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专题03说明文专练一1.（2023·四川内江·统考一模）AcompanycalledOpenAIhasrecentlyannouncedanewversionofitsartificialintelligence(AI)artist,DALL

-E2.Givenjustashortsentencedescribingapicture,thetoolcancreatecomplicatedimages(图像)inmanydifferentstyles.OpenAIhasalreadychangedtheworldon

cewithitsAIwritingtool,GPT-3.GPT-3wastrainedonhugeamountsofwritinginmanydifferentstyles.Whenitwasreleasedin2020,itshockedpeoplebyquicklycreatin

gcomplete,well-writtenarticlesindifferentstyles.ItissopowerfulthatOpenAIhastriedtobeprudentwhenitcomestohowitallowspeopletousethetool,tomakesuiretha

titisn’tusedforharmfulpurposes.DALL-EactuallygrewoutofanefforttoapplyGPT-3toimages.OpenAIreleasedthefirstversionofDALL-Elastyear.DA

LL-E2isevenmorepowerful.DALL-E2hasbeentrainedonmassivenumbersofpictureswithmatchingdescriptions,whichmeansit“knows”alotabouthowdiffer

entthingslook.DALL-Estartsitsimageswithapatternofrandomdots.Itthenchangesthepatternofthosedotsuntildifferentpartsoftheimagebegintomatc

hthedescriptiontheDALL-Eisgiven.DoesDALL-E2havesomethingnew?TheusercanselectanareaofanimageandaskDALL-E2toputsomethinginto

thepicture,ortakeitout.Someartistsareconcernedthattheirjobopportunitiesmightbelimitedifacomputersystemcanmakesuchhi

ghqualitypicturesondemandsoeasy.OpenAIsaysthetoolwillallowartiststobecreativeinnewways.Tomakesurethetoolisn’tmisus

ed,OpenAIalreadyhasstrictrulesaboutthesortsofimagesthatcanbecreatedwithDALL-E.OneofthoserulespreventsDALL-Efromcreatingrealisticpictur

esofactualpeople.Fornow,thecompanyisn’treleasingDALL-E2.Instead,itisallowingasmallnumberofpeopletoworkwiththetooltolearnmoreabout

whatworkswell,andtodiscoverpossibleproblems.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prudent”inparagraph2mean?A．Confident.B．Proud.C．Patient.D．Careful.2．

WhichisoneofthetalentsDALL-E2has?A．Describingpicturesondemand.B．Processingtheexistingpictures.C．Teaching

artistshowtopaint.D．Gradingpaintingsbyhumans.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutDALL-E2fromthelastparagraph?A．Itwillreachconsume

rssoon.B．Itisnotusedbyactualpeople.C．Itisbeingimprovedatpresent.D．ItisadvertisedwidelybyOpenAI.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthete

xt?A．HowDALL-E2MakesUseofGPT-3B．WhyOpenAIDevelopsItsDALL-E2C．DALL-E2HelpsOfferArtistsNewJobsD．FromWords,DALL-E2Creat

esPictures【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。OpenAI公司的AI系统DALL-E2在功能上有了很大的飞跃。它的创造性也引起了一些艺术家的担忧。1．词句猜测题。根据下文“tomakesurethatitisn’tusedforharmfulpur

poses.”（以确保它不会被用于有害的目的）可知，它是如此强大，以至于OpenAI在如何允许人们使用该工具时一直试图谨慎，以确保它不会被用于有害的目的。所以划线词的意思是“小心，谨慎”。故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据第四段“DoesDALL-E2ha

vesomethingnew?TheusercanselectanareaofanimageandaskDALL-E2toputsomethingintothepicture,ortakeitout.”（DALL-E2有什么新东西

吗?用户可以选择图像的一个区域，并要求dall-e2在图像中添加或删除某些内容）可知，DALL-E2优势之一是处理现有图片。故选B项。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fornow,thecompanyisn

’treleasingDALL-E2.Instead,itisallowingasmallnumberofpeopletoworkwiththetooltolearnmoreaboutwhatworkswell,and

todiscoverpossibleproblems.”（目前，该公司尚未发布DALL-E2。相反，它允许一小部分人使用该工具来了解更多有用的东西，并发现可能的问题。）可知，DALL-E2目前正在被改进。故选

C项。4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“AcompanycalledOpenAIhasrecentlyannouncedanewversionofitsartificialintelligence(AI)artist,DALL-E2.Givenjustashortsentencedes

cribingapicture,thetoolcancreatecomplicatedimages(图像)inmanydifferentstyles.”（一家名为OpenAI的公司最近宣布了其人工智能（AI）艺术家DALL-E2的新

版本。只要给出一个描述图片的简短句子，该工具就可以创建多种不同风格的复杂图像）可知，本文介绍了OpenAI公司的AI系统DALL-E2能根据文字创建图片所以短文的最佳标题为“DALL-E2可以根据文字创建图片”。故选D项。2.（2022·甘肃

兰州·统考一模）Areyouplanningtoeatouttonightorareyougoingtostayintosavethepennies(省钱)?Amealoutatagoodrestaurantorevenapizzeriacancos

tyouasmallfortune,socookingforyourselfmakesfinancialsense.Butwiththeriseinfoodprices,it’simportanttobeawiseshoppertokeepyourfoodbillin

check.Thesedaysoursupermarketshelvesarepackedwithtemptingfooditems,fromthedailystaples,likebreadandmilk,totheexotic,likeman

goesandkiwifruits(猕猴桃).There’salsotheoptionofbuyingreadymeals-convenientfoodthatcomesataprice.However,ifyou’refeelinghardu

p(拮据),therearethingsyoucandotomakethemoneyyouspendonfoodgofurther.AccordingtotheBBCFoodwebsite,it’sallaboutchangingyourhabits.Itclaimsthat

cookingfulfillingandtastymealsonabudgetiseasy.Itsuggestsanumberof“tricks”suchasusingcheapercutsofmeat,“choosesmallamountsofm

eatwithlessexpensiveproteins”and“transformsmallquantitiesofleftoversintoaheavymeal”.Afavoriteentertainmentofminetohelpwhenmoneyisti

ghtistostockuponitemsthatareonspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals(Buyone,getonefree).However,thisismoreofaproblemwhenitcomestoperishable(易腐烂的)i

temslikefreshfruitandvegetables.IntheUK,about39%ofhouseholdfoodwasteisfruitandveg.Soit’sagoodideanottostockupontoomuchoft

hesethings.Storethemcarefullyandmakethemostoftheminallyourrecipes.Foodwasteisabigproblemgenerally,soshoppingcarefullycanalsoreduc

