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专题03说明文专练一1.（2023·四川内江·统考一模）AcompanycalledOpenAIhasrecentlyannouncedanewversionofitsartificialintelligence(AI)artist,DALL-E2.G

ivenjustashortsentencedescribingapicture,thetoolcancreatecomplicatedimages(图像)inmanydifferentstyles.OpenAIhasalrea

dychangedtheworldoncewithitsAIwritingtool,GPT-3.GPT-3wastrainedonhugeamountsofwritinginmanydifferentstyles.Whenitwasreleas

edin2020,itshockedpeoplebyquicklycreatingcomplete,well-writtenarticlesindifferentstyles.ItissopowerfulthatOpenAIhastr

iedtobeprudentwhenitcomestohowitallowspeopletousethetool,tomakesuirethatitisn’tusedforharmfulpurposes.DALL-EactuallygrewoutofanefforttoapplyGPT-3t

oimages.OpenAIreleasedthefirstversionofDALL-Elastyear.DALL-E2isevenmorepowerful.DALL-E2hasbeentrainedonmassivenumbersofpictu

reswithmatchingdescriptions,whichmeansit“knows”alotabouthowdifferentthingslook.DALL-Estartsitsimageswithapatternofrandomdots.Itthenchangesthepattern

ofthosedotsuntildifferentpartsoftheimagebegintomatchthedescriptiontheDALL-Eisgiven.DoesDALL-E2havesomethingnew?Theusercanselectanareao

fanimageandaskDALL-E2toputsomethingintothepicture,ortakeitout.Someartistsareconcernedthattheirjobopportunitiesmightbelimitedifa

computersystemcanmakesuchhighqualitypicturesondemandsoeasy.OpenAIsaysthetoolwillallowartiststobecreativeinn

ewways.Tomakesurethetoolisn’tmisused,OpenAIalreadyhasstrictrulesaboutthesortsofimagesthatcanbecreatedwithDALL-E.OneofthoserulespreventsDALL-Ef

romcreatingrealisticpicturesofactualpeople.Fornow,thecompanyisn’treleasingDALL-E2.Instead,itisallowingasmallnumberofpeop

letoworkwiththetooltolearnmoreaboutwhatworkswell,andtodiscoverpossibleproblems.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prudent”inparagraph2mean?A．Con

fident.B．Proud.C．Patient.D．Careful.2．WhichisoneofthetalentsDALL-E2has?A．Describingpicturesondemand.B．Pro

cessingtheexistingpictures.C．Teachingartistshowtopaint.D．Gradingpaintingsbyhumans.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutDAL

L-E2fromthelastparagraph?A．Itwillreachconsumerssoon.B．Itisnotusedbyactualpeople.C．Itisbeingimprovedatpresent.D．

ItisadvertisedwidelybyOpenAI.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．HowDALL-E2MakesUseofGPT-3B．WhyOpenAIDevelopsI

tsDALL-E2C．DALL-E2HelpsOfferArtistsNewJobsD．FromWords,DALL-E2CreatesPictures2.（2022·甘肃兰州·统考一模）Areyouplanningtoeatou

ttonightorareyougoingtostayintosavethepennies(省钱)?Amealoutatagoodrestaurantorevenapizzeriacancostyouasmallfortune,socookingfo

ryourselfmakesfinancialsense.Butwiththeriseinfoodprices,it’simportanttobeawiseshoppertokeepyourfoodbillin

check.Thesedaysoursupermarketshelvesarepackedwithtemptingfooditems,fromthedailystaples,likebreadandmilk,totheexotic

,likemangoesandkiwifruits(猕猴桃).There’salsotheoptionofbuyingreadymeals-convenientfoodthatcomesataprice

