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上海市建平中学2019学年第二学期期末考试高一英语试题出卷人&审卷人：高一英语备课组说明：（1）本场考试时间为90分钟，总分100分；（2）请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADir

ections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversatio

nsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecid

ewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Atagasstation.B.Atanairport.C.Atatrainstation.D.Atabusstatio

n.2.A.$5.B.$10.C.$14.D.$40.3.A.Receptionistandguest.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Doctorandpatient.D.Waiteranddiner.4.A.S

hehasgoteverythingready.B.Sheneverhesitatesoverwhattotake.C.Shehatespackingbyherself.D.Sheneedsmoretim

eforpacking.5.A.TheyshouldwaitforJohnforawhile.B.Theyshouldstayhereforthenight.C.Theyshouldstartthemee

tingrightaway.D.TheyshouldcallJohnatonce.6.A.Reasonable.B.Bright.C.Serious.D.Ridiculous.7.A.Sheisn’tinthemoodtotravel.B.Franceistoofarforfami

lyholiday.C.Familyholidaynolongerinterestsher.D.Shehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.8.A.Sendleaflets.B.Gosightseeing.C.Dosomegardeni

ng.D.Visitalawyer.9.A.Themanistooforgetful.B.Themanshouldn’tgetannoyed.C.Themanhastoomanykeys.D.Themanshouldattendmorelessons.10.A

.Hewantstoliveinapartments.B.Hethinkshissignatureisunnecessary.C.Hehasalreadysignedacontract.D.Hedoesn’talwayssaywhathemeans.SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversat

ion,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11

through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Usethecompany’sequipment.B.Giveorderstorobots.C.Makedecisionsforthecomp

any.D.ActasBigBrother.12.A.Employeesgainfullfreedom.B.Employeessuspectoneanother.C.Employees’childrenarehappy.D.Employeesenjoywo

rkingthere.13.A.Reward.B.Safety.C.Trust.D.Honesty.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Educatingchildren.B.Savingrareanimals.C.R

ecreatinganenvironment.D.Makingaprofit.15.A.Animalsmakevisitorsstressful.B.Animalsmustlivetheirlivesincages.C.Animalscanfeelboredandsad.D.

Animalsareindangerofextinction.16.A.Theyarestillusefulandnecessary.B.Theyhavemoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.C.Theyareaperfec

tenvironmentforanimals.D.Theyarerecreationalplacesforanimals.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Itcomesfrom

theheart.B.It’ssomethingyouhavetothinkabout.C.Itnevergetsboring.D.It’snotafeelingoranemotion.18.A.Shehadlongblackhair.B.Sheworeblackleather

clothes.C.Sheneverworepants.D.Sheworebluejeans.19.A.UpYourAlley.B.TheBlackhearts.C.CaryGlitter.D.SlyandtheFamilyStone.20.A.She

didn’tactuallyhavemuchinfluence.B.Peoplestilldon’tunderstandher.C.Shestillwantstoperform.D.Sheisastaronthestage

.II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Choosethebestanswertocompletethefollowingsentences.21.There_______belessriskofclimbingtothe

summitsincewehavemadeadequatepreparationsforit.A.shouldB.shallC.needD.would22.Topstudentsarenotmerelythosewhosituplateandstudy.Itisefficienc

y______matters.A.thatB.howC.whatD.which23.Thereason______girlsoutperformboysatalllevelsofeducationis______girlsmaturefasterthanboys

andaremoredisciplinedandconscientious.A.why,becauseB.how,thatC.how,becauseD.why,that24.Multitaskingreducesthequ

alityofourwork______itmakesithardforustoorganizethoughtsandremoveirrelevantinformation.A.thoughB.asC.whileD.if25.Studentsshou

ldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whereD.which26.Theforestfire_________

