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上海市建平中学2019学年第二学期期末考试高一英语试题出卷人&审卷人：高一英语备课组说明：（1）本场考试时间为90分钟，总分100分；（2）请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirecti

ons:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutw

hatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourp

aper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atagasstation.B.Atanairport.C.Atatrainstation.D.

Atabusstation.2.A.$5.B.$10.C.$14.D.$40.3.A.Receptionistandguest.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Doctorandpatient.D.Waiteranddiner.4.A.Shehasgoteveryt

hingready.B.Sheneverhesitatesoverwhattotake.C.Shehatespackingbyherself.D.Sheneedsmoretimeforpacking.5.A.

TheyshouldwaitforJohnforawhile.B.Theyshouldstayhereforthenight.C.Theyshouldstartthemeetingrightaway.D.TheyshouldcallJohnatonce.6.A

.Reasonable.B.Bright.C.Serious.D.Ridiculous.7.A.Sheisn’tinthemoodtotravel.B.Franceistoofarforfamilyholiday.C.Familyholidaynolongerinteres

tsher.D.Shehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.8.A.Sendleaflets.B.Gosightseeing.C.Dosomegardening.D.Visitalawyer.9.A.Themani

stooforgetful.B.Themanshouldn’tgetannoyed.C.Themanhastoomanykeys.D.Themanshouldattendmorelessons.10.A.Hewantstoliveinap

artments.B.Hethinkshissignatureisunnecessary.C.Hehasalreadysignedacontract.D.Hedoesn’talwayssaywhathemeans.SectionBDirections:InSect

ionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralqu

estions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswe

rsonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefol

lowingpassage.11.A.Usethecompany’sequipment.B.Giveorderstorobots.C.Makedecisionsforthecompany.D.ActasBigBrother.12.A.

Employeesgainfullfreedom.B.Employeessuspectoneanother.C.Employees’childrenarehappy.D.Employeesenjoyworkingthere.13.A.Reward.B.Safety.C.Tru

st.D.Honesty.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Educatingchildren.B.Savingrareanimals.C.Recreatingane

nvironment.D.Makingaprofit.15.A.Animalsmakevisitorsstressful.B.Animalsmustlivetheirlivesincages.C.Animalscanfeelboreda

ndsad.D.Animalsareindangerofextinction.16.A.Theyarestillusefulandnecessary.B.Theyhavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages

.C.Theyareaperfectenvironmentforanimals.D.Theyarerecreationalplacesforanimals.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingco

nversation.17.A.Itcomesfromtheheart.B.It’ssomethingyouhavetothinkabout.C.Itnevergetsboring.D.It’snotafeelingoranemotion.18.A.She

hadlongblackhair.B.Sheworeblackleatherclothes.C.Sheneverworepants.D.Sheworebluejeans.19.A.UpYourAlley.B.TheBlackhear

ts.C.CaryGlitter.D.SlyandtheFamilyStone.20.A.Shedidn’tactuallyhavemuchinfluence.B.Peoplestilldon’tunder

standher.C.Shestillwantstoperform.D.Sheisastaronthestage.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Choosethebestanswertocompletethefollowingsen

tences.21.There_______belessriskofclimbingtothesummitsincewehavemadeadequatepreparationsforit.A.shouldB.shallC.needD.

would22.Topstudentsarenotmerelythosewhosituplateandstudy.Itisefficiency______matters.A.thatB.howC.whatD.which23.Thereason______g

irlsoutperformboysatalllevelsofeducationis______girlsmaturefasterthanboysandaremoredisciplinedandconscientious.A.why,b

ecauseB.how,thatC.how,becauseD.why,that24.Multitaskingreducesthequalityofourwork______itmakesithardforustoorganizethoughtsandremovei

rrelevantinformation.A.thoughB.asC.whileD.if25.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities______theycangainexperiencefor

growth.A.whoB.whenC.whereD.which26.Theforestfire__________onMarch30inMuliCountyinSichuanclaimedthelivesof2