.However,ifyou’refeelinghardup(拮据),therearethingsyoucandotomakethemoneyyouspendonfoodgofurther.AccordingtotheBBCFoodw

ebsite,it’sallaboutchangingyourhabits.Itclaimsthatcookingfulfillingandtastymealsonabudgetiseasy.Itsuggestsanumberof“tricks”suchasusingche

apercutsofmeat,“choosesmallamountsofmeatwithlessexpensiveproteins”and“transformsmallquantitiesofleftoversintoaheavymeal”.Afav

oriteentertainmentofminetohelpwhenmoneyistightistostockuponitemsthatareonspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals(Buyone,getonefree).However,thisis

moreofaproblemwhenitcomestoperishable(易腐烂的)itemslikefreshfruitandvegetables.IntheUK,about39%ofhouseholdfoodwas

teisfruitandveg.Soit’sagoodideanottostockupontoomuchofthesethings.Storethemcarefullyandmakethemostoftheminallyourrecipes.Foodwasteisabigproblemgen

erally,soshoppingcarefullycanalsoreducetheamountwethrowaway.AndinEdinburghinScotland,it’spossibletoreducewasteand

notbreakthebankbyvisitingarecycledfoodshop,whichhasbeensetuptopreventextrafoodfromshopsendingupinthebins(垃圾桶).Ofcourse,thebiggestth

ingyoucandotohelpyourcashflowistocutbackontake-awaycoffeesandlunches.Cookingyourownmealsisusuallyhealthierforyou

andyourfinances.5．Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingwayscosttheleastmoney?A．Tohavemealsatagoodrestaurant.B．Tocookmealsforyour

selfathome.C．Tobuyexoticfruitandvegetables.D．Tobuyreadymealsorconvenientfood.6．Whatdoestheauthorusuallydotosavet

heexpensesonfood?A．Hechoosessmallamountsofmeatwithexpensiveproteins.B．Hetransformslargequantitiesofleftoversintoaheavymeal.C．H

estocksuponitemsofspecialoffer-suchasBOGOFdeals.D．Hemakesalltheperishablefruitandvegetablesinallhisrecipes..7．Howdosomepeoplereducefoo

dwasteintheUK?A．Theyoftenvisitsrecycledfoodshops.B．Theystoremostoftheirfoodcarefully.C．Theybuytake﹣awaycof

feesandlunches.D．Theyonlythrowawaytheperishablefood.8．Whichonecanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．WaystoCookTastyMealsatHomeB．WaystoCutDailyExpen

sesonMealsC．WaystoBuyFoodintheSupermarketD．WaystoStoreFreshFruitandVegetables.3.（2022·陕西渭南·统考一模）Forever

yonewhohatessettingtheiralarmanhourearliertohitthegym,scientistsmayhavesomegoodnews.Afternoonworkoutsleadtobetteroutcomesforsomepeo

ple,accordingtoastudypublishedthisyear.Thestudy,whichlookedatmenwhoareatriskfororhaveType2diabetes(糖尿病)fo

undthatparticipantswhoexercisedintheafternoonexperiencedmoremetabolic(新陈代谢的)benefitsaswellasmorepositiveeffectsontheirexerciseperformanceandfatmassc

omparedtoparticipantswhoexercisedinthemorning.“Ourbodyhasabiologicalclockandthisregulatesmanyprocessesinthebodyandtheseprocess

eshavearhythm,”saidPatrickSchrauwen,aprofessorofmetabolicaspectsofType2diabetesatMaastrichtUniversityintheNether

lands.“Someofthesearewellknown,likeyourbodytemperatureandyourbloodpressure.”Schrauwensaid.“Ourbiologicalclocksalsoinf

luenceourmetabolismandwhetherourbodiesburnfatorcarbohydratesatcertaintimes,”headded.Andforstudyparticipantswho

werefatoratriskforType2diabetes,thosefat-burningprocessesweremoreefficientintheafternoonhours.Higherbodytemperaturesintheafternoonmayalsohelpimprov

ecorporalperformance,almostlikeabuilt-indailywarm-up.“Whenyoustarttorealizehowstrongthisbiologicalclockcanbe

