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课时作业(十一)Unit4SectionⅡGrammarandusage&IntegratedskillsⅠ.阅读理解ANextweek,PushpaNagarajwillappearforher720the

xam.Butshewon'tbetakingtheexamforherself.Since2007,shehashelpedhundredsofvisuallychallengedstudentstakeexamsbyactingast

heirscribe(抄写员),readingthemthequestionsandthenwritingdowntheanswerstheygive.WhenMs.NagarajwasgrowingupinBangalore,theITcapitalofIndia,herf

atherlosthisjobafterabackinjury.Thefamilysuddenlyfounditselfstruggling.Shethoughtshe'dhavetodropoutofschool.Luckily,hermothermanagedtoraisee

noughmoneytoeducateherthroughhighschool.Today,she'saprojectcoordinatorforanITfirm.Oneday,asshewashelpingafewvis

uallydamagedchildrencrosstheroad,itstruckherhowdifficulteveneverydaytaskscouldbeforthem,letalonefinishingtheireducation.Ms.Nagarajwantedtohelpt

hosechildren.InIndia,mostchildrenwithsightchallengesdonothaveaccesstospecializedschooling.Evenforthosewhoattendmainstreamclasses,timedexa

ms—keyforIndianeducationalinstitutions,wherescoresareespeciallyimportant—presentadditionaldifficulties.“Manyofthemb

alkatthethoughtofwritingexamsanddropout，”saysMs.Sundararaman,alocaleducationexpert.“Andso,theireducationcomestoasuddenstop,midway.

”Havingascribecanbethedifferencebetweenpassingandfailing.Overthepast12years,wordaboutMs.Nagaraj'sworkhasspread—somuchthatshenowgetsreq

uestsfrompeoplefromalloverIndia.ShehasalsosetupanetworkofvolunteersthatpostsrequeststhroughaWhatsAppgroup.Ms.Nagarajiskeenlyawareofongoingchallenge

s,thechiefofwhichisthat,everyonceinawhile,shehastorefuserequestsfromstudentstogivethemtheanswersdurin

gexams.Anotherchallengeistoexpandthecircleofscribes.Despitethese,sheisverygratefulforhavingtheopportunitytohelpo

thers.“Ihavenocomplaints.Actually,Ifeelveryblessed，”shesays.1．WhatdoweknowaboutMs.NagarajfromParagraph2?A．Shesufferedfromaba

ckinjury.B．Shestruggledtofinishherhighschool.C．SheraisedenoughmoneyfromanITfirm.D．Shehadtoworktohelpsupportherfamily.2．Whatdoestheunderli

nedword“balk”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Becomehesitant.B．Feelunsatisfied.C．Arehopeful.D．Aresurprised.3．WhatchallengedoesMs.Nagara

jhavetoovercome?A．Thelimitednumberofscribes.B．Thelargequantityofexamstotake.C．Therequesttorepeatquestionsintheexam.D.Thebuildingofanetworkofvolu

nteers.4．What'sthetextmainlyabout?A．AnIndianwomanbreakingtherecordintakingexams.B．Theimportanceofsettingupanorganizationforscrib

es.C．TheproblemsofstudentsdroppingoutofschoolinIndia.D．AnIndianwomanhelpingdisabledchildrenbybeingascribe.BTherehavebeenmanyproblemswithourschool

stoday,thebiggestofwhichiscloselyrelatedtoourculture.Ingeneral,ourculture,asrepresentedinthemedia,getsexcitedbyfamousstars,andconstant

lystressesthatit'swhatyouhave,notwhatyouare,thatcounts.Parentsareencouragedtobeawayfromevenverysmallchildrenformostoftheday.Toomanyvotersgoforpoli

ticianswhowouldrathercutschoolfunding(拨款)thangetridoftaxcutsforthewealthy.Allcontributegreatlytotheproblemsofeducatingourch

ildren.Today'steachershavetodealwithaculturethatisvastlydifferentfromthatinthepast.Theyreportthatthereis,amongmorechildren