etheamountwethrowaway.AndinEdinburghinScotland,it’spossibletoreducewasteandnotbreakthebankbyvisitingarecy

cledfoodshop,whichhasbeensetuptopreventextrafoodfromshopsendingupinthebins(垃圾桶).Ofcourse,thebiggestth

ingyoucandotohelpyourcashflowistocutbackontake-awaycoffeesandlunches.Cookingyourownmealsisusuallyhealt

hierforyouandyourfinances.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwayscosttheleastmoney?A．Tohavemealsatagood

restaurant.B．Tocookmealsforyourselfathome.C．Tobuyexoticfruitandvegetables.D．Tobuyreadymealsorconvenientfood.6．Whatdoestheauthorusuallydotosavet

heexpensesonfood?A．Hechoosessmallamountsofmeatwithexpensiveproteins.B．Hetransformslargequantitiesofleftoversintoaheavym

eal.C．Hestocksuponitemsofspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals.D．Hemakesalltheperishablefruitandvegetablesinallhisrecipes..7．Howdosom

epeoplereducefoodwasteintheUK?A．Theyoftenvisitsrecycledfoodshops.B．Theystoremostoftheirfoodcarefully.C．Theybuytake﹣awaycoffeesandlun

ches.D．Theyonlythrowawaytheperishablefood.8．Whichonecanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．WaystoCookTastyMealsatHomeB．WaystoCut

DailyExpensesonMealsC．WaystoBuyFoodintheSupermarketD．WaystoStoreFreshFruitandVegetables.【答案】5．B6．C7．A8．B【导

语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食品价格不断上涨的当下，如何通过培养良好的购物和生活习惯，达到缩减食物花销的目的。5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Amealoutatagoodrestaurantorevenapizzeriacancostyouasmallfortune,socookin

gforyourselfmakesfinancialsense.(在餐厅用餐，抑或是一份披萨，都会花费你一小部分钱，所以在家自己做饭的确会帮你省钱)”和第二段“Thesedaysoursupermarketshelvesarepackedwit

htemptingfooditems,fromthedailystaples,likebreadandmilk,totheexotic,likemangoesandkiwifruits(猕猴桃).There’salsotheoptionofbuying

readymeals-convenientfoodthatcomesataprice.(如今超市里琳琅满目地陈列着各种诱人的食品，从牛奶、面包这样的日常主食，到异域的新奇水果，如猕猴桃和芒果。我们也可以选择方便食品。

但它们却价格不菲)”可知，花钱最少的方式还是在家自己做饭。故选B项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Afavoriteentertainmentofminetohelpwhenmoneyistightist

ostockuponitemsthatareonspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals(Buyone,getonefree).(当我手头不宽裕时，我最喜欢的购物方式就是囤积一些有优惠活动的产品)”可知，作者平时会购买一些有优

惠促销活动的食品，来达到省钱的目的，故选C项。7．细节理解题。根据第五段“AndinEdinburghinScotland,it’spossibletoreducewasteandnotbreakthebankbyvisitingarecycledfoodshop,whichhasbeen

setuptopreventextrafoodfromshopsendingupinthebins(垃圾桶).(在苏格兰的爱丁堡，人们可以去逛一下回收食物店，减少食物浪费，还能省下一大笔钱。开这些店就是为了阻止各个商店丢

弃大量食物，造成浪费)”可知，在英国，一些人会光顾回收食品店，购买仍然可食用的食品，减少浪费。故选A项。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Butwiththeriseinfoodprices,it’simportanttobeawiseshoppertokeepyourfoodbill

incheck.(但是如今食品价格不断上涨，重要的一点是如何做一个聪明的购物者，减少食物花销)”可知，这篇文章主要探讨如何减少日常的食物花销，故选B项。3.（2022·陕西渭南·统考一模）Foreveryonewhohates

settingtheiralarmanhourearliertohitthegym,scientistsmayhavesomegoodnews.Afternoonworkoutsleadtobetteroutcomesforsomepe

ople,accordingtoastudypublishedthisyear.Thestudy,whichlookedatmenwhoareatriskfororhaveType2diabetes(糖尿病)foundthatparticipantswhoexercisedintheafterno

onexperiencedmoremetabolic(新陈代谢的)benefitsaswellasmorepositiveeffectsontheirexerciseperformanceandfatmasscomparedtoparticipantswhoexercisedinthemornin

g.“Ourbodyhasabiologicalclockandthisregulatesmanyprocessesinthebodyandtheseprocesseshavearhythm,”saidPatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofmetabolicaspectsofT

ype2diabetesatMaastrichtUniversityintheNetherlands.“Someofthesearewellknown,likeyourbodytemperatureandyourbloodpressure.”Schrauwensaid.“Our

biologicalclocksalsoinfluenceourmetabolismandwhetherourbodiesburnfatorcarbohydratesatcertaintimes,”headded.Andforstudypa

rticipantswhowerefatoratriskforType2diabetes,thosefat-burningprocessesweremoreefficientintheafternoonhours.Higherbodytemperaturesintheafternoonmayals

ohelpimprovecorporalperformance,almostlikeabuilt-indailywarm-up.“Whenyoustarttorealizehowstrongthisbiologicalclockcanb

eandthenifyoudothethingslikefoodintakeonthewrongtimeoftheday,orbeingactiveonthewrongtimeofthedayorbei

nginactiveattimeswhenyoushouldbeactive,thiscanhaveamajorinfluence.”Schrauwenadded.“Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanalsouseitforyourb

enefit.”Itcanbeespeciallyhelpfulforcompetitiveathletesorpeopletrainingforaracetoexerciseintheafternoonofaday.Forex

ample,Schrauwensaidheworkedwithafootballteamthatwasabletoimprovetheirperformancebymovingpracticetotheafternoon.9．Whatisthegoodnewsmentionedinthetext?

A．Peopledonotneedtosettheiralarmearlieranymore.B．Exerciseintheafternoonisgoodforallhumanbeings.C．ThemenwithType2diabetescanbetreate

dbyexercisingintheafternoon.D．Somepeoplegetmorebenefitswhentheyexerciseintheafternoon.10．WhatisthescientificbasisofPatrickSchr

auwen’sstudy?A．Ourbodieshavearegularsystem.B．Ourbodiescanadjusttoanewhabit.C．Thepatientswithdiabetesburnfatfa

ster.D．Peoplecandowarm-upinsidetheirbodies.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“corporal”meaninparagraph4?A．Memorial.

