人怎么认为你们这一代呢？）”可知，文章第一段引出oh-ohs这一话题，故选D项。1

0．推理判断题。根据第三段“Otheradultsworrythattoday’syoutharespoilt(溺爱)anddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlif

e.Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swereraisedby“helicopterparents”whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelpthemwithabusyschedulefilled

withhomeworkandafter-schoolactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.（其他大人们担心今天的年轻人被溺爱并且不想面对成人生活的挑战。许多出生在20世纪90年代和21世纪的孩子被直升机式的父母抚养。这些父母总是用忙碌的作息表、作业和

课后活动指导和帮助孩子，例如：跳舞、画画或运动。）”可知，oh-ohs一代总是有父母帮着规划生活和学习，他们并不独立。所以缺乏独立性会使大人们担心，故选C项。11．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’steena

gersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.（当然，可能不。事实上今天的许多青少年比上一代人受到了更好的教育并且更有创造力。）”可知not表示否定，即不需要heads-up。再根据本句是对oh-ohs一代的表扬和积极的

概括，可推断heads-up是个消极词汇，故选A项。12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,there’sreasontobehopefulaboutthefu

ture.（所以如果你是oh-ohs中的一个，有理由对将来充满希望。）”可知，oh-ohs一代会拥有一个光明的未来，故选B项。4.（2021·江苏常州·常州高级中学校考二模）Doyoulikewritingafewpara

graphseverydayaboutyourexperiences,hopes,memoriesorfeelings?Ifyoudon't,it'stimetomakeachangenow.Hereiswhy.Youwillgraduallybecomebetteratexp

ressingyourself.WhenIamforcedtowriteeverydaybecauseofabookdeadline(最后期限),Iamalwaysamazedathowquicklymywritingand

verbal(口头的)communicationskillsimprove.Whenwebecomelazywithwords,itismoredifficulttodescribefeelings,shareexperiencesandma

keourselvesunderstood.Youwillrememberthingslongforgotten.Asyouwriteaboutmemories,itislikeopeninganoldphotoalbum.Yourpenbeginstoexplorefeelingsandde

tailsyouhaveforgotten,anddreamsyouhaveleftbehind.Yousuddenlyrememberpeopleyouwouldliketocontactagain.Writ

ingisanactivitythatavoidsdistractions(分心)longenoughforyoutoexplorethosewonderfulmomentsofthepast.Sometimes

theyarefrightening.Sometimestheyarewonderfulandalmostalwaystheyarehelpful.Writingaboutdailyexperiencesandfeelingsp

rovidesarecordedhistorythatwillinfluencehowyoumakefuturedecisions.There'sareasonthatthegreatestleadersinhistorywerest

udentsofhistory.Theylearnedfromwhathadhappenedbefore.Yourhistoryisimportant.Don'tletitbeforgotten.Writingremindsy

ouofyourdreamsandkeepsyoumovingtowardthem.Itisameansofkeepingtrackofyourpurposeandthegoalsthatwillleadyouto

achievethem.Reviewingwhatyouhavewrittenisaperfectwaytoseeyourprogressandtoshowwhenyouhavebeendistractedandmayneedtogiveallyourattentionagaintoyourw

riting.Writingalittleeverydaycouldprovidethematerialthatsomedaybecomesapublishedbook.WhenIwroteaboutmyfour-year-oldgranddaughterwhoh

adlostinthemountains,Ineverdreameditwouldbeinabook.13．Whatdidtheauthorwanttoshowbygivingtheexamplein

Paragraph2?A．Weshouldn'tbelazywithwords.B．Adeadlineencouragesustoworkhard.C．Writinghelpsusbetterexpressourselves.D．There'regoodwaystoimproveourwrit

ingskills,14．AccordingtoParagraph3,whatdoeswritinghelpusdo?A．Improveourmemoryquickly.B．Thinkofourpastexperiences.C．Successfull

yachieveourdreams.D．Explorehappymomentsinothers'lives.15．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellaboutwriting?A．Itcanbeencouraging.B．Itc

anbedistracting.C．Itcanbedisappointing.D．Itcanbeinteresting.16．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassage?A．Totellhowtopublishbooksoneday.B．Toe

xplainwhytheauthorloveswriting.C．Totellhowtoimproveourwritingskills.D．Toencourageustowriteaboutourliveseveryday.【答案】13．C14．B1