_onMarch30inMuliCountyinSichuanclaimedthelivesof27Chinesefirefightersandfourvolunteers.A.breakingoutB.thatwasbrokenoutC.brokeoutD.thatbrok

eout27.Governmentsofsomecountriesseeitastheirresponsibility________theamountandkindofrisktheircitizensareexposedto.A.contr

olsB.controlledC.hascontrolledD.tocontrol28.Sincelivinginthecountryischeap________withthatinbigcities,mygrandpadecidedtospendthe

restofhislifeinthecountry.A.incombinationB.incomparisonC.incontactD.inconnectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillintheb

lankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword.Fortheotherbla

nks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Mydaughter(Astorytoldbyafather,afamousactor)MywifeandIonlyhadtheonechild.WehadAmy.Iseeherasmybest

friend.Ithinkshe’dalwayscometomefirstifshehadaproblem.Wehavethesamesenseofhumor,andshareinterests.(29)______Idon’tmindanima

ls,she’scompletelyfascinatedwiththem,andshehasalwayshaddogs,cats,horses,andgoldfishinherlife.Wewere(30)______(close)whenshewasaboutfour,whichIthinki

salovelyageforachild.Theyknowtheparentsbest,anddon’thaveoutsidecontacts.Shemusthavegrownupsuddenlywhenshewenttoschool,becauseIrem

emberhergrowingawayfromherfamilyslightly.Anyfatherwhohasateenagerdaughtercomesacrossanextraordinarycollectionofpeople,andthereseemedtobe

anendlessstreamofstrangeyoungmen(31)______(come)throughourhouse.BythetimeIlearnedtheirnamesthey(32)______(go)awayandIhadtostart

learninganewlot.Iwantedmorethananythingelseforhertobehappyin(33)______shewasdoing,andIwaspreparedtopu

llstringstohelpheronherway.WhensheleftagoodschoolshedecidedshewantedtobecomeanactresssoIgotherintodramaschool.Itwasn’ttoherliki

ngsoshejoinedatheatregroupandbegandoingbitsandpiecesinfilms.Shewasdoingwell,butthengaveitup.Sheprobablyfounditboring.Thenshetookupsocialwo

rk,andfinallywenttowork(34)______adesignerandhebecameherhusband.Andthat’sreallythestoryofherlife.Shemustbehappywithhim—they’realwaystogeth

er.Wehavesuchsimilartastesinbooksandmusic(35)______Iusedtotakehertoseeanopera,whichismybigpassion.However,Idon’tthinkshelikesitverym

uch.Shedoesn’tcomewithmeanymore.Idon’tthinkshe’sabigtelevisionwatcher.SheknowswhenI’monthetelevision,andshe(36)______watch,butIdon

’tknow.It’snotthekindofthingshetellsme.We’reverygratefulforAmy.She’sagooddaughterasdaughtersgo.We’relookingforwardtobeinggrandparents.SectionBDirect

ions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmoret

hanyouneed.A.behaviorB.challengingC.appearD.responsiveE.increasedF.shelteringG.commandH.evaluateI.bannedJ.similarK.fr

ustrationPerhapsyou’vehadtoputupwithamoody,uncooperativeteenager.Youmayhavebeenoneyourself.Anewstudysuggeststhatdogsgothrougha___37___phaseofstubbo

rnnessanddisobediencewhentheyhitpuberty(青春期)atabouteightmonthsold.Lookingatthebehaviorofatotalof378dogs,researchersfoundtha

ttheanimalsweremoreobedientandmore___38___oneithersideofthateight-monthperiod—butonlywhenitcametotheirowners,nottolessfamiliartrainers.Sonot

onlydodogs___39___tohaveadifficultpubertyjustlikewedo,theyalsosharethe___40___thatweoftenfeeltowardsourparentsorcaregiverswhenwehito

urteenageyears.Thatmeansalottolong-termpuppycareand___41___.“Thisisaveryimportanttimeinadog’slife,”saysanimal___42___researcherLucyAsher,f

romNewcastleUniversityintheUK.“Thisiswhendogsareoftenrehomedbecausetheyarenolongeracutelittlepuppyandsuddenly,th

eirownersfindtheyaremore___43___andtheycannolongercontrolthemortrainthem.”“Butaswithhumanteenagechildren,ownersneedtobeawarethattheirdogisgoingthroug

haphaseanditwillpass.”Inoneexperimentwith93Labradorretrievers,goldenretrieversandtheircrossbreeds,thedogsateightmonthsoldwerefo

undtotakelongerandbemorereluctanttorespondtoa‘sit’___44___givenbytheircaregiverthantheywerewhenjustfivemonthsold.Theeight-month-oldsdidn’t

