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《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》专题05阅读理解C篇(二次开发+微技能+名校模拟拟)解析版变式方向：词形转换;高考考点;熟词新意;态度推断题技巧;人际关系话题阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与
社会,争论的意义,人际关系,人际沟通,和谐相处,社会热点Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometotheconclusionthatthereisonlyoneway
togetthebestofanargument—andthatistoavoidit.”Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourp
ersonalandsociallives—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswe
refights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwi
n,youendupnobetteroff.Youwouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.Pairsofopponentshittheballbacka
ndforthuntilonewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingexplainswhysomanypeopletrytoa
voidarguments.However,therearewaystowinanargumenteverytime.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(阐述)ana
rgumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonf
ortheirviewandspellouttheirargumentfully.Assessitsstrengthandweakness.Raiseobjections(异议)andlistencarefullytotheirreplies.Thismethodwillrequire
effort,butpracticewillmakeyoubetteratit.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument—notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebetter
senseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaver
balfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangethe
verynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.28.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardCarnegie’sunderstandingofargument?A.Critical.B.Supportive.C
.Tolerant.D.Uncertain.29.Whydomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments?A.Theylackdebatingskills.B.Theymayfeelbadeveniftheywin.C.Theyfearbeingignored.D.They
arenotconfidentinthemselves.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“spellout”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Defend.B.
Explain.C.Conclude.D.Repeat.31.Whatisthekeyto“winning”anargumentaccordingtotheauthor?A.Senseoflogic.B.Solidsupportingevidence.原题呈现C.Propermanne
rs.D.Understandingfrombothsides.【答案】28.A29.B30.B31.D【导语】这是一篇说明文（偏议论性质），作者阐述了争论的意义和赢得争论的方法。28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Thisdistastef
orargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives—a
ndinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.(这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这种观点会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它首先忽略了争论的意义)”可
知，作者对于Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度，故选A。29.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Likephysicalfights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.You
wouldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions—like,say,tennistournaments.(和身体上的打斗一样，言语上的打斗也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也
不会变得更好。如果争论只是一场比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕)”可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为即使赢了他们也感觉很糟糕，故选B。30.词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview”可知，让他们为自己的观点提供
依据，即让他们充分阐明他们的观点，spellout意为“解释明白，讲清楚”，故选B。31.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareas
onedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto
“win”anargument.(如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口水战或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了‘赢得’争论的本质)”可知，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是通过交流获得彼此的尊重和理解，故选D。一、纲内
词汇（酌情删减）1.conclusionn.结论2.argumentn.争论3.distasten.不喜欢；反感4.mistakena.错误；不正确5.sociala.社会的；社交的6.physicala.身体的；物理的7.bloodieda.血染的；有血的8.com
petitionn.竞赛；竞争9.sayvt.说话；比方说10.tournamentn.锦标赛11.opponentn.对手12.positionn.位置；姿势；立场13.claimvt.声称；认领；夺取生命14.honestlyad.诚实地答
案解析核心词汇背诵15.standn.立场；观点16.fullyad.充分地17.assessvt.评估18.strengthn.力量；优势19.weaknessn.弱点20.dividevt.分割21.disagreevi.不同意22.readjustvt.重新调整23.verbal
a.文字的；言语的24.criticala.批判的；关键的；严重的25.supportivea.支持的26.toleranta.宽容的27.uncertaina.无把握的28.lackvt.缺乏29.ignorevt.不理睬；忽视30.concludevt.推断出；结束31.solida.坚硬的
；结实的32.evidencen.证据，证词33.propera.合适的二、高频词块（酌情删减）1.cometotheconclusion得出结论2.getthebestof占上风，战胜3.dependon依赖于
4.missthepoint抓不着要点5.endup最后落得6.bewelloff经济富裕7.backandforth来来回回地8.spellout详加说明9.disagreewithsb不同意某人（的
观点）10.one’sattitudetowards…对……态度11.beconfidentin…对……有信心二、高频词块（酌情删减）1.inthewild在野外2.feedon以……为食物3.playafunction
in在…中起作用4.watchoutfor小心提防5.reactto对……作出反应6.takeflight逃跑；起飞7.bereactiveto对…有反应8.besubjecttosth受支配；常遭受…9.expose…
to…暴露于10.atayoungage在年轻时11.avoinddoing避免做某事12.callfor要求，需要一、词类转换（酌情删减）1.concludevt.推断→conclusionn.结论2.mistaken.
错误→mistakena.错误；不正确3.competevi.竞赛；竞争→competitionn.竞赛；竞争→competitorn.对手4.fulla.圆满的→fullyad.充分地5.stronga.力量；优势→strengthn.力量；优势6.supportive
vt.支持→supportivea.支持的7.toleratevt.容忍→toleranta.容的8.evidentn.明显的→evidencen.证据，证词二、纲内词汇翻译（酌情删减）1.conclusionn.结论2.argum
entn.争论3.distasten.不喜欢；反感4.mistakena.错误；不正确考点变式训练5.sociala.社会的；社交的6.physicala.身体的；物理的7.bloodieda.血染的；有血的8.competitionn.竞赛；竞争9
.sayvt.说话；比方说10.tournamentn.锦标赛11.opponentn.对手12.positionn.位置；姿势；立场13.claimvt.声称；认领；夺取生命14.honestlyad.诚实地15.standn.立场；观点16.fully
ad.充分地17.assessvt.评估18.strengthn.力量；优势19.weaknessn.弱点20.dividevt.分割21.disagreevi.不同意22.readjustvt.重新调整23.verbala.文字的；言语的24.criticala.批判的；关键的；严重的
25.supportivea.支持的26.toleranta.宽容的27.uncertaina.无把握的28.lackvt.缺乏29.ignorevt.不理睬；忽视30.concludevt.推断出；结束31.solida.坚硬的；结实的32.evide
ncen.证据，证词33.propera.合适的三、高频词块翻译（酌情删减）1.cometotheconclusion得出结论2.getthebestof占上风，战胜3.dependon依赖于4.missthepoint抓不着要点5.endup最后落得6.bewello
ff经济富裕7.backandforth来来回回地8.spellout详加说明9.disagreewithsb不同意某人（的观点）10.one’sattitudetowards…对……态度11.beconfidentin…对……有信心四、单句填空（核
心考点习题化）1.Inhis1936work,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Ihavecometothe____________(conclude)thatthereisonlyoneway____________(get)thebestofanargument—an
dthatistoavoidit.”2.Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsona____________(mistake)viewofargumentsthat___
_________(cause)problemsforourpersonalandsociallives.3.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,____________ishowweoftenthinkofthem.4.Likephysical
fights,verbal(言语的)fightscanleavebothsides____________(bloody).5.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupno____________(well)off.6.Youwo
uldbefeelingalmostasbadifargumentswereevenjust____________(competition)—like,say,tennistournaments.7.Pairsofopponentshittheball
backandforth____________onewinnercomesoutfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.8.Thiskindofthinkingexplains____________somanypeopletrytoavoi
darguments.9.However,therearewaystowinan____________(argue)everytime.10.Whenyoustateyourposition,formulate(阐述)anar
gumentforwhatyouclaimand____________(honest)askyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.11.Whenyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareaso
nfortheirviewandspellouttheirargument____________(full).12.Assessits____________(strong)andweakness.Raiseobjections(异议)andlistenc
arefullytotheirreplies.13.Thismethodwillrequireeffort,____________practicewillmakeyoubetteratit.【参考答案】1.conclusion,toget2.mistake
n,causes3.which4.bloodied5.better6.competitions7.until8why.9.argument10.honestly11.fully12.strength13.but五、熟词新意(de
fend用法)1.Scientistsareclaimingamajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.2.Alotoflostpropertyisneverclaimed.3.Thecarcras