5．A16．D【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为每天坚持写作是非常有好处的，并从五个方面证明了自己的观点。13．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Youwillgraduallybecomebetteratexpressing

yourself.”（你会逐渐变得更善于表达自己。）可知，本段主要讲了写作对自我表达的好处。作者随后举例子也是想证明写作可以帮助我们更好地表达自己。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Writingisanact

ivitythatavoidsdistractions(分心)longenoughforyoutoexplorethosewonderfulmomentsofthepast.”可知，写作是这样一种活动，它可以让

你避免分心太久，让你去探索过去那些美妙的时刻。也就是说，我们可以通过写作来重新思考和回忆过去的经历。故选B项。15．主旨大意题。首句“Writingremindsyouofyourdreamsandkeepsyoumovingtowardthem.”（写作让你想起自己的梦想，让

你不断朝着梦想前进。）是本段的中心句，可知全段都在写写作对于梦想和目标的推动作用。选项A中的encouraging意为：令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的。与中心句意思一致。故选A项。16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Ifyoudon't,it'stimetomakeachang

enow.Hereiswhy.”（如果你不喜欢，现在是时候做出改变了，以下是原因。）可知，全文内容都是作者列举的要养成写作习惯的原因。那么作者写这些原因的目的显然是说服读者“makeachangenow”做出改变，即：养成每天写一点东西的习

惯。故选D项。5.（2022·上海闵行·统考一模）Buildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientl

yreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanessh

ouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andpa

rkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeople

driveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通

勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommut

ingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestep

sthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossi

bleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,an

dschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonow

drivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(拥堵)isn

’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse

.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wide

ningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestion

reappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationca

nhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevit

ablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhoco

ntinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalpersp

ective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.17．Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsar

e______.A．notwidelysupportedB．costlytocarryoutC．generallyrecognizedD．temporarilybeneficial18．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordr

iversisreduced?A．Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.B．Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.C．Driverswillbemorewillingtol

ivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.D．Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.19．Whichofth

efollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?A．Theyareenvironment

allybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.B．Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.C．Theywilldefinitely

arousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.20．Thea

uthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______.A．supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.B．opposethebelief

thatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C．provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D．indicatethatm

akingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.【答案】17．A18．C19．B20．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出

行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。17．推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needlesstosay,Ihavetostrug

gletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。18．推理判断题。根据

第二段最后一句“Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherou

t,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。19．推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句

“Trafficcongestion(拥堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreduc

ethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytempor

arilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额

外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsyste

mhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguing

thatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方

便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。6.（2022秋·河北邯郸·高三校联考阶段练习）La

stsummer,StevenEatonreceivedmorethan200youngpeopleonhisorganicfarm.Noneofthemsaidthattheywantedtomakemoneyfromfarming

.Someofthemdescribeditasakindofprotestagainsttheideathatsuccessmeansabigpaycheckandmanytookitasameanstoprotecttheenvironmen

t.StevenEatonunderstandssuchidealists(理想主义者)andhewasoneofthemaboutadecadeago.In2010,hewasinalawschoolinWashington,DC,bu

tnotenjoyingitmuch.ThenheappliedtoworkonafarminWestVirginiainsummer.“IfeltlostwhenIwasinthecity.It’sinthefieldthatIfoundpeace

andharmonyinmylife,”recallsEaton,whonowrunsanorganicfarmclosetoNewYorkCity.“SoIwentbacktoWestVirginiaaftergrad

uation.”Farming—theindependenceandtheconnectiontosomethingasrealassoilandfood—wastheonethingthathewantedtothrow

himselfinto.Andhe’sbeendoingiteversince.Butitwasn’talwaysabighappyfolkdance.“Ihadalotoffailuresinthefirs

tcoupleofyearsandIdidn’treallyknowwhatIwasdoing,”helaughs.Eventually,helearnedtoberealisticaboutfarming.“It’sgoodtobeanidealist.B

utifyou’regoingtostickwithit,andexpecttomakealivingatit,you’vegottoberealisticaboutthebusinessaspects:Money,managingmoney,borrowingmoney,andallthe