showthesamestubbornnesswhenthecommandwasgivenbyastranger,though.Theresearchersfoundfurtherevidenceofthiseffectinsurveydatagath

eredon285Labradors,goldenretrievers,Germanshepherdsandtheircrossbreeds.Dogownersandtrainerslessfamiliarwiththedogswereask

edto___45___theanimals’‘trainability’byansweringquestionsonobedienceandhowquicklycommandswererespondedto.A

gain,thecaregiversrankedtheirdogsaslessobedientateightmonthsoldcomparedwithfivemonthsoldor12monthsold.Thetrainersreport

edthe___46___obediencebetweentheagesoffivemonthsandeightmonths.III.ReadingcomprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefol

lowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thesecrettoasuccessfulsequel(续集)—

asecretKeepingtheentirecastandcrewofafilmasecretishard.Butwhenit’samassivemovielikeFantasticBeasts:TheCrimeso

fGrindelwald,withsome700peopleand1,000costumes—including400coatsalone—it’snextto___47___.Allprecautionsaretaken:charac

tersaregivencodenames,thesmallestdetailsareprotectedbynondisclosureagreements,anddigitalscriptsareencodedand___48___aft

eracertainamountoftimeincaseofbeingcopiedandspread.It’snotquitemagic,butit’sclose.Thepressuretonotrevealanything—even___49___—isenou

ghtogiveEddieRedmayneadifficulttime.“I’vebeensentthisfunnydocumentwhichis___50___withdouble-caps,triple-underlinednotessaying,YOUCAN’TTALKABOUTTHIS,

”saystheOscarwinner,whoreturnsaswizardNewtScamanderinthesequel,whichcontinuesthestoryoftheearlier___51___.Doesheevertellanyone?Heleansinandadmits,ali

ttle___52___,thathedoes:hiswife,HannahBagshawe.Howhavetheysuccessfullykeptitasecret?ItcertainlyhelpsthatJ.K.Rowling,thewriterofthework,isthe___53

___ofkeepingsecrets.Shefamouslyclaimstohaveknowncrucialplotpointsfromherbest-sellingbookseries’endgameyearsinadva

nce.Also,JohnnyDepp’s___54___appearanceinthemovie—theactorhasbeenaccusedofdomesticviolencebyhisex-wifeAm

berHeard—asthedarkwizardGrindelwaldwaskeptunder___55___untiljusttwoweeksbeforethefirstfilmcameoutin2016.Bearingthiscommitmenttos

ecrecyinmind,it’snosurprisethatRowlinghas___56___thedetailstofewpeopleabouthowthe___57___threemoviesintheproposedfive-partserieswillpla

yout.EvenproducerTimLewis,whohasworkedoneightHarryPotterinstallments,is___58___.“Wehaven’tseenscriptsfort

henextone,”hesays.“IamassumingRowlingknowsthewholeplan,butIcouldn’tsay.”Theearningsarehighenough:thefirstFantasticBeastsmoviereached$814m

illion.That’sanumbermoststudioswould___59___,butwhenitcomestoHarryPotter,expectationsstartsky-high.Inaworldfilledwithuniversesbasedonexistingintel

lectualproperty—StarWars,Marvel—appreciationfatigueisalwayspossible.Butfornow,theextremeenthusiasmshowsnosigno

f___60___:HarryPotterandtheCursedChild,aplaybasedonanideabyRowling,isacriticalandcommercial___61___.FortheBeastssequel,analystsarea

lreadypredictinganopeningweekendof$65millionto$75million.47.A.uselessB.impossibleC.successfulD.critical48.A.recoveredB.releasedC.deletedD.split49.A.

incontrolB.byaccidentC.forreferenceD.incase50.A.coveredB.comparedC.armedD.furnished51.A.commercialB.adaptationC.imaginationD

.reputation52.A.sadlyB.proudlyC.angrilyD.shyly53.A.suspectB.counsellorC.masterD.pioneer54.A.awfulB.debatableC.welcome

dD.excellent55.A.protectionB.wrapsC.investigationD.discussion56.A.advertisedB.justifiedC.highlightedD.revealed57.