hclaimedthreelives.4.Shewastooweaktostand.5.Istoodthelittlegirlonachairsothatshecouldsee.6.Thecastlestandsonthesiteofanancientbattlefield.7.The
towerstands30metreshigh.8.Shecouldn'tstandbeingkeptwaiting.9.Modernplasticscanstandveryhighandverylowtemperatures.10.Hewascr
iticizedforhistoughstandonimmigration.11.Theysetupastandtosellcookedsausages.【参考答案】1.vt.宣称；声称2.vt.索取；认领3.v
t.夺走，夺去（生命）4.vi.站立5.vt.使直立；竖放6.vi.位于（某处）7.vi.高度为；高达8.vt.（尤用于否定句和疑问句）容忍，忍受9.vt.（尤与can或could连用）经受，承受，经得起10.n态度；立场；观点11.n.摊位
六、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）1.Thisdistasteforargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofarguments[thatcausesproblemsforourpersonalandsocialli
ves—andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace].【翻译】这种对争论的厌恶是常见的，但它取决于对争论的错误看法，这会给我们的个人和社会生活带来问题，而且在很多方面都没有
抓住争论的重点。【分析】thatcausesproblems…引导定语从句，修饰先行词arguments；定语从句由and连接两个并列的谓语动词；主句部分是but连接的并列句。2.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument[—notint
heunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningaboutwhatdividespeople,learningwhythe
ydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem].【翻译】这些工具可以帮助你赢得每一场争论——不是从击败对手的无益意义上，而是从更好的意义上了解人们的分歧，了解他们为什么不同意我们的观点，并学会与他们交谈和合作。【分析】Theseto
olscanhelpyouwineveryargument是一个“主谓宾”结构的简单句；后边破折号部分期解释说明作用，not…but….连接两个介词短语；but之后由三个learning,learn…andlearning…是平行结构。3.Ifwereadjustourviewofargum
ents[—fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother—]thenwechanget
heverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.【翻译】如果我们重新调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口头斗争或网球比赛到一场理性的交流，通过这种交流我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——
那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。【分析】两个破折号部分相当于插入语，throughwhichweallgainrespectandunderstandingfromeachother是定语从句，修饰先行词exch
ange；主体部分是一个if引起的条件状语从句+主句结构的主从复合句。Foryears,DavidJames,whostudiesinsectsatWashingtonStateUniversity,hadwan
tedtoexaminethemigration(迁徙)patternsofWestCoastmonarchbutterflies(黑脉金斑蝶).Theroutethebutterfliestravelhasbeenhardlyknown
becausethepopulationsaretoosmalltofollow.Forevery200monarchstagged(打标签)byaresearcher,onlyoneisusuallyrecoveredattheen
dofitstrip,Jamessays,andfindingeven200inthewildtotagisunlikely.Knowingtherouteisvitaltoconservationefforts,butJameshadnowayto
figureitout-untilhegotaphonecallfromWashingtonStatePenitentiaryinWallaWalla.Theprisonwaslookingfornew
activitiestoimprovethementalhealthofthoseservinglong-termsentences.SoJamesbeganworkingwithprisonerstorai
semonarchsthroughthewholeprocessoftheirtransformation.Theadultinsectswerethentaggedandreleasedfromtheprison.Overfiveyears,nearly10,000mona
rchsflewfromthefacility.ElsewhereinWashington,OregonandIdaho,researchersreleasedanotherfewthousand.Thetagsincluded
emailaddresses,andsoonafterthefirstbutterfliestookoff,Jamesstartedreceivingmessagesfrompeoplewhohadspottedthem.Thebutterflie
s,thereportsconfirmed,winteredincoastalCalifornia.TwelveofthemlandedatLighthouseFieldStateBeachinSantaCruz.S
everalmoreheadedtoBolinasandMorroBay.Theworkhelpsresearchersidentifyidealplacestoplantmilkweedandothervegetationthatareimpor
tanttothelifecycleofWestCoastmonarchbutterflies.Italsobroughtoutthegentlersideofsomeoftheprisoners.“Theywereveryworriedthattheyweregoingtoharmthebutt
erflies,”Jamessays.Watchingthemonarchchangetheirformalsotouchedthemen.“Thisbutterflychanged,”Jamesrecallsprisonerstellinghim,“
andmaybewecantoo.”28.WhatwashardforDavidtodoinhisstudy?A.Gainfinancialsupport.B.Hirequalifiedworkers.C.Buildanewlaboratory.D.Finde
noughmonarchs.2023年四省联考29.Whyarethebutterfliestaggedbeforebeingreleased?A.Toguaranteetheirsafety.B.Toenablethemtoflylongerdist
ances.C.Totracktheirtravelroutes.D.Todistinguishthemfromotherspecies.30.Whatmakestheprisonersfeelthattheycanchange?A.Thepatiencethebutterf
liesshowed.B.Thehardshipthebutterfliesunderwent.C.Thetransformationofthebutterflies.D.ThedevotionofJamestothebutterflies.31.Whatis
thelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theimpactoftheresearch.B.ThefindingsofJames’study.C.Thereleaseoftheprisoners.D.Thelifecycleofthebutterflies.【答案】28.D2
9.C30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了DavidJames想要研究黑脉金斑蝶的迁徙，但是很难找到足够可以跟踪的蝴蝶，华盛顿州立监狱的囚犯帮助饲养蝴蝶，然后打上包括邮箱地址的标签放飞，James收到了来自发现蝴蝶的人们的信息，从而让研究
工作顺利进行，这项工作帮助研究人员确定了理想的种植马利筋和其他植被的地方，这些植被对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶蝶的生命周期很重要，也激发了一些囚犯温和的一面。28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“Theroutethebutterfliestravelhasbeenhardlykn
ownbecausethepopulationsaretoosmalltofollow.Forevery200monarchstagged(打标签)byaresearcher,onlyoneisusuallyrecoveredat
theendofitstrip,Jamessays,andfindingeven200inthewildtotagisunlikely.(蝴蝶的飞行路线几乎不为人知，因为它们的数量太少，无法跟随。詹姆斯说，每200只被研究人员标记的帝王蝴
蝶，通常只有一只在旅行结束时被找到，而在野外找到200只帝王蝶也不太可能。)”可知，对于戴维来说，研究中最困难的是找到足够的黑脉金斑蝶。故选D。29.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thetagsincludedemailaddresses,andsoona
fterthefirstbutterfliestookoff,Jamesstartedreceivingmessagesfrompeoplewhohadspottedthem.Thebutterflies,
thereportsconfirmed,winteredincoastalCalifornia.TwelveofthemlandedatLighthouseFieldStateBeachinSantaCruz.SeveralmoreheadedtoB
olinasandMorroBay.(这些标签包括电子邮件地址，在第一批蝴蝶起飞后不久，詹姆斯开始收到发现它们的人发来的信息。报道证实，这些蝴蝶在加州沿海过冬。其中12只降落在圣克鲁斯的LighthouseFieldStateBeach。更多的前往Bolinas和MorroBay。)”
可推断，在释放之前给这些蝴蝶打上标签是为了跟踪它们的旅行路线。故选C。答案解析30.细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Italsobroughtoutthegentlersideofsomeoftheprisoners.‘Theywereveryworriedthattheywe
regoingtoharmthebutterflies,’Jamessays.Watchingthemonarchchangetheirformalsotouchedthemen.‘Thisbutterflycha
nged,’Jamesrecallsprisonerstellinghim,‘andmaybewecantoo.’(它也带来了一些囚犯的温和的一面。“他们非常担心他们会伤害蝴蝶,”詹姆斯说。看着黑脉金斑蝶改变他们的形式也感动了这些男人。“这
只蝴蝶改变了,”詹姆斯回忆说,囚犯告诉他,“也许我们也可以。”)”可知，蝴蝶的改变感动了这些囚犯，他们觉得蝴蝶可以变形，他们也可以改变，因此可知是蝴蝶的改变让囚犯感觉自己也可以改变。故选C。31.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Theworkhelpsresearchersidentifyidea
lplacestoplantmilkweedandothervegetationthatareimportanttothelifecycleofWestCoastmonarchbutterflies.Ita
lsobroughtoutthegentlersideofsomeoftheprisoners.(这项工作帮助研究人员确定理想了的种植马利筋和其他植被的地方，这些植被对西海岸黑脉金斑蝶蝶的生命周期很重要。它也激发了一些囚犯温和的一面。)”可推断，本段主要讲述这项研究工作的影响。故选A
。态度观点态度类试题解题指导态度观点态度类试题的解题方法：第一：结合题干人物和内容定位原文出现在哪一（些）段；然后仔细比对该句言外之意；第二：加入自己的态度。要注意区分试题考查的是作者的态度还是作者引用别人的态度；第三：态度没有明确提出时，要学会根据作者在文章中所运用
词汇的褒贬性去判断作者的态度，尤其是动词、形容词和副词，如wonderfully,successfully,unfortunately,doubtfully等。乐观支持类词汇：optimistic乐观的；p
ositive肯定的；favorable支持的，赞同的；supportive支持的；approving赞成的客观中立类词汇：objective客观的；neutral中立的；cautious谨慎的消极反对类词汇：negative否定的；opposite相反的；unfair公正的；d
oubtful怀疑的；indifferent漠不关心的；critical批评的；ironic讽刺的；skeptical质疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞同的；pessimistic悲观的；dismissive轻蔑的，不屑一顾的考例1（202
3年全国甲卷C篇）Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentth
esummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothin
gkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou
—andthentrytoexplainthem.EricWeiner’sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreaw
akenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkand解题指导experiencephilosophy.Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatr
ainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearnt
owonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandin
gphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexper
iences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,and
hebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExp
ressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneli
ness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime,e
veniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.C.Jos
teinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgre
atworks.C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinersbook.30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?A.Itsviewsonhisto
ryarewell-presented.B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.D.Itleavesanopenending.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWei
nersbook?A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.D【解析】【导语】
这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书TheSocratesExpress唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了TheSocratesExpress这本书，倡导读者花时间去读这本书。28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Iwasabout13whenanunclegave
meacopyofJosteinGaarder’sSophie’sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandout
ofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本JosteinGaarder的《Sophie的世界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很
新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，JosteinGaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选C。29.推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainride
betweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisar
eadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.(Weiner在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间
火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来
描写读完这本书后我们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiners的书。故选D。30.细节理解题。根据第四段中“This,morethanabookaboutund
estandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.(这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜欢TheS
ocratesExpress这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hemakesphilosopicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperience
s,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“
TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,lonelin
ess,andaging.(TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默
又简单易懂。故选D。考例2（2021年新高考I卷D篇）Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandem
otionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability
,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemm
ovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpur
poses.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentia
lvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligen
cerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthi
spopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thep
opularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityof
emotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.Itcanbemeasuredbyan
IQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.W
hydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeapredic
tion.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Do
ubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expect
ationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解题导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的
观点，同时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。32.D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’
smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimisma
nd‘peopleskills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。33.B。推理判断题。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalin
telligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。34.A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“theauthor’sattitude
tothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasona
blysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopular
ization...”和“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。35.B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Althoughthecontinuingpopulara
ppealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.”可知，虽然情
商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtost
udyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。1（2018·全国·高考真题）We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineat
thebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortabl
esilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelyth
atnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers
,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmal
ltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smallta
lkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySouth
east.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers
,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffee
shop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theres
ultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂
It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialne
tworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothe
rs.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.1．Whatphenomenonisdescribe
dinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicatio
nbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.历年真题速递2．WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A．Show
inggoodmanners.B．Relatingtootherpeople.C．Focusingonatopic.D．Makingbusinessdeals.3．Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A．Itimprovesf
amilyrelationships.B．Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C．Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D．Itmakespeoplefeelgood.4．Whatistheb
esttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCountsB．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalkD．UncomfortableSilence【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．C【分析】这是一篇议论文。
在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。1．主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电
梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。
D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。2．推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说，成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjus
tcommunicatewiththem”（成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。）由此推断C符合题意。A项意为：表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为：与他人有关的。C项意为：专注于一个话题。D项意为：做商业交易。故
选B项。3．推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感
觉很好。故选D项。4．主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。
C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。2（2024·浙江·统考高考真题）TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedbypsychologistWal
terMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat,selectedbythechild,wasplacedonatable.Eachchil
dwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudies
withthechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvari
ousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—
allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmal
lowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld,andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatstha
treflectedtheirvalue—afeelingofrewardandsatisfaction.Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecos
tandeffortinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstrugglet
oresisttemptingfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.Asimilarprocessisatworkinourresponsetoinformation.Ourformativeenvironmentasaspecieswasinforma
tion-poor,soourbrainsdevelopedamechanismthatprizednewinformation.Butglobalconnectivityhasgreatlychangedourinfor
mationenvironment.Wearenowceaselesslybombarded(轰炸)withnewinformation.Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtf
ulaboutourcaloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertom
anageourtimemosteffectively.5．WhatdidthechildrenneedtodotogetasecondtreatinMischel’stest?A．Takeanexaminationalone.B．Showrespectfortheresearch
ers.C．Sharetheirtreatswithothers.D．Delayeatingforfifteenminutes.6．Accordingtoparagraph3,thereisamismatchbetween___________
.A．thecalorie-poorworldandourgoodappetitesB．theshortageofsugarandournutritionalneedsC．therichfoodsupplyandourunchangedbrai
nsD．thetemptingfoodsandoureffortstokeepfit7．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdo?A．Absorbnewinformationreadily.B．Beselectiveinformationconsumers.C．U
sediverseinformationsources.D．Protecttheinformationenvironment.8．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．EatLess,ReadMoreB．TheBi
tterTruthaboutEarlyHumansC．TheLater,theBetterD．TheMarshmallowTestforGrownups【答案】5．D6．C7．B8．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品
”，文章对此进行了介绍。5．细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat,theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟
，他们将得到第二次奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Butaswe’vereshapedtheworldaroundus,dramaticallyreducingthecostandeffor
tinvolvedinobtainingcalories,westillhavethesamebrainswehadthousandsofyearsago,andthismismatchisattheheartofwhysomanyofusstruggletoresisttemptin
gfoodsthatweknowweshouldn’teat.(但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的
核心原因。)”可知，根据第三段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore,justasweneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutour
caloricconsumption,wealsoneedtobemorethoughtfulaboutourinformationconsumption,resistingthetemptationofthemental“junkfood”inordertomanageou
rtimemosteffectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。8．主旨大意题。根据第二段
“Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(诱惑)bysugarytreats,butbyourcomputers,phones,andtablets—all
thedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.(作为成年人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖
测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
3（2023·全国·统考高考真题）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhath
ascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumbero
findependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talways
thesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultin
ginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsr
equiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatew
illgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(转折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestud
ywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthese
groupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewa
ssignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresear
cherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththose
mostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequ
ently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.Althoug
hthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-ma
kingareenormous.9．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation.B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．
Thecausesofpeople’serrors.D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.10．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．the
crowdswererelativelysmallB．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicateD．estimateswerenotfullyindependent11
．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups.B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess.D．The
individualestimates.12．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．A
pproving.【答案】9．B10．D11．C12．D【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。9．主旨大意题。
根据第二段内容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendto
overestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesi
milarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequirestha
tpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewi
llgodown.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的
错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估
计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrow
dsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmal
lergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependenti
ndividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccurat
ethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个
体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。11．推理判
断题。根据第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactually
didintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochanget
heirminds?(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图
更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajas
havelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(尽管Navaja
s领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。4（2023·
云南昆明·昆明一中校考一模）RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself,andhopefullymakemeabetter“me”.TheCouragetoBeDisliked,byIchiroKishimian
dFumitakeKoya,hasatitleIjustcan’tgopast.ThebookhastakenJapanbystorm,usingthetheoriesofphilosopherAlfredAdlertocreateconversationsbetweenafictionalphi
losopherandayoungman.Theconversationscovermanybroad,interestingandtouchytopics.ThephilosophercharactersticksbythetheoriesofAdler,ande
xplainshowwearecompetenttodetermineourownlives,andbefreeoftheinfluenceofpastexperiencesandothers’expectations.It’sawayof
thinkingthatallowsustodevelopthecouragetochangeandtoignorethelimitationsplacedonus.名校好题速递Theseoftencomplextopicsareplayedouti
naconversationalstylebetweenthetwomen.Whileit’seasytofollowtheconversations,thetopicswillknockaroundinyourownhe
adasyouworkoutwhetheryousitonthesideofthephilosopher,theyoungman,orsomewhereinbetween.Thebookiswell-receivedbyreadersprimarilyowingtothef
actthatitpresentstwowell-balancedperspectivesinthearguments.You’llfindyourselfdoinghouseholdchores,oratyourkeyboa
rd,unpackingalltheinformationinyourmindandcomingtoyourownconclusions.Youwillwholeheartedlyagreeonsomepointsandwanttothrowthebookatthewallatothe
rs.Itscontentispolarising(两极化的)andIcertainlydon’tagreewitheverythingthephilosopherortheyoungmansays,butIthin
kthat’sthepoint.TheCouragetoBeDislikedistheretosparkaconversationwithyourselfanddosomeslightlyuncomfort
ablesoul-searching.13．Whichcategorydoesthebookbelongto?A．Classicliterature.B．Sciencefiction.C．Philosophyt
heory.D．Selfimprovement.14．Whichstatementmightthephilosophercharacteragreewith?A．Peoplecantakechargeoftheirlifecourse.B．Peoplearefreeoftheinfluenc
eoftheirpast.C．Peopleshouldhidetheireagernesstochange.D．Peopleoughttotaketheirlimitationsseriously.15．Howdoesthebookdevelop?A．Bypresenti
ngdialogues.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byarguingtheoretically.D．Bylistingadequatedata.16．Whyisthebookpopularwith
