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北京师范大学附属中学平谷第一分校2023-2024学年度第一学期高三年级英语学科期中试卷共100分，考试时长90分钟第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、

C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。TakeanOptionJerrywasanaturalmotivator.Hewasalwaysinagoodmoodandalwayshadsomething____1____tosay,whichreallymademecurious.One

dayIwentuptoaskhimhowhedidthat.“Well,lifeisallabout____2____.It’syouroptionhowyouliveyourlife,”Jerryreplied.SoonImovedtoano

thercity.Severalmonthslater,IheardthatJerrywasseriouslyinjuredinthechestwhileskiing.____3____,hewasfoundquicklyandrushedtothehospital.After

8hoursofsurgeryandweeksofintensivecare,hewas____4____fromthehospital.Later,whenwemetagain,IaskedJerrywhathad____5____hism

indduringtheaccident.“AsIlayinthesnow,IknewIhadtwooptions:Onewastolive,theotherwastodie.Ichosetolive,”Jerrysaid.“Thep

aramedics(急救人员)weregreat.TheykepttellingmeIwasgoingtobefine.Butwhenthey____6____meintotheemergencyroomandIsawtheexpressionsonth

efacesofthedoctors,Igotreally____7____.Intheireyes,Iread,‘He’sadeadman.’IknewIneededtotakeaction.Itoldthem,‘OperateonmeasifI

’malive,notdead.’Yousee,Ijusttriedto____8____theirconfidence.”FinallyJerrylivedthankstotheskillofhisdoctors,butalsobecauseofhisamazi

ng____9____tolive.Jerryhastaughtmealot.Ilearnfromhimthateverydaywehavethechoicetolivefully.Your____10____,afterall,iseveryt

hing.1.A.regularB.familiarC.positiveD.typical2.A.choicesB.trendsC.relationsD.secrets3.A.NormallyB.Obv

iouslyC.HopefullyD.Luckily4.A.preservedB.releasedC.distinguishedD.abandoned5.A.gonethroughB.putupC.turnedinD.calledfor6.A.

forcedB.followedC.wheeledD.recommended7A.boredB.frightenedC.confusedD.embarrassed8.A.expressB.shareC.gainD.inspir

e.9.A.talentB.achievementC.desireD.evidence10.A.attitudeB.standardC.abilityD.control【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.C10.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。“

我”的朋友杰瑞总是很积极乐观，在一次事故中，杰瑞凭借强烈的求生欲望活了下来并且恢复了健康。“我”从杰瑞身上学到一个道理：选择和态度决定一切。【1题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：他总是心情很好，总是说一些积极的话，这真的让我很好奇。A.regular规律的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.p

ositive积极的；D.typical典型的。根据“Hewasalwaysinagoodmood”可知，此处是指总是说一些积极的话。故选C。【2题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：生活就是选择。A.choices选择；B.trends趋势；C.relat

ions关系；D.secrets秘密。根据“It’syouroptionhowyouliveyourlife”（如何生活是你自己的选择）可知，此处是指生活就是选择。故选A。【3题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：幸运的是，他很快被发现并送往医院。A.Normally正常地；B.Obvious

ly明显地；C.Hopefully有希望地；D.Luckily幸运地。根据“hewasfoundquicklyandrushedtothehospital”可知，这件事很幸运。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：经过8个小时的手术和数周的精心护理，他出院了。A

.preserved保存；B.released释放；C.distinguished区分；D.abandoned抛弃。根据“After8hoursofsurgeryandweeksofintensivecare”可知，此处是指他出院了。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：后

来，当我们再次见面时，我问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。A.gonethrough通过；B.putup张贴；C.turnedin交上；D.calledfor要求。根据“AsIlayinthesnow,IknewIhadtwooptions:Onewastolive,theot

herwastodie.”（当我躺在雪地上时，我知道我有两种选择：一种是活下去，另一种是死。）可知，此处是指“我”问杰瑞在事故中他是怎么想的。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室的时

候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.forced强迫；B.followed跟随；C.wheeled用车推；D.recommended推荐。根据“intotheemergencyroom”可知，此处是指用病床推病人进

急诊室。故选C。【7题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：但是当他们把我推进急诊室时候，我看到了医生们脸上的表情，我真的吓坏了。A.bored无聊的；B.frightened害怕的；C.confused困惑的；D.embarras

sed尴尬的。根据“He’sadeadman.”（他是个死人）可知，当看到了医生们脸上的表情，“我”真的吓坏了。故选B。【8题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我只是想激发他们的信心。A.express表达；B.share分享；C.gain获得；D.inspire激发。根据“O

perateonmeasifI’malive,notdead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指激发他们的信心。故选D。【9题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：最后，杰瑞活了下来，这要感谢他的医生的医术，但也因为他惊人的求生欲望。A.talent天赋；B.achievement