A.remainingB.enduringC.revealingD.threatening58.A.inthedarkB.intheclearC.ontheairD.onthescene59.A.sufferfromB.watch

forC.dreamaboutD.lookinto60.A.speedingupB.givingoffC.turningaroundD.dyingdown61.A.innovationB.smashC.promotionD.chanceSectionBDirections:Readthe

followingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemther

earefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyou

havejustread.(A)IwasinmythirdyearofteachingcreativewritingatRalphMcKeeVocationalSchoolwhenoneofmystudents,16-year-old

Mikey,gavemeanotefromhismother.Itexplainedhisabsencefromclassthedaybefore.IhadseenMikeywritingthenoteathisdesk,usinghislefthandtochangeh

ishandwriting.Isaidnothing.Studentshadbeenforging(伪造)excusenotessincetheylearnedtowrite,andifIweretoconfronteachforge

rI’dbebusy24hoursaday.IthrewMikey’snoteintoadeskdraweralongwithdozensofothernotes.Whilemystudentstookatest,IdecidedtoreadallthenotesI

’donlyglancedatbefore.Thewritingrangedfromimaginativetosenseless.Iwashavinganidea.Studentscomplainedandsaiditwash

ardputting200wordstogetheronanysubjectbutwhentheyforgedexcusenotes,theywerebrilliant.ThenotesIhadcouldbeturn

edintoacollectionofGreatAmericanExcuses.Iread:“Thestovecaughtfireandthewallpaperwentupandthefiredepartmentkeptusoutofth

ehouseallnight.”“Hissister’sdogatehishomeworkandIhopeitchokeshim.”Thewritersofthesenotesdidn’trealizethathonestexcusenoteswereusuallydul

l:“Peterwaslatebecausethealarmclockdidn’tgooff.”OnedayIdistributedtheexcusenotestomyclasses.“Mr.McCourt,whowrotethese?”ask

edoneboy.“Youdid,”Isaid.“Iomittednamestoprotecttheguilty.They’resupposedtobewrittenbyparents,butyouandIknowtherealauthors.Yes,M

ikey?”“Sowhatarewesupposedtodo?”“Thisisthefirstclasstostudytheartoftheexcusenoteandpracticewritingthem.Y

ou’resoluckytohaveateacherlikemewhohastakenyourbestwritingandturneditintoasubjectworthyofstudy.”EveryonesmiledasIwenton,“

Youdidn’tsettlefortheoldalarmclockstory.Youusedyourimaginations.Sotryitnow.Imagineyouhavea15-year-oldwhoneedsanexcusefo

rfallingbehindinEnglish.”Thestudentsproducedexcuses,rangingfroma16-wheelercrashingintoahousetoaseverecaseoffoodpoisoningblamedontheschoolcafe

teria.Theysaid,“More,more.Canwedomore?”SoIsaid,“I’dlikeyoutowrite—”AndIfinished,“‘AnExcuseNotefromAdamtoGod’or‘AnExcuseNotefromEvetoGod.’”Headswent

down.Pensracedacrosspaper.Beforelongthebellrang.ForthefirsttimeeverIsawstudentssoimmersedintheirwritingtheyhadtobeurgedtog

otolunchbytheirfriends.62.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardsstudents’forgingtheexcusenotesatthebeginningofthes

tory?A.FavorableB.UnconcernedC.NegativeD.Critical63.Bysaying“Iwashavinganidea”(Para.4),theauthorprobablymeansthat______.A.hedecidedtoreadallthee

xcusenotestothestudentsB.herealizedthatMikeywasgoodatwritingexcusenotesC.heunderstoodwhysomanystudentsforg

edexcusenotesD.hefoundthattheexcusenotescouldbeusedinwritingclass64.Theauthoraskedthestudenttopracticewritingexcuse

swiththeaimof______.A.punishingthemforwritinglunaticexcusenotesB.askingthemtoreflectonthestoryaboutAdamC.exercisingtheirimaginationincreative

writingD.tellingthemtowriteanexcusenoteskillfully(B)EnvironmentallyFriendlyDenmarkWhatAreTheyDoingandHowIsItHelp

ing?THEYPREFERTOCYCLEOnaverage,DaneslivinginCopenhagencyclealmost2milesaday.Danesarefarmorelikelytoownabikethan

