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2021学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwos

peakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversati

onandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhavehea

rd.1.A.Theirjobsinthefuture.B.Theirmajorsatuniversity.C.Theiradaptationtohighschool.D.Theirwork-studyplansthisterm.2.A.$50.B.$6

0.C.$90.D.$180.3.A.Heusedtobeaquiterichperson.B.HehasalreadybeentoNewZealand.C.Hedoesn’tbelievethat$400isenough.D.Hethinksthatthetripisquiteexpe

nsive.4.A.Pointless.B.Informative.C.Amusing.D.Out-of-date.5.A.Thewomanwillarriveasplanned.B.Hecannotaffordthelec

ture.C.Thewomanisleadingthewrongway.D.Heneedstoaskfordirections.6.A.Itcouldbetakenbymistake.B.Itisquitecheap-looking.C.Itmightnotbeofgoodqu

ality.D.Itdoesnotlookidealinsize.7.A.Theman’sroommateistooquiet.B.Themanisupsetwithhisroommate.C.Thewomanfeelscomfortablewit

htheman.D.Thewomanhasbeentheman’sfriendforlong.8.A.Sheknowsahelpfulyoungman.B.ShehasneverlivedinLondonbefor

e.C.Shedoesnotlikethetopicatthetime.D.SheremembersvaguelyaboutLondon.9.A.Bothofthespeakersenjoyedthefilm.B.Thewomanwasinterest

edinexploringjungles.C.Anexcitingfilmwillbeonnextweek.D.Themanforgotseeingamoviewiththewoman.10.A.Shedidn’texpecttogetful

lmarks.B.Sheneedstofindanewpart-timejob.C.Themanmusthavedonewellintheexam.D.Themandidn’ttellheranythingabouthisjob.SectionBDirections:InSection

B,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbe

readtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourp

aperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11

.A.Ananalysisofprotein.B.Ahealthdrink.C.Awaytobuildmuscle.D.Ameansoflosingweight.12.A.Theyhelpbuildupappetite.B.Theyoffermixedprotei

ns.C.Theyhelprelieveexhaustion.D.Theyreduceourneedforenergy.13.A.Makinghome-madeproteinshakes.B.Eatingprotein-richwholefoods.C.Stayin

gawayfromready-madedrinks.D.Usingplant-basedproteinpowder.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Itfli

es14,000kilometresoneway.B.Itswormsliveonoranges.C.Itsmigrationpathvarieseachtime.D.Itmakesanannualmigration.15.A.Itisindangerofextinction.B.Itis

losingsenseofdirection.C.Humansarekillingitonpurpose.D.Globalwarmingstopsitsmigration.16.A.Byrecording

itsnumber.B.Bychangingitsdiet.C.Byprovidingenoughfood.D.Bybreedingartificially.Questions17through20arebased

onthefollowingconversation.17.A.Heisaresponsibletourist.B.HeisaWechatcritic.C.Heisanamateurphotographer.D.Heisahiking

instructor.18.A.Theyarefloodedbywaterfalls.B.Theyarebannedfromsocialmedia.C.Theyarebeingruinedbycareles

svisitors.D.Theyareoverflowingwithwildflowers.19.A.Theyreadalotofarticlesaboutgeotags.B.Theypostlettersf

orhelponsocialmedia.C.Theyaskgeographerstorecognizetheplaces.D.Theytracegeographicalinformationofthepictures.20.A.Travelalonewithoutt

akinganypictures.B.Signupforacourseonhowtotakepictures.C.PostallherpicturesonWechatforcompliments.D.Sharepictureswithou

texactlocationinformation.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblanks

tomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperfor

mofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FamilyhistoryDuringthelate19thcentury,inwhatisnowSlovakia,anewspap

ereditorandnovelistnamedAntonBielekworkedtopreservetheSlovaklanguageandcultureatatime(21)______Hungarywasinpowerandtryingtoimposeitslanguageonthe

region.HismarriagetoAgnes,aHungariannoblewoman,wasthushighlydebatable.WhenBielekwaseventuallyimprisonedforhiswork,Agnes’familytookherin,a

ndshegavebirthtotheirdaughterAnna.Annagrewup,movedtoAmerica,andbecamemygreat-grandmother.Iknowthestoryabovebecausemyunclespentasignificanta