andthenifyoudothethingslikefoodintakeonthewrongtimeoftheday,orbeingactiveonthewrongtimeofthedayorbeinginactiveattimeswhenyoushouldbeact

ive,thiscanhaveamajorinfluence.”Schrauwenadded.“Thegoodnewsisthatyoucanalsouseitforyourbenefit.”Itcanbeespeciallyhelpfulforcompetitiveath

letesorpeopletrainingforaracetoexerciseintheafternoonofaday.Forexample,Schrauwensaidheworkedwithafootball

teamthatwasabletoimprovetheirperformancebymovingpracticetotheafternoon.9．Whatisthegoodnewsmentionedinthetext?

A．Peopledonotneedtosettheiralarmearlieranymore.B．Exerciseintheafternoonisgoodforallhumanbeings.C．Theme

nwithType2diabetescanbetreatedbyexercisingintheafternoon.D．Somepeoplegetmorebenefitswhentheyexerciseintheafter

noon.10．WhatisthescientificbasisofPatrickSchrauwen’sstudy?A．Ourbodieshavearegularsystem.B．Ourbodiescanadjusttoanewhabit.C．Th

epatientswithdiabetesburnfatfaster.D．Peoplecandowarm-upinsidetheirbodies.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“co

rporal”meaninparagraph4?A．Memorial.B．Physical.C．Natural.D．Mental.12．HowdidSchrauwenprovehisresearch?A．Byworkingwithotherscientists.B

．Bycomparingtheresultsfromdifferentpeople.C．Bytryingitwithspecificgroups.D．Byhelpingparticipantsatriskfordiabetes.4.（2022秋·安徽·高三校联考阶段练习）Clothesw

ereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-incomecountriesinparticular,clothingandfootwearareincreasinglyfrequ

entlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonthrownawayandreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironment

alimpact.Thefirstoneiswater.Thefashionindustryconsumesanywherefrom20trillion(万亿)to200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicro-plasti

cs.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纤维)textiles,whichmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicro-plas

ticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchasc

otton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthec

irculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;an

dmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch-bothacademicandindustria

l-inachievingtheseandotherambitions.Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexp

andingtextilesrecycling.Undoubtedly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials

.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoident

ifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machinerythatcanhelpisbeingdeveloped.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemica

llyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistow

orkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindingway

stoencouragepeopletopurchaselonglastinggoods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducingenvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhyc

ertainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.13．Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“micro-plast

ics”and“chemicals”inParagraph2?A．Toprovideanidea.B．Toproveapoint.C．Togiveadefinition.D．Topresentnewconcepts.14．Whichofthefollowi

nggoesagainsttheconceptof“circulareconomy”?A．Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B．Worn-outclothesareusedasdishclothsandoilrags.C．High-qual

ityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D．Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmoreoften.15．Whatistherightthingforthefashi

onindustryresearcherstodo?A．Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B．Toseparatefibres,aswellasbuttonsandz

ipsmanually.C．Toimproveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D．Toencourageconsumerstosatisfytheirdes

iresforfashion.16．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SayYestotheSo-calledFastFashionB．CutFas

tFashion’sEnvironmentalImpactC．AddresstheAcademicChallengesforResearchersD．ImprovetheEfficiencyoftheSeparati

onofFibres5.（2023秋·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Overthelastfewyears,socialmobility(流动性)betweenthegenerationshasbecomeanimpo

rtanttopic.Manypossiblefactorsthatpreventchildrenfrommovingfurtherupthesocialladderthantheirparentshavealreadybeeninvestig

ated,suchasfinancialresources,theeducationalsystemandgenetics.Recently,Dr.RetoOdermatt(UniversityofBase

l)andProf.Dr.WarnLekfuangfu(UniversidadCarlosIIIdeMadrid)conductedastudytoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweencareeraspirations(抱负)insocia