B．Physical.C．Natural.D．Mental.12．HowdidSchrauwenprovehisresearch?A．Byworkingwithotherscientists.B．Bycomparingtheresultsfromdifferentpeople.C．Bytryi

ngitwithspecificgroups.D．Byhelpingparticipantsatriskfordiabetes.【答案】9．D10．A11．B12．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现

对一些人来说在下午锻炼会有更好的效果。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Afternoonworkoutsleadtobetteroutcomesforsomepeople,accordingtoastudypublishedthisyear.(根据今年发表的一项研究，下

午锻炼对一些人来说效果更好)”可知，有些人在下午锻炼会得到更多的好处。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ourbodyhasabiologicalclockandthisregulatesmanyprocessesinthebodyandtheseproc

esseshavearhythm(我们的身体有一个生物钟，它调节着体内的许多过程，这些过程是有节奏的)”可推知，PatrickSchrauwen的研究的依据是我们的身体有一个规律的系统。故选A。11．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“

AndforstudyparticipantswhowerefatoratriskforType2diabetes,thosefat-burningprocessesweremoreefficientinthe

afternoonhours.Higherbodytemperaturesintheafternoonmayalsohelpimprovecorporalperformance,almostlikeabuilt-indailywarm-up.(对于肥胖或有2型糖尿病风险的研究参与者来说，这些脂肪燃

烧过程在下午更有效。下午更高的体温也可能有助于改善corporal表现，就像内置的每日热身一样)”可知，下午较高的体温也有助于提高身体表现，就像每天的热身一样。故画线词意思是“身体的”，故选B。12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Andf

orstudyparticipantswhowerefatoratriskforType2diabetes(对于肥胖或有2型糖尿病风险的研究参与者)”以及最后一段“Forexample,Schrauwensaidheworkedwithafootballt

eamthatwasabletoimprovetheirperformancebymovingpracticetotheafternoon.(例如，施劳文说，他曾与一支足球队合作，该球队将训练时间移到下午，从而提高了他们的表现)”可推知，施劳文

通过在特定群体中尝试来证明他的研究。故选C。4.（2022秋·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）Clotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-incomecoun

triesinparticular,clothingandfootwearareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoont

hrownawayandreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.Thefirstoneiswater.Thefashionindustryconsumesanywherefro

m20trillion(万亿)to200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicro-plastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纤维)textiles,whichmakeu

pbetween20%and35%ofthemicro-plasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsst

ainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindu

strytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatl

ast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especial

lyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch-bothacademicandindustrial-inachievingtheseandotherambitions.Researcherscouldbe

ginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Undoubted

ly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecycl

ingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsu

chmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machinerythatcanhelpisbeingdeveloped.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleu

sedfibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherchalleng

eforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindi

ngwaystoencouragepeopletopurchaselonglastinggoods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducin

genvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhycertainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.13．Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“micro-p

lastics”and“chemicals”inParagraph2?A．Toprovideanidea.B．Toproveapoint.C．Togiveadefinition.D．Topresentnewconcepts.14．Whichofthefollow

inggoesagainsttheconceptof“circulareconomy”?A．Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B．Worn-outclothesareusedasd

ishclothsandoilrags.C．High-qualityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D．Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmor

eoften.15．Whatistherightthingforthefashionindustryresearcherstodo?A．Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B．Toseparatefibre

s,aswellasbuttonsandzipsmanually.C．Toimproveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D．Toencourageconsumerstosatisfytheirdesiresforfashion.16．Which

ofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SayYestotheSo-calledFastFashionB．CutFastFashion’sEnviro

nmentalImpactC．AddresstheAcademicChallengesforResearchersD．ImprovetheEfficiencyoftheSeparationofFibres【答案】

13．B14．D15．C16．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了所谓的“快时尚”对环境产生的影响，以及给我们提供的建议，以避免这种影响。13．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasu

rprisingenvironmentalimpact.Thefirstoneiswater.Thefashionindustryconsumesanywherefrom20trillion(万亿)to200trillionlitreseveryyear.The

ntherearemicro-plastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纤维)textiles,whichmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicro-plast

icschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuch

ascotton.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响。第一个是水。时尚产业每年消耗20万亿到200万亿升的水。还有微塑料。当我们清洗涤纶纺织品时，塑料纤维就会被释放出来，而这些纤维占了堵塞海洋的微塑料的

20%到35%。除此之外，还有一些特殊的化学物质，比如用于使织物耐污的化学物质，以及用于保护棉花等作物的农药)”可知，作者在第二段中提到“水”、“微塑料”和“化学品”的目的是为了证明一个观点，也就是“

快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响。故选B。14．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andm

orerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforre

search-bothacademicandindustrial-inachievingtheseandotherambitions.(这至少涉及两件事：重新专注于制造耐用的物品，从而鼓励重复使用；并更迅速地扩展可持续制造过程的技术，特别是回收

利用。学术和工业研究在实现这些和其他雄心方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，与“循环经济”的概念相抵触的是鼓励时尚产业更频繁地发布新产品。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovi

demoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.(研究人员可以从帮助提

供更准确的用水量估算开始。在改善和扩大纺织品回收方面也有工作要做)”可知，时尚产业研究者应该做的正确的事情是在更大程度上改善和扩大纺织品回收利用。故选C。16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingas

urprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所谓的“快时尚”正在对环境产生惊人的影响)”和第三段“Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatiskno

wnasthecirculareconomy.(改变是迫切需要的，但这需要时尚行业更加努力地接受所谓的循环经济)”可知，文章讲述了所谓的“快时尚”对环境产生的影响，以及给我们提供的建议，以避免这种影响，因此最好的题目是B选项“减少快时尚对环境的影响”。故选B。5.（2023

秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Overthelastfewyears,socialmobility(流动性)betweenthegenerationshasbecomeanimportanttopic.Manypossiblefactorsthat

preventchildrenfrommovingfurtherupthesocialladderthantheirparentshavealreadybeeninvestigated,suchasfina

ncialresources,theeducationalsystemandgenetics.Recently,Dr.RetoOdermatt(UniversityofBasel)andProf.Dr.WarnL

ekfuangfu(UniversidadCarlosIIIdeMadrid)conductedastudytoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweencareeraspirations(