theyareacar,infact40%ofDanesownacarand90%abike.Source:CyclingEmbassyofDenmarkTHEYDON’TWASTEFOODDanesareverygooda

tavoidingwastingfood.Supermarketsoffer80%reductionsattheendofthedaytotrytominimizewaste.Anappcalled“TooGoodToGo”alsoallo

wsrestaurantstogiveawayunwantedfoodatclosingtime.THEYAREAWAREDanesaremindfulaboutknowingwheretheirfoodhascomefrom.Itisnotuncommonfo

rchildrentobetakentowitnesskillinganddissectionsofanimalsatzoossotheyunderstandwherethefoodontheirplatebeganitslife.Source:NewYorke

rTHEYEATORGANICDaneseatmoreorganicfoodthananyothercountryintheworld.Thisisbecauseorganicfoodisnotsignificantlymoreexp

ensivethanotheroptions,makingitagoodchoiceforeveryone.Source:TheLocalTHEYUSECLEANENERGYBy2050,Denmarkwishestobecomeindependent

offossilfuels.Thisisfarfromunreachableasearlierthisyearthecountryranentirelyonwindenergyforawholeday.Source:TheDanishEcologicalCouncil65.Thear

ticleiswrittento_______.A.showthereadershowDenmarkstaysenvironmentally-friendlyB.persuadethereaderstoadoptDanes’environmental-protectionmethodsC

.entertainthereaderswithcreativeenvironmental-protectionmethodstakenbyDanesD.identifyorganizationsprovidinginformationabouttheenviron

mentally-friendlyDenmark66.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Demarkisabletofunctionproperlyforlongwi

thouttheuseoffossilfuels.B.Danishsupermarketsaretryingtoreduceitsamountoffoodtocutwaste.C.ManyDanestaketheirchildrentozoost

oshowthemwherefoodcomesfrom.D.Unlikeothercountries,organicfoodinDenmarkischeaperthannon-organicfood.(C)Inthemid-1980s,astu

dycomparedmtDNAfrompeoplearoundtheworld.ItfoundthatpeopleofAfricandescent(后裔)hadtwiceasmanygeneticdifferencesfromeachotherthanasdidoth

ers.Becausemutations(基因突变)seemtooccuratasteadyrateovertime,scientistswereabletoconcludethatmodernhumansmusthavelivedinAfricaatle

asttwiceaslongasanywhereelse.Theynowcalculatethatalllivinghumansdescendfromasinglewomanwholivedroughly150,000yearsagoin

Africa,“Eve”.Ifgeneticistsareright,allofhumanityislinkedtoEvethroughanunbrokenchainofmothers.ThisEvewassoonjoinedby“Y-Chromosome(染色体)Adam,

”thegeneticfatherofusall,alsofromAfrica.DNAstudieshaveconfirmedthatallthepeopleonEarth,withalltheirs

hapesandcolors,cantracetheirancestrytoancientAfricans.Whatseemscertainisthatataremarkablyrecentdate—p

robablybetween50,000and70,000yearsago—onesmallgroupofpeople,theancestorsofmodernhumansoutsideofAfrica,leftAfricaforwe

sternAsia,eitherbymigratingaroundthenorthernendoftheRedSeaoracrossitsnarrowsouthernopening.OnceinAsia,geneticevidencesugg

ests,thepopulationsplit.OnegroupstoppedtemporarilyintheMiddleEast,whiletheothercommencedajourneywhichwouldlasttensofthousandsofyears.Movi

ngalittlefurtherwitheachnewgeneration,theyfollowedthecoastaroundtheArabianPeninsula,India,andSoutheastAsia,allthewaytoAustrali

a.“Themovementwasprobablyunnoticeable,”saysSpencerWells.“Itwaslessofajourneyandprobablymorelikewalkingalittlefartherdownthebeachtogetaway

fromthecrowd.”Althougharcheologicalevidenceofthis13,000-kilometer(8,000-mile)migrationfromAfricatoAustraliahasalmostcompl

etelydisappeared,genetictracesofthegroupthatmadethetripdoexist.TheyhavebeenfoundintheDNAofnativepeoplesintheAndamanIslands