成就；C.desire欲望；D.evidence证据。根据“OperateonmeasifI’malive,notdead.”（把我当活人而不是死人来做手术。）可知，此处是指他的求生欲望。故选C。【10题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：毕竟，你的态度决定一切。A.attitude态度；B.st

andard标准；C.ability能力；D.control控制。根据“Ilearnfromhimthateverydaywehavethechoicetolivefully.”（我从他那里学到了每一天我们都可

以选择活得充实。）可知，选择很重要，态度很重要。故选A。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。ALondonMarath

onrunnersawacompetitorwhoneededhelp.Thecompetitorhadfallentotheground,sohe____11____(pick)himup.Whenhefelldownagain,hedecidedtosupporthimtothe

finishline200metresaway.Matthew,therunnerwho____12____(selfless)helpedhiscompetitor,becamefamousontheInternet.T

hetworunnersbecamefriendsand____13____(meet)atnextyear'sLondonMarathon,hopefully.【答案】11.picked12.selflessly13.willmeet【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是马拉

松选手马修在比赛中帮助竞争对手，并和对手成为了好朋友。【11题详解】的考查时态。句意：竞争者摔倒在地上，所以他把他扶了起来。通篇时态一般过去时，空格处用过去式picked，故填picked。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：马修，那个

无私地帮助他的竞争对手的赛跑者，在互联网上出名了。空格处用副词修饰动词helped，selfless的副词是selflessly，意为“无私地”，故填selflessly。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：这两位选手成为了朋友，并有望在明年的伦敦马拉松比赛上相遇。由

nextyear's可知，句子用一般将来时，因此空格处是willmeet，故填willmeet。B阅读短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Depopisashoppingappwhichyoung

peopleusetobuyandsell____14____(use)clothes.Morethan30millionpeoplefrom150countriesusetheapp,andsomeexpertsbeliev

ethatDepopwillhaveabigimpactonglobalclothescompanies.Oneofthepeople____15____sellclothesonDepopis20-year-oldMoiraCampos.Shehasabout40,000follow

ersand____16____(sell)clothesonlineisherjob.Moiraandherbrotherbuyoldclothes,takephotosofthem,andthensellthem.Youngpeoplelik

esustainableshopping____17____itisbetterfortheplanet.【答案】14.used15.who##that16.selling17.because【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章介

绍了小程序Depop深受年轻人喜欢，他们可以在上面买卖旧衣服。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：Depop是一个年轻人用来买卖旧衣服的购物应用程序。分析句子可知，提示词在句中作定语，修饰名词clothes，应使用其形容词形式used，表示“用过的，旧的”。故填us

ed。【15题详解】考查定语从句。句意：20岁的MoiraCampos是在Depop上卖衣服的人之一。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词people，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或that引导该定语从句。故填who/that。【16题详解】是考查非谓语动词

。句意：她有大约4万名粉丝，在网上卖衣服是她的工作。分析句子可知，“(sell)clothesonline”是句子主语，应用动名词selling作主语。故填selling。【17题详解】考查连词。句意：年轻人喜欢可持续购物，因为这

对地球更好。根据句意可知，“itisbetterfortheplanet”是“Youngpeoplelikesustainableshopping”是原因，所以用从属连词because引导原因状语从句。故填becaus

e。C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Discoveringyourselfplaysanimportantroleininspiringyourconfidence.Bydoingso,youcou

ldknow___18___youareweakin.Andyoumayalsorealizeyou’requiteagreatperson___19___greatstrengths.Sowhenyou’reinahardsituation,youwillbe

lieveinyourselfandspendthemostdifficulttimewithconfidence.Otherwise,youmaygiveupandthenloseeverything.Therefore,theability___20___(trust)y

ourselfwilldecideyourfuturealot.【答案】18.what19.with20.totrust【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发现自我可以激发自信心，让我们能充满自信地度过艰难时刻。【18题详解】考查

宾语从句。句意：通过这样做，你可以知道你弱点是什么。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：你可能也会意识到你是一个非常优秀的人，有很多优点。表示“具有”应用介词with。

故填with。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，相信自己的能力将在很大程度上决定你的未来。修饰名词ability需用动词不定式totrust，作后置定语。故填totrust。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列面短文，从每

