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专题05议论文专练一1.（2022春·湖北武汉·高三武汉市第一中学校考阶段练习）Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureau

cratic(官僚主义的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equi

ppedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotchanget

hefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit.Infact,theb

lue-collarandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkersandemployeesar

eanxious,seeminglybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajobortheywouldsaythattheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Infact

,theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanb

eings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessempty.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetiti

verace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjo

b,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissiveness(顺从)andindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretest

edagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacityto

getalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxiet

yandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteent

h-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformin

goursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustriali

sminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialitiesaretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveasmean

stothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1．By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”,theauthorexpressestheideathatmanis.A．areplaceableco

mponentofsociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothlyB．expectedtoworkinreasonableharmonywiththerestofsocietyC．res

ponsibleforthesmoothrunningofsocietyandbusinessoperationsD．anessentialpartofsocietythoughindividual’sfunctionisinsignificant2．Therealcauseofthe

anxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat.A．theyhavetofacethefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceB．theyarefilledwiththewell-foundedfea

rofbeingunemployedC．theydon’thaveanygenuinesatisfactionorinterestinreallifeD．theyareforcedtogiveuptheirindi

vidualityandindependence3．Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothosewho.A．holdwell-paidandlife-longjobsB．enjoyhighsocialstatusand

reputationC．stayawayfromover-competitivenessD．outperformtheirfellow-competitors4．Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthors

uggeststheweshould.A．turntotheproductionmodeofourancestorsB．enablemantofullydevelophispotentialitiesC．offerhigherwagestoworke

rsandemployeesD．takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．B【导语】本文为一篇议论文，作者认为，在现代官僚主义管理制度下，人出现普遍焦虑的现象，为了摆脱这一现状，社会制度应该向鼓励人及

其潜能充分开发的人文主义工业转变。1．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-equippedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;

yetallthisoilingdoesnotchangethefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandheisboredwithit

.(起润滑作用的是更高的工资、设备完善的工厂和播放的音乐以及心理学家和“人际关系”专家；然而，所有这些润滑并不能改变这样一个事实：人已经变得无能为力，他不再全心全意地参与工作，他对工作感到厌倦)”可推断，通过“well-oil

edcoginthemachinery(机器上润滑良好的齿轮)”，作者认为，尽管运行平稳，人却是社会一个可替代的组成部分，地位无足轻重。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Infact,theyliveanddiewit

houteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.(事实上，他们在活着和死去的时候，

从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实)”可知，工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被迫放弃自己的个性和独立性。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Thisconstantneedtoprovethatone

isasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.(这种持续不

断地需要证明自己与竞争对手一样好或更好的需要，导致了持续不断的焦虑和压力，这正是不快乐和疾病的根源)”可知，作者认为，过多的竞争导致的焦虑和压力是不快乐的根源，因此，生活中真正的幸福属于那些远离过度竞争的人。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Isuggesttra

nsformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialismi

nwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialitiesaretheaimsofsocialarrangements.(我建议把我们的社会制度，从以最大限度的生产和最大限度的消费为目的的官僚主义管理下的工业主义，转变为以人及其潜能的充分开发为社会安排目的的人文

主义工业主义)”可知，为了解决目前的社会问题，作者建议我们应该使人充分开发自己的潜力。故选B。2.（2021·浙江·天台中学校考模拟预测）Areyouamoviegoer?If,likeme,you’reafanoffilm,thenthere’snobett

erplacetowatchsomethingthanonthebigscreenatthecinema.Youenterthedarktheatreandtakeyourseat,readytobeentertained.Butwhi

leyouareabsorbedinsomemoviemagic,manyothersarenowgettingtheirfilmfixathome.Overthelastfewyears,cinemashaveseena

comeback.Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats,andlotsofchoiceofthingstowatch.Multiplexesinpart

icularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime,suitingalldifferenttastes.Inaddition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanext

raimmersiveexperience.So,what’snottolikeaboutatriptothecinema?Oneanswertothatquestionisconvenience.Rathert

hangoingout,it’ssomucheasiertostayinandwatchmoviesonaTVscreenviaanonlinestreamingservice.There’splentyofchoice,andit’srelativelycheapaswell.