mountoftime(22)______(investigate)ourfamilyhistory.Studyingone’sfamilyhistoryhelpsusconnectthebighistoricaleventswiththeactualpeoplebehi

ndthem.Itcanalsogiveusadeepersenseofwhoweareandwherewecamefrom.Ifyouwanttoinvestigateyourfamilyhistory,it’seasiesttostartwith(23)______youknow.Try

makingafamilytreethatlistsyourparents,grandparents,uncles,auntsandcousins.Ifyoudon’tknowthenamesofcertainpeople,you(24)______beabletoaskolderre

latives,therebyinvolvingtheminyourresearch.Afteryou’vegonebackasfarasyourlivingrelativescanremember,tracingyourfamilyhistorygets(25)____

__(hard).Dependingonwhereyoucomefrom,theremayormaynotbedocumentswith(26)______(record)names,birthdates,ect.Inso

meplaces,however,records(27)______thesemightbeavailableonline.Onechallengemyunclefacedwhenstudyingourf

amilyhistorywasidentifyingoneancestorwhohadchangedhisnameaftermovingtotheUnitedStates.Myunclewasrequired(28)______(ma

ke)severalinferencesinordertofigureouthisoriginalname.HealsoneededtoknowthatthefirstnameChaimfrequently(29)______

(translate)intoEnglishasHarry.Difficult(30)______researchingyourfamilyhistorymaybe,itisworthwhilepursuitifyouw

antabetterunderstandingofwhereyoucomefrom.Youmayevenfindsomeexcitingstoriesaboutthingsyourancestorswerei

nvolvedwithandexperienced.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonc

e.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.aggressivenessB.crewedC.droppedD.hatredE.indicationF.inevitablyG.pre

viouslyH.realisticI.sponsoredJ.stretchedK.stuckArecord-breakingcaverIn1988,VéroniqueLeGuensetaworldrecordforthemosttimespentaloneinanu

ndergroundcavebyawoman.For111days,LeGuenwentwithoutclocksoranyinformationfromtheoutsideworldandlivedinacold,dampcave80metresbelowgroundatValat-N

egreinsouthernFrance.Atthisdepth,noteventhetemperatureofthecave—aconstant,damp9°C—couldgiveherany31whetheritwasdayornight,makingitver

ydifficultforhertoknowwhentosleep.Devices32toherskinontheheadduringtheexperimentrevealedthatLeGuen’ssenseoftimeq

uicklyfailed.Ononeoccasionshesleptfor18hours,butwhenshewokeup,shethoughtthatshehad33offforonlyacoupleofminutes.Inthecave,shereadaround80boo

ks,tookthousandsofbloodsamplesanddevelopedatemporary34oftheexperiment’sleader,MichelSiffre.Themanhimselfhad35spent205daysinacavei

nTexasin1972.“Ifeelawaveofenormous36thatdominatesmyspirits,”LeGuenwroteinherdiary.“Oneaftertheother,Ilookateachoftheinstrumentsofmysuffering.Acr

azydesireovercomesmetosmashanddestroyeverything.”Theexperimentwassetuptoseehowhumanstolerate,ornot,statesofextremeisolationandsensoryde

ficiency.Thesearecircumstancespeoplewillalmostcertainlyfaceuptoinanyserious37explorationofthesolarsystem.TravellingtoMars,forexample,wouldtakearou

ndsevenmonths,soaroundtripplustimespentontheplanetcould38involveabout18monthsofextremeisolation.NASAwasinterestedearlyonintheprojectand39Si

ffre’sTexasjourney.Siffre’slastmajorcaveexperimentendedin2000,afterhespent75daysaloneintheClamousecaveinsouthernFrance.Nowadays,theIntern

ationalSpaceStationprovidesamore40testbedforthetypeofisolationfutureastronautsmayhavetocompetewith.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirection

s:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Therearen’tenou

ghresourcestoidentifyandcurethefactorsthatarecausingpopulationsofanimalsaroundtheworldtodecline.Artificialintelligencemight

havethepowertochangethat.Whenanendangeredseabirdhitsapowerline,it41“verymuchlikethelasernoisefromStarWars,”sayspreservationbiologistMarcTravers.He

shouldknow,ashisteamfromtheEndangeredSeabirdRecoveryProjectrecordedthousandsofhoursofaudiotodetermineifpowerlines42localseabirds.Traverswastryingt