抱负)insocialmobilityandlaterlifesatisfaction.Thebasisforthestudyisadataset(数据集)thatfollowsthelivesofover17,000peopleintheUKw

howereallborninthesameweekin1958,andcontinuestocollectdatatothisday.Amongotherthings,thedatasetgatherstogetherinfo

rmationoneachindividual’schildhoodenvironment,thebackgroundsoftheirparents,theparticipants’abilities,theiraspirat

ionsintheiryouth,theirjobsandtheirhappinessasanadult.Theauthorsusedthisdatabasetoinvestigatehowtheaspirationsofchildrena

ndyoungpeopleaffecttheirlaterlife.Andtheyeventuallyfoundthattheeducationalandcareeraspirationsheldbypar

ticipantsasteenagerswereamongthemostimportantforecastersoverallfortheirlatersuccessineducationandcareers.Thisindicatesthatambitiouscareerg

oalsmotivatepeopletoinvestmoreintheirfuturecareersuccess.Theoppositeisalsothecase:unambitiouscareeraspirationscanbeanimportantexplanationf

orlimitedsocialmobility.Thestudyshowedthatyoungpeoplewhoseparentswerelesswelleducateddidindeedhavelessambitiouscareergoals.“Thiscannotb

eexplainedsolely(唯一地)bythedifferencesinfamilyincomeorinparticipants’abilities.Itismorethecasethatinequalityseemstobeginearlyon,withthe

irparents’aspirationsforthem,”reasonsOdermatt.“Wedidn’texpectparents’aspirationsfortheirchildrentohavesuchastrongi

nfluence.”“Thisremindsusthatweshouldn’tleaveitentirelytoparentstoinfluencechildren’scareeraspirations;schoolscanstepinhere,”Odermattpointsout.Te

achingstaffcouldactivelymaketeenagersawareofcareersthatsuittheirabilities.Thiscouldencouragethemtolookbeyondtheirownhorizons.Afte

rall,aperson’sviewoftheworldisoftenstronglydefinedbytheirsurroundings.17．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Topresentprevi

ousresearchfindingsonsocialmobility.B．Tointroducetheconceptofsocialmobilitytoreaders.C．Toindicatethecomplexityofsocialmobilityresearch.D．To

stressthepracticalsignificanceofthenewstudy.18．Whatcanwelearnaboutthedatabaseofthestudy?A．Ithassomeunexpectedlimitations.B．Itfocusesmoreo

nchildrenthanonadults.C．Itcoversmanyaspectsofindividualsinvolved.D．Itwassetupthroughjointeffortsofmanycountries

.19．Whichofthefollowingsurprisedtheresearchers?A．“Dreamingbig”canhaveanegativeinfluenceonyoungchildren.B．Children’sfu

turecanbeobviouslyaffectedbyparents’aspirations.C．Educatedparentstendtohaveunambitiousaspirationsforchildren.D．Ambitiouscareergoalsc

anbehelpfulinremovingsocialinequality.20．WhatdoesOdermattexpectteacherstodo?A．Tohelpstudentsbroadentheirhorizons.B．Toencou

ragestudentstotryvariouscareers.C．Tomakechangestothestudents’surroundings.D．Toimprovestudents’adaptabilitytone

wenvironments.【答案】17．D18．C19．B20．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，社会流动性中的职业抱负与后来的生活满意度之间有紧密联系。父母对孩子的期待影响着孩子的未来；学校应该让学生

有更广阔的见识，注意自己适合的职业，以提高他们未来职业生涯的满意度。17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Overthelastfewyears,socialmobilitybetweenthegenerat

ionshasbecomeanimportanttopic.Manypossiblefactorsthatpreventchildrenfrommovingfurtherupthesocialladdertha

ntheirparentshavealreadybeeninvestigated,suchasfinancialresources,theeducationalsystemandgenetics.Recently,Dr.RetoOderma

tt(UniversityofBasel)andProf.Dr.WarnLekfuangfu(UniversidadCarlosIIIdeMadrid)conductedastudytoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweencareeraspirationsi

nsocialmobilityandlaterlifesatisfaction.(在过去几年里，代际间的社会流动已经成为一个重要的话题。许多可能阻碍孩子比父母在社会阶梯上晋升地更高的因素已经被调查过，比如经济资源、教育系统和遗传。最近，RetoOdermatt博士（巴

塞尔大学）和WarnLekfuangfu教授（马德里卡洛斯三世大学）进行了一项研究，调查社会流动性中的职业抱负与后来的生活满意度之间的联系。)”可知，代际间的社会流动性是一个重要的社会话题，但是之前的研究涉及的是经济资源、教育系统和遗传等因素，因此这项新的研究——社会流动性中的职业

抱负与后来的生活满意度之间的联系有重要的实际意义，第一段旨在强调这一点，故选D项。18．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Amongotherthings,thedatasetgatherstogetherin

formationoneachindividual’schildhoodenvironment,thebackgroundsoftheirparents,theparticipants’abilities,theiraspir

ationsintheiryouth,theirjobsandtheirhappinessasanadult.(除此之外，该数据集还收集了每个人的童年环境、父母背景、参与者的能力、青年时期的抱负、工作以及成年后

的幸福感等信息。)”可知，该调查研究涉及个人的许多方面。故选C项。19．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Wedidn’texpectparents’aspirationsfortheirchildrentohavesuchastronginfluence.(没想到父母对孩子

的期望会有这么大的影响力。)”可知，让研究者意外的是父母的期望对孩子的未来有很大影响。故选B项。20．推理判断题。根据最后一段的前三句““Thisremindsusthatweshouldn’tleaveitentirelyto

parentstoinfluencechildren’scareeraspirations;schoolscanstepinhere,”Odermattpointsout.Teachingstaffcouldactivelymaketeenage

rsawareofcareersthatsuittheirabilities.Thiscouldencouragethemtolookbeyondtheirownhorizons.(“这提醒我们，我们不应该完全让父母来影响孩子的职业抱负；学校可以介入，”Odermatt指出。师可以积极地让青

少年意识到适合他们能力的职业。这可能会鼓励他们超越自己的视野。)”可知，老师应该帮助学生开阔眼界。故选A项。6.（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）Onemorningafewyearsago,athomeintheMänoaVall

eyonOahu,scientistKimberlyCarlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbowsobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.That

wasn’tashocker:Hawaiiispossiblythebestplaceintheworldtoseerainbowstoday,andManoahasparticularlyidealconditionsforclearbows:frequentr

ainshowersandsunlight.ButCarlson,nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatNewYorkUniversity,realizedshedidn’tknowtheans

wertoasimplequestion:WouldclimatechangeaffectHawaii’sandthewholeplanet’sbreathtakingrainbows?Shesharedthequestionwi

thsomeclimatescientistcolleagues,anditinterestedthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstudentstoinvestigate.Rainbowsarenotspeci

albecausetheirbasicingredientsarecommonandgovernedbyrelativelystraightforwardphysics.“Thebasicrecipeforseeinganypartofthenaturalrainbow,”s

aysLee,“issunlitrain.”InNovember,theypublishedtheirfindings.“Climatechangeisaffectingrainbows—nowweknowtha

t’strue,”saysCarlson,theleadauthoronthepaper,whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefuturerainbow-readyconditions.Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofcl

imatechange,manypartsoftheworld-particularlyplacesnearertothepoles,likeAlaskaorSiberia,willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-

richdaysbytheendofthecentury.Thechangesfollowbroaderpatternsofclimatechange;infact,theshiftshighlightsomeofthebiggestrisksanddangers.Theincre

asesintheArctic,forexample,arelikelytoplayoutbecausewaterthatusedtofallfromtheskyassnowwillmoreoftendropdow

nasraininahotterfuture.Andtoday’srainbow-richAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecauseth

eforest,whichcurrentlycreatesitsownrain,willlosethatsuperpowerasitshrinks,andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandcha

ngingthemajorweatherpatternsthatcausetropicalrainfall.21．WhydoestheauthormentionCarlson’sexperienceinparagraph1?A．Toexplainarule.B．Tointro

duceatopic.C．Topresentafact.D．Tomakeaprediction.22．Whatisthemostimportantreasonofseeinganaturalrainbow?A．Fr

equentsunlight.B．Frequentrainshowers.C．Thesunlitrain.D．Thegeographicposition.23．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A