But,personally,Ifindthere’retoomanydistractions,andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.Imissthecinema!Thecoronaviruspandem

ichasputthefutureofcinemasunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclosebecauseofreducedticketsales.IntheUK,it’sbroughtaboutasurgeinTVwatchingandonlinestr

eaming.It’sreportedthathalfofUKadultswillkeepandcontinueusingtheirnewstreamingsubscriptions.Thisisn’tgreatnewsforcinemas.Theyrelyontherele

aseofabigblockbustertobringthecrowdsback,butthelaunchofnewfilms,suchasJamesBond:NoTimeToDie,arebeingdel

ayed.Disneyhasreleasedits$200mblockbuster,Mulan,onlineinsteadofinmovietheatres.JohnFithian,fromtheNationalAssociationofTheatreOwners,told

Varietymagazine:“Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomakeyourmoviesmoreprofitabledoesn’tmakesensetome.Therewon’tbeasmuc

hofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.”5．What’smainlytalkedaboutinparagraph2?A．Whypeopledon’tliketogo

tothecinema.B．Whathashelpedcinemasmakeacomeback.C．Howcinemashavedevelopedinthelastfewyears.D．Whethercinemascanremainpopularinthefuture.6．Whatdo

estheauthorsayaboutwatchingfilmsathome?A．Itcanhardlysuitalldifferenttastes.B．It’stime-consumingduetodistractions.C．Itoffersavarietyof

filmsfreeofcharge.D．It’snotasenjoyableanexperienceasgoingtocinemas.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inparagraph4mean?A．Suddenincrease.B

．Short-termbenefit.C．potentialinfluence.D．Fiercecompetition.8．WhichviewwouldJohnFithianagreewith?A．Thereleaseofblockbustersca

nnotbringthecrowdsback.B．Thepandemichasn’thadagreateffectonthefilmindustry.C．Delayingthereleaseofblockbusterscanbringinmorepr

ofits.D．Releasingfilmsonlineisanalternativeduringthepandemic.【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就疫情影响下的电影业未来进行了论述，作者比起在家，更喜欢去电影院看电影。5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ov

erthelastfewyears,cinemashaveseenacomeback.Customershavebeenattractedbycomfortableseats,andlotsofchoic

eofthingstowatch.Multiplexesinparticularcanscreenuptotwentyfilmsatthesametime,suitingalldifferenttastes.Inad

dition,3Dandeven4Dmoviescangivetheaudienceanextraimmersiveexperience.(在过去的几年里，电影院已经卷土重来。舒适的座椅和众多的观赏选择吸引

了顾客。特别是多厅影院，可以同时放映20部电影，适合各种口味。此外，3D甚至4D电影可以给观众带来额外的身临其境的体验。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是电影院又流行起来的原因，故选B项。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But,personally,Ifi

ndthere’retoomanydistractions,andwatchingathomeisnotsuchanevent.(但就我个人而言，我发现有太多让人分心的事情，在家看电影完全不是那么回事)”可推知，作者在家看电影没有在影院看电影那种愉快的感受。故选D项。7．词义猜测题。根据画线词上文

“Thecoronaviruspandemichasputthefutureofcinemasunderthespotlight.Somehavehadtoclosebecauseofreducedticketsales.”以及后文“inTVwatchingandonlinestreaming

”可知，疫情对影院有极大的影响：一些影院由于门票销售减少而不得不关闭。影院的关闭后，看电视和在线流媒体的数量应该激增。故画线词意思是“突然增多”。故选A项。8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Disneyhasreleasedits$200mblockbu

ster,Mulan,onlineinsteadofinmovietheatres.Thisideaofwaitingoutthepandemictomakeyourmoviesmoreprofitable

doesn’tmakesensetome.Therewon’tbeasmuchofanindustrylefttoplayyourmoviesinifyoudothat.(迪士尼已将其2亿美元的大片《花木兰》从影院改为在线发布。在我看来，等待疫情结束让你的电影更赚钱的想法

是没有意义的。如果你这样做，就不会有那么多的产业可以播放你的电影了)”可推知，他是支持疫情期间不要延迟上映新的电影，在网上上映不失为一种好的选择。故选C项。3.（2021秋·吉林长春·高三长春吉大附中实验学校校考

阶段练习）Ifyouwereborninthe2000s,youarecalledtheoh-ohs.The21stcentury.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,

global,andnodoubtsmart.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatdootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?Someadultsworrythatyou’remoreinterestedinthescreenin

frontofyouthantheworldaroundyou.Theythinkofyouasthe“face-downgeneration”becauseyouuseyourphonesomuchandtheywonderhowyo

uwilldealwithschool,friends,andfamily.Aretoday’steenagerstoobusytextingandtakingselfiestobecomesuccessfulinreallife?Otheradultsworrythattoday’s

youtharespoilt(溺爱)anddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlife.Manychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swerer

aisedby“helicopterparents”whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelpthemwithabusyschedulefilledwithhomeworkandafter-scho

olactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.Withparentswhodoeverythingforthem,today’syouthseemtoprefertoliveliketeenagersevenwhentheyareint

heir20sor30s.Doestheface-downgenerationneedaheads-up?Well,probablynot.Thefactisthatmanyoftoday’steenagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpas

tgenerations.Theyseemtobewillingtobecomeleaders.Moreyoungpeoplethanevervolunteertohelptheircommunities.Therearealsobraveyo

ungpeoplesuchasMalalaYousafzai,theteenagerwhowonthe2014NobelPeacePrizeforpushinggirls’rightstogotoschool.Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-o

hs,there’sreasontobehopefulaboutthefuture.Thingsarelookingupfortheface-downgeneration.ChancesarethatyouwilldoGR8(great)andLOL(laughoutlo

ud).9．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Toshowapublicconcern.B．Tostartadebate.C．Toexplainascientificterm.D．Tointroducetheto

pic.10．Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingmayworrysomeadults?A．Oh-ohs’pooreyesight.B．Oh-ohs’tightschedules.C．Oh-ohs’lackofindependence