readers?A．Itshowsideasinplainlanguage.B．Itoffersbalancedsidestothetopics.C．Itdisplaysthescientificstatistics.D．Itavoidstheuseofphilosophi
cterms.【答案】13．D14．A15．A16．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章推荐了一本自我提升类的书籍《被讨厌的勇气》。13．推理判断题。根据第一段“RecentlyI’vebeendrawntobookswhichmotivatemetolookatmyself,andhop
efullymakemeabetter“me”.TheCouragetoBeDisliked,byIchiroKishimiandFumitakeKoya,hasatitleIjustcan’tgopast.(最近，我被一些书所吸引，它们能激励我审视自己，并希望能让我成为一个更好的“
我”。IchiroKishimi和FumitakeKoya合著的《被讨厌的勇气》有着让我无法忽视的书名。)”和最后一段中的“TheCouragetoBeDislikedistheretosparkaconversationwithyourselfanddosomeslightl
yuncomfortablesoul-searching.(《被讨厌的勇气》可以激发你和自己的对话，做一些稍微不舒服的自我反省。)”可知，书籍《被讨厌的勇气》激励读者自我反思，成为更好的自己，因此属于自我提升类书籍。故选D。14．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Th
ephilosophercharactersticksbythetheoriesofAdler,andexplainshowwearecompetenttodetermineourownlives,andbefreeoftheinfluenceo
fpastexperiencesandothers’expectations.(哲学家的角色坚持Adler的理论，并解释了我们如何有能力决定自己的生活，不受过去经验和他人期望的影响。)”可知，书中的哲学家认为人有能力决定自己的生活。因此，他应该会赞同的
观点是“人们可以主导自己的人生道路”。故选A。15．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theseoftencomplextopicsareplayedoutinaconversationalstylebetween
thetwomen.(这些通常很复杂的话题在两人之间以对话的方式展开。)”可知，这本书是通过呈现对话的方式展开的。故选A。16．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thebookiswell-receivedbyreadersprimarilyowingtothefactthatitpresentstw
owell-balancedperspectivesinthearguments.(这本书受到读者的广泛欢迎，主要是因为它在论证中呈现了两个平衡的观点。)”可知，这本书受欢迎是因为它为话题提供了平衡的观点。故选B。5（2
023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考模拟预测）Ifyouareaperfectionist,youareprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverything
justright.Youmaystrugglewithhandinginpapers,agonizeoverprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrorsfromthepa
st.Highstandardsareonething,butperfectionismisquiteanother.Andassomeresearchershavediscovered,pursuingp
erfectioncanhaveseriousconsequencestobothmentalandphysicalwell-being.Accordingtoresearchers,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealistically
highstandardsandbecomeselfcriticaliftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperienc
efailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.Inonestudy,researcher
slookedatatotalof284studies(withover57，000participants)andfoundthatperfectionismwasassociatedwithsymptomsof
depression,anxiety,obsessive-compulsivedisorder,andeatingdisorders.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigherinper
fectionism(i.e.participantswhomorestronglyidentifiedwithperfectionisttraits)alsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress.Ina
narticlepublishedin2016,researcherslookedathowperfectionismanddepressionwererelatedovertime.Theyfoundthatpeoplehigheri
nperfectionismtendedtohaveincreasesindepressionsymptoms,whichsuggeststhatperfectionismmaybeariskfactorfordevelopingdepress
ion.Inotherwords,althoughpeoplemaythinkoftheirperfectionismassomethingthathelpsthemsucceed,itappearsthatthe
irperfectionismmayactuallybeharmfulfortheirmentalhealth.Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewi
thperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspoint
outthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact,becausemistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowi
ng,embracingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.17．Whydoestheauthordescribethesceneinthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic
.B．Tomakecomparisons.C．Tosupporttheauthor’sargument.D．Todefineaconcept.18．Whocanbedefinedasaperfectionist?A．Aperson
whoisdeterminedtoachievehighgoals.B．Apersonwhotendstofeelsorryforwhathehasdone.C．Apersonwhoblameshimselffornotbeing
thatsuccessful.D．Apersonwhoholdshighstandardsforthemselves.19．Howcanperfectionismbeharmful?A．Itmaylowerone’smentalhealth.B．Itreflectso
ne’spsychologicallevel.C．Itresultsindepressionimmediately.D．Itstopsonefromrecoveringfromdepression.20．Whatwillbediscusse
dinthefollowingparagraph?A．Acallfornotbeingaperfectionist.B．Anotherside-effectofperfectionism.C．Whyperfectionismisharmful.D．Howtoavoidperfe
ctionism.【答案】17．A18．C19．A20．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，追求完美会对身心健康产生严重后果。17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Youmaystrugglewithhandinginpaper
s,agonizeoverprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrorsfromthepast.（你可能很难交论文，为工作中的项目感到苦恼，甚至担心过去的小错误。）
”和“Andassomeresearchershavediscovered,pursuingperfectioncanhaveseriousconsequencestobothmentalandphysicalwell-b
eing.（正如一些研究人员所发现的，追求完美会对身心健康产生严重后果。）”可知，第一段描述的“你可能很难交论文，为工作中的项目感到苦恼，甚至担心过去的小错误”这一场景就是为了引出文章主题——追求完美不利于身心健康。故选A。18．细节理解题。根据第二段“Accordingtoresearche
rs,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealisticallyhighstandardsandbecomeselfcriticaliftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.（据研究人员称，完美主义者坚持不
切实际的高标准，如果他们认为自己没有达到这些标准，就会自我批评。）”可知，为自己没有那么成功而自责的人属于完美主义者。故选C。19．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigherinperfectionism(i.e.participantswho
morestronglyidentifiedwithperfectionisttraits)alsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress.（他们还发现，完美主义程度更高的人，即那些更认同完美主义特征的参与者，也报告了更高
水平的总体心理压力。）”以及第四段“Inotherwords,althoughpeoplemaythinkoftheirperfectionismassomethingthathelpsthemsucceed,
itappearsthattheirperfectionismmayactuallybeharmfulfortheirmentalhealth.（换句话说，尽管人们可能认为完美主义有助于他们成功，但似乎他们的完美主义实际上可能对他们的心理健康有害。）”
可知，完美主义的害处在于会降低心理健康水平。故选A。20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewithperfecti
onisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?（既然完美主义与消极结果相关，那么有完美主义倾向的人可以做些什么来改变他们的行为呢？）”可知，文章接下来会就如何避免完美主义给出具体建议。故选D。6（2023·重庆·模拟预测）Argumentsisonthemenuto
nightatthecaféLaChope.Thisevening,asoneveryThursdaynight,psychologistMaudLehanneisleadingtwoofFrance’sfavoritepastimes,coffeedrinkingandthe
“talkingcure”.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn’talwayseasy.Theycustomers—somethirtyParisians
whopayjustunder$2(plusdrinks)persession—arequicktointellectualize(高谈阔论),slowtoopenupandconnect.“Youareforbiddentosay‘onefeels’or‘peoplethink’,”
Lehanetoldthem.“Say‘Ithink’‘Thinkme’.”Acafésocietywherenointellectualizingisallowed?Itcouldn’tseemmoreun-French.ButLehanne’spsychologycaf
éisaboutmorethanknowingoneself:It’stryingtohelpthecity’stroubledneighborhoodcafes.Overtheyears,Parisiancaféshavefall
envictimtochangesintheFrenchlifestyle—longerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.Dozensofnewthemec
afésappeartochangethesituation.Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringarecatchingon,fillingtableswellintotheevening.T
hecity’spsychologycafés,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.Middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometosuc
hcafestotalkaboutlover,anger,anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehance’sgroupjusttolearntosaywh
attheyfeel.There’sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,saysMauriceFrisch,acaféLaChoperegularwhoworksasreligiousinstructorinanearbyc
hurch.“Peoplehavefewrealfriends.Andtheyneedtoopenup.”Lehannesaysshe’dliketoseepsychologycafésalloverFrance.“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecaféswouldn’
texist,”shesays.“Iflifeweren’tabattle,peoplewouln’tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak.”Butthen,itwouldn’tbeFrance.21．Whatarep
