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北京市朝阳区高三年级第二学期质量检测二英语(考试时间90分钟满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所

给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Mysonwasbornwithbreathingdifficulties,sohehadtostayinNICU,thehospitalun

itfornewbornsneedingintensivecare.Therehecouldonlybefedthroughatube.Ihatedthetube.ThelovelydreamsIhadofnursingmybabywe

reentirely___1___.Onthefifthday,I___2___aboutthetube,sayingthatIwantedtofeedhimwithabottle.Thedoctorsagreedtoletmetry.Myson’sfeedingswouldb

ecloselyrecordedtoseeifhewasabletoget___3___milkintakewithoutthetube.Aftereighteenhours,itwasdeterminedhecouldnotdothatandthetubewasb

ack.Thismeanthewasn’tgettingstronger.The___4___feltsodark.SeatedoutsidetheNICU,Istartedcrying.Justthen,ayoungnursecameandsatbesideme.When

Ihad___5___mysorrowalittle,shehandedmeatissueandaskedifIwantedtotalk.Iaskedagainifwecouldremovethetube.Thenursereplied,“Nottoday.Bu

tremember,tomorrowisanewday.”Sheseemedmuchyoungerthanme,butherwordswere___6___andhope-filled,andIheldontothem.Irememberedhera

dviceandrepeatedittomyselfmultipletimesaday.Thenursechangedmyperspectiveawayfromcurrent___7___toseethehopeoftomorrow.Gradually,thingsstartedto_

__8___.Ondayeight,mysondrankhalfofhismilkwithoutthetube.Ondayten,thedoctorsapprovedtakingoffthetube___9___.“Tomorrow”came.Itjustcameafewd

ayslaterthanexpected.Ondayfifteen,wewerereleasedfromthehospital,andmyson“graduated”fromtheNICU.WhatIlearnedfromthatnursewast

olookbeyondtodayandthesufferingofitandtoconsidertomorrowwith_____10_____.Afterall,tomorrowisanewday.1.A.controlledB.destroyedC.questionedD.recalled

2.A.protestedB.wonderedC.forgotD.warned3.A.maximumB.restrictedC.sufficientD.additional4.A.plotB.spotC.atmosphereD.situation5.A.sparedB.containedC.sh

aredD.exhibited6A.wiseB.plainC.familiarD.sharp7.A.mistakesB.dreamsC.challengesD.doubts8.A.goawayB.lookupC.makesenseD.fallapart9.A.frequen

tlyB.slightlyC.completelyD.occasionally10.A.intentionB.imaginationC.urgeD.faith第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空

。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AsavariantofAmericanfootball,flagfootballisatypeofsportinwhichaplayermu

stremoveaflagbeltfromtheballcarriertoendadown.Thefirstruleofthegameisthatcontact____11____playersisnotpermitted.Recently,i

t____12____(gain)greatpopularityinChinaamongyoungpeople.It’sengagingandridiculouslyfun.That’swhythepercentageofpeople____13

____(join)aflagfootballclubthroughonlinechannelshasrisentoanewhighlevel.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出

提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。OldConnections,atelecommunicationsmuseuminSeattle,withaworkingexchangefromthe1940

s,____14____(show)howtelephonesbroughtustogether,butalsotoreusapart.Perhapsitshouldnotbe____15____(surprise)

thattheInternethasbroughtwithitanewwaveofhorrificdestructiveness.Historyitselfisakindofradioprogramme,broadcasttousinfrequenciesthatbecomeh

ardertoreceiveasweforgettheoldways.Butaslongaswekeeptheancientexchangesrunning,wehaveawaytorememberandunderstand____16____wecomefrom.C阅读下

列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。WangDakang,aged88,isamodeloflifelonglearning.Int

he1980s,hewasthefirstperson____17____(accomplish)aroundtripofChinausingonlyabicycle.Toeditthisexperienceintohisboo

k,Wangdecidedtogotocollege.Attheageof61,he____18____(admit)intocollege,majoringinjournalism.By2012,hehadcompletedthreemajorsincollege.At

present,WanglivesinLeshan,wherehespendshisdaysfollowing.carefully____19____(plan)routines.Hisstudystartsat6ameverymorning,during____20____here

adsandtakesnotesfromnewspapers.Wangsaid,“ThereissomuchtolearnandIwillcontinuelearninguntiltheveryend.”第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2