.D．Oh-ohs’strongcreativity.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“heads-up”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Earlywarning.B．Warmwelcome.C．Effec

tivemedicine.D．Sincereencouragement.12．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Theauthorisoneoftheoh-ohs.B．Oh-ohsarelikelytohaveabrightfuture.C．Oh-ohswillspendl

esstimeonphones.D．Oh-ohswillmeetmorechallengesthanadults.【答案】9．D10．C11．A12．B【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述对在21世纪出生的一代年轻人的看法。9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Ifyouwereborninth

e2000s,youarecalledtheoh-ohs.The21stcentury.Thatwouldmakeyouyoung,creative,connected,global,andnodoubtsmart.Maybegood-looking,too.Right?Butwhatd

ootherpeoplethinkaboutyourgeneration?（如果你出生在21世纪，你会被叫作oh-ohs。21世纪使你变得年轻、有创造力、有联系的、全球化的并且无疑是聪明的。或许也是长得好看的。对吗？但是其他人怎么认为你们这一代呢？）”可

知，文章第一段引出oh-ohs这一话题，故选D项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段“Otheradultsworrythattoday’syoutharespoilt(溺爱)anddon’twanttofacethechallengesofadultlife.M

anychildrenborninthe1990sand2000swereraisedby“helicopterparents”whowerealwaystheretoguideandhelpthemwithabusyschedulefilledwit

hhomeworkandafter-schoolactivitiessuchasdancing,drawing,orsports.（其他大人们担心今天的年轻人被溺爱并且不想面对成人生活的挑战。许多出生在20世纪90年代和21世纪的孩子被直升机式的父母抚

养。这些父母总是用忙碌的作息表、作业和课后活动指导和帮助孩子，例如：跳舞、画画或运动。）”可知，oh-ohs一代总是有父母帮着规划生活和学习，他们并不独立。所以缺乏独立性会使大人们担心，故选C项。11．词义猜测题。根据第四段“Well,probablynot.Thef

actisthatmanyoftoday’steenagersarebettereducatedandmorecreativethanpastgenerations.（当然，可能不。事实上今天的许多青少年比上一代人受到了更好的教育并且更有创造力。）

”可知not表示否定，即不需要heads-up。再根据本句是对oh-ohs一代的表扬和积极的概括，可推断heads-up是个消极词汇，故选A项。12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Soifyou’reoneoftheoh-ohs,there’sreasontobehopefulaboutthe

future.（所以如果你是oh-ohs中的一个，有理由对将来充满希望。）”可知，oh-ohs一代会拥有一个光明的未来，故选B项。4.（2021·江苏常州·常州高级中学校考二模）Doyoulikewritingafewparagraphsevery

dayaboutyourexperiences,hopes,memoriesorfeelings?Ifyoudon't,it'stimetomakeachangenow.Hereiswhy.Youwillgraduallybecomebetteratexpressingyou

rself.WhenIamforcedtowriteeverydaybecauseofabookdeadline(最后期限),Iamalwaysamazedathowquicklymywritingandver

bal(口头的)communicationskillsimprove.Whenwebecomelazywithwords,itismoredifficulttodescribefeelings,shareexperi

encesandmakeourselvesunderstood.Youwillrememberthingslongforgotten.Asyouwriteaboutmemories,itislikeo

peninganoldphotoalbum.Yourpenbeginstoexplorefeelingsanddetailsyouhaveforgotten,anddreamsyouhaveleftbehind.You

suddenlyrememberpeopleyouwouldliketocontactagain.Writingisanactivitythatavoidsdistractions(分心)longenoughforyoutoexplor

ethosewonderfulmomentsofthepast.Sometimestheyarefrightening.Sometimestheyarewonderfulandalmostalwaystheyarehelp

ful.Writingaboutdailyexperiencesandfeelingsprovidesarecordedhistorythatwillinfluencehowyoumakefuturedecisions.There'sareasonthatthegrea

testleadersinhistorywerestudentsofhistory.Theylearnedfromwhathadhappenedbefore.Yourhistoryisimportant.Don'tletitbeforgotten.Writing

remindsyouofyourdreamsandkeepsyoumovingtowardthem.Itisameansofkeepingtrackofyourpurposeandthegoalsthatwilllea

dyoutoachievethem.Reviewingwhatyouhavewrittenisaperfectwaytoseeyourprogressandtoshowwhenyouhavebeendistractedandmayneedtogiveallyourattention