eopleencouragedtodoatthecaféLaChope?A．Learnanewcourse.B．Contactfriends.C．Showofftheirknowledge.D．Conveytheirtruefeelings.22．Howarec
afésaffectedbyFrenchlifestylechanges?A．Theyarelessvisited.B．Theystayopenforlongerhours.C．Theyhavemorepeopleatnight.D．Theybeginto
offerfastfood.23．Whatarethemecafésexpectedtodo?A．Createmorejobs.B．Providebetterdrinks.C．Savethecafebusine
ss.D．Servethecommunity.24．Whyarepsychologycafésacceptedbysomanypeople?A．Theybringpeopletruefriendship
.B．Theygivepeoplespiritualsupport.C．Theyhelppeopleachievetheirdreams.D．Theyconnectallkindsofbusinesses.【答案】21．D22．A
23．C24．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在法国心理咖啡馆逐渐流行起来，在这里人们被鼓励表达自己的真实情感，从而得到慰藉。21．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.”（在这里，他们正在
学习接触自己的真实感受。）可知，在这个咖啡馆，人们被鼓励表达自己的真实情感。故选D项。22．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Overtheyears,ParisiancaféshavefallenvictimtochangesintheFr
enchlifestyle—longerworkinghours,afast-foodboomandayoungergeneration’sdesiretospendmoretimeathome.”（多年来，巴黎咖啡馆成为了法
国人生活方式变化的牺牲品——工作时间变长，快餐热潮兴起，年轻一代希望有更多时间待在家里。）可知，因为法国人生活方式的变化，咖啡馆的顾客减少，生意大不如前。故选A项。23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dozensofnewthemecafésappe
artochangethesituation.”（许多新的主题咖啡似乎改变了这种状况。）可知，主题咖啡馆的目的是改变现状，拯救日渐惨淡的咖啡馆生意。故选C项。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是其中的“Thecit
y’spsychologycafés,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.”（这个城市的心理咖啡馆提供极大的舒适感，是最受欢迎的地方之一。）可知
，在心理咖啡馆里，人们被鼓励表达自己真实的情感，表达沟通的需求被满足。由此推知，心理咖啡馆受欢迎的原因是顾客在那里能够得到精神上的慰藉。故选B项。7（2023·安徽蚌埠·统考模拟预测）Haveyoueverwondere
dwhatanimalsaretalkingabout?WiththedevelopmentofAI,wemaybeabletounderstandtheirlanguages!InProfessorKarenBakker’snewbook,TheSoundsofLi
fe:HoneDigitalTechnologyIsBringingUsClosertotheWorldsofAnimalsandPlants,shetalksabouthowAIishelpingustomakeananimalversi
onofGoogleTranslate.Allaroundtheanimalkingdom,therearesoundsthatwecanhardlypickupandunderstand.Elephantsforexampletalkwitheachother
usinginfrasound(次声波)—farbelowourhumanhearingrange.Coral(珊瑚)intheoceanalsosendssoundwavestoattractbabycoraltosaferareastogr
ow.Thisissurprisingascoraldoesn’thaveanyears!Scientistshaveplacedlisteningequipmentintotheseenvironmentstopickupthesoundshumanscannothear.Aftert
hesoundsarerecorded,AIcanstudytheirmeaning,accordingtothenewswebsiteVox.Forexample,IsraeliresearchersusedAItotranslatebats’15,000ca
lls.Theyfoundthatmorethan60percentwereargumentsaboutfourthings:food,sleeppositions,occupationofperso
nalspace,andunwantedadvances.Thistechnologycannotonlyunderstandtheanimalsbutcommunicatebacktothem.Forexample,beesusedancestocommunicate.A
researchteaminGermany,therefore,putthebeelanguageAIsystemintoarobotbee.Theyaskedtherobottocreateadanceroutetotellthebee
swherethenectar(花蜜)was,Voxreported.25．WhatisKarenBakker’snewbookmainlyabout?A．HowAIhelpstranslateanimals’sounds.B．WhyAIcanhelppeopleresearch
animals.C．HowAIhelpspeopledotranslationsbetter.D．Whyanimalsneedhelpfromhumanbeings.26．Whatdoweknowaboutthesoundsmadebyanimals
?A．Nosoundsbyanimalscanbeheardbyhumans.B．Thesoundsguaranteeanimalssaferareastolive.C．Coralshaveearstosendandreceivesoundwaves.D．Elephants’soundwav
esarebeyondhumanhearing.27．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theargumentsofbats.B．Therecordingofanimalsounds.C．
Thecontentsofthenewswebsite.D．ThefindingsofAItranslation.28．Howcouldscientiststellbeeswherethenectarwas?A．Bylearningthebeelanguage.B．Bycrea
tingaroutewithAIsystem.C．Byemployingarobotbeeastheirguide.D．Byaskingarobotbeetoteachthemdance.【答案】25．A26
．D27．D28．C【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了能听懂动物语言的人工智能技术。25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“InProfessorKarenBakker’snewbook,TheSoundsofLife:HoneDigi
talTechnologyIsBringingUsClosertotheWorldsofAnimalsandPlants,shetalksabouthowAIishelpingustomakeananimalversi
onofGoogleTranslate.(在KarenBakker教授的新书《生命之声：数字技术让我们更接近动植物世界》中，她谈到了人工智能如何帮助我们制作动物版的谷歌翻译。)”可知，KarenBakk
er的新书主要讲的是人工智能如何帮助翻译动物的声音。故选A。26．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Allaroundtheanimalkingdom,therearesoundsthatwecanhardlypickupandunders
tand.Elephantsforexampletalkwitheachotherusinginfrasound(次声波)—farbelowourhumanhearingrange.(在动物王国里，有一些我们很难听懂的声音。例如，大象用次声交流——远低于人类的听觉范围。)”
可知，大象的声波是人类听不见的。故选D。27．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Afterthesoundsarerecorded,AIcanstudytheirmeaning,accordingtothenewswe
bsiteVox.Forexample,IsraeliresearchersusedAItotranslatebats’15,000calls.Theyfoundthatmorethan60percentwereargum
entsaboutfourthings:food,sleeppositions,occupationofpersonalspace,andunwantedadvances.(据新闻网站Vox报道，在声音被录下来后，人工智能可以研究它们的意思。例如，以色列研究人员使用人工智能来翻译蝙蝠的1.5
万种叫声。他们发现，超过60%的争论是关于四件事:食物、睡眠姿势、占用个人空间和不必要的挑逗。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能翻译的发现。故选D。28．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“AresearchteaminGermany,therefore,pu
tthebeelanguageAIsystemintoarobotbee.Theyaskedtherobottocreateadanceroutetotellthebeeswherethenectar(花蜜)was,Voxreported.(因此，德国的一个研
究小组将蜜蜂语言人工智能系统植入了机器人蜜蜂。据Vox报道，他们要求机器人创造一条舞蹈路线，告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。)”可知，科学家通过用一只机器蜜蜂做他们的向导来告诉蜜蜂花蜜在哪里。故选C。8（2023·安徽·校联考三模）Modernlifeisfullofthingsthatcaninfluenc
eyourabilitytobesensitiveandresponsivetoyourchild.Theseincludeextrawork,lackofsleep,andthingslikemobiledevices.Someexpertsareconcernedabou
ttheeffectsthatthesethingstriggeroffonemotionalbondingandchildren’slanguagedevelopment,socialinteraction,andsafety.Ifparentsare
inconsistentlyavailable,kidscangetdistressed(苦恼的)andfeelhurt,rejected,orignored.Theymayhavemoreemotionaloutburstsandfeelalone.Theymayeven
stoptryingtocompetefortheirparent’sattentionandstarttoloseemotionalconnectionstotheirparents.“Therearetimeswh
enkidsreallydoneedyourattentionandwantyourrecognition.Parentsneedtocommunicatethattheirkidsarevaluableandimportant,andchildrenneedtoknowthatparents
carewhatthey’redoing,”explainsCrnic,apsychologist.“Kidsstarttoregulatetheirownemotionsandbehavioraroundagethree.Up
untilthen,theydependmoreonyoutohelpthemregulatetheiremotions,whethertocalmthemorhelpgetthemexcited,”
headds.Dr.CarolMetzler,whostudiesparentingattheOregonResearchInstitute,explains,“They’rewatchingyoutoseehowyoudoitand
listeningtohowyoutalktothemaboutit.Parentsneedtobegoodself-regulators.You’renotonlytryingtoregulateyourownemotionsinthemome
nt,buthelpingyourchildlearntomanagetheiremotionsandbehavior.Itcanbetoughtorespondtoyourkidswithsensitivityduringtan
trums(精神痛苦),arguments,orotherchallengingtimes.Ifparentsrespondbybeingbad-temperedoraggressive(攻击性的)themselves,childrencancopyth
atbehavior,andanegativecyclethencontinuestoupgrade.”Askidsbecomebetteratmanagingtheirfeelingsandbehavior,it’sim
portanttohelpthemdevelopcopingskills,likeactiveproblemsolving.Suchskillscanhelpthemfeelconfidentinhandlingwhatcomestheirway.29．Whic
hofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“triggeroff”?A．Setoff.B．Burstinto.C．Consistof.D．Divefor.30．
WhydoesMetzlerthinkittoughtorespondtokidssensitivelyinParagraph4?A．Becausekidsareunabletomakeouttheirparents’arguments.B．Becauseparentsare
toosensitivetotrainkidstobeaggressive.C．Becausekidscannotcopytheirparents’behaviorontheseoccasions.D．Becauseparentshaveto
controltheirfeelingsandteachittotheirkids.31．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．Parentsshouldnotbebad-temperedinfrontoftheirkids.