分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AColumbiaEngineering’sSummerHighSchoolAcademicProgram

forEngineers(SHAPE)isaselectivepre-collegeprogramforhighschoolstudentsandrecentgraduates.SHAPEistailoredforstudentswit

hagiftforSTEM:science,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Each3-weeksessionofferscollege-level,project-basedcou

rsesinengineeringtaughtbycelebratedprofessorsattheuniversity.SHAPEgivesstudentsamorerealisticpictureofwhatitm

eanstobeanengineer,anditsprofessionaldevelopmentcomponentshelpstudentsdeveloptheskillstheyneedtogetthere.CoursesSHAPEfeaturescreativeproblem-solvi

ngcoursesandexposesstudentstoinnovativeengineeringtechniquesandknowledgepresentedbyprofessors.PleasenotethatSHAPEdoesnotpro

videcollegecredit.StudentsgainaccesstothefamousMakerSpaceandstate-of-the-artresearchlaboratoriesaftercompletin

gthesafetytrainingandwillonlydosoundercloseguidance.SHAPEalsoprovidesstudentswithworkshopstoexplorecareerfields,professionaldevelopment,andgu

idanceonsharpeningone’scollegeapplicationfromadmissionsofficers.Studentsintheprogramwillbevisitingco

mpaniesandorganizationsthatshowtheclassroomcontentinpractice.ApplicationStudentsareselectedbasedonthefollowin

gcriteria:1.Strongacademicrecord2.PersonalstatementtodemonstrateexcitementandinterestinSTEMthroughengagem

entinchallengingcourses,activities,projects,etc.3.Enthusiasticletterofrecommendationsubmittedbyamathorscienceteacher4.Creativeresponsestotworequ

iredquestionsandoneofthethreeoptionalquestionsWeencourageallstudentstoapplybytheprioritydeadlineofJun

e15,2023,sothereisnoapplicationfee.Aftertheprioritydeadline,a$50applicationfeeisrequired.SHAPEisdedicatedtosupporti

ngstudentsandtheirfamiliesinneedoffinancialassistance.Weofferalimitednumberofneed-basedscholarships,whichcoverthefullco

stofSHAPE.Tobeconsideredforaneed-basedscholarship,familieswillneedtoprovidearecentpayreceiptandcompleteaFamilyIncomeandExpens

eWorksheet.Email:shape@columbia.eduformoreinformation.21.WhatcanwelearnaboutSHAPE?A.ItsuitsstudentstalentedinSTEM.B.Itshowstheproce

dureoflearningSTEM.C.Itservesasthestartofstudents’collegelife.D.Itgivesstudentschancestoworkwithengineer

s.22.InSHAPE,studentscan.A.befreetoexploretheMakerSpaceB.earncollegecreditforfuturestudyC.putschoolknowledgeintopracticeD.beequippedwithskillsfor

engineering23.TosecureaplaceinSHAPE,studentsneedto.A.showtheirfamilyfinancialstateB.answerallthegivenquestionsC.payapplicationfeesbeforedeadlin

eD.provetheirlearningcapabilityBIlostmylegtocancerat30.Myfirsttripoutofthehouseasaone-leggedwomanwouldbetoseeasic

kfriendinhospitalwithmymom.AsImademywaythroughthehospital,Iwaspreparedforlooksofcuriosity,sympathy,andevenshock.Butoneth

ingshookmetoadepthIhadneverexperiencedbefore.Twokidswereplayinginthehallway.AsIpassedbyonmycrutches(拐杖),theylookedupatme,andsuddenly,thelittl

eboypointedatme.“Lookatthatlady!”Itseemedthathewasshoutingloudenoughfortheentirehospitaltohear.“Sheonlyhasoneleg!Doesn’tth