oestablishhow43birdsarekilledbypowerlinesontheislandofKauaiinHawaiiin2011.Histeamrecorded600hoursofa

udioandsenttherecordingstoPreservationMetrics,acompanythatassistspreservationeffortswithAI44.PreservationM

etricsusedaprogramto“listen”totherecordingsandcheckoffthesoundsthatsignifiedbirdelectrocutions(电击).Theresultwas45,asthenumberofbirdelectrocutions

wasinthethousands.46proofthatpowerlineswerekillingasignificantnumberofbirds,theteamworkedwiththelocalutility(公共设施)servicetoreducebirddeaths.In

sciencefictionstoriessuchasTheMatrix,AI-poweredmachinestakeovertheworldandendlifeontheplanetasweknowit.B

ut47,programsthatuseAItosortthroughmountainsofdatamightjustsavesomespeciesfromdisappearingpermanently.Byman

y48,humanshavebeenpoorkeepersoftheplanet.Humanshavealteredasmuchas97percentoflandecosystems.Keypopulationsofmoni

toredanimalshavedeclinedasmuchas68percentsince1970.Thedeclinein49aroundtheworldhascreatedamiserablesituation.Preservationefforts50keyreso

urcestheyneedtobeeffective.Humans,51,fortunatelyhaveAI-basedtoolsthatcanhelpnow.AIcanquicklyandaccuratelysortthr

oughlargeamountsofdatacreatedbyobservationsinthefield.ThenotherprogramssuchasPAWS(ProtectionAssistantforWildlifeSecurity)canhelpa

nalysethedataandsuggestthemosteffectivewaystofocuspreservationefforts.Inlargenationalparksandwildlifereserves,52huntersareadangerfora

nimalsbothbigandsmall.Someanimalsareworthalotofmoneyontheblackmarket.Parkkeepersareleftwitha(n)53taskbec

ausethereistoomuchlandtocover.ButthePAWSprogrammeallowsparkkeeperstofocustheirefforts.PAWShaseven54theexistenceoftrapli

nesinareasnotyetwatchedbyparkkeepers!Westillfacemanychallengesto55thelossofwildlife,butAI-poweredprogramspromisetobeap

owerfulpreservationtool.41.A.makesasoundB.catchesfireC.keepsthedistanceD.takeschances42.A.affectedB.pre

servedC.recordedD.attracted43.A.unlawfullyB.instantlyC.frequentlyD.deliberately44.A.fictionB.significanceC.fa

ctorsD.resources45.A.deceivingB.doubtfulC.desirableD.disturbing46.A.EngagedinB.QualifiedforC.ArmedwithD.Exposedt

o47.A.inadditionB.inrealityC.inreturnD.infact48.A.measuresB.programsC.servicesD.species49.A.biodiversityB.productionC

.populationD.economy50.A.distributeB.poolC.lackD.exploit51.A.meanwhileB.howeverC.otherwiseD.besides52.A.big-gameB.professio

nalC.localD.illegal53.A.impossibleB.dangerousC.urgentD.thankless54.A.disprovedB.explainedC.predictedD.ignored55.A.estimateB.reverseC.experienceD.s

ustainSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreac

hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread

.(A)ConsumerexpertSueHayward’ssensiblefinancetipsandadviceMoneyTalkSue’sGuideToBookingYourSummerHoliday3WAYSTOSAVE◆HungryHorsepubs

haveGoldenYearsmenusfortheover-60swithtwocoursesfor£4.70.Portionsmaybeslightlysmallerthanstandardmains.ThedealisavailableStart

edplanningthisyear’sgetaway?ThecollapseofholidaygiantThomasCookshowshowbookingwithbigcompaniesisnoguaranteeyourtripwillgo

toplan.Herearethebestwaystoprotectyourholidayandyourcash.◆Packageprotection:Packageholidaysofferbetterprotectionthanbookingallthe

bitsofyourtripinsurance,alongwithanyotherexpenses,likeanextranightinahotel.Ifyoudon’thavetravelinsurance,youcanclaimarefu

ndthroughyourcreditcardcompany,ifyoupaidthisway.◆Cruisesandcoachtrips:Forcruise,coachorrail-basedholidays,lookforABTA