题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A的Occasionslikeanniversariesweddingsandreunionscallforspecialeventvenues（场地）.Thefollowingplacesmayhav

eawayout.There'snoneedtospendmoneycreatingatmosphereatspecialeventvenues.It'sbuiltrightin!HardRockCafeAnchorage415E.STREET,ANCHORAGE

,ALASKA99501Events,likegreatmusicarebornofinspiration.Featuringa13,600-square-footfacilitythatwillseat275guestswithprivateeventspace,weprideour

selvesondeliveringanexceptionalexperiencewitharockandrolltwistforeachofourguests.BusinessExpoCenter1960S.ANAHEIMWAY,ANAHEIM,CALIFORNIA92805TheBusin

essExpoCenterisOrangeCounty'spremiereventvenueinAnaheim,California.Ourflexible36,000-square-footexpocenterishometospacef

orconferences,tradeshowsandcelebrations.Weprideourselvesonprovidingamemorableexperiencewithexcellentflexibility,services,an

dcostsavings.Wewon'tchargecustomersforon-siteparkingandprovidehigh-speedWi-Fi.AutomobileDrivingMuseum6

10LAIRPORTSTREET,ELSEGUNDO,CALIFORNIA90245CentrallylocatedintheSouthBaybeachcommunityofElSegundo,California,theADMoffersawonderfulvenueforpriv

atepartiesandcorporateevents.Convenientlylocated5minutessouthofLAX,rightoffthe405and105Freeways,the610Lairpo

rtspacehasavintagefeelsurroundedbyourprimaryautomobilecollection.Weofferseveraldifferentvenuesinsideandoutsideo

urfacilityfordiverseevents.Tobetterourservice,reservationsareneeded.YamashiroHollywood1999N.SYCAMOREAVE.,LOSANGELES,CALIFORNIA90068Y

amashiroHollywoodisarestaurantandtherefore,allfoodandbeveragesmustbehandledinhouse.However,guestsareallowedtobringin

outsidewineandchampagneforacorkagefee.21.WhatcanyoudoinBusinessExpoCenter?A.Enjoyfreeparking.B.Bringinoutsidewine.C.Experiencearockandrol

ltwist.D.Seesomeautomobilecollections.,22.Whichvenuedoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.BusinessExpoCenter.B.YamashiroHollywood.C.

HardRockCafeAnchorage.D.AutomobileDrivingMuseum.23.Whatdothefourvenueshaveincommon?A.Theyofferoptionalplaces.B.T

heyareopentospecialevents.C.Theyarelocatedinthesamestate.D.Theyenjoyconvenienttransportation.【答案】21.A22.D23.B【解析】【分析】本文

是一篇应用文，介绍了几个适合举办周年纪念日、婚礼和团聚等活动的场所。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据BusinessExpoCenter部分中的“Wewon'tchargecustomersforon-siteparkingandprovidehigh-speedWi-Fi.”可知，我们不会向

客户收取现场停车费，并且会提供高速Wi-Fi，由此可知，在商务会展中心你可以享受免费停车，故A项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据AutomobileDrivingMuseum部分中的“Tobetterourservice,reservationsareneeded.”可知，为了

让您获得更好的服务，需要预订，由此可知，汽车驾驶博物馆需要提前预订，故D项正确。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Occasionslikeanniversaries,weddingsandreunionscallfo

rspecialeventvenues.Thefollowingplacesmayhaveawayout.”可知，像周年纪念日、婚礼和聚会这样的场合需要特殊的活动场所，以下地方就是这样的场所，由此可知，这四个场馆的共同之处是

它们都对对特殊活动开放，故B项正确。BTheGreatBookSwapHi,sixthgraders!MynameisTonyHill.IampresidentoftheWindsorHighSchoolStudentCouncil.Yourteacherletmecometoyo

urclasstodaytotellyouaboutareadingprojectthatwewanttodo,andweneedyourhelp.Ifyou’relikeme,youlovetoreadbutsometimeshaveahardtimefinding

booksyouwanttoread.Itseemsasifthebestbooksatthelibraryarealwayscheckedout.Tohelpgetmorebooksintopeople’shands,we’rep

lanningtheGreatCommunity(社区)BookSwap.Tomaketheprojectasuccess,weneedeveryone’shelp.Askyourparentsifthereareanyunusedbookstakingupspace.Asky

ourfriendsandneighbourstodonateunwantedbooks.Maybeyouhavebooksyoulikedwhenyouwereyoungerbutdon’tread

anymore.Bringthemtoschoolandmakeayoungreaderhappy.Weneedallkindsofbooksforallkindsofreaders!TherearemanytimesI’