．Climatechangecausesmorerainbows.B．Morerainbowsworsentheclimatecondition.C．TherewillbelessrainbowsinSiberia.D．Thetem

peraturewillbelowerinAlaska.24．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．TheremaybemoresnowthanrainintheArctic.B．Rainbo

wswillbeontheincreasealways.C．Increaseofrainbowsisanaturalphenomenon.D．Amazonmaysufferfromdroughtmorefrequently.【答案

】21．B22．C23．A24．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过卡尔森多年前的一次看到彩虹的经历，进而提出气候变化正在影响彩虹，而随着气候的变化，未来在靠近两极的地方，尤其是阿拉斯加或西伯利亚——将会有更多的降雨，从而增加几十个彩虹多的日子。21．推理判

断题。根据第一段中“Carlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbowsobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.”（卡尔森向窗外望去，看到一道彩虹如此明亮清晰，让她屏住了呼吸。）

及“ButCarlson,nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatNewYorkUniversity,realizedshedidn’tknowtheanswertoasimplequestion:Wouldc

limatechangeaffectHawaii’sandthewholeplanet’sbreathtakingrainbows?Shesharedthequestionwithsomeclimatescientistcolleagues,anditinterest

edthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstudentstoinvestigate.”（但是卡尔森现在是纽约大学的环境科学教授，她意识到她不知道一个简单问题的答案：气候变化会影响夏威夷和整个地球上令人惊叹的彩虹吗？她与一些气候科学家同事分享了这个问题，

他们对此非常感兴趣，于是他们招募了一班学生进行调查。）可知，本段中提到卡尔森教授多年前的这次经历，是为了引出本段中他们招募了学生进行调查的原因。即是为了引入本文讨论的话题。故选B。22．细节理解题。根据第二段中““Thebasicrecipeforseeingan

ypartofthenaturalrainbow,”saysLee,“issunlitrain.””（“看到自然彩虹任何部分的基本方法，”李说，“就是阳光照耀的雨。”）可知，看到自然彩虹的原因是阳光照耀的雨，故选C。23．主旨大意题。根据第三段“InNovembe

r,theypublishedtheirfindings.“Climatechangeisaffectingrainbows—nowweknowthat’strue,”saysCarlson,theleadauthoronth

epaper,whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefuturerainbow-readyconditions.Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofclimatechange,manypartsoftheworld-par

ticularlyplacesnearertothepoles,likeAlaskaorSiberia,willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-richdaysbyth

eendofthecentury.”（11月，他们发表了他们的发现。“气候变化正在影响彩虹——现在我们知道这是真的，”该论文的主要作者卡尔森表示。该论文利用计算机模型来模拟未来可见彩虹的条件。随着主要天气模式因气候变化而发生变化，世界上许多地方——尤其是靠近两极的地方，比如阿拉斯加或西伯利亚—

—将会有更多的降雨，到本世纪末，可能会增加几十个彩虹多的日子。）可知，气候变化正在影响彩虹，而随着气候的变化，未来会有更多的彩虹。故选A。24．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Andtoday’srainbow-r

ichAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecausetheforest,whichcurrentlycreatesitsownrain,will

losethatsuperpowerasitshrinks,andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandchangingthemajorweatherpatternsthat

causetropicalrainfall.”（而今天这个彩虹般富饶的亚马逊地区预计将遭受更频繁的干旱，一方面是因为目前正在产生雨水的森林，随着它的萎缩，将失去这种超级力量，另一方面是因为全球范围内的气候变化正在改变和改变导致热带降雨的主要天气模式。）可推知，未来亚马逊地区预计将遭受更频繁的干旱。

故选D。7.（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Ofalltheweirdandwonderfulcreatureslivingunderthesea,perhapsthestrangestarejellyfish—thoserubber

y,cone-shapedcreaturesfoundfloatinginthewater,theirlongtentaclestrailingbehind.Somejellyfishspecieshaveabadreputationforscari

ngawaytourists,cloggingupfishingnets,andevenblockingpowerstationpipes.Butwithmoreandmoreplasticrubbishendingupinthesea

,thesedaysyou’reaslikelytoswimintoaplasticbagasajellyfish.Nowscientificresearchisdiscoveringthattheserubb

eryseacreaturesmightprovideananswer—astickysolutiontotheproblemofplasticpollution.Inrecentyears,tinypiecesofplasticcall

edmicroplastichavebeenasignificantproblemfortheworld’sseasandoceans.Theseplasticsarenotvisibletotheeyeandaren’tcaughtbysea

watertreatmentplantsduetotheirsmallsize,sotheyenteroursystemandharmourhealth.They’vebeenfoundinmanyplaces—inArcticice,atthebottomoft

heseaandeveninsideanimals.Slovenianscientist,DrAnaRotter,headsGoJelly,aEuropeanresearchteamofjellyfishecologistslookingintotheproblem.Mic

roplastics,plasticsingeneral,arebecominganincreasingproblem.DrAnaRottersayswhenshewasachild,peopleweremoreenvironmentallyfrie

ndly—notharmfultotheenvironmentorhavingtheleastpossibleimpactonit.Atthattime,therewereveryfewsingle-useplastics—plasticitems,likespoonsandforks