7Chinesefirefightersandfourvolunteers.A.breakingoutB.thatwasbrokenoutC.brokeoutD.thatbrokeout27.Governmentsofsomec

ountriesseeitastheirresponsibility________theamountandkindofrisktheircitizensareexposedto.A.controlsB.controlledC.hascontrolledD.toco

ntrol28.Sincelivinginthecountryischeap________withthatinbigcities,mygrandpadecidedtospendtherestofhislifeinthecountry.A.incom

binationB.incomparisonC.incontactD.inconnectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheblankstomakethepassagecohere

ntandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherblanks,useone

wordthatbestfitseachblank.Mydaughter(Astorytoldbyafather,afamousactor)MywifeandIonlyhadtheonechild.WehadAmy.Iseeh

erasmybestfriend.Ithinkshe’dalwayscometomefirstifshehadaproblem.Wehavethesamesenseofhumor,andshareinterests.(29)______Idon’tmindanimals,s

he’scompletelyfascinatedwiththem,andshehasalwayshaddogs,cats,horses,andgoldfishinherlife.Wewere(30)______(close)whensh

ewasaboutfour,whichIthinkisalovelyageforachild.Theyknowtheparentsbest,anddon’thaveoutsidecontacts.Shemusthavegro

wnupsuddenlywhenshewenttoschool,becauseIrememberhergrowingawayfromherfamilyslightly.Anyfatherwhohasateenagerdaughtercom

esacrossanextraordinarycollectionofpeople,andthereseemedtobeanendlessstreamofstrangeyoungmen(31)______(come)throughourhouse.BythetimeIlearn

edtheirnamesthey(32)______(go)awayandIhadtostartlearninganewlot.Iwantedmorethananythingelseforhertobehappyin(33)______shewasdoing,andIwas

preparedtopullstringstohelpheronherway.WhensheleftagoodschoolshedecidedshewantedtobecomeanactresssoIgotherintodramaschool.Itwasn’ttoh

erlikingsoshejoinedatheatregroupandbegandoingbitsandpiecesinfilms.Shewasdoingwell,butthengaveitup.She

probablyfounditboring.Thenshetookupsocialwork,andfinallywenttowork(34)______adesignerandhebecameherhusband.Andthat’sreallythestoryofherl

ife.Shemustbehappywithhim—they’realwaystogether.Wehavesuchsimilartastesinbooksandmusic(35)______Iusedtotakehertoseeanopera,whichismybigpassi

on.However,Idon’tthinkshelikesitverymuch.Shedoesn’tcomewithmeanymore.Idon’tthinkshe’sabigtelevisionwatcher.Sheknow

swhenI’monthetelevision,andshe(36)______watch,butIdon’tknow.It’snotthekindofthingshetellsme.We’reverygratefulforAmy.S

he’sagooddaughterasdaughtersgo.We’relookingforwardtobeinggrandparents.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingp

assagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.behaviorB.challengi

ngC.appearD.responsiveE.increasedF.shelteringG.commandH.evaluateI.bannedJ.similarK.frustrationPerhapsyou’

vehadtoputupwithamoody,uncooperativeteenager.Youmayhavebeenoneyourself.Anewstudysuggeststhatdogsgothrougha___37___phaseof

stubbornnessanddisobediencewhentheyhitpuberty(青春期)atabouteightmonthsold.Lookingatthebehaviorofatotalof378dogs,resea

rchersfoundthattheanimalsweremoreobedientandmore___38___oneithersideofthateight-monthperiod—butonlywhe

nitcametotheirowners,nottolessfamiliartrainers.Sonotonlydodogs___39___tohaveadifficultpubertyjustlikewedo

,theyalsosharethe___40___thatweoftenfeeltowardsourparentsorcaregiverswhenwehitourteenageyears.Thatmeansalottolong-termpuppycareand___41___.“Th

isisaveryimportanttimeinadog’slife,”saysanimal___42___researcherLucyAsher,fromNewcastleUniversityintheUK.“