dliketogobuynewbooks,butIdon’thavealotofmoneytospendonthem.Wouldn’titbegreattoswapbooksrighthereinour

community?Volunteerswillorganizethedonatedbooks.Thenthebookswillbedisplayedatthecommunitycenter.Everyonewillbeabletoreadandhopefullyfindt

heperfectbook.Studentswillbeallowedtochooseuptotwobooksduringeachdayoftheswap.OurplanistohavethebookswapthefirstSaturdayofeverymonth.Ifyo

ulikereading,justcomeandlookthroughthecollectionofbooks.Eachgradewillhaveitsownweektobringinbooks.Rightnow,eighthgradei

sbringinginbooks.Wheneverygradehasbroughtinbooks,wewillhavequiteaselection.Youwillprobablyfindatleastonenewbookthatyou’dliketoread.Whok

nows?Maybeyou’llfindabooksogoodthatyouwon’tbeabletoputitdown.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Gohomeandcleanoutyourbookshelves

andclosets!24.WhydidTonyHillcometotheclassofsixthgraders?A.Toexplainareadingproject.B.Tointroduceanewly-builtlibrary.C.Toaskthestuden

tstohelpdonatebooks.D.Togivethesixthgradersadviceonreading.25.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howthebookswapwillwork.B.Whenbookswi

llbebroughtin.C.Whatkindsofbooksareneeded.D.Whythebookswapisnecessary.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicate?A.More

booksareneededinthefuture.B.Volunteersplayanimportantroleintheproject.C.Everyoneissuretobeabletofindthebookshewants.D.Studen

tshavealreadystartedhelpingwiththebookswap.27.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesTonyHill?A.Realistic.B.Convincing.C.Independent.D.Ambitiou

s.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要是托尼·希尔劝说六年级的学生捐赠图书的演讲，帮助实现一个阅读项目。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“MynameisTony

Hill.IampresidentoftheWindsorHighSchoolStudentCouncil.Yourteacherletmecometoyourclasstodaytotellyouabou

tareadingprojectthatwewanttodo,andweneedyourhelp.(我叫托尼·希尔。我是温莎高中学生会主席。你们的老师让我今天来你们班告诉你们一个我们想做的阅读项目，我们需要你们的帮助。)”可

知，托尼·希尔来到六年级的课堂是为了要求学生帮助捐赠书籍。故选C。【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Volunteerswillorganizethedonatedbooks.Thenthebookswillbedispla

yedatthecommunitycenter.Everyonewillbeabletoreadandhopefullyfindtheperfectbook.Studentswillbeallowedtochooseuptotwobooksduringeachdayof

theswap.OurplanistohavethebookswapthefirstSaturdayofeverymonth.(志愿者将整理捐赠的图书。然后这些书将在社区中心展出。每个人都将能够阅读，并希望找到完美的书。学生将被允许在每天的交

换中选择最多两本书。我们的计划是在每个月的第一个星期六进行图书交换。)”可知，第四段主要介绍了图书交换是如何进行的。故选A。【26题详解】词句猜测题。根据上文“Ifyoulikereading,justcomeandlookthroughthecollectionofbooks.Eachg

radewillhaveitsownweektobringinbooks.(如果你喜欢读书，就来看看我们的藏书吧。每个年级都有自己的一周来带书。)”可知，划线句子表明学生们已经开始帮助交换图书了。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Whatareyouwaitingfor

?Gohomeandcleanoutyourbookshelvesandclosets!(你还在等什么？回家把你的书架和壁橱清理干净！)”可知，TonyHill来劝同学们捐赠书籍，因此他是一个又说服力的人。故选B。CNASA’ss

pacecraftDarthitanasteroid(小行星)11.3millionkilometersawayataspeed,changingtheasteroid’sorbitandlowereditscycleperiodby15minut

es,thespaceorganizationannouncedonMonday.Somesaidthemoveshowstheworldmightnowbeabletopreventasteroids—thekindthatmadethedinosaursext

inct—fromhittingtheEarth.Theasteroidthatwascontrolledbelongedtoadouble-asteroidsystem.Ithada160-meterdiameterwhiletheotherastero

id’sdiameterisover500meters.Thebiggerasteroidcanbecomparedtotheonethatendedthedinosaurera67millionyearsago.Ahitfromanasteroidthatsizecancauseun

imaginabledestruction.However,itistooearlytoassertthattheworldhasgainedtheabilitytopreventasteroidsfromhittingus.Theasteroidthatwa

scontrolledwasonly160metersinsize.Itscycleperiodwaschanged,withoutchangingitsorbitsignificantly.Itisstillnotcleariftheorbitofamuchlargerastero