,designedtobeusedjustonce,thenthrownaway.Thesituationsincethenhaschangeddramatically.Infact,there’sbeensuchanincreaseinmicropl

asticsthattodaytheUNlistsplasticpollutionasoneoftheworld’stopenvironmentalthreats.Buthowdojellyfishfitintothestory?Well,it’

sthe‘jelly’partofjellyfish,andspecificallytheirsticky,jelly-likemucusthatiskey.Jellyfishproduceathick,stickyliquidcalledmucus.DrAnaRo

tterhasdiscoveredthatthismucushasstrongabsorptivecapabilities—itcanabsorb,takeinliquidsandothersubstances.Oneofthesubstances

jellyfishmucusabsorbsaretheparticlesthatmakeupmicroplastics.DrRotter’sresearchisstillintheearlystages,butit’shopedthatjellyfishmucuscouldholdthekey

toafuturefreeofmicroplasticpollutedoceans.Scientistsarehopingthatthemucus’sabsorptiveproperties—itsabilitiestoabsorbliquid

sandothersubstancesandholdthem,willallowittotrapparticlesofplasticfloatinginthesea.Bytrappingthese,themucusactslikeamagnet

—anobjectthatattractscertainmaterials,likemetal,butinthiscase,microplasticwaste.25．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout_

_______.A．wheremicroplasticscanbefoundB．whymicroplasticscanharmourhealthC．whatproblemstheseasandoceansarefac

ingD．howtheresearchwascarriedoutbythescientist26．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Jellyfishspeciescauseagreatthreatt

othesea.B．Jellyfishspeciesliketoswimandliveinplasticbags.C．Jellyfishmucuscanattractmetalsandbreakthe

mdown.D．Jellyfishmucuscanabsorbliquidsandsomeothersubstances.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A．Qualities.B．Subs

tances.C．Choices.D．Materials.28．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowtheharmthatseaandoceanpolluti

onbringstohumanbeings.B．Tointroducethelivinghabitsoftheweirdandwonderfulcreaturesinthesea.C．Toprovide

anewmethodforcollectingdataonenvironmentalthreatsinthesea.D．Toinformapromisingscientificfindingfordealin

gwithplasticpollutioninthesea.【答案】25．C26．D27．A28．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着海洋中塑料垃圾的增多，科学家们正试图通过水母的黏液研究解决海洋中微塑料的方法。25．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Inrecentyears,tinypiece

sofplasticcalledmicroplastichavebeenasignificantproblemfortheworld’sseasandoceans.(近年来，被称为微塑料的微小塑料碎片已经成为世界海洋的一个重

大问题)”可知，本段主要介绍了微塑料近年来已经成为世界海洋面临的一个重大问题。由此可推知，本段主要介绍了世界海洋面临的问题。故选C项。26．细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“DrAnaRotterhasdiscoveredthatthismucushasstr

ongabsorptivecapabilities—itcanabsorb,takeinliquidsandothersubstances.(安娜·罗特博士发现这种粘液有很强的吸收能力——它可以吸收液体和其他物质)”可知，水母的黏液可以吸收液体和其他物质。

故选D项。27．词义猜测题。根据文章第六段中的“Scientistsarehopingthatthemucus’sabsorptiveproperties—itsabilitiestoabsorbliquidsandothersubstanc

esandholdthem,willallowittotrapparticlesofplasticfloatinginthesea.(科学家们希望黏液的吸收特性——它吸收液体和其他物质，并容纳它们的能力——能

让它捕获漂浮在海里的塑料颗粒)”可知，absorptiveproperties与后面的itsabilitiestoabsorbliquidsandothersubstancesandholdthem为同义表达，此处表示“吸收液体和其他物质，并容纳它们的能力”，由此可推知，

此处指“吸收特性”，properties为property的复数形式，原意为“特性”，与quality互为同义表达。故选A项。28．推理判断题。阅读文章内容可知，文章开篇通过水母引出话题，第二段“Nowscientificresearchisdiscoveringthatt

heserubberyseacreaturesmightprovideananswer—astickysolutiontotheproblemofplasticpollution.(现在，科学研究发现，这些橡胶状的海洋生物可

能会为塑料污染问题提供一个棘手的解决方案)”提到了水母这种生物可能为塑料污染问题提供解决方案；第三、四、五、六段介绍了AnaRotter博士利用水母的黏液吸收海洋微塑料垃圾的相关研究。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的在于介绍一种有望解决海洋塑料垃圾

的科学研究。故选D项。8.（2023秋·湖南永州·高三永州市第一中学校考阶段练习）Anewstudyaddstoevidencethatpharmaceutical(制药的)drugsarepollutingriversintheUK.Ifantibiotics(抗生素)arewidespr

eadintheenvironment,thatcouldeventuallyleadtothembeinglesseffective.AstudybyscientistsattheUniversityof

Leedssuggeststhatpharmaceuticalpollution—smallamountsofdrugslikepainkillersandantibiotics—iswidespreadinBritishrivers,andhighlightsthecurrentlac

kofmanagementaroundit.Dr.PaulKay,leadauthoronthestudy,whichwaspublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalPollution,andhi

scolleaguesfoundthatsmallamountsoffivepharmaceuticaldrugswerepresentinthemajorityofsamplestakenfromtheriversAireandCalderinWes

tYorkshireoveran18-monthperiod.Oneofthedrugsfoundwasanantibiotic.Lettingantibioticsgetintoriverslikethiscouldcontributetotheg

rowingproblemofantibioticresistance,whereantibioticsstopworkingasthemicroorganisms(微生物)theyattackbecomeresistanttothem.“Ifwe’red

ischargingantibioticsintoriversallthetime,andbacteriaarebeingconstantlyexposedtothem,thenobviouslythey’regoingtodevelopresistance,”saidKay.“Inth

isparticularstudyweonlylookedatfivedrugs,buttherearepotentiallyhundredsifnotthousandsofdrugsinrivers,

”hesaid.“Andfromourstudy,theyjustdon’tseemtobecomelessinriversaswewouldexpectthemtodo,basedonourunderstandingfromlabexperim

ents.”Kayandhiscolleaguestooksamplesasfaras5kmdownstreamfromwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethedrugsarelikelyt

ohaveenteredtheriver,andfoundthatthedrugsdidn’tseemtogetbrokendown.These“environmentalmicroorganisms”canfindtheirwayintohuman

sthroughwater,air,animals,andfood.Andtheeffectofsuchdrugsonwildlifeisnotyetclear.“Idon’tthinkthereareanyenormous

disastershappening,”Kaysaid.“Onthewholeit’slongimpacts.”29．Whatisthefinalresultofpharmaceuticalpollution?A．Itworsenstheenvironment.B．Itincreasespr

oductioncosts.C．Itaffectsthequalityoflife.D．Itreducestheeffectofdrugs.30．WhatcanbeinferredaboutantibioticsfromKay’swordsfromParagraph5?A．T

heymainlyexistinfivedrugs.B．Theycanliveforatleast18months.C．Theiramountwillnotdropinrivers.D．Theireffectonbacter

iawillrise.31．What’sKay’sattitudetotheenvironmentalmicroorganism?A．Optimistic.B．Concerned.C．Doubtful.D．Indifferent.32．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfro

m?A．Aliteraturereview.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Asciencemagazine.D．Amedicineguide.【答案】29．D30．C31．B32．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了药物对河流的污染从而最终导致细菌对抗生素的抵抗力增强。29．细节