B．Parentsshouldconsistentlydeveloptheirproblemsolvingskills.C．Parentsshouldengagewithkidsandrespondtothempositively.D．Parentsshouldcontinuous
lyupgradetheirlanguageandemotions.32．Whatwillthewriterprobablytalkaboutnext?A．Thewaytotrainkidstobeconfident.B．Thewaytotrainki
ds’abilitiestodealwithmatters.C．Thewaytotrainkidstoself-regulatetheiremotions.D．Thewaytotrainkids’abilitiestobesensitiveandresponsibe.【答案】29．A30．D
31．C32．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要与孩子建立密切的联系并积极地影响孩子。29．词义猜测题。根据第一自然段“Modernlifeisfullofthingsthatcaninfluenceyourabilitytobesensitiveandresponsivetoyourch
ild.Theseincludeextrawork,lackofsleep,andthingslikemobiledevices.Someexpertsareconcernedabouttheeffectsthatthesethingstriggeroffonemotionalbondingan
dchildren’slanguagedevelopment,socialinteraction,andsafety.(现代生活中充满了会影响你对孩子敏感和反应能力的事情。其中包括额外的工作、睡眠不足以及移动设备等。一些专家担心这些事情会对情感纽带、儿童语言发展、社交和安全trigg
eroff影响。)”可知，本段主要讲述了影响父母理解、体恤孩子并积极回应孩子能力的事物及其所引发的后果。划线词所在句为定语从句，意为“这些事物所产生的影响”，修饰effects，由此可推知，画线短语与A项“setoff(引起)”意思相近。故选
A。30．细节理解题。根据第四自然段“Parentsneedtobegoodself-regulators.You’renotonlytryingtoregulateyourownemotionsinthemoment,bu
thelpingyourchildlearntomanagetheiremotionsandbehavior.Itcanbetoughtorespondtoyourkidswithsensitivityduringtantrums(精神痛苦),arguments,orotherc
hallengingtimes.(父母需要成为良好的自我调节者。你不仅试图在当下调节自己的情绪，还帮助孩子学会管理自己的情绪和行为。在孩子发脾气、争吵或其他具有挑战性的时候，你很难以敏感的态度回应他们。)
”可知，在第4段中，Metzler认为对孩子们做出敏感的回应很困难，这是因为父母在这些时候不仅要自我调节情绪，还要帮助孩子学会管控情绪和行为。故选D。31．主旨大意题。本文首段和第二段提出了现代生活中的一些事物会影响父母与孩子建立密切的联系并回应孩子，以及由此而引发
的对孩子的负面影响；第三段讲述了孩子的成长过程中需要父母的陪伴与认同；第四段讲述了孩子在情绪和行为方面会效仿父母以及父母应当避免负面的情绪和行为被孩子效仿；末段讲述了父母还应教会孩子解决实际问题的技能。由此可知，文章主要讲了
父母应该与孩子互动，并积极回应他们。故选C。32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Askidsbecomebetteratmanagingtheirfeelingsandbehavior,it’simportanttohelpthemdevelopcop
ingskills,likeactiveproblemsolving.Suchskillscanhelpthemfeelconfidentinhandlingwhatcomestheirway.(随着孩子们越来越善于管理自己的情绪和行为，帮助他们发展应对技能是很重要的，比如积极主动地
解决问题。这样的技能可以帮助他们在处理自己面临的问题时感到自信。)”可知，此处讲述了父母帮助孩子发展解决问题的技能很重要，由此可推测，作者接下来会谈及如何培养孩子解决实际问题的技能。故选B。9（2023·全国·
模拟预测）TherehasbeenabitterargumentwithintheAustraliancommunityoverahorseracingeventadvertisedontheSydneyOperaHouse.Whilesomebe
lievetheOperaHouseisAustralia’s“biggestbillboard(大幅广告牌)”andshouldbeusedforeconomicgain,othersareshockedthatthegovernmenthasallowedthenationallan
dmarktobepollutedwithbranding.AsaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite,theSydneyOperaHouseisanimportantAustralianbuildingrecognizedalloverthewo
rldandoneofthecountry’smostfrequentlyvisitedtouristattractions.Inthepast,theOperaHousehasbeenusedtopromoteahandfulofcharities,culturalfestivals,etc.H
owever,thesehaveaimedtohighlighteventsthatbringadvantagetoordinarypeople,notasingleprofitingbrand.SomehavearguedthatpromotingbrandsonthesailsoftheOpe
raHouseisjustlikeadvertisingonanyotherbillboardormarketingspacewiththepowertosignificantlyencouragetourismand
growth.Whilethismaybetrue,ifadvertisingcontinuestohappen,theOperaHousecouldrisklosingitsreputation,whichcoulddevaluethelandmarkanda
ctuallydamageitstourismappeal.AlthoughlandmarksaroundtheworldsuchastheEiffelTowerandMoscow’sRedSquar
ehavebeenusedforadvertising,theyalsocausedsomeargumentsamongthepublic.Forinstance,amajorfashionbrandplacedagian
tbrandedsuitcaseinthecenterofMoscow’sRedSquare;however,itwasremovedshortlyafterwardsastouristscomplaineditwasso
bigthatitblockedviewsofmajorlandmarksites.Theadvertisementcausedargumentsamongthepublicandfinallyfai
ledtoleaveapositiveimpact.SowhatwilladvertisingontheOperaHouselookliketointernationaltourists?Willtheybeamazedanddrawn
toawonderfulcountry,orwilltheyseeadvertisingassomethingreducingtheculturalvalueofanationalsymbol?Wethinkit’sclearthatournational
treasuresdeservetherespectandadmirationthatcomewiththem,andadvertisingshouldbelimitedtoimportantcauses,notcampaignsforcommercialgain.33．Wha
tcausedtheheateddebateamongAustralians?A．ThebiggestbillboardattheOperaHouse.B．TheOperaHouse’sbeingusedforadvertising.C．The
horseracingeventheldattheOperaHouse.D．Thefamousnationallandmark’sbeingpolluted.34．Whatcanbelearnedaboutthepreviousacti
vitiesattheOperaHouse?A．Theywereinthepublicinterest.B．Theycaughtinternationalattention.C．Theyweredesignedtoattracttou
rists.D．Theybroughtgreateconomicbenefits.35．WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofMoscow’sRedSquare?A．Topresenthowcompaniesbenefitfr
omattractions.B．Tostressthevarioustypesofpromotionsinattractions.C．Toexplainwhytouristsdislikebillboardsonland
marks.D．Toshowthenegativeeffectsofadvertisingonlandmarks.36．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthecommercialactmentionedatthebeginning?A．Favourable.B．
Doubtful.C．Intolerant.D．Objective.【答案】33．B34．A35．D36．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。一个在悉尼歌剧院投放的商业活动推广广告引发了公众的热议。作者认为人们应当尊重国家的瑰宝，而不是通过它们获取经济利益。33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thereha
sbeenabitterargumentwithintheAustraliancommunityoverahorseracingeventadvertisedontheSydneyOperaHouse.(对于悉尼歌剧院广告中的赛马活动，澳大利亚社区内部一直存在激烈的争论。)”可知，悉尼歌剧院的赛
马活动广告引起了澳大利亚人的激烈争论。故选B项。34．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Inthepast,theOperaHousehasbeenusedtopromoteahandfulofcharities,cultu