nearMyanmar,inMalaysia,andinPapuaNewGuinea,andintheDNAofnearlyallAustralianaborigines(土著).Moderndiscoveriesof45,000-year-oldbodiesinAustralia,

buriedatasitecalledLakeMungo,providesomephysicalevidenceforthetheoriesaswell.PeopleintherestofAsiaandEuropesharedifferentbutequa

llyancientmtDNAandmutations.Themutationswhichtheypossessshowthatmostaredescendantsofthegroupthatstayedi

ntheMiddleEastforthousandsofyearsbeforemovingon.Perhapsabout40,000yearsago,modernhumansfirstadvancedintoEurope.67.Whathappen

edtothefirstgroupofhumansthatmovedfromAfricaintoAsia?A.MostofthemigrantsturnedbackintoAfrica.B.Theyseparatedintotwogroups.C.Mostofthem

igrantsmoveddirectlyintoEurope.D.TheystayedintheMiddleEastfortensofthousandsofyears.68.Whichofthefollowin

giscitedasevidenceforthegreatmigrationtoAustralia?A.DiscoveryofhumanremainsinAustraliaB.DNAofpeopleinSoutheastAfricaC.DNAofimmigra

ntstoAustraliaD.DiscoveriesfrommodernsocietiesinAsia69.Thetitleforthisreadingcouldbe_______.A.FindingY-ChromosomeAdamB.Whowereth

eFirstHumans?C.TheDiscoveryofDNAinAfricaD.MigratingOutofAfrica(D)PessimismVS.ProgressFASTER,CHEAPER,BETTER—technologyisonefieldmanypeoplerelyontooffe

ravisionofabrighterfuture.Asthe2020sdawns,however,optimismisinshortsupply.Thenewtechnologiesthathave

dominatedthepastdecadeseemtobemakingthingsworse.Socialmediawassupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttoday,itisbetterknownforinvadingprivacy.

Parentsworrythatsmartphoneshaveturnedtheirchildrenintoscreen-addictedzombies.Thisdepressedmoodiscenteredonsmartphone

sandsocialmedia,whichtookoffadecadeago.However,concernshavearisenthatparticulartechnologiesmightbedoingmorehar

mthangood.The1920switnessaresistancetocars,whichhadearlierbeenseenasamiraculousanswertotheproblemofhorse-drawnvehicles.Inthe1970s,thede

pressionwaspromptedbyconcernsaboutenvironmentaldamageandtheprospectofnuclearaccidents.Ineachofthesehistoricalcases,disapp

ointmentarosefromamixofunrealizedhopesandunforeseenconsequences.Technologyproducestheforcesofcreativedestruction,whichreplacestheout

datedproductionunits,soitisnaturalthatitleadstoanxiety.Foranygiventechnology,itsdrawbackssometimesseemtooutwe

ighitsbenefits.Whenthishappenswithseveraltechnologiesatthesametime,asitdoestoday,theresultisawidersenseoftechno-pessimism.How

ever,thispessimismcanbeoverdone.Toooftenpeoplefocusonthedisadvantagesofanewtechnologywhiletakingitsben

efitsforgranted.Worriesaboutscreentimeshouldbeweighedagainsttheinstantaccesstoinformationandentertainmentthatsmartphonesm

akepossible.Effortstoavoidtheshort-termcostassociatedwithanewtechnologywillendupdenyingaccesstoitslong-termbenefits.Fearsthatrobotswillstealpeople’sj

obsmaypromotegovernmentstotaxthem,forexample,todiscouragetheiruse,butinthelongrun,countriesthatwishtomaintaintheirstandardoflivingastheir

workforceagesandshrinkswillneedmorerobots,notfewer.Thatpointstoanotherlesson:theremedyfortechnology-relatedproblemsveryofteninvolvesmoretechno

logy.Airbagsandotherimprovementsinsafetyfeatures,forexample,meanthatinAmerica,deathsincaraccidentsperbillionmilestravelledhavefallen

fromaround240inthe1920stoaround12today.Themostimportantlessonisabouttechnologyitself.Anypowerfultechnologycanbeusedforgoodori

ll.Biotechnology,forexample,canraisecropyieldsandcurediseases,butitcouldequallyleadtodeadlyweapons.Technologyitselfisneutral.Itisthec