thingsthatabusinesspersonhastodo.Youhavetolearntolikethatandbewillingtobegoodatthat.Thatmayevenmeanburni

ngalittlemorefossilfuel,soyoucangetyourproducetocities,wherepeoplepayhigherprices.”Thatsenseoffarmingasapra

cticalformofidealismisprobablythebiggestthingtheyoungpeoplehavetolearn.Whenyou’refarming,youhavetoputsurvi

valfirst.21．Whydidmanyoftheyoungpeoplewanttobecomefarmers?A．Tomakealotofmoney.B．Toapplytheirlearningtopractice.C．Topr

otecttheenvironment.D．Tostudythepollutioninagriculture.22．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesStevenEatonasalawstudent?A．Idealistic.B．Realistic.C．Se

lfless.D．Successful.23．WhatmessagedoesStevenEatonwanttoconveytotheyoungpeople?A．Putenvironmentbeforeprofit.B

．Berealisticaboutthebusinessaspects.C．Sticktoyouridealismforever.D．Findamucheasierjobthanfarming.24．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofStevenE

aton’sadvice?A．Outdated.B．Useless.C．Funny.D．Valuable.【答案】21．C22．A23．B24．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为年轻人在选择职业时可

以有一定的理想主义成分。但是，在从事具体的工作时就得脚踏实地，知道妥协，不走极端。21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Noneofthemsaidthattheywantedtomakemoneyfromfarming

.Someofthemdescribeditasakindofprotestagainsttheideathatsuccessmeansabigpaycheckandmanytookitasameanstopr

otecttheenvironment.(他们中没有一个人说过他们想从务农中赚钱。他们中的一些人认为这是对成功意味着高薪的一种抗议，许多人认为这是一种保护环境的手段)”可知很多年轻人想成为农民是为了保护环境。故选C项。22．

细节理解题。根据第二段“StevenEatonunderstandssuchidealistsandhewasoneofthemaboutadecadeago.(史蒂文·伊顿(StevenEaton)了解这些理想主义者，大约十年前他就是其中之一)”可知，Ste

venEaton在法学院读书时也是一个理想主义者。故选A项。23．细节理解题。根据第七段“Butifyou’regoingtostickwithit,andexpecttomakealivingatit,you’vegottoberealisticaboutthebusinessaspects

:Money,managingmoney,borrowingmoney,andallthethingsthatabusinesspersonhastodo.Youhavetolearntolikethatandbewillingtobegoodatth

at.Thatmayevenmeanburningalittlemorefossilfuel,soyoucangetyourproducetocities,wherepeoplepayhigherpr

ices.(但如果你打算坚持下去，并期望以此为生，你就必须对商业方面的问题保持现实的态度：钱、理财、借钱，以及所有商业人士必须做的事情。你必须学会喜欢它，并愿意做好它。这甚至可能意味着燃烧更多的化石燃料，这样你就可以把你的产品送到城市，那

里的人们支付更高的价格)”可知，StevenEaton希望年轻人对农场的经营应该务实些。故选B项。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thatsenseoffarmingasapracticalformo

fidealismisprobablythebiggestthingtheyoungpeoplehavetolearn.Whenyou’refarming,youhavetoputsurvivalfirst.(把农业当作一种理想主义的实际形式，这可能是年轻人必须学习

的最重要的东西。当你种地的时候，你必须把生存放在第一位)”可推断，作者认为StevenEaton的建议还是很接地气的而有价值的。故选D项。7.（2022·天津·一模）Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewi

shingtheywereyoungagain.Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains,andthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachage

giveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.Childhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiestomakelifedifficult.Ifachildhasgo

odparents,heisfed,lookedafterandloved,whateverhemaydo.Itisimpossiblethathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtod

oanythinginreturn.Inaddition,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingstothechild—thingsthathavelosttheirinterestforolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoowell-known.Buta

childhashisparents,heisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothingsorbeingpunishedforwhathehasdonewron

g.Whentheyoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom,

buthastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,hewillgohungry.Andif

hebreaksthelawsofsocietyasheusedtobreakthelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.If,however,heworkshard,kee

psoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealth,hecanhavethegreathappinessofbuildingupforhimselfhisownpositioninsociety.25．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,thewri

