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冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（北京专用）真题重组卷02注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时

，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原

来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。本试卷共18页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用（共

两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2022·北京·高考真题）OneMondaymorn

ing,whilethechildrenwereenjoying“freeplay”,Isteppedtothedoorwayoftheclassroomtotakeabreak.Suddenly,I1amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.Thiswa

stheverydoorI2guidedthechildrenthroughtoensuretheirsafetyfromthebittercold.Ifeltachill(寒意)gothroughmybody.

Mylegscarriedmetothatdoor,andIpusheditopen.ItwasoneofmykindergartenerswhoIthoughtwas3thatday.Hehadbeend

roppedoffatschoollateandwas4toopenthedoor.Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawhile!Withoutaword,Irushedhimtothehospital.Hewastreatedforfrostbite

onhishands.He’dneedtimeto5,andwouldn’tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.Thenextmorning,oneofthefirstto6wasmylittlef

rostbittenboy.Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,buthis7couldbeheardasloudasever!Igavehimawarmhugandtoldhimhow8Iwastoseehim.Hiswordshavestayedw

ithmealltheseyears,“Iknewyouwouldopenthedoor.”ThatcoldMondaymorning,hewaitedalong,longwhileforadultsto9.Toachild,everyminutefeelslikeforever

.Hedidn’tattempttowalkbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.Thisfive-year-oldtaughtmeapowerfullessonin10.1．A．caus

edB．spottedC．checkedD．imagined2．A．hesitantlyB．randomlyC．dizzilyD．carefully3．A．angryB．absentC．specialD．noisy4．A．courageousB．c

ontentC．unableD．unwilling5．A．recoverB．playC．changeD．wait6．A．settleB．gatherC．arriveD．react7．A．sneezeB．weepC．complaintD．laughter8．A．luckyB．happyC．c

uriousD．nervous9．A．showupB．pullupC．holdupD．lineup10．A．gratitudeB．forgivenessC．faithD．kindness【答案】1．B2．D3．B4．C5．A6．C7．D8．B9．A10．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。一个小

男孩上学去晚了，被关在了门外，小男孩推不开门，于是大冬天的在门外等了很久，直到老师不经意间发现门有动静，才注意到他被关在门外。小男孩坚定地相信老师会给他开门，这种信念让老师一直铭记于心。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，我注意到那扇沉重的木门

动了一下。A.caused引起、使发生；B.spotted看见、注意到；C.checked检查、核对；D.imagined想象。根据后面的“amovementoftheheavywoodendoor.”可知，此处表示看到门动了下，spot符合语境。故选B项。2．考查

副词词义辨析。句意：这正是那扇我小心翼翼地领着孩子们穿过，以确保他们不受严寒侵袭的门。A.hesitantly迟疑地、踌躇地；B.randomly随机地；C.dizzily头晕眼花地；D.carefully小心地、谨慎地。根据后面的“toensuretheir

safetyfromthebittercold.”可知，要确保孩子们不受严寒侵袭，说明是小心翼翼地领着孩子们通过，carefully符合语境。故选D项。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是我幼儿园的一个孩子，我以为他那天没来。A.angry生气的、愤怒的；B.absent缺席的

、不在的；C.special特殊的、特别的；D.noisy嘈杂的、聒噪的。根据下文的“Hehadbeendroppedoffatschoollateandwas____4____toopenthedoor.”可知，是小男

孩来晚了，又开不了门，所以老师以为他没来，此处absent符合语境。故选B项4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很晚才被送到学校，打不开门。A.courageous勇敢的；B.content满足的、满意的；

C.unable无法胜任的、不会的；D.unwilling不愿意的。根据上文的“theheavywoodendoor.”和下文的“Hemusthavebeenwaitingthereforquiteawh

ile!”可知，门很重，小男孩打不开，所以才在门外等了很久，此处指“打不开门”，unable符合语境。故选C项5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他需要时间恢复，我想他第二天不会来上课了。A.recover恢复、康复；B.play玩闹、戏弄；C.change改变；D.wait等待。根据前面的“

Hewastreatedforfrostbiteonhishands.”可知，小男孩手冻伤了，所以需要时间恢复，此处recover符合语境。故选A项。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我那冻伤的小男孩是第一批赶到的人之一。A.set

tle解决、定居；B.gather聚集、召集；C.arrive到达；D.react反应。根据下文“Notonlydidheruninwithenergy,”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明是来了学校，故此处指第一批到达学校的人，应用arrive。故选C项7．考查名词词义辨析。句意

：他不仅精力充沛地跑了进来，而且他的笑声还像以前一样响亮！A.sneeze打喷嚏；B.weep哭泣；C.complaint抱怨；D.laughter笑声。根据前面的“Notonlydidheruninwithenergy”可知，小男孩精力充沛地跑了进来，说明身体恢复好了，结