idheadedtowardtheEarthcanbechangedsuccessfully.Inbrief,NASA’ssuccessinchangingthecourseofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,but

muchmoreneedstobedonebeforewecansaytheworld’ssecurityfromsomeunpredictableasteroidisguaranteed.Itshouldben

otedthatchangingtheorbitofanasteroidinvolvesmorethanjustsendinganobjectintospaceandcommandingittohittheasteroid.Whileitishardenoughtohitan

asteroid,itisevenmoredifficulttolockontooneinthefirstplace.Itmeanshavingtheabilitytoobserveapproachingasteroids,m

easuringtheirrespectivespeeds,anddecidingwhichonesmightposeadangertotheEarth.Therefore,there’smoretoDarthittingtheasteroidthanmeetst

heeye.Andthesearekeyareaswhereglobalscientistsneedtoworkharderinthefuture.28.WhatwasthelatestnewsaboutNASA?A.Itsnew

programfailed.B.Itsmannedspaceshiphitanasteroid.C.Itsspacecraftchangedanasteroid’sorbit.D.Itsspacecraftsaved

theearthfrombeingdestroyed.29.Whatcanwelearnabouttheasteroidthatwashit?A.Itwascomparativelysmallinsize.B.Itsorbitwaschangedsignifi

cantly.C.Ittravelledatahigherspeedthanbefore.D.Itwaspowerfulenoughtoenddinosaurera.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardusingspacecraftstochanget

heasteroidsorbits?A.Neutral.B.Optimistic.C.Pessimistic.D.Notmentioned.【答案】28.C29.A30.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了美国航天局的宇宙飞船击中了小行星，并改变了其运动轨道。【28题详

解】细节理解题。根据第一段“NASA’sspacecraftDarthitanasteroid(小行星)11.3millionkilometersawayataspeed,changingtheasteroid’

sorbitandlowereditscycleperiodbyI5minutes,thespaceorganizationannouncedonMonday.(国际空间组于周一宣布，美国航天局宇宙飞船Dart以极快的速度击中了1130公里以外的

一颗小行星，改变了它的轨道并且缩短了它的周期)”可知，飞船由于撞击小行星，改变了小行星的运行轨道和周期。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Theasteroidthatwascontrolledwasonly160m

etersinsize.Itscycleperiodwaschanged,withoutchangingitsorbitsignificantly.ItisstillnotcleariftheorbitofamuchlargerasteroidheadedtowardtheEar

thcanbechangedsuccessfully.(被控制的小行星只有160米大。它的周期改变了，但轨道没有明显改变。目前还不清楚一颗更大的小行星朝向地球的轨道能否成功改变)”可推知，相对来说，这颗小行星

比较小。故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Inbrief,NASA’ssuccessinchangingthecourseofaharmfulasteroidisdefinitelypraiseworthy,butmuchmoreneedstobedonebef

orewecansaytheworld’ssecurityfromsomeunpredictableasteroidisguaranteed.(简而言之，NASA成功地改变了一颗有害小行星的运行轨迹，这无疑是值得称赞的，但我们还需要做更多的工作

，才能保证世界免受一些不可预测的小行星的威胁)”可推知，作者对于太空飞船改变小行星轨道是赞赏的态度。故选B。DDon’tputitoff,doitnow!Whydowespendsomuchtimen

otdoingtheworkweshoulddo,orputtingoffsmalljobsthathavepileduptocreateabigproblem?Procrastinating,asputtingth

ingsofflikethisiscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullordifficultjobsuntilit’stoolatetodoanythingelse.“Weoftenputthing

soffalthoughweknowitwillmakelifemorestressful,”saysDr.Steel,anauthorityonthescienceofmotivation.“Ifthe

setaskswerefun,we’djustdothemnow.Weputoffwhatisdifficultorunpleasant,suchasthepaperworkthatneedsdoingb

eforeleavingtheofficeorcleaningthebitsofyourhomethatpeoplecan’tsee.Butthefactis,thelesspeopleprocrastinate,themoremoneytheyh

ave,thebetterrelationshipstheyhave,andthehealthiertheyare.”Thisisobviouswhenyoulookatthecoupleswhodon’t

argueaboutwhetheranyonehascleanedthekitchen,andthepeoplewhosimplygoforaruninsteadofendlesslyrescheduli

ngitintheirheads.Ofcourse,therearetherestofus,whofeelthesmalljobspilinguparoundusdaily.“We’veevolvedtorespondtothemoment,andnottosetour