terthinksthat_______.A．onlychildrenareinterestedinlifeB．lifeforachildiscomparativelyeasyC．achildisalwayslovedwhateverhedoesD．ifmuchisgiventoac

hild,hemustdosomethinginreturn26．Afterachildgrowsup,he________.A．willhavelittletimeplayingB．hastobes

uccessfulinfindingajobC．canstillaskforhelpintimeoftroubleD．shouldbeabletotakecareofhimself27．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepa

ssage?A．Peopleareoftensatisfiedwiththeirlife.B．Lifeislessinterestingforoldpeople.C．Adultsarefreertodowhattheywanttodo.D．Adultsshouldnolon

gerrelyonothers.28．Themainideaofthepassageis_________.A．lifeisnotenjoyablesinceeachagehassomepainsB．youngmencanhavethegreatesthappines

siftheyworkhardC．childhoodisthemoreenjoyabletimeinone’slifeD．oneisthehappiestifhecanmakegooduseofeachageinhislife29．Theparagraphfollowin

gthispassagewillmostprobablydiscuss_________.A．examplesofsuccessfulyoungmenB．howtobuildupone’spositioninsocietyC．pleasuresandpain

sofoldpeopleD．whattodowhenonehasproblemsinlife【答案】25．B26．D27．A28．D29．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。25．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Chil

dhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiestomakelifedifficult.Ifachildhasgoodparents,heisfed,lookedafter

andloved,whateverhemaydo.Itisimpossiblethathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythin

ginreturn.(童年是一个几乎没有责任让生活变得困难的时期。如果一个孩子有好的父母，无论他做什么，他都会得到喂养、照顾和关爱。他不可能在一生中再次得到如此多的东西而不做任何回报)”推知，作者认为孩子的生活相对容易。故选B。26．细节理解题。根据第

三段的“Whentheyoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom,buthastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.(当一

个年轻人开始自己谋生时，他就不能再指望别人为他支付衣食住行，如果他想生活得舒适，他就必须工作)”可知，孩子长大后就应该有能力照顾自己。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,an

doldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain.(人们经常听到孩子们希望自己长大，老人们希望自己再次年轻)”可知，人们并不总是对自己的生活感到满意。A项“人们通常对他们的生活感到满意”与原文内容不符。故选A。28．主旨大意题。根据第

一段的“Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains,andthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.(每个年龄段都有它的

快乐和痛苦，最幸福的人是享受每个年龄段给予他的东西而不在无用的悔恨中浪费时间的人)”并结合下文讨论儿童和年轻人生活中的快乐和痛苦可知，本文主要为了表明一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Eachagehasitspleasuresand

itspains,andthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.(每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦，最幸福的人是享受每个年龄段给予他的东西而不在无用的悔恨中

浪费时间的人)”并结合第二、三段分别讨论儿童和年轻人生活中的快乐和痛苦推知，下文应讨论老人生活中的快乐和痛苦。故选C。8.（2022·全国·一模）ImajorinMechanicalEngineeri

ngandPoliticalScience.WhensomeonehearswhatIstudy,I’musuallymeantwithtworeactions.Firstupisasmallsmilew

iththeword“overachiever”onthetipoftheirtongue.Thesecondisalookofconfusion,followedbyanexaggerated(夸张的)“why?”

.Theshortanswer:Iwanttobeaproblemsolver,andengineeringteachesmehowtobecomethattypeofperson.Inaddition,Ialsowanttobeableto

lookatthebiggerpicture.It’sthebeginningofanewyear,andalotoffirst-yearshaveplansfordoubleortriplemajors.However,asmostofusquicklyrealizea

fterthatfirstfallsemester,collegeisalot!Weareunavoidablyforcedtomakechoices—dowekeeptryingtomakeourdoubleortriplemajorsworkordowecompletelys

witchgears?ThethingIwishedsomeonetoldmeondayoneisifyou’repassionateaboutsomething,it’snotgoingtofeellikewo

rk.PoliticalSciencecanbechallenging,buttome,it’sfuntoreadtheConstitution(宪法)andseetheimpacteachwordhas

onourinterpretation.Thismaysoundhardtoaccept,butifyouaredoubleortriplemajoringbecauseyouthinkyou’reinaracewithyourpeers,you’reonlyr

unningyourselfintotheground.Don’tdoubleortriplemajorifyouaredoingitforamarkonyourresume(简历),becausethenyourlifewil