合后面的“couldbeheardasloudasever”可知，此处应指“笑声和以前一样响亮”，laughter符合语境。故选D项8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我给了他一个温暖的拥抱，告诉他我很高兴见到他。A.lucky幸运的；B.happy开心的、幸福的；C.curious好奇的；D.nerv

ous紧张的、担忧的。根据上文“He’dneedtimeto____5____,andwouldn’tcomeforclassthenextday,Ithought.”可知，作者以为小男孩不会来学校，所以看到小男孩的时候，应该是开心的，happy符合语境。故选B项9．考查短语辨析。句意

：在那个寒冷的周一早晨，他等了很久很久，才等到大人的出现。A.showup露面，出现；B.pullup拔起、停下来；C.holdup举起、阻挡；D.lineup排队。根据上下文语义可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，才等到大人出现给他开门，此处用showup符合

语境。故选A项10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个五岁的孩子给我在信念方面上了一堂有力的课。A.gratitude感激；B.forgiveness宽恕；C.faith信任、信念；D.kindness善良、仁慈。根据前面“Hedidn’tattempttowal

kbackhome;hewaitedandtrusted.”可知，小男孩在门口等了很久，却没有试图回家，说明小男孩有很强的的信念，故此处指老师从小男孩身上学到了一些关于信念的东西，此处指“关于信念的课”，faith符合语境。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A

（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenla

ndandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When11(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotec

t12(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China13(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangr

oves.【答案】11．seen12．cities13．hasestablished【导语】本文是说明文。红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。11．考查状语从句的省略。句意：从远

处看，红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。在从句中，主语为themangroveforests，和动词see是被动关系，从句应用一般现在时的被动语态，完整形式为wh

entheyareseenfromafar，省略主语和be动词，故填seen。12．考查名词复数。句意：红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填cities。13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建

立了一些红树林保护区。由Uptonow(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填hasestablished。B（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容

填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sincepeoplecan’talwayseatoutorcookfor14(they),theygettakeoutorord

erdelivery.Moretakeoutandmorefooddeliveryequalmorewaste,especiallyplasticwaste.Thatincludescups,bottles,andbags,mostof15ar

eonlygoodforoneuse.That’sabigproblemanditisgettingeven16(bad).Theuseofthoseplastics17(increase)by300%since2019.Theworld

won’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.【答案】14．themselves15．which16．worse17．hasincreased【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。【

详解】1.考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者预定配送服务。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。2.考查定语从

句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只能使用一次。分析可知，mostof______areonlygoodforoneuse在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups,bottles,and

bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。3.考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2

019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语Theuseofthoseplastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填hasincreased。C（2023·北京·统考高考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空

。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuali

ty(守时).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I18(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup19(exact)ontime.

Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest20(arriv

e)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.【答案】18．wouldthrow19．exactly20．hadarrived【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。18．考查时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有3

0位客人都准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时。故填wouldthrow。19．考查副词。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30位客人都

准时出现时，我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语ontime应用副词exactly，故填exactly。20．考查时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中表示

“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。故填hadarrived。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2023·北京·统考高考

真题）TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircom

munitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.Theypromoteth

eOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(冲刺).4-WeekLearningSprint

The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.Thesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbacka

ftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.Th

e4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitap

lanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants•Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSp

rint.•Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.•Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.•Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.•Youareself-motivate

dandcommitted.•Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.•Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同

伴).•Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21．Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.A．createchangeinthe

ircommunityB．attendavirtuallearningprogrammeC．meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD．promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22．Ifselectedasan

IOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.A．completeareflectiontaskeachweekB．watchsportsontheIOCchannelC．workonasport-basedprojectD．coachandadviseth

eirpeers23．Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A．Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B．Havingatleastone-yearworkexperie

nce.C．Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D．Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.【答案】21．B22．C23．B【导语】这是一

篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求。21．细节理解题。根据4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovembe

r2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchan

nel.(为期4周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，将于2023年11月进行。这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在IOC频道播出后观看)”可知，在为期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据4-WeekLearningSprint部分中“Aftersuccess

fullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.(在成功完成为

期4周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中)”可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目。故选C。23．细节理解题。根据RequirementsfortheApplicants部分中“You

haveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.(你至少有一年的工作经验)”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验。故选B。B（2022·北京·高考真题）MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastrouble

dbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallt

hatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviousl

yinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispr

esentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinn

erwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim—anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstconta

ctwaswheremystorybegan.Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethatthiswouldb

ethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAli

ceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsw

eresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprote

ctnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.Iamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybegan

andI’verealisedthatmybiggestobstacle(障碍)thiswholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanype

oplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait;Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandb

eimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.24．WhatwasthemaincauseforAlice’sanxiety?A．Herinabilitytoactherage.B．H

erhabitofconsumption.C．Herdesiretobeperfect.D．Herlackofinspiration.25．HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationin

fluenceAlice?A．Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.B．Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C．Shelearnedabouttheharmofdes

ire.D．Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.26．TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore________.A．intelligentB．confidentC．innovativeD．critical27．Wh

atcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Practicemakesperfect.B．Patienceisacureofanxiety.C．Actionisworry’sworstenemy.D．Everythingcomestotho

sewhowait.【答案】24．C25．A26．B27．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。24．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Myperfectionisttendencieswerethema

inrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.(我的完美

主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我。)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选C项。25．细节理解题。由文章第二段“Oneday,Iattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationist

GrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.(一天，我在高中参加了野生动物

保护主义者GrantBrown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为。)”和文章第三段“ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationsto

jointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrow

ingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.(在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“YouthforNature”和“YouthforPlane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护

自然团队的一员。)”可知，是GrantBrown让作者开始为从事保护自然地活动中。故选A项。26．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofag

rowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更

加自信。)”可知，Alice加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选B项。27．推理判断题。由第一段“Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippled(削弱)myabilityto

doanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.”（去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力。）由文章第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwas

apartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然

团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信。)可知，文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选C项。C（2023·北京·统考高考真题）Inrecentyears,re

searchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoeng

agewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.Thehistorian

FrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebyt

hecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusing

onloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorc

ommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittran

slatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instea

d,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbebl

amedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfac

tionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,y

oumighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmatte

rsaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstard

rawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;they

wouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethe

stateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.C

hildren,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28．TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A．drawacomparisonB

．introduceatopicC．evaluateastatementD．highlightaproblem29．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatechangehasbe

enforgotten.B．Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C．Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D．Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings

.30．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B．Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C．Currentpoliciesfacili

tatefuturedecision-making.D．Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.【答案】28．D29．C30．A【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期

主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。28．推理判断题。第一段首句“Inrecentyears,res

earchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是

工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacteri

sedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（FrancisCole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬

间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家FrancisCole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用FrancisCol的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。29．推理判断题。

根据最后一段中“Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatecha

nge.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethes

tateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们

所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢

的变化，故选C。30．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindu

strialisedsocieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehave

abias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabil

ityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningprobl

emslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomor

row.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知

，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。D（2021·北京·高考真题）Irememberthedayduringourfirstweekofc

lasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization．Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatnee

dedourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）．Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoug

hofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme．Afterdoingsomeresearch，Ibeliev

edthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids．WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendin

gamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，

andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild．Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametog

ether．WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild．Overth

epastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted．Whilemakingthekits，IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit

．IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon．Whenthekitswerecompleted，andreadytobesentov

erseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget．Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson．Nowthatourpro

jectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．3

1．HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A．Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans．B．Itwouldinvolvetravelingove

rseas．C．Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade．D．Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations．32．Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A

．ImagesofIraqichildren．B．Researchbyhis/herclassmates．C．Ateacher'sintroduction．D．Arepresentative'scomments

．33．Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento________．.A．becomeOICvolunteersB．furthertheireducationC．studyinforeigncountrie

sD．influenceotherchildren34．Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A．One'spotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated．B．Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted．C．Acti

onsspeaklouderthanwords．D．Hewhohesitatesislost．【答案】31．D32．A33．B34．B【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信

的。31．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationI

raqiChildren（OIC）．MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织

时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。32．细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebs

ite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren．Theirfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIj

oinedthisprojectwithouthesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图

片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。33．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandg

irlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，

作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。34．推理判断题。根据第一段“Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewithth

eplansIhadinmind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofa

notherperson．Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten．Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeablet

ofurthertheireducation．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不

会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2020·北京·高

考真题）Manypeoplethinkthatpositivethinkingismostlyaboutkeepingone'sheadinthesandandignoringdailyproblems,tryingtolookoptimistic.Inrealityi

thasmoretodowiththewayanindividualtalkstohimself.Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncertainofsomeevents,

phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.35Meanwhile,positivethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstartto

formapositiveviewonanissue.Peoplewhoregularlypractisepositivethinkingtendtosolveproblemsmoreeffectively.Th

eyarelessexposedtostresscausedbyexternalfactors.Theytendtobelieveinthemselvesandinwhattheydo.36Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreas

edlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsychologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Posit

ivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwithproblemsandhardships.37Forexample,researchershavefoundthatintheca

seofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positivethinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionan

danxiety.Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachallenge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.P

essimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofadditionalstress.38Inconclusion,positivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordeal

ingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodowithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaprob

lem.39Thinkinginapositive,self-encouragingwaybringsaboutmanybenefitstoone'sphysicalandmentalhealth.A．Itdoes

n'tcauseanysevereemotionaldiscomfort,either.B．Negativeself-talkdamagesself-confidenceanddecreasesself-respect.C．Ithelpsonetoremainc

lear-headedandconfidentindifficultsituations.D．Positivethinkinghasseveralbeneficialeffectsonthebodyandthemind.E．Asthinkingchanges,anindiv

idual'sbehaviourandhabitschangeaswell.F．Theyoftenofferarealalternativetothecommonandregularwayofthinking.G．Theyoft

enfeeldiscouragedlongbeforetryingtosolvetheproblem,evenifsmall.【答案】35．B36．D37．C38．G39．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者