protectionwhichseparately.Thisneedn’tmeanbuyinganoff-the-pegpackage.Bookaflightwithanyotherpartofyourtrip,likeahotelorcarhire,atthesametimeanditcount

sasapackage.WithpackagesyougetATOLprotection.Thistravelindustryschememeansyourmoneybackifyourairlineorholidaycompanygooutofbusin

ess.CompaniesofferingATOLprotectionshouldhavedetailsontheirwebsite,butcheckontheCivilAviationAuthorityw

ebsite.www.caa.co.uk/atol-protection◆Flightdetails:There’snoautomaticATOLprotectiononflight-onlydeals.Butifyourairl

inegoesoutofbusinessyoucanusuallyclaimbackthecostonyourtravelcoversUKtouroperatorsandtravelagents.Be

forebookinglookfortheABTAlogoandmembershipnumber,anddoublecheckthisontheABTAwebsite.www.abta.comMon-Fri.hungryhorse.co.uk◆Wanttostartanewhob

by?Golfcansoundlikeanexpensiveonebutnoneedtopayforstylishclubs.Council-runcoursescancostfromjust£10atimefortwo.◆Borrow,don’tbuyify

ouonlyneedgadgetsortoolsoccasionally.Pickupacarpetcleaner,wheelbarroworshredderfromaLibraryofThingscommunityschemeinplacesincludingOxford,Edinburg

handPlymouth.From£1!libraryofthings.co.ukSUE’STIPS:◆Buytravelinsurancewhenbookingyourholiday.Itmeanscancellationcoverifyouorafam

ilymemberisseriouslyill.◆Shoparoundfortravelinsurance,though,asyoudon’thavetobuyitfromyourholidaycompany.◆Useyourcreditcardforextraprotection.I

fyoupayforanythingover£100onit,youcanaskyourcardcompanyforarefundifthingsgowrong.56.By“anoff-the-pegpackage”,theauthor

mostprobablyreferstoapackage______.A.notincludinginsuranceB.thatisready-madeC.thatcanbesoldseparatelyD.tailoredforagroup57.FromSue’s

guide,wecanlearnthat______.A.itissafertobookwithbigholidaycompaniesB.packagetravellerscanenjoyATOLprotectionC.ABTAprotectioncoverstravelagents

mainlyinEuropeD.itischeapertobuytravelinsurancefromatravelagency58.AcoupleintheirseventieslivinginLondon,UKcan______.A.rentacarpe

tcleanerfromaLibraryofThingsforfreeB.getarefundof£99.99ontheircreditcardforabrokencouchC.enjoyaSundaydinneratHungryHorsepubsforlesst

han£5eachD.choosetoplaygolfincouncil-runcoursescostingfrom£10eachtime59.Whichofthefollowingbestadvertisesthecolumn?A.Holidayin,mon

eyout.B.Tipsandtrips.C.SavewithSue,livetothefull.D.Talktillyoubook.(B)In2001,artistMichaelLandydestroyedallhispossessionsinaworkhecalledBr

eakDown.Theexhibition,whichwasheldinanemptydepartmentstoreincentralLondon,cost£100,000toputonandlastedfortwoweeks.Landyhadspentthreey

earscataloguingthe7,226separateitems.Morethan45,000peoplecametowatchhimandhistenhelpersdestroyeverythinghe’de

verowned,rightdowntohislastsock,hispassportandevenhisbelovedSaab(萨博车).ManyofthosewhocametotheexhibitionapplaudedandencouragedLandyinhistwoweekso

fdestruction,buthismotherwasn’toneofthem.“Ihadtothrowmymumout,”saidLandy.“ShestartedcryingandIcouldn’thandlethoseemotions.Shehadtogo.”Manyotherpe

oplewereequallyupset,especiallythoseintheartworldthoughtitwasunacceptabletodestroyfamousartists’work.Landyd

estroyedpiecesofartgiventohimbypeoplesuchasTraceyEminandDamienHirst.ButonthatpointLandysaidhefeltnoguilt.Afterall,he

haddestroyedallhisownwork—acollectionthatcovered15years.LandysaidthatBreakDownwasanexaminationofconsumerism—otherssaiditwasaca

seofmadness.Infact,aministerandadoctorbelievedhewasmentallyillandofferedhimcounselling.However,Landy’sdescriptionof