againtoyourwriting.Writingalittleeverydaycouldprovidethematerialthatsomedaybecomesapublishedbook.WhenIwroteaboutmyfour-

year-oldgranddaughterwhohadlostinthemountains,Ineverdreameditwouldbeinabook.13．Whatdidtheauthorwanttoshow

bygivingtheexampleinParagraph2?A．Weshouldn'tbelazywithwords.B．Adeadlineencouragesustoworkhard.C．Writinghelpsusbetterexpressou

rselves.D．There'regoodwaystoimproveourwritingskills,14．AccordingtoParagraph3,whatdoeswritinghelpusdo?A．Improveour

memoryquickly.B．Thinkofourpastexperiences.C．Successfullyachieveourdreams.D．Explorehappymomentsinothers'lives.15．WhatdoesParagraph5mainlyte

llaboutwriting?A．Itcanbeencouraging.B．Itcanbedistracting.C．Itcanbedisappointing.D．Itcanbeinteresting.16．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepass

age?A．Totellhowtopublishbooksoneday.B．Toexplainwhytheauthorloveswriting.C．Totellhowtoimproveourwritingskills.D．Toencourageustowriteabo

utourliveseveryday.【答案】13．C14．B15．A16．D【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为每天坚持写作是非常有好处的，并从五个方面证明了自己的观点。13．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Youwillgraduall

ybecomebetteratexpressingyourself.”（你会逐渐变得更善于表达自己。）可知，本段主要讲了写作对自我表达的好处。作者随后举例子也是想证明写作可以帮助我们更好地表达自己。故选C项。14．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Writingisanactivitythat

avoidsdistractions(分心)longenoughforyoutoexplorethosewonderfulmomentsofthepast.”可知，写作是这样一种活动，它可以让你避免分心太久，让你去探索过去那些美妙的时刻。也就是说，我们可以通过写作来重新思考和回忆过去的经历。

故选B项。15．主旨大意题。首句“Writingremindsyouofyourdreamsandkeepsyoumovingtowardthem.”（写作让你想起自己的梦想，让你不断朝着梦想前进。）是本段的中心句，可知全段都在写写作对于梦想和目

标的推动作用。选项A中的encouraging意为：令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的。与中心句意思一致。故选A项。16．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Ifyoudon't,it'stimetomakeachangenow.Hereiswhy.”（如果你不喜欢，现在是

时候做出改变了，以下是原因。）可知，全文内容都是作者列举的要养成写作习惯的原因。那么作者写这些原因的目的显然是说服读者“makeachangenow”做出改变，即：养成每天写一点东西的习惯。故选D项。5.（2022·上海闵行·统考一模）Buildi

nggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionov

erall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintob

ikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunde

rstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivi

ngmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthof

suburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedef

forttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—bya

ddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswit

hfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,andschools.Asaresult,governments

areforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,p

eoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(拥堵)isn’tanen

vironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengin

eershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroads

makestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroad

s,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavet

hesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationpla

nsisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromo

tesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspect

ive,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.17．Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare___

___.A．notwidelysupportedB．costlytocarryoutC．generallyrecognizedD．temporarilybeneficial18．Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordri

versisreduced?A．Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.B．Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.C．Driverswillbemorewillingtolivef

artherfromtheirworkingplace.D．Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfund

ing.19．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?A．Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandsho

uldbecarriedoutimmediately.B．Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.C．Theywilldefin

itelyarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D．Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomic

alandproductive.20．Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______.A．supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyi

ncreasetraffic.B．opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C．provideabalance

betweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D．indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.【答案】1

7．A18．C19．B20．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支

持自己的观点。17．推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。

18．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirt

raveltimewon’tchange.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。19

．推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Trafficcongestion(拥堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganything

toreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbui

ldingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵

只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。20．主旨大意题。根据文章第

一段第三句“Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“Nooneeve

rpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmenta

lperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值

得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。6.（2022秋·河北邯郸·高三校联考阶段练习）Lastsummer,StevenE

atonreceivedmorethan200youngpeopleonhisorganicfarm.Noneofthemsaidthattheywantedtomakemoneyfromfarming.Someofthemdescribeditasakindofprotestag

ainsttheideathatsuccessmeansabigpaycheckandmanytookitasameanstoprotecttheenvironment.StevenEatonunderstandssuc

hidealists(理想主义者)andhewasoneofthemaboutadecadeago.In2010,hewasinalawschoolinWashington,DC,butnotenjoyin

gitmuch.ThenheappliedtoworkonafarminWestVirginiainsummer.“IfeltlostwhenIwasinthecity.It’sinthefieldthatIfoundpeaceandha

rmonyinmylife,”recallsEaton,whonowrunsanorganicfarmclosetoNewYorkCity.“SoIwentbacktoWestVirginiaaftergraduation.