Thisiswhendogsareoftenrehomedbecausetheyarenolongeracutelittlepuppyandsuddenly,theirownersfindtheyaremore___43___andtheyc

annolongercontrolthemortrainthem.”“Butaswithhumanteenagechildren,ownersneedtobeawarethattheirdogisgoingthroughaphaseanditw

illpass.”Inoneexperimentwith93Labradorretrievers,goldenretrieversandtheircrossbreeds,thedogsateightmonthsold

werefoundtotakelongerandbemorereluctanttorespondtoa‘sit’___44___givenbytheircaregiverthantheywerewhenjus

tfivemonthsold.Theeight-month-oldsdidn’tshowthesamestubbornnesswhenthecommandwasgivenbyastranger,though.Theresearchersfoundfurtherevid

enceofthiseffectinsurveydatagatheredon285Labradors,goldenretrievers,Germanshepherdsandtheircrossbreeds.Dogown

ersandtrainerslessfamiliarwiththedogswereaskedto___45___theanimals’‘trainability’byansweringquestionsonobedie

nceandhowquicklycommandswererespondedto.Again,thecaregiversrankedtheirdogsaslessobedientateightmonthsoldcomparedwithfivemonthsoldor12monthsold.T

hetrainersreportedthe___46___obediencebetweentheagesoffivemonthsandeightmonths.III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowi

ngpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext

.Thesecrettoasuccessfulsequel(续集)—asecretKeepingtheentirecastandcrewofafilmasecretishard.Butwhenit’samassivemovielikeFantast

icBeasts:TheCrimesofGrindelwald,withsome700peopleand1,000costumes—including400coatsalone—it’snextto___47___.Allprecautionsaretake

n:charactersaregivencodenames,thesmallestdetailsareprotectedbynondisclosureagreements,anddigitalscriptsareencodedand___48___afteracertainamo

untoftimeincaseofbeingcopiedandspread.It’snotquitemagic,butit’sclose.Thepressuretonotrevealanything—even___49___—isenoughtogiveEddieRedmay

neadifficulttime.“I’vebeensentthisfunnydocumentwhichis___50___withdouble-caps,triple-underlinednotessaying,YOUCAN’TTAL

KABOUTTHIS,”saystheOscarwinner,whoreturnsaswizardNewtScamanderinthesequel,whichcontinuesthestoryoftheea

rlier___51___.Doesheevertellanyone?Heleansinandadmits,alittle___52___,thathedoes:hiswife,HannahBagshawe.Howhavetheysuccessfull

ykeptitasecret?ItcertainlyhelpsthatJ.K.Rowling,thewriterofthework,isthe___53___ofkeepingsecrets.Shefamouslyclaimstohaveknowncrucialplot

pointsfromherbest-sellingbookseries’endgameyearsinadvance.Also,JohnnyDepp’s___54___appearanceinthemovie—theactorhasbeenaccusedofd

omesticviolencebyhisex-wifeAmberHeard—asthedarkwizardGrindelwaldwaskeptunder___55___untiljusttwoweeksbeforethefirstfilmcam

eoutin2016.Bearingthiscommitmenttosecrecyinmind,it’snosurprisethatRowlinghas___56___thedetailstofewpeopleabouthowthe___57

___threemoviesintheproposedfive-partserieswillplayout.EvenproducerTimLewis,whohasworkedoneightHarryPotterinstallments,is_

__58___.“Wehaven’tseenscriptsforthenextone,”hesays.“IamassumingRowlingknowsthewholeplan,butIcouldn’tsay.”Theearningsarehighenough:thefi

rstFantasticBeastsmoviereached$814million.That’sanumbermoststudioswould___59___,butwhenitcomestoHarryP

otter,expectationsstartsky-high.Inaworldfilledwithuniversesbasedonexistingintellectualproperty—StarWars,Marve

l—appreciationfatigueisalwayspossible.Butfornow,theextremeenthusiasmshowsnosignof___60___:HarryPotterandtheCursedChild,aplaybasedonanideabyRowlin

g,isacriticalandcommercial___61___.FortheBeastssequel,analystsarealreadypredictinganopeningweekendof$65millionto$75million.47.A

.uselessB.impossibleC.successfulD.critical48.A.recoveredB.releasedC.deletedD.split49.A.incontrolB.byaccidentC.forreferenceD.incase50.A.covered

B.comparedC.armedD.furnished51.A.commercialB.adaptationC.imaginationD.reputation52.A.sadlyB.proudlyC.angrilyD.s

hyly53.A.suspectB.counsellorC.masterD.pioneer54.A.awfulB.debatableC.welcomedD.excellent55.A.protectionB.wrapsC.investigationD.discussion56.A.adve

rtisedB.justifiedC.highlightedD.revealed57.A.remainingB.enduringC.revealingD.threatening58.A.inthedarkB.inth

eclearC.ontheairD.onthescene59.A.sufferfromB.watchforC.dreamaboutD.lookinto60.A.speedingupB.givingoffC.turningaroundD.dyingdown61.