sightstoofarinanuncertainworld,”Dr.Steeladds.“Wearenotsetuptoappreciatelong-termrewards,whetherit’sthebenefito

fafour-yeardegree,doingexerciseordieting.Weusuallyfeelthecostnowandtherewardcomesmuchlater.”AccordingtoDr.Steel,wehavetwodecision-mak

ingsystems.Theyarethelimbic,whichisresponsiblefortheshortterm,andtheprefrontalcortex,whichdealswiththefuture.Webouncebetweenlong-termgoalsan

dshort-termtemptations,soweneedgoalsthatwilltranslateourplansforthelimbicsystem.Let’staketheexampleofstudents’writinges

says.Theyshouldsetthemselvestargetsandwordcountsperday.Thesearethusturnedfromseeminglyendlesstasksintosomethingconcretewith

measuredprogress.Dr.Steelrecommendssuchtechniques,or“pre-commitments”,addingthatleavingyouamonthbeforethe“deadline”make

sitmorelikelyataskwillbecompleted.Thebenefitisthatyou’llavoidtheembarrassmentofnotfollowinguponsomethingpeopleareexpectingyout

odo—tellingeveryoneyouaregoingtotakeupjoggingmakesyoumorelikelytodoso.Overcomingprocrastinationfinallycomesdo

wntoplanning,which,ifyou’renotcareful,becomesprocrastinationinitself.Butitisworthmakingsureyouhaveeverythinginplace.“Successfulpe

opledon’tpretendtheydon’tprocrastinate,”Dr.Steelsays.“Peoplewhopretendtheyhavewillpowerarelesssuccessful.”Instead,planforprocrastination:makeyour

workenvironmentatempleofproductivitybycuttingoutwhatstopsyoupayingyourattention,soyoucanreallyfocusonmovingfor

ward.31.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutprocrastinationinParagraph1?A.Itissomethingmanypeoplecan’thelp.B.Itisanexcusepeopleoftenuse

inpublic.C.Itiscausedbythetechnologyinpeople’slife.D.Itismorecommonwhenpeoplehavesmalljobstodo.32.Inparagraph3,Dr.

Steelbelievesthatpeoplewhoprocrastinateshould______.A.attempttoovercometheirnaturaltendenciesB.taketheadviceofothersinthesamesituationC.beaw

arethattheirproblemisrelativelysmallD.findoutmoreaboutthewaytheymakedecisions33.WhydoesDr.Steelrecommendmakin

g“pre-commitments”inParagraph4?A.Theyareanalternativetoimpossiblegoals.B.Theymakechallengesfeelmoremanageable.C.Theyareaneffectivewayof

impressingothers.D.Theyallowpeopletoachievetheiraimssooner.34.Whatdoestheauthordobysayingtheunderlinedsentence?A.Encouragethereadertodeve

lopplanseffectively.B.Advisethereadertodealwithcomplextasksquickly.C.Warnthereaderagainstspendingtoolonggettingorganized.D.Remindthereadert

otakethetimetofocusproperlyonatask.【答案】31.A32.A33.B34.C【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，主要介绍拖延症的影响以及处理拖延症需要注意的事项。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段Procr

astinating,asputtingthingsofflikethisiscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullordifficultjobsuntilit’stoolatetodoanythingels

e.可知，拖延症是我们出生就在我们的性格里面的东西，我们逃避一些枯燥或者困难的事情直到太晚而什么都做不了，故可知，拖延症是很多人无法摆脱的，因为天生就有，故选A.【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“We’veevolvedtorespondtothemoment

,andnottosetoursightstoofarinanuncertainworld,”Dr.Steeladds.可知，我们进化为对当下的东西做出反应，而对未来的没有前瞻性，故可知，要克服拖延症，还必须要克服天性，故选A。【33题

详解】推理判断题。根据第四段Thesearethusturnedfromseeminglyendlesstasksintosomethingconcretewithmeasuredprogress.Dr.Steelrecommend

ssuchtechniques,or“pre-commitments”,addingthatleavingyouamonthbeforethe“deadline”makesitmorelikelyatask

willbecompleted.可知，pre-commitments就是把一些似乎无尽的任务转换成一些可以量化进步的具体事务，在截止日期前给自己一个月的时间让任务完成得可能性更高，故可知，pre-commitments会让自己的要做的事情