lmobilityandlaterlifesatisfaction.Thebasisforthestudyisadataset(数据集)thatfollowsthelivesofover17,000people

intheUKwhowereallborninthesameweekin1958,andcontinuestocollectdatatothisday.Amongotherthings,thedatasetgat

herstogetherinformationoneachindividual’schildhoodenvironment,thebackgroundsoftheirparents,theparticipants’abilities,theiraspirationsintheiryout

h,theirjobsandtheirhappinessasanadult.Theauthorsusedthisdatabasetoinvestigatehowtheaspirationsofchildrenandyoungpeopleaf

fecttheirlaterlife.Andtheyeventuallyfoundthattheeducationalandcareeraspirationsheldbyparticipantsasteenagerswereamongt

hemostimportantforecastersoverallfortheirlatersuccessineducationandcareers.Thisindicatesthatambitiouscareergoalsmotivatepeoplet

oinvestmoreintheirfuturecareersuccess.Theoppositeisalsothecase:unambitiouscareeraspirationscanbeanimportantexpl

anationforlimitedsocialmobility.Thestudyshowedthatyoungpeoplewhoseparentswerelesswelleducateddidindeedhavel

essambitiouscareergoals.“Thiscannotbeexplainedsolely(唯一地)bythedifferencesinfamilyincomeorinparticipa

nts’abilities.Itismorethecasethatinequalityseemstobeginearlyon,withtheirparents’aspirationsforthem,”reasonsOdermatt.“Wedid

n’texpectparents’aspirationsfortheirchildrentohavesuchastronginfluence.”“Thisremindsusthatweshouldn’tleaveitentirelytoparentstoinfluencechil

dren’scareeraspirations;schoolscanstepinhere,”Odermattpointsout.Teachingstaffcouldactivelymaketeenagersawareofcareersthatsuittheira

bilities.Thiscouldencouragethemtolookbeyondtheirownhorizons.Afterall,aperson’sviewoftheworldisoftenst

ronglydefinedbytheirsurroundings.17．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Topresentpreviousresearchfindingsonsocialmobility.B．

Tointroducetheconceptofsocialmobilitytoreaders.C．Toindicatethecomplexityofsocialmobilityresearch.D．Tostressthepra

cticalsignificanceofthenewstudy.18．Whatcanwelearnaboutthedatabaseofthestudy?A．Ithassomeunexpectedlimita

tions.B．Itfocusesmoreonchildrenthanonadults.C．Itcoversmanyaspectsofindividualsinvolved.D．Itwassetupthroughjointeffortsofmanycountries.19．Whic

hofthefollowingsurprisedtheresearchers?A．“Dreamingbig”canhaveanegativeinfluenceonyoungchildren.B．Children’sfuturecanbeobvio

uslyaffectedbyparents’aspirations.C．Educatedparentstendtohaveunambitiousaspirationsforchildren.D．Ambitiouscareergoalscanbehelpfulin

removingsocialinequality.20．WhatdoesOdermattexpectteacherstodo?A．Tohelpstudentsbroadentheirhorizons.B．Toencouragestu

dentstotryvariouscareers.C．Tomakechangestothestudents’surroundings.D．Toimprovestudents’adaptabilitytonewenvironments.6.（2023·湖

南永州·统考二模）Onemorningafewyearsago,athomeintheMänoaValleyonOahu,scientistKimberlyCarlsonlookedoutofthewindowandsawarainbow

sobrightandclearthatittookherbreathaway.Thatwasn’tashocker:Hawaiiispossiblythebestplaceintheworldtoseerainbowstoday,andManoah

asparticularlyidealconditionsforclearbows:frequentrainshowersandsunlight.ButCarlson,nowanenvironmentalscienceprofessornowatN

ewYorkUniversity,realizedshedidn’tknowtheanswertoasimplequestion:WouldclimatechangeaffectHawaii’sandthewholeplane