A.innovationB.smashC.promotionD.chanceSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysevera

lquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IwasinmythirdyearofteachingcreativewritingatRalphMcKeeVocationalSchoolwhenoneofmystudents,

16-year-oldMikey,gavemeanotefromhismother.Itexplainedhisabsencefromclassthedaybefore.IhadseenMikeywritingthenoteathisdesk,usinghislefthandtoc

hangehishandwriting.Isaidnothing.Studentshadbeenforging(伪造)excusenotessincetheylearnedtowrite,andifI

weretoconfronteachforgerI’dbebusy24hoursaday.IthrewMikey’snoteintoadeskdraweralongwithdozensofothernotes.Whilemystudentstookate

st,IdecidedtoreadallthenotesI’donlyglancedatbefore.Thewritingrangedfromimaginativetosenseless.Iwashavinganidea.Studentscomplaineda

ndsaiditwashardputting200wordstogetheronanysubjectbutwhentheyforgedexcusenotes,theywerebrilliant.ThenotesIhadcouldbeturnedintoacollectionofGreat

AmericanExcuses.Iread:“Thestovecaughtfireandthewallpaperwentupandthefiredepartmentkeptusoutofthehouseallnight.”“Hissister’sd

ogatehishomeworkandIhopeitchokeshim.”Thewritersofthesenotesdidn’trealizethathonestexcusenoteswereusuallydull:“Peterwaslatebe

causethealarmclockdidn’tgooff.”OnedayIdistributedtheexcusenotestomyclasses.“Mr.McCourt,whowrotethese?”askedoneboy.“Youdid,

”Isaid.“Iomittednamestoprotecttheguilty.They’resupposedtobewrittenbyparents,butyouandIknowtherealauthors.Yes,Mik

ey?”“Sowhatarewesupposedtodo?”“Thisisthefirstclasstostudytheartoftheexcusenoteandpracticewritingthem.You’resoluckytohaveateacherlike

mewhohastakenyourbestwritingandturneditintoasubjectworthyofstudy.”EveryonesmiledasIwenton,“Youdidn’tsettlefortheoldalarmclockstory.Youus

edyourimaginations.Sotryitnow.Imagineyouhavea15-year-oldwhoneedsanexcuseforfallingbehindinEnglish.”Thestudentsproducedexcuses,rangingfroma16-wheele

rcrashingintoahousetoaseverecaseoffoodpoisoningblamedontheschoolcafeteria.Theysaid,“More,more.Canwedomore?”SoIsaid,“I’dlikey

outowrite—”AndIfinished,“‘AnExcuseNotefromAdamtoGod’or‘AnExcuseNotefromEvetoGod.’”Headswentdown.Pensracedacrosspaper.Beforelongt

hebellrang.ForthefirsttimeeverIsawstudentssoimmersedintheirwritingtheyhadtobeurgedtogotolunchbytheirfriends.62.Whatwastheauthor’sa

ttitudetowardsstudents’forgingtheexcusenotesatthebeginningofthestory?A.FavorableB.UnconcernedC.NegativeD.Critical63.Bysaying“Iwashavinganide

a”(Para.4),theauthorprobablymeansthat______.A.hedecidedtoreadalltheexcusenotestothestudentsB.herealizedthatMikeywasgoodatwritingexcusenotes