lbealivinghellforthenextfouryears.Whatisgoingtomakeyouimpressiveisthepassionthatyouhave—whetheritbeinyourstudy,

career,orsomethingelseyourcareerandstudywillenableyoutodo.Alwaysthinkaboutyour“why”whenitcomestothescheduleadoubleor

triplemajorentails.Becauseattheendoftheday,it’sgoingtobeyoudoingthehomework—sotrytoenjoywhatyou’redoingalo

ngtherideforwhatit’sworth.30．Howdopeopletendtofeelaboutthewriter’smajors?A．Impressedorpuzzled.B．Ashamedorchallenged.C．Sat

isfiedorconfused.D．Amazedorconcerned.31．WhatenablesthewritertoenjoylearningPoliticalScience?A．ThevalueofstudyingtheConstitution.B．Theinfluenceoflea

rningengineering.C．Hiscareerplanningforthefuture.D．Hisenthusiasmforthemajor.32．Accordingtotheauthor,w

hatcausesmultiplemajors’hardsituationincollege?A．Adjustingthescheduleformajorsconstantly.B．Pursuingmultiplemajorsoutofcompetitivemotivation.C

．Makingrandomchoiceswithoutsufficientconsideration.D．Estimatingthedifficultyofmultiplemajoringinaccurately.33．Whatistheauthor’spur

poseofwritingthetext?A．Topromotetheconceptofmultiplemajoring.B．Toexplainthereasonsforchoosingadoublemajor.C．Tocomparethegainsandlossesofmultiple

majoring.D．Tostressthesignificanceofpassioninmultiplemajoring.【答案】30．A31．D32．B33．D【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述大学生不要盲目为了竞争而选择多个专业，一定要是因为热情和激情才去选择多个专业。30．

细节理解题。根据第一段“WhensomeonehearswhatIstudy,I’musuallymeantwithtworeactions.Firstupisasmallsmilewiththeword“overachiever”on

thetipoftheirtongue.Thesecondisalookofconfusion,followedbyanexaggerated(夸张的)“why?”.”(当有人听到我学习的内容时，我通常会有两种反应。首先是一个小

小的微笑并且说“太有成就了”。第二种是困惑的表情，接着是夸张的“为什么？”。)可知，当人们听到作者的专业时，有的会很佩服，有的是很困惑。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据第二段“PoliticalSciencecanbechallenging,b

uttome,it’sfuntoreadtheConstitution(宪法)andseetheimpacteachwordhasonourinterpretation.”(政治学可能具有挑战性，但对我来说，阅读《宪法》，看看每一个字对我们的解释有什么影响是很有

趣的。)和第三段“Whatisgoingtomakeyouimpressiveisthepassionthatyouhave-whetheritbeinyourstudy,career,orsomethingelseyourcareerandstu

dywillenableyoutodo.”(让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。)可知，是热情和激情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。故选D。32．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thismaysoundh

ardtoaccept,butifyouaredoubleortriplemajoringbecauseyouthinkyou’reinaracewithyourpeers,you’reonlyrunningyourselfintotheground.Don’tdoubleortriplem

ajorifyouaredoingitforamarkonyourresume(简历),becausethenyourlifewillbealivinghellforthenextfouryears.”(这听起来可能很难接受，但如果你是双主修或三主修，因为你认为你在与同龄

人竞争，你只是把自己撞到地上。如果你是为了简历上的一个分数而选择双主修或三主修，那么你的生活在接下来的四年里将是一个地狱。)可知，在作者看来，选择多个专业让大学生们处在糟糕的状况的原因是，他们只是为了在跟同龄人竞争才选择多个专业的。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Whatisgoin

gtomakeyouimpressiveisthepassionthatyouhave-whetheritbeinyourstudy,career,orsomethingelseyourcareerand

studywillenableyoutodo.”(让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。)和最后一段“Alwaysthinkaboutyour“why”whenitcomestothescheduleado

ubleortriplemajorentails.Becauseattheendoftheday,it’sgoingtobeyoudoingthehomework-sotrytoenjoywhatyou’redo

ingalongtherideforwhatit’sworth.”(当涉及到一个双主修或三主修课程的时间表时，一定要考虑你的“为什么”。因为在一天结束的时候，是你自己在做家庭作业，所以试着享受你在旅途中所做的一切，因为它是值得的。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是在建议人们要带着激情去