atlookfunny?”Bothofthekidsburstintolaughter.Headsturned,andIfeltthebloodrushtomyface.IputmyheaddownandrushedoutasfastasIdaredonmycr

utches.Iheldmytearsbackuntilthecardoorclosed.AsIfellintotheseats,Icried,“Howcouldtheythinkthisisfunny?”Mymomtriedherbesttocomfortme,“Honey,t

heyarejustkids.Theydon’tknowanybetter.”Theywerejustkids,butthatdidnotexcusetheirrudebehavior.Ifeltawaveofbelieffloodthroug

hme.IknewwhatIhadtodo.“Well,someonehastoteachthem!”Isaid.AndIknewthatsomeonewouldbeme.WhenIwaswellenough,Ist

artedtovisitelementaryschoolsandtalktochildrenaboutbeingdifferent.Iwasteachingchildrentoberespectfulofpeoplewhoaredifferent,andteachingthempeopl

ecomeinallshapes,colorsandsizesandweareeachspecialandunique.Speakingtochildrenwasjustthebeginningforme.Ibecameaninspirationalspeakeranda

uthorandlearnedthatbeinggratefulforalltheremainingpartsofmewastheonlywaytostartandendmyday.IsharedmystoryinmybookcalledIAmCh

oosingtoSmile.Ido,indeed,choosetosmile.Wakingupeverymorning,Ilookdownatmyonefootandsaywithallsincerity,“Goodmorning,fivetoes.I’mveryg

ladtoseeyou!”24.Whatshockedtheauthorinthehospital?A.Thecuriouslookaboyhad.B.Thewordsaboyshoutedout.C.Thega

metheboyswereplaying.D.Thesympathytheboysexpressed.25.Howdidtheexperienceinthehospitalchangetheauthor?A.Shefound

thepurposeofherlife.B.Shebegantorealizeherdifference.C.Sheunderstoodkids’characteristics.D.Shelearnedtheimportanceofrespect.26.Whichofthefollowingw

ordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Patient.B.Brave.C.Intelligent.D.Caring.CResearchersfromaU.K.plantresea

rchinstitutehavefoundawaytoprovideplantswithanantibody-baseddefenseforaspecificthreat,potentiallyspeedingthecreationofcropsresistanttoanykindofe

mergingvirus,orbacterium(细菌).Thestrategyistoinoculateaproteinfromtheplantpathogen(病原体)tobetargetedtoacamelorothercamelrelatives

,purifytheunusuallysmallantibodiesthecamelsproduce,andengineerthecorrespondinggenesectionforthemintoaplant’sownimmunegene.Farmersl

osemanybillionsofdollarstoplantdiseaseseachyear,andemergingpathogensposenewthreatstofoodsecurityinthedevelopingworld.Plan

tshaveevolvedtheirownimmunesystem,kick-startedbycellreceptorsthatrecognizegeneralpathogenfeatures,suchasab

acterialcellwall,aswellasintracellularreceptorsformolecules(分子)producedbyspecificpathogens.Ifaplantcelldetectsthesemolecules,itmaytrigge

ritsowndeathtosavetherestoftheplant.Butplantpathogensoftenevolveandescapefromthosereceptors.Along-standingdreaminplantbiotechnologyistocreatedesigner

diseaseresistancegenesthatcouldbeproducedasfastaspathogensemerge.Oneapproachistoeditthegeneforaplantimmunereceptor,changingthep

rotein’sshapetorecognizeaparticularpathogenicmolecule.Instead,SophienKamoun,amolecularbiologistattheSainsburyLaboratory,andhiscolleaguesuse

dananimalimmunesystemtohelpmakethereceptoradjustments.Duringaninfectionwithanewpathogen,animalsproducebillio

nsofslightlydifferentantibodies,ultimatelyselectingandmass-producingthosethatbesttargetthevirus.Camelids,whichincludecamel

s,areworkhorsesforantibodydesignbecausetheirimmunesystemscreateunusuallysmallversions,callednano-bodies.Asaproofofprincipleofth