更可控，故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。本句意思为，最终解决拖延症落实到了计划，但是如果不小心，计划本身就会成为拖延症的一种表现，故可知，要计划，计划之后要立即落实，故作者说这句话的意义在于警告计划不能太拖延，故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudents

andtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecisio

n.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____Emergin

gresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities

.____37____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qu

alityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachi

nginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.____38____Resea

rchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuet

oteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschools

withhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisatio

nsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsan

dtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayb

erankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenani

mportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoi

mproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.In

fact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35.D36.F37.G38.B39.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章

主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。【35题详解】根据空前内容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheym

akedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年

中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststha

tcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversiti

es.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:theq

ualityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。【36题详解】根据空前内容“WhenItalktofamiliesas

ascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水

平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”

延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。【37题详解】空前内容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesi

nlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教

学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteac

hingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质

教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事实上，

大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。【38题详解】根据空前内容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhig

hereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为

增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。

)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。【39题详解】根据下文内容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschools

withhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatr

ankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看

，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文

内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形

成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。【点睛】第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题；第40、41题各2分,第42题3分,第43题5分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Findingandkeeping

friendsisaskillthatcantakesometimetodevelop.Fromaroundtheageoffour,childrendevelopanunderstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interest

sandfeelingsthataredifferenttotheirs.Thisemergingcapacity,knownasTheoryofMind,helpschildrenmakefriends,saysEileenKennedy-Moore,aclinica

lpsychologist.“Theybecomebetteratimaginingsomeoneelse’sperspectiveandthisstimulatesmoreintimate(亲密的)friendships

.”Childrenoftenhaveapracticalviewoffriendship,formingclosebondswithpeersintheplaygroundorclassroom,saysKennedy-Moore.“Itisa‘lovetheoneyou’rewith’

approach.”“Thethingthatkidshaveasanadvantageoveradultsisthattheyareintheroomwith25othersintheirstageoflife,”shesays.“Inadulthoodittakesthought

fulefforttofindanddevelopfriendships.”Accordingtoonestudy,adultsmustspendaround50hourstogethertogofrom

mereacquaintance(相识的人)toacasualfriend,90hourstogetherbeforetheyconsidereachotherasfriends,andmorethan200hourstobecomeclosefriendswhosharean

emotionalconnection.Psychologistssaybestfriendshipscanhelpchildrenprepareforcloserelationships,includingromanticones,astheygrowup.“Bestfriendshipi

sreallylikefallinginlove,“saysKennedy-Moore.“Closefriendshipsinchildhoodhelpkidspracticetheskillstheyneedinintimaterelat

ionshipsthroughouttheirlives.Theylearnaboutotherpeople,andaboutthemselves,todealwithfeelingslikeenvy,lo

neliness,andsadness.”“Ifchildrendon’ttalkaboutfriendsathome,itdoesn’tmeantheydon’thaveany,”shesays,addingthatthismaybecausetheypreferaquieter

styleofinteractingwithothers.Parentscanhelptheirchildrenindevelopingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-upsoutsideofschool.“Theformulais:watchth

engetinvolved.”saysKennedy-Moore.“Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentowatchwhatotherchildrenaredoing,thenencourageth

emtoslideintotheactionwithoutinterrupting.”40.Whatcapacitydochildrendevelopfromabouttheageoffouraccord

ingtoKennedy-Moore?41.Whatisthedisadvantageforadultstodevelopfriendshipscomparedwithchildren?42.Pleasedecidewhichpar

tisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Parentscansupporttheirchildreninformingfriendshipsbyorganizingfu

nmeet-upsoutsideofschoolandcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.43.Listsomeotherwaysyouusuallyusetodevelopormaintainyourfriendship.(Inabout40words)【答案】40.C

hildrendevelopanunderstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredifferenttotheirs.41.Ittakesthoughtfuleffortmoretimetofinda

nddevelopfriendships.42.Parentscansupporttheirchildreninformingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-upsoutsideofschoolandcorrectingthemfrom

timetotime.Accordingtothepassage,parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentowatchandslideintotheactionwithoutin

terruptinginsteadofcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.43.IwilldirectlytellmyfriendsthatIwanttotalkwiththemandspendtimewiththem.Besides,whentheyareta

lking,Iwilllistentothemcarefully.Mostimportantly,IwillletthemknowthatIamtrustworthyandthatwecanbecomecloserfriends.【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了

发展和维持友谊是一项需要时间培养的技能，童年时期的亲密友谊有助于孩子的成长，家长可以采取方式帮助孩子建立友谊。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段“Fromaroundtheageoffour,childrendevelopanun

derstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredifferenttotheirs.Thisemergingcapacity,knownasThe

oryofMind,helpschildrenmakefriends,saysEileenKennedy-Moore,aclinicalpsychologist.(从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受。临床心理学家艾琳·肯尼迪·摩尔说，这种被称为心理理论的新