t’sbreathtakingrainbows?Shesharedthequestionwithsomeclimatescientistcolleagues,anditinterestedthemsomuchthattheyenlistedaclassfullofstudentstoinves

tigate.Rainbowsarenotspecialbecausetheirbasicingredientsarecommonandgovernedbyrelativelystraightforwardphysics.“Thebasicrecipeforseei

nganypartofthenaturalrainbow,”saysLee,“issunlitrain.”InNovember,theypublishedtheirfindings.“Climatechangeisaffectingrainbows—

nowweknowthat’strue,”saysCarlson,theleadauthoronthepaper,whichusedcomputermodelstosimulatefuturerainbow-readyconditions.

Asmajorweatherpatternschangebecauseofclimatechange,manypartsoftheworld-particularlyplacesnearertothep

oles,likeAlaskaorSiberia,willgetmorerain—potentiallyaddingdozensmorerainbow-richdaysbytheendofthecentury.Thechangesfollo

wbroaderpatternsofclimatechange;infact,theshiftshighlightsomeofthebiggestrisksanddangers.TheincreasesintheArctic,forexample,ar

elikelytoplayoutbecausewaterthatusedtofallfromtheskyassnowwillmoreoftendropdownasraininahotterfuture.And

today’srainbow-richAmazonispredictedtosuffermorefrequentlydrought—bothbecausetheforest,whichcurrentlycreatesitsow

nrain,willlosethatsuperpowerasitshrinks,andbecauseplanet-wideclimatechangeisshiftingandchangingthemajorweathe

rpatternsthatcausetropicalrainfall.21．WhydoestheauthormentionCarlson’sexperienceinparagraph1?A．Toexplainar

ule.B．Tointroduceatopic.C．Topresentafact.D．Tomakeaprediction.22．Whatisthemostimportantreasonofseeinganaturalrainbow?A．Frequentsunlight.

B．Frequentrainshowers.C．Thesunlitrain.D．Thegeographicposition.23．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Climatechangecausesmorerainbows.

B．Morerainbowsworsentheclimatecondition.C．TherewillbelessrainbowsinSiberia.D．ThetemperaturewillbelowerinAlaska.24．Whatcanwelearnfromth

elastparagraph?A．TheremaybemoresnowthanrainintheArctic.B．Rainbowswillbeontheincreasealways.C．Increaseofrainbowsisanatur

alphenomenon.D．Amazonmaysufferfromdroughtmorefrequently.7.（2023秋·北京房山·高三统考期末）Ofalltheweirdandwonderfulcreatureslivingunde

rthesea,perhapsthestrangestarejellyfish—thoserubbery,cone-shapedcreaturesfoundfloatinginthewater,theirlo

ngtentaclestrailingbehind.Somejellyfishspecieshaveabadreputationforscaringawaytourists,cloggingupfishingnets,andevenblo

ckingpowerstationpipes.Butwithmoreandmoreplasticrubbishendingupinthesea,thesedaysyou’reaslikelytoswimintoaplasticbagasajelly

fish.Nowscientificresearchisdiscoveringthattheserubberyseacreaturesmightprovideananswer—astickysolutiontotheproblemofplasticpollution.Inrec

entyears,tinypiecesofplasticcalledmicroplastichavebeenasignificantproblemfortheworld’sseasandoceans.Theseplasticsarenotvisibletotheeyeand

aren’tcaughtbyseawatertreatmentplantsduetotheirsmallsize,sotheyenteroursystemandharmourhealth.They’vebeenfoundinmanyplaces—inArcticice,atthebottomoft

heseaandeveninsideanimals.Slovenianscientist,DrAnaRotter,headsGoJelly,aEuropeanresearchteamofjellyfishecologistslookingintotheproblem.