hisstateofmindatthattimewasverydifferent.“WhenIfinished,Ididfeelanincrediblesenseoffreedom,”hesaid,“thepossibilitythatIcoulddoanything.Bu

tthefreedomisgraduallydestroyedbytheeverydayconcernsoflife.LifewasmuchsimplerwhenIwasonmyplatform.”Theartworldeagerlyawaitedthedestroy

edremainsofhispossessions.Indeed,Landywassupposedtogivethesacksofsmashedmetal,plasticandpapertothepeoplewhohadgiv

enhimfinancialbackingfortheproject,andeachsackwouldhavebeenworth£4,000.Buthehadachangeofheartatthelastminuteandendedupburyingitall.Aftert

heexhibition,offersfromgalleriesallroundtheworldpouredin.HewasevenaskedtorepeatBreakDowninaBraziliangall

ery.However,asLandypointsout,BreakDownwasaone-off.60.Whendestroyingallhispossessions,Landy______.A.wenttotallymadB.didnotfeelregre

tfulC.wasdesperatelyupsetD.wasverymuchworried61.LandydestroyedallhispossessionsinBreakDowninorderto______.A.showoffhisenormousfortuneB.brea

kfreeofhismum’scontrolC.expresshisenvyforotherartistsD.provehiswillpowertolivesimply62.WhatcanbelearnedfromthepassageaboutLandy?A.Hem

erelysmashedhisownartworks.B.Hesufferedamajorfailureinhiscareer.C.HewoulddoBreakDownagainsomeotherti

me.D.Hehadthoughtaboutsellingthesacksofremains.(C)The“readingwars,”oneofthemostconfusinganddisablingconflictsinthehistoryofeducatio

n,wentonheatedlyinthe1980sandthenpeacecame.Advocatesofphonics(learningbybeingtaughtthesoundofeachlettergroup)seemedtodefeatadvocatesofwholelang

uage(learningbyusingcueslikecontextandbeingexposedtomuchgoodliterature).Recenteventssuggesttheconflictofcomplicatedconceptsisfarfromover.T

eachers,parentsandexpertsappeartoagreethatphonicsiscrucial,butwhatisgoingoninclassroomsisnotinagreementwithwhatresearchstudiessa

yisrequired,whichhasarousedanationaldebateoverthemeaningoftheword“phonics.”LucyM.Calkins,aprofessoratColumbiaUni

versity’sTeachersCollegeandamuch-respectedexpertonhowtoteachreading,hasdrawnattentionwithaneight-pageessay.Hereispa

rtofherargument:“Theimportantthingistoteachkidsthattheyneedn’tfreezewhentheycometoahardword,norskippastit.Theimport

antthingistoteachthemthattheyhaveresourcestodrawupon,andtousethoseresourcestodevelopendurance.”ToCalkins’scritics,itiscrueland

wastefultoencourage6-year-oldstolookforcluesiftheydon’timmediatelyknowthecorrectsounds.Theyshouldworkondecoding—knowingthepr

onunciationofeverylettergroup—untiltheymasterit,saythecritics,backedbymuchresearch.Calkins’sapproach“isaslow,unreliablewaytoreadwordsandanineffici

entwaytodevelopwordrecognitionskill,”MarkS.Seidenberg,apsychologistattheUniversityofWisconsin,saidinablogpost.“Dr.Calkinstreatswordrecog

nitionasareasoningproblem—likesolvingapuzzle.Sheiscommittedtotheeducationalprinciplethatchildrenlearnbestbydiscoveringhowsystemsworkratherthanbeingto

ld.”Manyotherssharehisview.“Childrenshouldlearntodecode—i.e.,gofromprintonthepagetowordsinthemind—notbycleverguessworkandinference,butbyle

arningtodecode,”DanielWillingham,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,toldme.HesaidtheinferencesCalkinsapplaudsare“cognitively(认知地)demanding,and

readersdon’thavemuchenduranceforit.…Itdisturbstheflowofwhatyou’rereading,anddoingalotofitgetsfrustrating.”Yetarecentsurvey

foundthatonly22percentof670early-readingteachersareusingtheapproachofphonicsandwhattheymeanbyphonicsisoftennomorethanmarkingupa

worksheet.Bothsidesagreethatchildrenneedtoacquirethevocabularyandbackgroundinformationthatgivesmeaningtowords.Butfirs