ralfestivals,etc.However,thesehaveaimedtohighlighteventsthatbringadvantagetoordinarypeople,notasingleprofitingbrand.(过去，歌剧院曾被用来宣传一些慈善机构、文化节等。然而，
这些活动旨在突出为普通人带来优势的活动，而不是一个盈利的品牌。)”可知，之前在悉尼歌剧院举行的活动都是符合公众利益的。故选A项。35．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Forinstance,amajorfashionbrandpl
acedagiantbrandedsuitcaseinthecenterofMoscow’sRedSquare;however,itwasremovedshortlyafterwardsastouristscomplaineditwassobigt
hatitblockedviewsofmajorlandmarksites.Theadvertisementcausedargumentsamongthepublicandfinallyfailedtoleave
apositiveimpact.(例如，一个主要时尚品牌在莫斯科红场中心放置了一个巨大的品牌手提箱；然而，不久之后，由于游客抱怨它太大，挡住了主要地标的视线，它被拆除了。这则广告引起了公众的争论，最终未能留下积极的影响。)”以及第三
段中的“Whilethismaybetrue,ifadvertisingcontinuestohappen,theOperaHousecouldrisklosingitsreputation,whichcouldd
evaluethelandmarkandactuallydamageitstourismappeal.(虽然这可能是真的，但如果广告继续出现，歌剧院可能会面临失去声誉的风险，这可能会使这座地标贬值，并实际损害其旅
游吸引力。)”可知，作者提及莫斯科红场的例子是为了说明将地标用于商业宣传，最终会带来负面影响。故选D项。36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Wethinkit’sclearthatournationaltreasuresdeservetherespectandadmirationth
atcomewiththem,andadvertisingshouldbelimitedtoimportantcauses,notcampaignsforcommercialgain.(我们认为，很明显，我们的国宝值得尊敬和钦佩，广告应该仅限于重要的事业，而不是为了商业
利益而进行的活动。)”可知，作者对文章开头提到的商业行为（即在悉尼歌剧院进行商业活动宣传与推广）持反对意见。故选C。10（2023·四川·校联考模拟预测）Thecloningtechnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsam
ongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffersawayforhumanbeingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人恶魔
)whowilldestroyusallintheend.FOR◆Cloningisimportantforwomenwhoaresingletohaveachild,usingcloninginsteadofartificialin
semination(授精).Cloningcouldalsoprovideacopyofachildforacouplewhosechilddied.◆Anothergoalofcloningistoproducelivestock(家畜)withidealcharactersforagric
ultureandindustryandtobeabletomanufacturebiologicalproductssuchasproteinsforhumans.◆Cloningcouldbeusedinvariouswaystobenefitthel
ivesofhumans.◆Itmayprovideawayforcompletelysterileindividualstoreproduce!Itmayprovideawayforhomosexualcou
plestoreproducethemselves,anditwillprobablyprovideavaluablebasicresearchandpossiblyspinofftechnologiesrela
tedtoreproductionanddevelopment.◆Cloningwouldalsomeanthatorganscouldbecloned,soitwouldbeasourceofperfectorgansfortransplant.Thissurelywouldbeimmens
elybeneficialtomillionsofunfortunatepeoplewhoareexpectedtolosetheirlivesduetofailureofasingleorganormoreorgans.AGAINST◆Cloningwouldinterveneinthe
normalcycleoflife.Therewouldbealargenumberofidentical(相同的)genes,whichminimizes(使减少到最低限度)thechancesofmutation(变异),and,inturn,evo
lution—thefundamentalreasonwhylivingthingsnaturallyadapttotheever-changingenvironment.◆Withgeneticengineeringandhumancloningitispossibletousethesei
nthearsenal(兵工厂)ofethniccleansing(清洗)creatinginequalityinoursociety,whichwouldbethebeginningofmanywars.◆Anotherargumentagainstcloningisthatitwo
uldbeavailableonlytothewealthyandthereforewouldincreasesocialinequality.◆Ifthetechnologyweretobeso,scientistscouldtransferhuma
ngenesintoanimals’andviceversa,whichwouldheightenthedangerofdevelopingzoonoses,diseasesthataretransmittedfromanimalstohuman
s.Itcouldcreateaworldwidecatastrophethatnoonewouldbeabletostop.◆Geneticengineeringwillcauseunseendisastersspiralingourworldintochaoticdarkness.◆Clo
ningdeadlovedoneswillnotbringthemback;theymaylooklikethem,buttheywillhaveadifferentpersonality.37．Ifasingleladywantsababybutshedoesnotacceptartific
ialinsemination,shemight________.A．thinkaboutcloningtechnologytocopyoneB．beagainsthavingachildfromcloningtechnologyC．producelivestockwithid
ealcharactersD．speaklittleofthecloningtechnology38．Thepurposeofthewriterwritingthepassageisto________.A．encourageustosup
porttheideasofFORB．adviseustoaccepttheideasofAGAINSTC．tellustounderstandtheideasofFORandAGAINSTcorrectlyD
．introduceustoremembertheideasofFORandAGAINST39．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardscloning?A．Favorable.B．Objecti
ve.C．Critical.D．Doubtful.40．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howmanyadvantagesarethere?B．Howmanydisadv
antagesarethere?C．Whichsideiswrong?D．Whichsideareyouwith?【答案】37．A38．C39．B40．D【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了支持和反对克隆技术的不同观点和意见。37．细节理解题。根据FOR项
第一条中的“Cloningisimportantforwomenwhoaresingletohaveachild,usingcloninginsteadofartificialinsemination(授精).(克隆
技术对单身女性生孩子很重要，用克隆技术代替人工授精)”可知，如果一位单身女性想生孩子但是不接受人工授精，她可以考虑用克隆技术克隆出一个孩子，故选A。38．推理判断题。根据全文大意，尤其是第一段“Thecloningt
echnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsamongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffersawayforhumanb
eingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人恶魔)whowilldestroyusallintheend.(克隆技术引起了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种
克服自身基因缺陷的方法。其他人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，本文的写作目的就是让大家正确认识人们对克隆技术所持的赞同与反对的观点。故选C。39．推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者只是列举了对克隆技术的正反两种观点，所以对此持客观态度，故选B。4
0．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Thecloningtechnologyhasarousedheateddiscussionsamongpeople.Someofthemspeakhighlyofthetechnologybyclaimingthatitoffers
awayforhumanbeingstoconquertheirowngeneticdefects.Othersconsideritanogre(食人恶魔)whowilldestroyusallintheend.
(克隆技术引起了人们的热烈讨论。他们中的一些人高度赞扬这项技术，声称它为人类提供了一种克服自身基因缺陷的方法。其他人认为它是食人魔，最终会毁灭我们所有人。)”可知，文章从FOR与AGAINST两个角度陈述了人们对克隆技术持有的不同观点，因此D项“W
hichsideareyouwith?(你赞成哪一边？)”为最佳标题。故选D。