Microplastics,plasticsingeneral,arebecominganincreasingproblem.DrAnaRottersayswhenshewasachild,peopleweremoreenvironmentallyfriendly—notharmfulto

theenvironmentorhavingtheleastpossibleimpactonit.Atthattime,therewereveryfewsingle-useplastics—plasticitems,likes

poonsandforks,designedtobeusedjustonce,thenthrownaway.Thesituationsincethenhaschangeddramatically.Infact,there’sbeensuchanincreasein

microplasticsthattodaytheUNlistsplasticpollutionasoneoftheworld’stopenvironmentalthreats.Buthowdojellyfish

fitintothestory?Well,it’sthe‘jelly’partofjellyfish,andspecificallytheirsticky,jelly-likemucusthatiskey.Jellyfishproduceathick,stickyliquidcalledmu

cus.DrAnaRotterhasdiscoveredthatthismucushasstrongabsorptivecapabilities—itcanabsorb,takeinliquidsandothersubstances.Oneofthesubstan

cesjellyfishmucusabsorbsaretheparticlesthatmakeupmicroplastics.DrRotter’sresearchisstillintheearlystages,

butit’shopedthatjellyfishmucuscouldholdthekeytoafuturefreeofmicroplasticpollutedoceans.Scientistsarehopingthatthemucus’sabs

orptiveproperties—itsabilitiestoabsorbliquidsandothersubstancesandholdthem,willallowittotrapparticlesofplasticfloatinginthesea.Bytrappingt

hese,themucusactslikeamagnet—anobjectthatattractscertainmaterials,likemetal,butinthiscase,microplasticwas

te.25．Paragraph3mainlytalksabout________.A．wheremicroplasticscanbefoundB．whymicroplasticscanharmourhealthC．whatproblemsthesea

sandoceansarefacingD．howtheresearchwascarriedoutbythescientist26．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Jellyfishspecies

causeagreatthreattothesea.B．Jellyfishspeciesliketoswimandliveinplasticbags.C．Jellyfishmucuscanattractmetalsandbreakthemdown.D．J

ellyfishmucuscanabsorbliquidsandsomeothersubstances.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“properties”inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A．Quali

ties.B．Substances.C．Choices.D．Materials.28．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?A．Toshowtheharmthatseaandoceanpollutionbringstohuma

nbeings.B．Tointroducethelivinghabitsoftheweirdandwonderfulcreaturesinthesea.C．Toprovideanewmethodforcollect

ingdataonenvironmentalthreatsinthesea.D．Toinformapromisingscientificfindingfordealingwithplasticpollutioninthesea.8.（2023秋·湖南永州·高三永州市第一中学校考阶段练习）An

ewstudyaddstoevidencethatpharmaceutical(制药的)drugsarepollutingriversintheUK.Ifantibiotics(抗生素)arewidespreadintheenvironment,thatc

ouldeventuallyleadtothembeinglesseffective.AstudybyscientistsattheUniversityofLeedssuggeststhatpharmaceuticalpollution—smallamountsofdrugslikep

ainkillersandantibiotics—iswidespreadinBritishrivers,andhighlightsthecurrentlackofmanagementaroundit.Dr.PaulKay,l

eadauthoronthestudy,whichwaspublishedinthejournalEnvironmentalPollution,andhiscolleaguesfoundthatsmallamountsoffivepharmaceuti

caldrugswerepresentinthemajorityofsamplestakenfromtheriversAireandCalderinWestYorkshireoveran18-monthperiod.Oneofthedrugsf

oundwasanantibiotic.Lettingantibioticsgetintoriverslikethiscouldcontributetothegrowingproblemofantibioticresistance,wher

eantibioticsstopworkingasthemicroorganisms(微生物)theyattackbecomeresistanttothem.“Ifwe’redischargingantibioticsintor

iversallthetime,andbacteriaarebeingconstantlyexposedtothem,thenobviouslythey’regoingtodevelopresistance,”saidKay.“Inthisparticu

larstudyweonlylookedatfivedrugs,buttherearepotentiallyhundredsifnotthousandsofdrugsinrivers,”hesaid.“Andf

romourstudy,theyjustdon’tseemtobecomelessinriversaswewouldexpectthemtodo,basedonourunderstandingfromlabexperime

nts.”Kayandhiscolleaguestooksamplesasfaras5kmdownstreamfromwastewatertreatmentplants,wherethedrugsarelikelytohaveenteredth

eriver,andfoundthatthedrugsdidn’tseemtogetbrokendown.These“environmentalmicroorganisms”canfindtheirwayintohumansthroughwater