相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。35．根据上文“Self-talkisaconstantstreamofthoughtsofaperson,whoisoftenunawareanduncert

ainofsomeevents,phenomena,people,oreventhepersonhimself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile,positi

vethinkingcanhelptostopnegativeself-talksandstarttoformapositiveviewonanissue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始

形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negativeself-talks可对应到B选项中Negativeself-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，

降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。36．根据后文“Peoplewhothinkpositivelydemonstrateincreasedlifespans,lowerratesofdepressionandanxiety,betterphysicalandpsyc

hologicalhealth,reducedrisksofdeathfromheartproblems.Positivethinkingalsocontributestoone'sabilitytodealwi

thproblemsandhardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peoplewh

othinkpositively以及Positivethinking可对应到D选项中Positivethinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。37．根据后文“Forexam

ple,researchershavefoundthatinthecaseofacrisisaccompaniedbystrongemotions,suchasanaturaldisaster,positive

thinkingcanprovideasortofbufferagainstdepressionandanxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种

缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。38．根据上文“Resilientpeoplewhothinkpositivelytendtotreateveryproblemasachalle

nge,achanceforimprovementofanykind,orasanopportunityforpersonalgrowth.Pessimists,onthecontrary,tendtoperceiveproblemsasasourceofaddi

tionalstress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义

者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。39．根据上文“Inconclusion,p

ositivethinkingisapowerfulandeffectivetoolfordealingwithhardtimesandimprovingthequalityofone'slife.Itdoesn'thaveanythingtodow

ithignorantoptimismwhenanindividualrefusestonoticeaproblem.(总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注

意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文

回答问题。（2022·北京·高考真题）Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Hekne

wtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwat

chedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameu

pwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmym

issionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(滤网)thatallowsth

egreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflo

wingthrough.TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-y

ear-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonat

espartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble

.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportantt

oknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”40．WhatdidTomw

itnessathisownschool?41．WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?42．Pleasedecidewhichp

artisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenot

onlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.43．AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouth

inkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41．Tomgottheideafromo

bservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.42．TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers

becausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.Tomdonatespartoftheprofitst

otheOHG.43．Ithinkthequalityofperspicacitywillbeimportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,

whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。40．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15

-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自

己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41．考查细节理解。根据第二

段第一句中“Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusions”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameup

withhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的FunBottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了FunBottle的原始模型。故答案为Tomgottheide

afromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.42．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“butthis15-year-oldismostproudof

theopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdon

atespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是FunBottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代

品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“alltheprofits”，应修改为“partoftheprofits”，故答案为Tomismostproudoftheopportuni

tiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprof

itstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrep

reneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩

子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugar

ydrinks,”Tomexplains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所

有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：Ithinkthequalityofperspic

acityimisportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves

.(31)第二节（20分）（2019·北京·高考真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：1.交通出行；2.必备衣物。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾

已经给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,I’mpleasedthatyou’recomingtotourinChina.Is

uggestthatyoubeginfromBeijing,andI’llshowyouaround.Tianjinwillbeyournextstop.Afterthat,youcangotoShanghai,whereyoucanstayforawee

k.Youcantakehigh-speedtrainstobothcities.Summerinthesecitiesishotandrainy,sotakesummerwearplusanumbrellawithyou.Lookingforwardtoyourarrival

.Yours,LiHua【分析】本文是一篇应用文，要求给朋友写回信。【详解】红星中学高三学生李华的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息。要求给他回复邮件，内容包括:1.交通出行；2.必备衣物。本文时态应采用一般现在时和一般将来时，用第一人称

和第二人称来写。文章可以分为三部分来写：首先表达欢迎Jim来中国；然后交代交通出行和必备衣物；最后盼望朋友的到来。注意使用高级词汇和句式，为文章增添色彩；注意使用连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。【点睛】本文内容完整，语言表述流畅。文章使用了几个

高分句型。thatyou’recomingtotourinChina.和thatyoubeginfromBeijing,andI’llshowyouaround.是宾语从句。whereyoucanstayforaweek.是非限制性定语从句。