C.heunderstoodwhysomanystudentsforgedexcusenotesD.hefoundthattheexcusenotescouldbeusedinwritingclass64.Theauthoraske

dthestudenttopracticewritingexcuseswiththeaimof______.A.punishingthemforwritinglunaticexcusenotesB.askingthemt

oreflectonthestoryaboutAdamC.exercisingtheirimaginationincreativewritingD.tellingthemtowriteanexcusenoteskillfully(B)Environm

entallyFriendlyDenmarkWhatAreTheyDoingandHowIsItHelping?THEYPREFERTOCYCLEOnaverage,DaneslivinginCopenhagencyclealmos

t2milesaday.Danesarefarmorelikelytoownabikethantheyareacar,infact40%ofDanesownacarand90%abike.Source:CyclingEmbassyofDenmarkTHEYDON’TWASTEFOODD

anesareverygoodatavoidingwastingfood.Supermarketsoffer80%reductionsattheendofthedaytotrytominimizewaste.Anappcalled“To

oGoodToGo”alsoallowsrestaurantstogiveawayunwantedfoodatclosingtime.THEYAREAWAREDanesaremindfulaboutknowingwhe

retheirfoodhascomefrom.Itisnotuncommonforchildrentobetakentowitnesskillinganddissectionsofanimalsatzoossotheyunderstandwherethe

foodontheirplatebeganitslife.Source:NewYorkerTHEYEATORGANICDaneseatmoreorganicfoodthananyothercountryinth

eworld.Thisisbecauseorganicfoodisnotsignificantlymoreexpensivethanotheroptions,makingitagoodchoiceforeveryo

ne.Source:TheLocalTHEYUSECLEANENERGYBy2050,Denmarkwishestobecomeindependentoffossilfuels.Thisisfarfromunreachableasearlierthisy

earthecountryranentirelyonwindenergyforawholeday.Source:TheDanishEcologicalCouncil65.Thearticleiswrittento_______.A.showth

ereadershowDenmarkstaysenvironmentally-friendlyB.persuadethereaderstoadoptDanes’environmental-protectionme

thodsC.entertainthereaderswithcreativeenvironmental-protectionmethodstakenbyDanesD.identifyorganizationsprovidinginformationaboutth

eenvironmentally-friendlyDenmark66.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Demarkisabletofunctionproperlyforl

ongwithouttheuseoffossilfuels.B.Danishsupermarketsaretryingtoreduceitsamountoffoodtocutwaste.C.ManyDanestaketheirchildrentozoostoshowthemwherefoodcom

esfrom.D.Unlikeothercountries,organicfoodinDenmarkischeaperthannon-organicfood.(C)Inthemid-1980s,astudycomparedmtDNAfromp

eoplearoundtheworld.ItfoundthatpeopleofAfricandescent(后裔)hadtwiceasmanygeneticdifferencesfromeachotherthanasdidothers.

Becausemutations(基因突变)seemtooccuratasteadyrateovertime,scientistswereabletoconcludethatmodernhumansmusthavelivedinAf

ricaatleasttwiceaslongasanywhereelse.Theynowcalculatethatalllivinghumansdescendfromasinglewomanwholivedroughly150,000yearsagoinAfrica,“Eve”.Ifge

neticistsareright,allofhumanityislinkedtoEvethroughanunbrokenchainofmothers.ThisEvewassoonjoinedby“Y-Chromosome(染色体)Adam

,”thegeneticfatherofusall,alsofromAfrica.DNAstudieshaveconfirmedthatallthepeopleonEarth,withalltheirshapesandcolors,cant

racetheirancestrytoancientAfricans.Whatseemscertainisthatataremarkablyrecentdate—probablybetween50,000and70,000

yearsago—onesmallgroupofpeople,theancestorsofmodernhumansoutsideofAfrica,leftAfricaforwesternAsia,eitherbymigra

tingaroundthenorthernendoftheRedSeaoracrossitsnarrowsouthernopening.OnceinAsia,geneticevidencesuggests,thepopu

lationsplit.OnegroupstoppedtemporarilyintheMiddleEast,whiletheothercommencedajourneywhichwouldlasttensofth

ousandsofyears.Movingalittlefurtherwitheachnewgeneration,theyfollowedthecoastaroundtheArabianPeninsul

a,India,andSoutheastAsia,allthewaytoAustralia.“Themovementwasprobablyunnoticeable,”saysSpencerWells.“Itwaslessofajourneyandprobablymorelikewalki

ngalittlefartherdownthebeachtogetawayfromthecrowd.”Althougharcheologicalevidenceofthis13,000-kilometer(8,000-mile)migrationfromAfricato

Australiahasalmostcompletelydisappeared,genetictracesofthegroupthatmadethetripdoexist.TheyhavebeenfoundintheDNAofnativepeoplesintheAndamanIslandsne

arMyanmar,inMalaysia,andinPapuaNewGuinea,andintheDNAofnearlyallAustralianaborigines(土著).Moderndiscoveriesof45,000-year-oldbodiesinAustralia