thanever,alackofmotivation,withnodrivetosucceedoreventry.Therolemodelsthatboysviewinthemediamostlyco

nsistofmenincomediesandothershowswhoarerudeandoftenextremelyimmature：self­centredoverpaidathletes;meninmovies,televisi

ondramas,videogames,etcwhoarepreoccupiedwithviolenceandpower.AsLeonardSaxwroteinBoysAdrift，“Teenageboysarelookingformodelsofmatureadult

hood.Butwenolongermakeanycollectiveefforttoprovidesuchmodels.”Girlsareattackednotonlywithsuchannoyingimages(形象)ofmales，butalsowithwomenwhoarepreocc

upiedwithappearanceandareextremelymaterialistic.Insuchaculturalenvironment,itismoreimportantthanevertohaveresponsible,lovingandcaringparentswhohavee

noughtimeandmotivationtodevotethemselvestotheirchildrenandseeitastheirdutytoserveasmodelsforthemandraisethemwithhighstandardsofhonestyandrespo

nsibilityalongwithtendingtotheirphysicalneeds.Theyneedtocareenoughtoseethattheirchildrenarenotattackedwiththegar

bagethatcomesfrommovies,televisionandcomputerscreens.Intoday'sculture,theyarebasicallyaloneinthiseffo

rtsince,unfortunately,somuchisworkingagainstthem.Unlesswe，asaculture，facethetruthaboutourselves—thatwearenotprovidingthingsadequ

atelyforagreatmanyofourchildren—thestormwillcontinuetorage(肆虐)onoureducationsystem.5．HowisParagraph1mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalysingcaus

es.B．Byshowingdifferences.C．Bydescribingaprocess.D．Byusingtimeorder.6．Whatdoestoday'scultureprobablybringtothech

ildren?A．Narrowaccesstoentertainment.B．Poorunderstandingabilities.C．Fewmaterialisticmodels.D．Littledesireforsuc

cess.7．Accordingtothetext,whatshouldparentsdointoday'sculture?A．Devotethemselvesmoretotheirchildren.B．Findhonestmodelsfortheir

children.C．Keeptheirchildrenawayfromcomputers.D．Helptheirchildrendevelopmotivation.8．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowa

rdstoday'sculture?A．Positive.B．Ambiguous.C．Dissatisfied.D．Approving.Ⅱ.七选五Studyingandpreparingisvitalt

osuccessinexams.Itis,however,difficulttoknowhowtobestmanageyourpreparationperioduntilyouhavesomeexperience.Thispassageofferssomei

deastohelpthosestillquitenewtoexams.Startyourrevisionearly.Thereisnosubstituteforstartingearlywithrevisio

n.Youneedtogiveyourselfenoughtimetorevieweverythingyouhavestudied,andmakesureyouunderstandit.__1__Organizeyour

studytime.__2__Youwillalsofindthatyouhavemoretoreviseforsomesubjectsthanothers.Itisworthtakingthetimetoplan

yourrevisionandconsiderhowmuchtimeyoumightneedforeachsubject.Lookafteryourselfduringstudyandexamtime.Youwillbeabletoworkbetterif

youeatahealthydiet,andgetplentyofsleep.Thisappliestobothyourexamperiod,andwhenyouarerevising.__3__Itisalsoagoodideatotakeregularexercisewhe

nstudying.__4__Alwaysdoingthesamething,forexample,readingoveryournotesonasubject,islikelytobequitedull.Spiceupyourrevisionperiodbytryingdiffere

ntexercisesandtechniques.Alternativesinclude：__5__Drawingmindmapsorothersummarydiagramstotestwhatyoucanre

member.Organizingadiscussiongroupwithsomefriendstoconsideraparticularissue.A．Varyyourrevisiontechniques.B．Haveyourownrevisiontechniques.C．S

urvivingonjunkfoodisnotagoodidea.D．Last­minutecrammingismuchlessproductive.E.Doingsomesporttorelaxandbetterconcentrate.F.Doingpracticepapers

totestyourunderstanding.G.Youwillalmostcertainlyfindsomesubjectseasierthanothers.