理解题。根据第一段“Ifantibiotics(抗生素)arewidespreadintheenvironment,thatcouldeventuallyleadtothembeinglesseffective.(如果抗生素在环境中广泛使用，最终可能会导致它们的效果降低。)”

再结合第二段的关键信息“pharmaceuticalpollution—smallamountsofdrugslikepainkillersandantibiotics(药物污染—少量的药物，如止痛药和抗生素)”可

知，药物污染最终会降低药效。故选D项。30．推理判断题。根据第五段“Andfromourstudy,theyjustdon’tseemtobecomelessinriversaswewouldexpectthemtodo,basedonourunderstandingfr

omlabexperiments.(根据我们的研究，它们在河流中的数量似乎并没有像我们预期的那样减少，这是基于我们从实验室实验中得到的理解。)”可知，在Kay他们的研究中，河流中的抗生素不会像我们预期的那样会数量变少。故选C项。31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Idon’tthin

kthereareanyenormousdisastershappening(我不认为有什么巨大的灾难发生)”和“Onthewholeit’slongimpacts.(总的来说，这是长期影响。)”可知，Kay认为“环境微生物”不会带来巨大的

灾难，但其产生的影响却是长期的。由此推断，Kay对“环境微生物”的影响还是很担忧的。故选B项。32．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Anewstudyaddstoevidencethatpharmaceutical(制药的)drugsarepol

lutingriversintheUK.Ifantibiotics(抗生素)arewidespreadintheenvironment,thatcouldeventuallyleadtothembeingless

effective.(一项新的研究进一步证明了药物正在污染英国的河流。如果抗生素在环境中广泛使用，最终可能导致抗生素效果下降。)”可知，文章主要介绍了药物对河流的污染从而最终导致细菌对抗生素的抵抗力增强，由此可推知，文章可能来自科学杂志。故选C项。9.（2022秋·江西赣州·高三校联考期末）L

astnight,myhusbandandIjustcelebratedourweddinganniversary.Recallingthefunwehadonourweddingdayaswellassomeofthefunnyaccidentswa

sagreatwaytogetusclosetoeachotherandampuptheromanceofthenight.Still,Icouldimaginemyfriendsrollingtheireyesatthatidea.Engaginginnostalgia(怀旧)seeme

dembarrassingforthemandtheyevenworrieditcouldmakemeregretful.Afterall,whenyoulookbackontheearlydaysofyourromance,youmig

htfeelbittersweetafterrealizinghowmuchhaschanged.Butrecentresearchsuggeststhatfeelingnostalgicaboutsignificantpasteventsfr

omyourrelationshipcanactuallybenefitit—whetheryourecallthosealoneorwithyourpartner.Inonestudy,someparticipantsina

romanticrelationshipwerepromptedtowriteaboutanostalgicexperiencethey’dhadwiththeirpartnerortolistentoasongthatmadethemfeelnos

talgicabouttheirrelationship,whileotherswroteaboutanordinaryexperiencethey’dhadorasongtheyliked.Afterwards,thosepa

rticipantstoldtheresearchershowcloseandcommittedtheyfelttotheirpartner,howsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirrelationship,andhowmuchpassionatelovet

heyfeltfortheirpartner.Aftercomparingthegroups,theresearchersfoundthatthoseexperiencingnostalgiafeltcloser,

morecommittedandmorelovingtowardtheirpartner,andweremoresatisfiedwiththeiroverallrelationship.Thiswastrueevenwhenaccountingforotheremo

tions,likehappiness,whichmightaffectourviewsofothers.“Ourconclusionisthatexperiencingnostalgiatemporarilyenhancesperc

eptionsofromanticrelationshipquality,”saysleadresearcherNicholasEvansoftheUniversityofManitobainCanada.Whilepaststudieshavefoundthatfeelingno

stalgicbringsmeaningtoone’slifeandhelpspeoplefeelmoresociallyconnected,theuseofnostalgiainromanticrelationships,specifically,h

adnotbeentestedbefore.Evansbelievesthisisanuntappedresourceforcouples.“Now,wehaveprovedthatnostalgiadefinitelycouldbeoneofmanytoo

lstohelpenhanceromanticrelationships,”hesays.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ampup”inthefirstparagraphmean?A．Assess.B．Recall.C．Increase

.D．Ruin.34．Whatistheauthor’sfriends’opiniononnostalgia?A．Engaginginitisbeneficial.B．Ithardlyaffectsrelationships.C．E

xperiencingitisverynatural.D．Itmayleadtounpleasantresults.35．Whatwerealltheparticipantsinthestudyaskedtod

o?A．Singwiththeirpartners.B．Commentoneachother.C．Listentonostalgicsongs.D．Reporttheirfeelings.36．Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A．Itstillneedstobeimpro

ved.B．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.C．Itsresultconfirmscouples’belief.D．Itsconclusionhasbeentestedbefore.【答案】33．C34．D35．D36．B【导语】本文是一篇说明

文。研究表明，怀旧有助于改善伴侣之间的关系。33．词句猜测题。根据画线短语前“Recallingthefunwehadonourweddingdayaswellassomeofthefunnyaccidentswasagreatwaytogetusclosetoeachotherandampu

ptheromanceofthenight.(回忆我们在婚礼那天的乐趣，以及一些有趣的意外，是一个很好的方式让我们彼此靠近并ampup夜晚浪漫的好方法)”可推断，回忆我们在婚礼当天的趣事以及一些有趣的意外是一个让我们靠近彼此和增加夜晚浪漫气氛的好方法。所以画线短语ampup为“

增加”之意。故选C。34．细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“Still,Icouldimaginemyfriendsrollingtheireyesatthatidea.Engaginginnost

algia(怀旧)seemedembarrassingforthemandtheyevenworrieditcouldmakemeregretful.(不过，我可以想象我的朋友们对这个想法会翻白眼。怀旧似乎让他们感到尴尬，他们甚至担心这会让我后悔。)”可知，作者的朋友们认为

怀旧可能会带来不好的结果。故选D。35．细节理解题。根据第四段“Afterwards,thoseparticipantstoldtheresearchershowcloseandcommittedtheyfelttotheirpartne

r,howsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirrelationship,andhowmuchpassionatelovetheyfeltfortheirpartner.(之后，这些参与者告诉研究人员