,buriedatasitecalledLakeMungo,providesomephysicalevidenceforthetheoriesaswell.PeopleintherestofAsiaandEuropeshar

edifferentbutequallyancientmtDNAandmutations.Themutationswhichtheypossessshowthatmostaredescendantsof

thegroupthatstayedintheMiddleEastforthousandsofyearsbeforemovingon.Perhapsabout40,000yearsago,modernh

umansfirstadvancedintoEurope.67.WhathappenedtothefirstgroupofhumansthatmovedfromAfricaintoAsia?A.Mostoft

hemigrantsturnedbackintoAfrica.B.Theyseparatedintotwogroups.C.MostofthemigrantsmoveddirectlyintoEurope.D.TheystayedintheM

iddleEastfortensofthousandsofyears.68.WhichofthefollowingiscitedasevidenceforthegreatmigrationtoAustralia?A.DiscoveryofhumanremainsinAustr

aliaB.DNAofpeopleinSoutheastAfricaC.DNAofimmigrantstoAustraliaD.DiscoveriesfrommodernsocietiesinAsia69.Thetitleforthisreadingcouldbe_

______.A.FindingY-ChromosomeAdamB.WhoweretheFirstHumans?C.TheDiscoveryofDNAinAfricaD.MigratingOutofAfrica(D)PessimismVS.ProgressFASTER,CHEAPER,BETTE

R—technologyisonefieldmanypeoplerelyontoofferavisionofabrighterfuture.Asthe2020sdawns,however,optimismisinshortsupply.Th

enewtechnologiesthathavedominatedthepastdecadeseemtobemakingthingsworse.Socialmediawassupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttoday,it

isbetterknownforinvadingprivacy.Parentsworrythatsmartphoneshaveturnedtheirchildrenintoscreen-addictedzombies.Thisdepressedmoodisc

enteredonsmartphonesandsocialmedia,whichtookoffadecadeago.However,concernshavearisenthatparticulartechnologiesmightbedoingmoreha

rmthangood.The1920switnessaresistancetocars,whichhadearlierbeenseenasamiraculousanswertotheproblemofhorse-

drawnvehicles.Inthe1970s,thedepressionwaspromptedbyconcernsaboutenvironmentaldamageandtheprospectofnuclearaccidents.Ineachofthesehistoricalcases

,disappointmentarosefromamixofunrealizedhopesandunforeseenconsequences.Technologyproducestheforcesofcreativedestruction,whichrepla

cestheoutdatedproductionunits,soitisnaturalthatitleadstoanxiety.Foranygiventechnology,itsdrawbackssometimesseemtooutwei

ghitsbenefits.Whenthishappenswithseveraltechnologiesatthesametime,asitdoestoday,theresultisawidersenseoftechn

o-pessimism.However,thispessimismcanbeoverdone.Toooftenpeoplefocusonthedisadvantagesofanewtechnologywhiletakingits

benefitsforgranted.Worriesaboutscreentimeshouldbeweighedagainsttheinstantaccesstoinformationandentertainmentthatsmartphonesmakepossible.Effortstoavo

idtheshort-termcostassociatedwithanewtechnologywillendupdenyingaccesstoitslong-termbenefits.Fearsthatrobotswillstealpeople’sjobsmaypromotegovernmen

tstotaxthem,forexample,todiscouragetheiruse,butinthelongrun,countriesthatwishtomaintaintheirstandardofliv

ingastheirworkforceagesandshrinkswillneedmorerobots,notfewer.Thatpointstoanotherlesson:theremedyfortechnology-relatedprobl

emsveryofteninvolvesmoretechnology.Airbagsandotherimprovementsinsafetyfeatures,forexample,meanthatinAmerica,deathsincaraccidentsp

erbillionmilestravelledhavefallenfromaround240inthe1920stoaround12today.Themostimportantlessonisabouttechnologyitself.Anypowerfultechnol

ogycanbeusedforgoodorill.Biotechnology,forexample,canraisecropyieldsandcurediseases,butitcouldequallyleadtodeadlyweapons.Technologyitselfisneu

tral.Itisthechoicespeoplemakeaboutitthatshapetheworld.Willtechnologyleadtopessimismorprogress?Thequestionshouldbeset

tledbyabroaddebate,notbyasmallgroupoftechnologists.70.Theword“prompted”inparagraph2probablymeans______