enewplantdefensestrategy,Kamoun’sgroupturnedtotwostandardcamelidnano-bodiesthatrecognizetwodifferentmolecules,includingonecalledgreenf

luorescentprotein(GFP),todetecttestviruses,inthiscaseapotatovirus,engineeredtomakethefluorescentproteins.Theyi

nvestigatedhowwellplantswiththenano-body-enhancedreceptorsdetectedthechangedpotatoviruses.Itwasfoundthatth

eplantsincreasedanactiveimmuneresponseandexperiencedalmostnoviralreproduction.“Theexcitingpartaboutthistechnologyisthatwehave

thepotentialofmade-to-orderresistancegenesandkeepingupwithapathogen,”Kamounsays.“Thistechnologyisapotentialgamechan

ger,”saysJeffDangl,aplantresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.KseniaKrasileva,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berk

eley,saysthemixtureofnano-bodieswithplantimmunereceptorsopensupavastbodyofbiomedicalknowledgeforplantscient

ists.“Wecannowdigintoallofthatresearchandtranslateittosavecrops.”27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inoculate”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Compare.B.Resto

re.C.Introduce.D.Label.28.WhatisthemainpurposeofParagraph2?A.Toillustratethefunctionofcellsinsavingtheplant.B.Toexp

lainhowtostrengthenplantreceptorseffectively.C.Todemonstratethesolutionstofarmers’annualheavylosses.D.Torevealwhyplantsfailtohandl

econstantly-updateddiseases.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Editingplantreceptorsistomatchtheshapeofpathoge

ns.B.Nano-bodiescanhelpplantscatchupwithpathogenchanges.C.Plantsselectthebestantibodiesfromanimalstofightviruses.D.Plantswithnano-

bodiesrespondactivelyinmassiveviruscopying.30.Accordingtothepassage,scientistswill.A.applytheoutcome

intherealworldB.provethefindingsofresistancegenesC.identifysimilarmeanstofightdiseasesD.seekmoresupportforthenewstrategyDSuperhumanartif

icialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengesl

ikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamyste

riousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofou

rown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeff

ectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgive

nustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferanother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,this

capacitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,if

someoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundkno

wledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’s

ownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmin

d.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowabouts

implybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.YetwemightstillwantAItohavea

morehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplaintheirgoalsanddesirestoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIform

thetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemay

becrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmoretha

njustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whethe

rwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.31.A

ccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A.Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfordinnerandyoureply“asorethroat”.B.Wh

enateacherasksforaboy’shomeworkandheanswers“mydogateit”.C.Whenamomtellsherkidsomefoodisgoodforhealthandthekideatsit.DWhenkidsseet

heirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder..32.Theauthorbelievesthat.A.humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfectB.h

umanslimitAI’stheoryofmindtoanextentC.weshouldrejecthuman-likeformsofabilitiesforAID.sharedformsoftheoryofmindresultinmorepowerfulAI33.Asfo

rAIs,whatdoestheauthorvaluemost?A.Reliability.B.Practicability.C.Reasoningcapability.D.Communicationa

bility.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpectedB.AIwithTheoryofMindWillR

eshapeOurFutureC.AI’sTheoryofMindIsaBlessingorSufferingtoHumansD.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI第二节(共5小题;每小

题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inourmodernworldthereareendlessalternatives.Haveyoueverfoundyourselfwonderingw

hetheryoushouldquitorstayinyourjob,acceptanofferorgiveitupforanother?Thereisasimpleandpracticalmethodthatsolvesthisproblem.____35

____Whenyouunderstandtheconcept,youhavethepowertomeasureeveryalternativewithprecisionandmaketherightdecision.Inthefieldofeconomics,opportunit

ycostisthevaluethatyouhavetogiveupwhenyouchooseanoptionoveranothergoodoption.____36____Everytimeyouchoosesomething,yougiveu

potheralternativestogetherwiththeirfinancialbenefits.Itisnotalltheotheroptions,butthemostvaluedonethatisdefinedastheopportunitycost._