兴能力有助于儿童交朋友)”可知，从四岁左右开始，孩子们就开始理解其他人可能有不同于他们的想法、兴趣和感受，故答案为Childrendevelopanunderstandingthatotherpeoplemayhavethoughts,interestsandfeelingsthataredif

ferenttotheirs.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第四段““Inadulthoodittakesthoughtfulefforttofindanddevelopfriendships.”Accordingtoonestudy,adultsmustspend

around50hourstogethertogofrommereacquaintancetoacasualfriend,90hourstogetherbeforetheyconsidereachotherasfriends,an

dmorethan200hourstobecomeclosefriendswhoshareanemotionalconnection.(“成年后，寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力。”根据一项研究，成年人必须在一起50个小时左右，才能从单纯的熟人变成普通朋友；在一起90个小时后，才能把彼此视为

朋友；在一起200个小时以上，才能成为拥有共同情感的亲密朋友)”可知，与儿童相比，成年人发展友谊的劣势是成年人寻找和发展友谊需要深思熟虑的努力，故答案为Ittakesthoughtfuleffortmoretimetofindanddevelopfriendships.【42题详解】考查细节理

解。根据最后一段“Parentscanhelptheirchildrenindevelopingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-upsoutsideofschool.“Theformulais:watchthengetin

volved.”saysKennedy-Moore.“Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentowatchwhatotherchildrenaredoing,thenencouragethemtoslid

eintotheactionwithoutinterrupting.”(家长可以在校外组织有趣的聚会，帮助孩子建立友谊。“方法是：观察然后参与。”肯尼迪·摩尔说。“家长应该教孩子观察其他孩子在做什么，然后鼓励他们在不打断的情况下投入到行动中。”)”可知，父母应该鼓励他们

的孩子观看并在不打断的情况下进入动作，而不是时不时地纠正他们，故答案为Parentscansupporttheirchildreninformingfriendshipsbyorganizingfunmeet-upsoutsideofschoolandcorrecti

ngthemfromtimetotime.Accordingtothepassage,parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentowatchandslideintotheactionwithoutinterr

uptinginsteadofcorrectingthemfromtimetotime.【43题详解】开放性题目。我会采取这样的方式来发展或维持友谊：我会直接告诉我的朋友，我想和他们谈谈，花时间和他们在一起。此外，当他们说话时，我会仔细

听他们说话。最重要的是，我会让他们知道我是值得信赖的，我们可以成为更亲密的朋友。故答案为IwilldirectlytellmyfriendsthatIwanttotalkwiththemandspendtimewiththem.Besides,whentheyaretalking,Iwilll

istentothemcarefully.Mostimportantly,IwillletthemknowthatIamtrustworthyandthatwecanbecomecloserfriends.第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校组织了主题为“爱阅读，爱思

考”的系列读书活动。请你用英文给英国笔友Jim写一封邮件，向他介绍该活动。内容包括：1.活动目的及形式;2.个人收获及后续计划。注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Howareyoudoing?Iamwritingtotellyou

aboutsomedetailsabouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”organizedbymyschool,RedStarHighSchool.Thepurposeofthi

sactivityistoencouragestudentstodevelopthehabitofreadingandtoenhanceourcriticalthinkingabilities.Theactivitiesincludebooksharingsessions,readin

gcontests,bookreviews,anddiscussionsonvarioustopicsrelatedtoliterature.Personally,Ifindthisactivityverymeaningfulandins

piring.Ihavefoundthatithasbroadenedmyhorizons,enrichedmyknowledgeandstimulatedmyinterestinreading.Aftertheactiv

ity,Iplantocontinuetoreadwidelyandtosharemyinsightswithmyclassmates.Iwouldlovetohearyourthoughtsonthis.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.Bestregards,Your

s,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim介绍学校组织的主题为“爱阅读，爱思考”的系列读书活动。【详解】1.词汇积累活动：activity→event鼓励：encourage→inspire提高：enhance

→improve各种各样的：various→avarietyof2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomedetailsabouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”organizedbymyscho

ol,RedStarHighSchool.拓展句：Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomedetailsabouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”whichwasorgan

izedbymyschool,RedStarHighSchool.【点睛】【高分句型1】Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomedetailsabouttheactivity“Lovereading,Lovethinking”organizedbymyschool,RedStar

HighSchool.(运用了过去分词作后置定语）【高分句型2】Ihavefoundthatithasbroadenedmyhorizons,enrichedmyknowledgeandstimulatedmyinterestinreading.(运用了that引导

的宾语从句)