,air,animals,andfood.Andtheeffectofsuchdrugsonwildlifeisnotyetclear.“Idon’tthinkthereareanyenormousdisastershappening,”Kaysaid.“Onthewhole

it’slongimpacts.”29．Whatisthefinalresultofpharmaceuticalpollution?A．Itworsenstheenvironment.B．Itincreasesprodu

ctioncosts.C．Itaffectsthequalityoflife.D．Itreducestheeffectofdrugs.30．WhatcanbeinferredaboutantibioticsfromKay’swordsfromParagraph5?A．Theymainlyexist

infivedrugs.B．Theycanliveforatleast18months.C．Theiramountwillnotdropinrivers.D．Theireffectonbacteriawillrise.31．What’sKay’sattitudetothe

environmentalmicroorganism?A．Optimistic.B．Concerned.C．Doubtful.D．Indifferent.32．Whereisthetextprobablyt

akenfrom?A．Aliteraturereview.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Asciencemagazine.D．Amedicineguide.9.（2022秋·江西赣州·高三校

联考期末）Lastnight,myhusbandandIjustcelebratedourweddinganniversary.Recallingthefunwehadonourweddingdayaswellassomeof

thefunnyaccidentswasagreatwaytogetusclosetoeachotherandampuptheromanceofthenight.Still,Icouldimaginemyfriendsroll

ingtheireyesatthatidea.Engaginginnostalgia(怀旧)seemedembarrassingforthemandtheyevenworrieditcouldmakemeregretful.

Afterall,whenyoulookbackontheearlydaysofyourromance,youmightfeelbittersweetafterrealizinghowmuchhaschanged.But

recentresearchsuggeststhatfeelingnostalgicaboutsignificantpasteventsfromyourrelationshipcanactuallybenefitit—whetheryour

ecallthosealoneorwithyourpartner.Inonestudy,someparticipantsinaromanticrelationshipwerepromptedtowriteabouta

nostalgicexperiencethey’dhadwiththeirpartnerortolistentoasongthatmadethemfeelnostalgicabouttheirrelationship,whileotherswrote

aboutanordinaryexperiencethey’dhadorasongtheyliked.Afterwards,thoseparticipantstoldtheresearchershowcloseandcommittedtheyfelttoth

eirpartner,howsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirrelationship,andhowmuchpassionatelovetheyfeltfortheirpartner.Aftercomparingthegroups,theresearchersfoundthat

thoseexperiencingnostalgiafeltcloser,morecommittedandmorelovingtowardtheirpartner,andweremoresatisfiedwiththeiro

verallrelationship.Thiswastrueevenwhenaccountingforotheremotions,likehappiness,whichmightaffectourviewsofothers.“Ourconclusionisth

atexperiencingnostalgiatemporarilyenhancesperceptionsofromanticrelationshipquality,”saysleadresearcherNichola

sEvansoftheUniversityofManitobainCanada.Whilepaststudieshavefoundthatfeelingnostalgicbringsmeaningtoone’slifeandhelpspeoplefeelmoresocia

llyconnected,theuseofnostalgiainromanticrelationships,specifically,hadnotbeentestedbefore.Evansbelievesthisisanuntappedresourceforcouples.“No

w,wehaveprovedthatnostalgiadefinitelycouldbeoneofmanytoolstohelpenhanceromanticrelationships,”hesays.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ampup”inthefir