___37____Takethesimpleexampleoftryingtodecidewhethertotakepublictransportationfor80minutesortodrivefor40minutes.Youmightsaveonth

ecostofgaswhileridingthebusbutdoublethetriplengthandmissoutonotherthingsyoucouldhavedoneduringthattime.____38____Thisishowyoucreatepr

ioritiesinyourdailylife.Thoughusefulindecisionmaking,thebiggestdrawbackofopportunitycostisthatit’softenrelatedtowhat’shardtoquantif

y.____39____Afterall,puttinganumbertoyourpeacefulmindorhappinesscanbedifficult.Opportunitycostisn’tcutanddried.Itvariesfrompersontope

rson.Attheendoftheday,youareinchargeof,whatyouownandwhatyouwanttogain.A.Itisaboutfindingouttheopportunitycost.B.Weighthelossesandgainsandmak

eyourdecision.C.Opportunitycostmattersnotonlyineconomicsbutalsoinreallife.D.Thisisespeciallytruewhentheoppo

rtunitycostisofnon-financialbenefit.E.Thekeyprincipleunderlyingtheideaisthatthereisnosuchthingasfreelunch.F.Mostpeopleoverlookopportunit

ycostbecausethebenefitsareusuallyhiddenfromview.G.Itisthedevelopmentofimportantskillsthatwouldhelpyoumoveforwardinyourdailylife.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分

)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Theterm“nostalgia”wasfirstcoinedin1688andwasd

efinedasamentalillnessofsoldierscontinuallythinkingabouttheirhomelandandlongingforreturn.However,todaywehaveamuchm

orepositiveattitudetonostalgia.It’sagreatexampleofthebenefitsofastrongmemory.Innumerousscientificexperiments,researchershavefoundthatsubjectsaremuch

morelikelytoreportpositivefeelingsfromagivenpieceofmusicifthey’vehearditbefore.Butthere’salsoagrowingbody

ofresearchintotimetravel“theotherway”,becausememoryskillscantakepeopleintothefuture,too.Decadesofstudieshaveshownthattimetravelintothefuture

canbringawholenewsetofrewards.Forexample,athleteswhopracticebymentallyvisualizingandimaginingsuccessfulperformancesinthefuturedoper

formbetter.AllthesefindingsareinspiringandattractiveHowcouldyoubecomeaconfidenttimetravelertothepastorinto

thefuture?Herearesometipsforyou:·Totakepleasureinhelpfulmemories,maybetoreawakenhappyfeelings,useallyoursenses—notjustsight.Smell,taste,touchandsound

willalsohelpyoutorecreatethepastinrichclarity.·Ifyoufindamemorythat’sparticularlyhelpful—forreassuranc

e,say—keepusingit!You’llgetfasteratfindingit,andaddextralayersofdetaileachtime.·Whenyou’reprocrastinating(拖延),visualizeanen

dresult.Flashforwardtoseethefloorsweptortheessayfinished,andusethatpositiveimagetodriveyouintoaction.·Aheadofmajorchallenges,imagineth

efullimpactofsuccess.Don’tjustpictureyourselfgettingthatgreatjob:fillyourmindwiththereallybigwaysit’sgoingtochangeyourlife.There’llstillbeti

meswhenoldthoughtsremindyouofsadness,oryou’reanxiousaboutwhat’snext.Butthe,.moreyoulearntocontrolyou

rmemory,thebetteryou’llbeatminingyourpast,andshapingyourfuture,tobeyourbestselfnow.40.Whatdidnostalgiaoriginallymean?__________

_________________________________41.Whathavetheresearchersfoundabouttimetravel?_________________________________

__________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.➢Memoryskillscanbringusintothefuture,sowe

shouldimagineanegativeendresulttodriveusintoactionwhenprocrastinating._______________________________________

____43.Describeoneofthehelpfultime-travelexperiencesinyourlife.(Inabout40words)____________________________________

_______第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你最近读完了外教Jim推荐的一本英文书，请你用英文给Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表达感谢并分享读书收获;2.交流后续英文书阅读计划。注意：

1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,___________________________________________________________________________________

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