hoicespeoplemakeaboutitthatshapetheworld.Willtechnologyleadtopessimismorprogress?Thequestionshouldbesettledbyabroaddebate,notbyasmallgroupoftech

nologists.70.Theword“prompted”inparagraph2probablymeans_______.A.causedB.preventedC.relievedD.removed71.Accordingtotheauthor,p

essimismovernewtechnologiesisoftenresultedfromthefactthat_______.A.technologicalinnovationshardlycauseunexpectedproblemsB.peopleassume

thefaultsofnewtechnologiestobenaturalC.newtechnologiestendtoemergewithuncertaintyaboutfutureD.newtechnologiescausemoredisadvantagesthanadv

antages72.Bywritingthisarticle,theauthormainlywantedtoarguethat_______.A.optimismovernewtechnologiesisinshortsupplyasthe2020comesB.pessimismov

erinnovations,ifnotoverdone,ishelpfulandevenessentialC.peopletendtocaremoreaboutinnovations’problemsthanabouttheirbenefitsD

.people’swisedecisionontheuseofnewtechnologiesreallymatters(E)CanYouTrustYourBrain?Yourbrainliestoyoualot.We’res

orrytohavetotellyouthisbutit’strue.Evenwhenyourbrainisdoingimportantanddifficultstuff,you’renotawareofmostofwhat

’sgoingon.Yourbraindoesn’tintendtolietoyou,ofcourse.Forthemostpart,it’sdoingagreatjob,workinghardtohelpyousurviveandachieveyourgoalsinacomplic

atedworld.Becauseyouoftenhavetoreactquicklytoemergenciesandopportunities,yourbrainusuallytriestogetasimpleanswerinahurryratherthan

aprefectanswerthattakestimetoworkout.Butastheworldisnotsimple,thismeansthatyourbrainhastotakeshortcutsa

ndmakealotofassumptions.______73______Theproblemstartwhenthebraintakesininformationfromtheworldthroughthesenses.Evenif

youaresittingquietlyinaroom,yourbrainreceivesfarmoreinformationthanitcanholdontoorthanyouneedtodecidehowtoact.Youmaybeawareofthedetailedpa

tternofcoloursintherug,thephotographsonthewallandthesoundsofbirdsoutside.______74______Usuallythesethingsaren’timportantsowedon’toftenn

oticehowmuchinformationwelose.Whenpeoplelookatcomplicatedpictures,theycanidentifydifferencesiftheimagesremainstill.Butiftheimagemovesquickly,thenthey

havealotmoretrouble.______75______Totestthis,psychologistshavetriedmoreinterestingwaysofgettingpeoplet

ofailtonoticethings.Inoneofourfavorites,aresearcherapproachessomeoneonthestreetandasksfordirections.Whilethepersonisreplying,workmencarryalargedoo

rbetweenthetwopeople,blockingtheirviewofeachother.Behindthecoverofthedoor,thepersonwhoaskedfordirection

sisreplacedbyanotherresearcherwhocarriesontheconversationasifnothinghadhappened.Evenwhenthesecondpersonl

ooksverydifferentfromthefirst,thepersongivingthedirectionshasonlyaboutafiftypercentchanceofnoticingthechange.______76______A.Your

brain’sliesareinyourbestinterest—mostofthetime—buttheyalsoleadtopredictablemistakes.B.Thisisbecauseweimaginethatweremembermoredetail

sthanwereallycan.C.Theexperimentsillustratethatyouperceiveonlyalittlebitofwhat’sgoingonintheworld.D.Yourbrainselectivelyprocessesdetai

lsthatareimportantforyoutonotice.E.Yourbrainperceivesmanyotheraspectsofthesceneinitiallybutquicklyforgetsthem.F.Thishappensbecauseourvisualmemoryisn’

tverygood.V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.7

7.如果你发烧了，请立即联系你的老师。（hesitation）78.警方声称，他们必定会采取行动，捉拿侥幸逃脱法律制裁的罪犯。（narrowly）79.据粗略估计，大多数尝试过节食的人都必定经历了很多困难。（estimate）80.无论是谁，只要他在疫情期间故

意隐瞒行程，都将成为众矢之的。（target）