t,theyhavetopronouncethemcorrectlytoconnectthewordstheyhavelearnedtospeak.Calkinssaidinheressay:“Muchofwhatthephonicspeoplearesayingispra

iseworthy,”butitwouldbeamistaketoteachphonics“attheexpenseofreadingandwriting.”Thetwosidesappeartoagr

eewithheronthat.63.Criticsofphonicsholdtheopinionthat______.A.childrenshouldbetaughttousecontextB.teachingphonicsisbo

thboringanduselessC.kidsacquirevocabularyinhearinglettergroupsD.pronunciationhasnothingtodowithmeani

ngofwords64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisMarkS.Seidenbergmostlikelytoagreewith?A.TellmeandIwillforget;showmeandIw

illremember.B.Skilledreadingisfastandautomaticbutnotdeliberative.C.Wordrecognitionskillshouldbedevelopedin

problemreasoning.D.Learningtomakereasonableinferencesisalsoawayofdecoding.65.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassageth

at______.A.phonicsapproachhasbeenprovedtobesuccessfulB.childrendon’tshyawayfromdifficultiesinreadingC.thetworeadingapproachesmightintegratew

itheachotherD.readingandwritingaremuchmoreimportantthanphonics66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Aneverlastingrea

dingwaramongcriticsB.FromprintonthepagetowordsinthemindC.Abattlerestartsbetweenphonics,wholelanguageD.Deco

dingandinferringconfuseearly-readingteachersSectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgi

venbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.ANewYorkTimesarticle

onthisgot250,000hits.B.Hedecidedtoinvestigateforhimself;fortunately,noonewashurt.C.Therearealsothosewhoseemt

obemotivatedpartlybymoneyandpartlybyboredom.D.Thoseamazingstoriesaboutfamouspeoplewillbecoveredbythemainstrea

mmediaiftrue.E.Whencaughtmisusingonemediaplatform,userssimplygotoanotheroneorstartupawebsitethemselves.F.However,manypeoplethoughtthesepape

rswerethemselveslyingforpoliticalendsandinsteadofdisappearing,thefakestorysnowballed.TheRiseofFakeNewsInDecember2016EdgarM.Welchdroves

ixhoursfromhishometoWashingtonDC,whereheopenedfireinapizzeriawithagun.Hehadformerlyreadanonlinenewsstoryabouttherestaurantbeingtheheadquarte

rsofagroupofchildabusers(虐童者).67Thestoryaboveisoneofthemostfamousexamplesofthegrowingphenomenoncalled‘

fakenews’.Theconspiracytheory(阴谋论)aboutthepizzeriabegantoappearonwebsitesandsocialnetworksinlateOctober.Thiswasquicklycl

aimedtobefalsenewsbypublicationssuchasTheNewYorkTimesandTheWashingtonPost.68Postsfrom‘RepresentativeStevenSmithofthe15thDistrictofGeorgia’cla

imedthatthemainstreammediaweretellingfalsehoods.Eventhoughboththisnameanddistrictwereinvented,themessagewasre-postedma

nytimes.Fakenewsstoriescanbehardtocontrolforseveralreasons.Manypeoplemistrustestablishednewssourcesandothersjustdon’treadthem,sotheexposingofafak

estorybyaseriousnewspaperorTVchannelhaslimitedeffect.Inaddition,theinternetisveryhardtopolice.69Reasonswhypeoplecr

eatefakenewsarevarious.Somehavepoliticalmotives,tobelittletheiropponents.Otherwebsites,likeTheOnion,deliberatelypub

lishfakenewsassatire—humorouscommentonsocietyandcurrentaffairs.Anothergroupisinitfortheprofit:manypeopleclickin

gonentertainingfakenewsstoriescanbringinalotofadvertisingincome.OnemanrunningfakenewssitesfromLosAngelesmadeuptoUS$30,000amonthinthisway.7