选择专业，强调激情在多专业中的重要性。故选D。9.（2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumco

mputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistC

hrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratoryc

uriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantumm

achinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresea

rchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep."What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotential

lyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadin

vestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeepthei

rpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofex

citement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabl

etounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlya

nsweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype.buthesaysthos

econcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”

quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnatu

rallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“

byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinqu

antumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.34．HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutTobnson’sconcerns?A．Approving.B．UnconcernedC．Doubtful.D．Excited.

35．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics.B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．Hisconfidencei

nPyQuantum.D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open.B．Cool.C．Useful.D．Resist

ant.37．Whichwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnol

ogy?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantunComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】34．A35．C36．A37．D【导语】

本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,resear

chersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkee

ptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.(随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导

投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.(但我相信

泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobu

ildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscoun

tmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很

大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。36．词义猜测题。根据第三段“But

somethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushou

ldn’tbeabletounderstand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代

表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。故选A。37．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,

ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirectio

n.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反

的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims

?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.(PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道

。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐

明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。10.（2022·浙江·模拟预测）It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulmagazinecoverstory“IloveMy

Children,IHateMyLife”isarousingmuchchatter—nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatbringingupachildisnotacompletelyfulfilling,life-enr

ichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitasso

methingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbee

xtremelyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdamageourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensecontentanddelight.”Them

agazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutn

ewlyadoptive—andnewlysingle—momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweek

featuresatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreatio

n(繁衍),isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparether

egretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildren.Unhappyparentsrarelyareencouragedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadk

ids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviously

theirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthewide-openbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUSWeeklyan

dPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludi

ngthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartne

rtoleanon;yettohearcelebritiestellit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.Itishardtoimaginet

hatmanypeoplearestupidenoughtowantchildrenbecauseitlookssofantastic—mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butitisinterestingtowonderifth

eimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycont

ributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartofthewaycelebritieslivemightmakeuslook

justalittlebitlikethem.38．JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring________.A．verytemporarydelightB．greatenjoymenti

nprogressC．happinessinone’smemoryD．concernoverloveandhatred39．Paragraph2isintendedtoshowthat________.A．celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgos

sip.B．singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.C．newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.D．ha

vingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.40．Accordingtothepassage,thosechildlessfolks________.A．arelesslikelytobesati

sfiedwiththeirlifeB．arelargelyignoredbythemedia.C．failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.D．areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.

41．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.B．Celebritymomshaveinfluencedo

urattitudetowardschildraising.C．Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.D．Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildraising.【答案】38．C39．D40．

D41．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是抚养孩子和幸福的关系。38．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymo

ment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tenseconditionEventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingk

idscanbeextremelyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdamageourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensecontentanddel

ight.”.(Senior建议，我们需要重新定义幸福，而不是认为孩子让父母快乐或痛苦。我们不应该认为幸福是可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的，而应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。尽管抚养孩子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但Senior写

道:“正是那些心绪沉重的时刻，日后可能会成为我们快乐的来源。)”可知，JenniferSenior在她的文章中建议抚养孩子可以带来记忆中的幸福，故选C。39．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Themagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholding

acutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–mo

mSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smil

ingonthenewsstands.(在杂志封面上，一位迷人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿，这并不是本周报摊上唯一一张麦当娜和孩子的照片。此外，还有关于刚当上养母和单身母亲的桑德拉·布洛克的故事，以及常见的“詹妮弗·安妮

斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。实际上，每周至少有一位明星妈妈或准妈妈在报摊上微笑。)”可知，本段主要展示的是公众非常重视生孩子。故选D。40．推理判断题。根据第三段的“unhappychildlessfolksarebothe

redwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthewide-open

baby-sizeholesintheirlives(不但是那不幸福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”，显然，你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。)”可知，那些没有孩子的人经常受到批评。故选D。41．推理判断题。根据

最后一段的“Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodar

en’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartofth

ewaycelebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.(但有趣的是，我们想知道，我们每周看到的无压力、提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满，就像我们中有一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式

，可能会让我们看起来有点像他们)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。故选B。