”Farming—theindependenceandtheconnectiontosomethingasrealassoilandfood—wastheonethingthathewantedtothrowhimselfinto.Andhe’sbeendoingi

teversince.Butitwasn’talwaysabighappyfolkdance.“IhadalotoffailuresinthefirstcoupleofyearsandIdidn’treallyknowwhatIwasdoing,”helaughs.Eve

ntually,helearnedtoberealisticaboutfarming.“It’sgoodtobeanidealist.Butifyou’regoingtostickwithit,andexpecttomakealivingatit,you’v

egottoberealisticaboutthebusinessaspects:Money,managingmoney,borrowingmoney,andallthethingsthatabusinesspersonhastodo.Yo

uhavetolearntolikethatandbewillingtobegoodatthat.Thatmayevenmeanburningalittlemorefossilfuel,soyoucangety

ourproducetocities,wherepeoplepayhigherprices.”Thatsenseoffarmingasapracticalformofidealismisprobablythebiggestthingtheyoungpeoplehavetolearn.W

henyou’refarming,youhavetoputsurvivalfirst.21．Whydidmanyoftheyoungpeoplewanttobecomefarmers?A．Tomakealotofmoney.B．Toapply

theirlearningtopractice.C．Toprotecttheenvironment.D．Tostudythepollutioninagriculture.22．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesStev

enEatonasalawstudent?A．Idealistic.B．Realistic.C．Selfless.D．Successful.23．WhatmessagedoesStevenEatonwanttoconveytotheyoungpeople?A．Putenvi

ronmentbeforeprofit.B．Berealisticaboutthebusinessaspects.C．Sticktoyouridealismforever.D．Findamucheasierjobthanfarming.24．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofSte

venEaton’sadvice?A．Outdated.B．Useless.C．Funny.D．Valuable.【答案】21．C22．A23．B24．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为年轻人在选择职业时可以有一定的理想主义成分。但是，在从事具体的工作时就得脚踏实地，知道妥协，不走极端。21

．细节理解题。根据第一段“Noneofthemsaidthattheywantedtomakemoneyfromfarming.Someofthemdescribeditasakindofprotestagainsttheideathatsuccessmeansabigpa

ycheckandmanytookitasameanstoprotecttheenvironment.(他们中没有一个人说过他们想从务农中赚钱。他们中的一些人认为这是对成功意味着高薪的一种抗议，许多人认为这是一种保护环境

的手段)”可知很多年轻人想成为农民是为了保护环境。故选C项。22．细节理解题。根据第二段“StevenEatonunderstandssuchidealistsandhewasoneofthemaboutadecadeago

.(史蒂文·伊顿(StevenEaton)了解这些理想主义者，大约十年前他就是其中之一)”可知，StevenEaton在法学院读书时也是一个理想主义者。故选A项。23．细节理解题。根据第七段“Butifyou’regoi

ngtostickwithit,andexpecttomakealivingatit,you’vegottoberealisticaboutthebusinessaspects:Money,managin

gmoney,borrowingmoney,andallthethingsthatabusinesspersonhastodo.Youhavetolearntolikethatandbewillingtobegoodatthat.Thatmayevenmeanburningalitt

lemorefossilfuel,soyoucangetyourproducetocities,wherepeoplepayhigherprices.(但如果你打算坚持下去，并期望以此为生，你就必须对商业方面的问题保持现实的态度：钱、理财、借钱，以及所有商

业人士必须做的事情。你必须学会喜欢它，并愿意做好它。这甚至可能意味着燃烧更多的化石燃料，这样你就可以把你的产品送到城市，那里的人们支付更高的价格)”可知，StevenEaton希望年轻人对农场的经营应该务实些。故选B项。24．推理判断题。根据最

后一段“Thatsenseoffarmingasapracticalformofidealismisprobablythebiggestthingtheyoungpeoplehavetolearn.Wheny

ou’refarming,youhavetoputsurvivalfirst.(把农业当作一种理想主义的实际形式，这可能是年轻人必须学习的最重要的东西。当你种地的时候，你必须把生存放在第一位)”可推断，作者认为StevenEaton的建议还是很接地气的而有价值的。故选D项。7.（2022·天津·一

模）Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain.Eachagehasitspleasur

esanditspains,andthehappiestpersonistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.Chil

dhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiestomakelifedifficult.Ifachildhasgoodparents,heisfed,lookedafterandloved,whateverhemaydo.Itis

impossiblethathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.Inaddition,lifeisalwayspresentingnewthingst

othechild—thingsthathavelosttheirinterestforolderpeoplebecausetheyaretoowell-known.Butachildhashisparents,

heisnotsofreetodowhathewishestodo;heiscontinuallybeingtoldnottodothingsorbeingpunishedforwhathehasdonewron

g.Whentheyoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom,buthast

oworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.Ifhespendsmostofhistimeplayingaboutinthewaythatheusedtoasachild,hewillgohungry.Andifhebreaksthelawsofsoc

ietyasheusedtobreakthelawsofhisparents,hemaygotoprison.If,however,heworkshard,keepsoutoftroubleandhasgoodhealth,hecanhavethe

greathappinessofbuildingupforhimselfhisownpositioninsociety.25．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,thewriterthinksthat