0Somesmall-townteenagersinMacedonia,forinstance,wrotefakenewsstoriesaboutfamouspeople.IV.SummaryWritingDi

rections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrate

d.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.SecretsoftheginkgotreeNewresearchintoanincrediblylong-livedtreehasrevealedsomeofth

etricksthathelpitsurviveforthousandsofyears.Theginkgoisahuge,slow-growingtreewithfan-shapedleaves,nativetoChina,butplan

tedinparksandgardensacrosstheworld.Someofthelargestginkgoesaresaidtobemorethan3,000yearsold.Inordertodiscoverhowtheseandothertreescanliveforsolong,sc

ientistsfromtheUSandChinatooksamplesfrom34healthyginkgoesofvariousages.Theteamstudiedgrowthringsineachtree’strunk,aswellasindividua

lcellsfromthebark(树皮),leavesandseeds.Theyfoundthat600-year-oldtreeswerejustashealthyas20-year-olds.Tolearnmore,theteamthenlookedinde

tailattheDNAofninetreesagedbetweenthreeand667yearsold.Atthebeginningofatree’slife,DNAinstructsthecellsinaseedling(幼苗)todividefrequentlysothetreeg

rowsrapidly.Thecellsalsomakespecialchemicalstohelptheyoungplantsurvivestressfulsituations,suchasdiseaseandlackofwater.Asmosttreesgrowolderandtoug

her,theirDNAtellsthecellstodividemoreslowlyandtomakefewerchemicaldefences.Ginkgoes,however,dothingsdifferent

ly.Theteamfoundthatalthoughtheirgrowtheventuallyslows,bothyoungandoldtreesmakeprotectivechemicals.Thesecretismaintainingareallyhealthydefencesystem.A

sginkgoesage,theyshownoevidenceofweakeningtheirabilitytodefendthemselvesfromstresses.Othertreesthatliveforalongtime

mayhavethesameability.Foralltheirdefences,though,ginkgoescannotliveforever—theyeventuallymeetwithfatalaccidentssuchasfire,diseasean

dstorms.Whiletheylast,however,theseleafygiantsaresomeofthemostbeautifultreesintheworld.V.TranslationDirections:T

ranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.想到睡在帐篷的硬地上，野营就没那么诱人了。(thought)73.对铁路迷来说，没有什么比看着窗外飞快略过的风景更棒。(gaze

v.)74.如果社区遭灾，及时提供救援常常是最关键的一环。(It)75.那年夏天，我和小学同学结伴在庐山骑行，我们有一度看到山巅近在咫尺，然而它实则遥不可及。(once)VI.GuidedWritingDirectio

ns:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生王磊，最近在学校英语报“AdviceColumn”中看到一则

启示，关于征询同学们“提高在线学习有效性”的建议。请给该报的编辑写一封邮件，内容须包括：1）你的建议2）你的理由2021学年第二学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷参考答案I.ListeningComprehension1.B2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A10

.C11.B12.C13.B14.D15.A16.C17.A18.C19.D20.DII.GrammarandVocabulary21.when22.investigating23.whatever/what/who/whoever/whomeve

r24.might/may25.harder26.recorded27.like28.tomake29.wastranslated30.as/though31.E32.K33.C34.D35.G36.A37.B38.F3

9.I40.HIII.ReadingComprehension41.A42.A43.C44.D45.D46.C47.B48.A49.A50.C51.B52.D53.A54.C55.B56.B57.B58.D59.C

60.B61.D62.D63.A64.B65.C66.C67.B68.F69.E70.CIV.SummaryWritingResearchhasdisclosedsomemysteryofginkoes’longevitybystud

yingthesamplesofdifferent-agedginkoesandothertrees.NotlikethelatterwhoseDNAdirectstheircellstodefendlessefficientlywhenaging,ginkoes’defencesystemcon

stantlymaintainshealthy,thusensuringtheseChina-originatedslow-growingleafygiantsalonglifeifnodeadlyacciden

tsoccur.(54words)V.Translation72.Thethoughtofsleepingonthehardgroundofthetentmakescampinglessattractive.73.Forrailwa

yfans,nothingis/thereisnothingbetterthangazingoutofthewindowattheviewflyingpast.74.Itisoftencrucial/critical/esse

ntialthatassistance(should)beprovidedrightawayifadisasterstrikes/hitsacommunity.Itisoftencrucial/critical/essentialtop

rovideassistancerightawayifadisasterstrikes/hitsacommunity.75.WhenIrodeinLushanMountainwithmyprimaryschoolcla

ssmatesthatsummer,weoncesawthatthetopofthemountainwascloseathand,butitwasoutofreachinfact.VI.GuidedWriting(略)获得更多

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