_.A.causedB.preventedC.relievedD.removed71.Accordingtotheauthor,pessimismovernewtechnologiesisoftenresultedfromt

hefactthat_______.A.technologicalinnovationshardlycauseunexpectedproblemsB.peopleassumethefaultsofnewtechnologiestobenatur

alC.newtechnologiestendtoemergewithuncertaintyaboutfutureD.newtechnologiescausemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages72.Bywritingthisarticle,thea

uthormainlywantedtoarguethat_______.A.optimismovernewtechnologiesisinshortsupplyasthe2020comesB.pessimismoverinn

ovations,ifnotoverdone,ishelpfulandevenessentialC.peopletendtocaremoreaboutinnovations’problemsthanabouttheirbenefitsD.people’swisedecisionontheuseof

newtechnologiesreallymatters(E)CanYouTrustYourBrain?Yourbrainliestoyoualot.We’resorrytohavetotellyouthisbutit’str

ue.Evenwhenyourbrainisdoingimportantanddifficultstuff,you’renotawareofmostofwhat’sgoingon.Yourbraindoesn’tintendtolietoyou,ofcourse.Forthemostpart,i

t’sdoingagreatjob,workinghardtohelpyousurviveandachieveyourgoalsinacomplicatedworld.Becauseyouoftenhavetoreactquicklytoemergenci

esandopportunities,yourbrainusuallytriestogetasimpleanswerinahurryratherthanaprefectanswerthattakestimetoworkout.Butastheworldisnotsimple,th

ismeansthatyourbrainhastotakeshortcutsandmakealotofassumptions.______73______Theproblemstartwhenthebrainta

kesininformationfromtheworldthroughthesenses.Evenifyouaresittingquietlyinaroom,yourbrainreceivesfarmoreinformationthanitcanhold

ontoorthanyouneedtodecidehowtoact.Youmaybeawareofthedetailedpatternofcoloursintherug,thephotographsonthewalland

thesoundsofbirdsoutside.______74______Usuallythesethingsaren’timportantsowedon’toftennoticehowmuchinformationwelose.Whenpeoplel

ookatcomplicatedpictures,theycanidentifydifferencesiftheimagesremainstill.Butiftheimagemovesquickly,thentheyhavealotmoretrouble.______75______Tot

estthis,psychologistshavetriedmoreinterestingwaysofgettingpeopletofailtonoticethings.Inoneofourfavorites,aresearcherapproachessomeoneon

thestreetandasksfordirections.Whilethepersonisreplying,workmencarryalargedoorbetweenthetwopeople,blockingtheirviewofeachother.Behindthecoverofthedo

or,thepersonwhoaskedfordirectionsisreplacedbyanotherresearcherwhocarriesontheconversationasifnothinghadhappened.Evenwhenthesec

ondpersonlooksverydifferentfromthefirst,thepersongivingthedirectionshasonlyaboutafiftypercentchanceofnoticingthechan

ge.______76______A.Yourbrain’sliesareinyourbestinterest—mostofthetime—buttheyalsoleadtopredictablemista

kes.B.Thisisbecauseweimaginethatweremembermoredetailsthanwereallycan.C.Theexperimentsillustratethatyouperce

iveonlyalittlebitofwhat’sgoingonintheworld.D.Yourbrainselectivelyprocessesdetailsthatareimportantforyoutonotic

e.E.Yourbrainperceivesmanyotheraspectsofthesceneinitiallybutquicklyforgetsthem.F.Thishappensbecauseourvisualmemoryisn’tverygood.V.Tra

nslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.77.如果你发烧了，请立即联系你的老师。（hesitation）78.警方声称，他们必定会采取行动，捉拿侥幸

逃脱法律制裁的罪犯。（narrowly）79.据粗略估计，大多数尝试过节食的人都必定经历了很多困难。（estimate）80.无论是谁，只要他在疫情期间故意隐瞒行程，都将成为众矢之的。（target）