_______.A．onlychildrenareinterestedinlifeB．lifeforachildiscomparativelyeasyC．achildisalwayslovedwhateverhedoesD．ifmuchisgiventoachild,hemustdosome

thinginreturn26．Afterachildgrowsup,he________.A．willhavelittletimeplayingB．hastobesuccessfulinfindingajobC．canstillaskforhelpintimeoftr

oubleD．shouldbeabletotakecareofhimself27．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peopleareoftensatisfiedwiththeirlife.B．Li

feislessinterestingforoldpeople.C．Adultsarefreertodowhattheywanttodo.D．Adultsshouldnolongerrelyonothers.28．Themainideaofthepassageis

_________.A．lifeisnotenjoyablesinceeachagehassomepainsB．youngmencanhavethegreatesthappinessiftheyworkhardC．childhoodisthemo

reenjoyabletimeinone’slifeD．oneisthehappiestifhecanmakegooduseofeachageinhislife29．Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewillmost

probablydiscuss_________.A．examplesofsuccessfulyoungmenB．howtobuildupone’spositioninsocietyC．pleasuresandpainsofoldpeopleD．wha

ttodowhenonehasproblemsinlife【答案】25．B26．D27．A28．D29．C【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。25．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Ch

ildhoodisatimewhentherearefewresponsibilitiestomakelifedifficult.Ifachildhasgoodparents,heisfed,lookedafterandloved,whateverhemaydo.Itisimpossib

lethathewilleveragaininhislifebegivensomuchwithouthavingtodoanythinginreturn.(童年是一个几乎没有责任让生活变得困难的时期。如果一个孩子有好的父母，无论他做什么，他都会得到喂养、照顾和关爱。他不可能在一生中再次

得到如此多的东西而不做任何回报)”推知，作者认为孩子的生活相对容易。故选B。26．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Whentheyoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherst

opayforhisfood,hisclothes,andhisroom,buthastoworkifhewantstolivecomfortably.(当一个年轻人开始自己谋生时，他就不能再指望别人为他支付衣食住行，如果他想生活得舒适，他就必须工作)”

可知，孩子长大后就应该有能力照顾自己。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Howoftenonehearschildrenwishingtheyweregrownup,andoldpeoplewishingtheywereyoungagain.(人们经常听到孩子们希望自己长大，老人们希望自己

再次年轻)”可知，人们并不总是对自己的生活感到满意。A项“人们通常对他们的生活感到满意”与原文内容不符。故选A。28．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains,andthehappiestpersonistheon

ewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.(每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦，最幸福的人是享受每个年龄段给予他的东西而不在无用的悔恨中浪费时间的人)

”并结合下文讨论儿童和年轻人生活中的快乐和痛苦可知，本文主要为了表明一个人如果能很好地利用生命中的每一个年龄，他就是最幸福的。故选D。29．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Eachagehasitspleasuresanditspains,andthehappiestpers

onistheonewhoenjoyswhateachagegiveshimwithoutwastinghistimeinuselessregrets.(每个年龄段都有它的快乐和痛苦，最幸福的人是享受每个年龄段给予他的东西而不在无用的悔恨

中浪费时间的人)”并结合第二、三段分别讨论儿童和年轻人生活中的快乐和痛苦推知，下文应讨论老人生活中的快乐和痛苦。故选C。8.（2022·全国·一模）ImajorinMechanicalEngineeringandPoliticalScience.Whenso

meonehearswhatIstudy,I’musuallymeantwithtworeactions.Firstupisasmallsmilewiththeword“overachiever”onthetipoftheirtongue.Thesecondisa

lookofconfusion,followedbyanexaggerated(夸张的)“why?”.Theshortanswer:Iwanttobeaproblemsolver,andengineeringteachesmehowtobecome

thattypeofperson.Inaddition,Ialsowanttobeabletolookatthebiggerpicture.It’sthebeginningofanewyear,andalotoffirst-yearsha

veplansfordoubleortriplemajors.However,asmostofusquicklyrealizeafterthatfirstfallsemester,collegeisalot!Weareunavoidabl

yforcedtomakechoices—dowekeeptryingtomakeourdoubleortriplemajorsworkordowecompletelyswitchgears?ThethingIwishedsomeonetoldmeondayoneisifyo

u’repassionateaboutsomething,it’snotgoingtofeellikework.PoliticalSciencecanbechallenging,buttome,it’sfuntoreadtheConstitution(宪法