他们对伴侣的亲密程度和承诺程度，他们对这段关系的满意度，以及他们对伴侣的热情程度。)”可知，所有的参与者都告知了他们的感受。故选D。36．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whilepaststudieshavefoundthatfeelingno

stalgicbringsmeaningtoone’slifeandhelpspeoplefeelmoresociallyconnected,theuseofnostalgiainromanticrelationships,specifically,hadnotbeenteste

dbefore.Evansbelievesthisisanuntappedresourceforcouples.(虽然过去的研究发现，怀旧能给人的生活带来意义，并帮助人们感觉更有社会联系，但在恋爱关系中怀旧的作用，具体来说，还没有经过

测试。埃文斯认为，这对夫妻来说是一种尚未开发的资源。)”及最后一段“Now,wehaveprovedthatnostalgiadefinitelycouldbeoneofmanytoolstohelpenhanceromanticrela

tionships(现在，我们已经证明，怀旧绝对可以成为增进浪漫关系的众多工具之一)”可推断，这个研究具有开创性的意义，它首次证明怀旧有助于改善伴侣之间的关系。故选B。10.（2022·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校

考二模）Beautifulcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)inThaiseashavebeengraduallyworseningduetoglobalwarmingthatcausescoralbleaching,inadditiontocertainhumanactivitieswithoutp

ropercontrolandenvironmentalconsciousness.Recently,researchersfromThaiuniversityChulalongkomhavecreated3D-printedcoralreefsmodeledonthenatureofreal

coralscalledInnovareeftoacceleratetherecoveryofthecoralreefecosystem.Innovareefcoralsarecoatedwithcalcium

andphosphatenutrients(钙磷营养物)thatcoralsneedtothriveandconsistofflatsurfaces.Thereefs’holesserveashabitatsandhidingplacesformanyseaanimals.Artificialre

efsalsomakeuseofhydrodynamicstechnologytoenhancetheirresistancetotidalforcesandensurethattheystayinp

lace.Finally,thePH(levelofacidity)oftheselectedtypeofcementusedforthereefsisclosetothatofseawater,andthedesign

conceptisthatofLego,easilyassembled(组装)anddisassembledblocksthatareeasytotransportandfix.“TheInnovareefisnottoolarge.It’sli

ght-weightedandcanbecarriedbyanyonethussavingtransportationcosts.Youcansimplyputitatanydesiredlocationinthes

eaandthendivedowntoputalltheunitstogethertocompletetheInnovareef.Notevenfiveminutesafterward,fishandseveraloceancreatur

esstarttocomeintosurveyandmakeittheirnewhabitat,leadingtobiodiversityaroundtheInnovareef.Moreimportantly,ther

esearchdataindicatesthatthesettlementandgrowthratesofplanulaontheInnovareefarebetterthanthoseonotherartificialreefs

,”saidAssociateProfessorDr.NantarikaChansueatChulalongkornUniversity.Innovareefisthehopefortheeffectiverecoveryofnatural

coralreefs.Nowtheteamisfocusedonaddingmoredetailssothatthenewstructureslookmorelikenaturalreefs.ForthefuturegenerationsofInnovare

ef,theteamwilldevelopamorespecificdesignforeachseaspeciesinthearea.37．WhatfunctionisexpectedoftheInnovareef?A．Toextendthelifeof

corals.B．Tomonitorthegrowthofcorals.C．Tohelprestorenaturalcoralreefs.D．Toprotectcoralreefsfromhumande

struction.38．WhatdoweknowabouttheInnovareeffromparagraph2?A．Itishighlyresistanttoheat.B．Ithaslowmanu

facturingcosts.C．Itprovidesrichnutrientsforfish.D．Itisportableandeasytoassemble.39．WhatareDr.NantarikaChansue’swordsmainlyabou

t?A．TheadvantagesoftheInnovareef.B．TheinspirationfortheInnovareef.C．Themethodsofimprovingoceanhabitats.D．Th

eimportanceofprotectingbiodiversity.40．Whatwillresearchersprobablydointhefuture?A．ApplytheInnovareefonalargescale.B．Carr

youtmoretestsontheInnovareef.C．MakeaspecificdesignoftheInnovareef.D．Conductfurtherresearchonnaturalcoralr

eefs【答案】37．C38．D39．A40．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家打印3D珊瑚礁Innovareef来帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。37．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently,resea

rchersfromThaiuniversityChulalongkomhavecreated3D-printedcoralreefsmodeledonthenatureofrealcoralscalledInnovareeftoacceleratethereco

veryofthecoralreefecosystem.(最近，泰国朱拉隆科大学的研究人员以真实珊瑚的本质为模型，创建了3D打印的珊瑚礁，称为Innovareef，以加速珊瑚礁生态系统的恢复。)”可知，科学家打印

3D珊瑚礁Innovareef的目的是帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。故选C。38．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Finally,thePH(levelofacidity)oftheselectedtypeofcementus

edforthereefsisclosetothatofseawater,andthedesignconceptisthatofLego,easilyassembled(组装)anddisassembledblocksthatare

easytotransportandfix.(最后，选择用于礁石的水泥类型的PH值(酸度水平)接近海水，设计理念是乐高，易于组装和拆卸的积木，便于运输和固定。)”可知，Innovareef携带方便，易于组

装。故选D。39．推理判断题。根据第三段“TheInnovareefisnottoolarge.It’slight-weightedandcanbecarriedbyanyonethussavingtransportationcos

ts.YoucansimplyputitatanydesiredlocationintheseaandthendivedowntoputalltheunitstogethertocompletetheInnova

reef.Notevenfiveminutesafterward,fishandseveraloceancreaturesstarttocomeintosurveyandmakeittheirnewhabitat,leadingtobiodi

versityaroundtheInnovareef.Moreimportantly,theresearchdataindicatesthatthesettlementandgrowthratesofplanulaontheInnovareefarebetterthant

hoseonotherartificialreefs,(Innovareef并不太大。它很轻，任何人都可以携带，从而节省了运输成本。你可以简单地把它放在海中的任何想要的位置，然后潜到水下，把所有的装置放在一起，就完成了

Innovareef。不到五分钟后，鱼类和其他海洋生物就开始来考察，并将其作为新的栖息地，从而形成了Innovareef周围的生物多样性。更重要的是，研究数据表明，浮虱在Innovareef上的沉降和生长速度比其他人工礁要好。)”可知，NantarikaChansue博士的话是想要告诉我们I

nnovareef的优点。故选A。40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“ForthefuturegenerationsofInnovareef,theteamwilldevelopamorespecificdesignforeachseaspe

ciesinthearea.(对于未来几代的Innovareef，该团队将为该地区的每一种海洋物种制定更具体的设计。)”可知，科学家在将来会对Innovareef进行具体设计。故选C。