stparagraphmean?A．Assess.B．Recall.C．Increase.D．Ruin.34．Whatistheauthor’sfriends’opiniononnostalgia?A．Engaginginitisbenefici

al.B．Ithardlyaffectsrelationships.C．Experiencingitisverynatural.D．Itmayleadtounpleasantresults.35．Whatwereallthepa

rticipantsinthestudyaskedtodo?A．Singwiththeirpartners.B．Commentoneachother.C．Listentonostalgicsongs.D．Reporttheirfeelings.36．Whatcanwelearnaboutt

hestudy?A．Itstillneedstobeimproved.B．Itisofpioneeringsignificance.C．Itsresultconfirmscouples’belief.D．Itsconclusionhasbe

entestedbefore.10.（2022·四川绵阳·四川省绵阳南山中学校考二模）Beautifulcoralreefs(珊瑚礁)inThaiseashavebeengraduallyworseningduetoglobalwarmingthatcausescoralbleac

hing,inadditiontocertainhumanactivitieswithoutpropercontrolandenvironmentalconsciousness.Recently,researchersfro

mThaiuniversityChulalongkomhavecreated3D-printedcoralreefsmodeledonthenatureofrealcoralscalledInnovareeftoacceleratetherecoveryofthecoralreefecosys

tem.Innovareefcoralsarecoatedwithcalciumandphosphatenutrients(钙磷营养物)thatcoralsneedtothriveandconsisto

fflatsurfaces.Thereefs’holesserveashabitatsandhidingplacesformanyseaanimals.Artificialreefsalsomakeuseofhydrodynamicstechnologytoenhance

theirresistancetotidalforcesandensurethattheystayinplace.Finally,thePH(levelofacidity)oftheselectedtypeofcementusedforthereefsiscloseto

thatofseawater,andthedesignconceptisthatofLego,easilyassembled(组装)anddisassembledblocksthatareeasytotransportandfix.“TheInnov

areefisnottoolarge.It’slight-weightedandcanbecarriedbyanyonethussavingtransportationcosts.Youcansimplyputitatanydesiredloca

tionintheseaandthendivedowntoputalltheunitstogethertocompletetheInnovareef.Notevenfiveminutesafterward,

fishandseveraloceancreaturesstarttocomeintosurveyandmakeittheirnewhabitat,leadingtobiodiversityaroundt

heInnovareef.Moreimportantly,theresearchdataindicatesthatthesettlementandgrowthratesofplanulaontheInnov

areefarebetterthanthoseonotherartificialreefs,”saidAssociateProfessorDr.NantarikaChansueatChulalongkornUniversity.Innovareefisthehopefortheeffe

ctiverecoveryofnaturalcoralreefs.Nowtheteamisfocusedonaddingmoredetailssothatthenewstructureslookmorelike

naturalreefs.ForthefuturegenerationsofInnovareef,theteamwilldevelopamorespecificdesignforeachseaspeciesinthea

rea.37．WhatfunctionisexpectedoftheInnovareef?A．Toextendthelifeofcorals.B．Tomonitorthegrowthofcorals.C．Tohelprestorenaturalco

ralreefs.D．Toprotectcoralreefsfromhumandestruction.38．WhatdoweknowabouttheInnovareeffromparagraph2?A．Itishighlyresistanttoheat.B．Itha

slowmanufacturingcosts.C．Itprovidesrichnutrientsforfish.D．Itisportableandeasytoassemble.39．WhatareDr.NantarikaChansue’swordsmainlyabout?A．Theadvantag

esoftheInnovareef.B．TheinspirationfortheInnovareef.C．Themethodsofimprovingoceanhabitats.D．Theimporta

nceofprotectingbiodiversity.40．Whatwillresearchersprobablydointhefuture?A．ApplytheInnovareefonalargescale.B．CarryoutmoretestsontheIn

novareef.C．MakeaspecificdesignoftheInnovareef.D．Conductfurtherresearchonnaturalcoralreefs