)andseetheimpacteachwordhasonourinterpretation.Thismaysoundhardtoaccept,butifyouaredoubleortriplemajori

ngbecauseyouthinkyou’reinaracewithyourpeers,you’reonlyrunningyourselfintotheground.Don’tdoubleortriplemajorifyouaredoingitfo

ramarkonyourresume(简历),becausethenyourlifewillbealivinghellforthenextfouryears.Whatisgoingtomakeyouimpressiveisthepassi

onthatyouhave—whetheritbeinyourstudy,career,orsomethingelseyourcareerandstudywillenableyoutodo.Alway

sthinkaboutyour“why”whenitcomestothescheduleadoubleortriplemajorentails.Becauseattheendoftheday,it’sgoingtobeyoudoingthehomework—sotry

toenjoywhatyou’redoingalongtherideforwhatit’sworth.30．Howdopeopletendtofeelaboutthewriter’smajors?A．Impre

ssedorpuzzled.B．Ashamedorchallenged.C．Satisfiedorconfused.D．Amazedorconcerned.31．WhatenablesthewritertoenjoylearningPoliticalScience?A

．ThevalueofstudyingtheConstitution.B．Theinfluenceoflearningengineering.C．Hiscareerplanningforthefuture.D．Hisenthusiasmforthemajor.32．Accordingtoth

eauthor,whatcausesmultiplemajors’hardsituationincollege?A．Adjustingthescheduleformajorsconstantly.B．Pursuingmultiplemajorsoutofcompetitive

motivation.C．Makingrandomchoiceswithoutsufficientconsideration.D．Estimatingthedifficultyofmultiplemajoringinaccurately.33．Whatistheauthor’spurpo

seofwritingthetext?A．Topromotetheconceptofmultiplemajoring.B．Toexplainthereasonsforchoosingadoublemajor.C．Tocomparethegainsandlossesofmu

ltiplemajoring.D．Tostressthesignificanceofpassioninmultiplemajoring.【答案】30．A31．D32．B33．D【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述大学生不要盲目为了竞争而选择多个专业，一定要是因为热情和激情才

去选择多个专业。30．细节理解题。根据第一段“WhensomeonehearswhatIstudy,I’musuallymeantwithtworeactions.Firstupisasmallsmilewiththeword“

overachiever”onthetipoftheirtongue.Thesecondisalookofconfusion,followedbyanexaggerated(夸张的)“why?”.”(

当有人听到我学习的内容时，我通常会有两种反应。首先是一个小小的微笑并且说“太有成就了”。第二种是困惑的表情，接着是夸张的“为什么？”。)可知，当人们听到作者的专业时，有的会很佩服，有的是很困惑。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据第二段“

PoliticalSciencecanbechallenging,buttome,it’sfuntoreadtheConstitution(宪法)andseetheimpacteachwordhasonou

rinterpretation.”(政治学可能具有挑战性，但对我来说，阅读《宪法》，看看每一个字对我们的解释有什么影响是很有趣的。)和第三段“Whatisgoingtomakeyouimpressiveisthepassionthaty

ouhave-whetheritbeinyourstudy,career,orsomethingelseyourcareerandstudywillenableyoutodo.”(让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯

中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。)可知，是热情和激情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。故选D。32．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thismaysoundhardtoaccept,butifyouaredoubleortriple

majoringbecauseyouthinkyou’reinaracewithyourpeers,you’reonlyrunningyourselfintotheground.Don’tdoubleortr

iplemajorifyouaredoingitforamarkonyourresume(简历),becausethenyourlifewillbealivinghellforthenextfouryears.”(这听起来可能很难接受，但如果你是双主修或三主修，因为你认为你在与同龄

人竞争，你只是把自己撞到地上。如果你是为了简历上的一个分数而选择双主修或三主修，那么你的生活在接下来的四年里将是一个地狱。)可知，在作者看来，选择多个专业让大学生们处在糟糕的状况的原因是，他们只是为了在跟同龄人竞争才选择多个专

业的。故选B。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Whatisgoingtomakeyouimpressiveisthepassionthatyouhave-whetheritbeinyourstudy,career,

orsomethingelseyourcareerandstudywillenableyoutodo.”(让你印象深刻的是你所拥有的激情——无论是在你的学习、职业生涯中，还是在你的职业和学习将使你能够做的其他事情中。)和最后一段“Alwaysthinkabout

your“why”whenitcomestothescheduleadoubleortriplemajorentails.Becauseattheendoftheday,it’sgoingtobeyoudoingthehomework-sotrytoenjoywhatyou’redoingalo

ngtherideforwhatit’sworth.”(当涉及到一个双主修或三主修课程的时间表时，一定要考虑你的“为什么”。因为在一天结束的时候，是你自己在做家庭作业，所以试着享受你在旅途中所做的一切，因为它是值得的。)可知

，作者写这篇文章的目的是在建议人们要带着激情去选择专业，强调激情在多专业中的重要性。故选D。9.（2022·广东·华南师大附中校考一模）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonh

owquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.Oneiscomputerscien

tistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumco

mputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmall

erones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstotunclimatechangeintheopposited

irection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep."What

’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreatten

tionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’s

potential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsof

othertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,

perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.Afte

rIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefir

mheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype.buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthanany

otherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeena

bletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQua

ntumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyonee

lsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.34．HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutTobnson’sconcerns?A．Approving.B．Un

concernedC．Doubtful.D．Excited.35．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysics.B．Thecompetitioninth

efield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.36．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inPar

agraph3mostprobablymean?A．Open.B．Cool.C．Useful.D．Resistant.37．Whichwouldbethebesttideforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuan

tumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．WillQuantunComputingEverLiv

eUptoItsHype?【答案】34．A35．C36．A37．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Asquantumcomputing

attractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabo

uttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonw

arns.(随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒)”以及最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson

.(但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。故选A。35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”

tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmy

opinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”(他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决

了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法)”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。36．词义猜测题。根据第三段

“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeablet

ounderstand.(但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西)”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于

……的”。故选A。37．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpu

s“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”(现在，大型科技公司和许多

小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火”)”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumrea

llybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendora

nyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.(PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机

。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样)”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传

那样成功吗？”。故选D。10.（2022·浙江·模拟预测）It’snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightfulmagazinecoverstory“IloveMyChildren,IHateMyL

ife”isarousingmuchchatter—nothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatbringingupachildisnotacompletely

fulfilling,life-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconcludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:instea

dofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to

-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbeextremelyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdamageourmoodscanlaterbesou

rcesofintensecontentanddelight.”ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMa

donna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive—andnewlysingle—momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferA

nistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.I

nasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation(繁衍),isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenise

quivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildr

en.Unhappyparentsrarelyareencouragedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemosti

mportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthewide-openbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.Ofcourse,theimage

ofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUSWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemothersli

keBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsarethel

easthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearcelebritiestellit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:with

round-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.Itishardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearestupidenoughtowantchildrenbecauseit

lookssofantastic—mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enh

ancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallp

artofushopedgettingapartofthewaycelebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.38．JenniferSeniorsuggest

sinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring________.A．verytemporarydelightB．greatenjoymentinprogressC．happinessi

none’smemoryD．concernoverloveandhatred39．Paragraph2isintendedtoshowthat________.A．celebritymomsareapermanentsour

ceforgossip.B．singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.C．newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.D．havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepub

lic.40．Accordingtothepassage,thosechildlessfolks________.A．arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlifeB．arelargelyignoredbythemedia.C

．failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.D．areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.41．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthel

astparagraph?A．Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.B．Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildra

ising.C．Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.D．Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildraising.【答案

】38．C39．D40．D41．B【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是抚养孩子和幸福的关系。38．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:inst

eadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tenseconditionEventhoug

htheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbeextremelyhard,Seniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdamageourmoodscanlat

erbesourcesofintensecontentanddelight.”.(Senior建议，我们需要重新定义幸福，而不是认为孩子让父母快乐或痛苦。我们不应该认为幸福是可以用每时每刻的快乐来衡量的，而应该把幸福视为一种过去式的状态。

尽管抚养孩子的日子漫长难熬，令人筋疲力尽，但Senior写道:“正是那些心绪沉重的时刻，日后可能会成为我们快乐的来源。)”可知，JenniferSenior在她的文章中建议抚养孩子可以带来记忆中的幸福，故选C。39．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Themagazinecov

ershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutne

wlyadoptive–andnewlysingle–momSandraBullock,aswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritym

om,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.(在杂志封面上，一位迷人的母亲抱着一个可爱的婴儿，这并不是本周报摊上唯一一张麦当娜和孩子的照片。此外，还有关于刚当上养母和单身母亲的桑德拉·布洛克的故事，以及常见的“詹妮弗

·安妮斯顿怀孕了”的新闻。实际上，每周至少有一位明星妈妈或准妈妈在报摊上微笑。)”可知，本段主要展示的是公众非常重视生孩子。故选D。40．推理判断题。根据第三段的“unhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenareth

esinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthewide-openbaby-sizeholesintheirlives(不但是那不幸

福的没有孩子的人却为类似这样的信息所困扰：“孩子是世上唯一最可珍惜的东西”，显然，你们的不幸必须通过生儿育女才能得以消除。)”可知，那些没有孩子的人经常受到批评。故选D。41．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Butitisinterestingtowonderiftheimagesw

eseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactua

lexperience,inthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgettingapartofthewaycelebritieslivemightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikethem.(但有趣的是，我们想知道，我们每周看

到的无压力、提高幸福感的父母形象，是否在某种微小的、潜意识的方式导致了我们对实际体验的不满，就像我们中有一小部分人希望了解名人的生活方式，可能会让我们看起来有点像他们)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出明星妈妈影响了我们对抚养孩子的态度。故选B。