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冲刺2024年高考英语真题重组卷（北京专用）真题重组卷01注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后

，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改

液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。本试卷共19页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选

项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（2023·北京·统考高考真题）Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven1,soitwassurprisingI’d2toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayin

gtheprice—towriteafive-pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingt

hecat-postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto3,IbeganwiththereasonsMs.Blackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom4.Oneparagraphdown;nowwha

t?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’

dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.”Thepagesbegan5.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill6,“Fivepages!T

hat’simpossible!”“Well,you’dbettergetbacktowork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfe

xpecteda7—atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.8,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday,whenMs.Blackreadthe

essaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould9theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My10stillneededsomenudging(激发),butId

idlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.1．A．freerB．shyerC．calmerD．happier2．A．nodB．pointC．listenD．chat3．A．weepB．restC．writeD．read4

．A．learningB．playingC．planningD．laughing5．A．standingoutB．flyingbyC．breakingupD．checkingin6．A．celebratingB．longingC．c

omplainingD．warning7．A．lectureB．reasonC．rewardD．solution8．A．ThereforeB．MoreoverC．MeanwhileD．Instead9．A．hopeB．imagineC．tell

D．predict10．A．patienceB．confidenceC．toleranceD．independence【答案】1．B2．D3．C4．A5．B6．C7．A8．D9．C10．B【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者很害羞，刚来到新学校后更加害

羞，不爱说话。于是老师让作者写一篇五页的“我为什么不应该在课上讲话”的文章。作者写的文章很搞笑，第二天当老师在课堂上读作者的文章时，同学们都笑了起来。1．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害

羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A.freer更自由的；B.shyer更害羞的；C.calmer更冷静的；D.happier更高兴的。由上文“Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的)”和“ev

en”可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，所以刚到新学校更加害羞了，故选B。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的。A.nod点头；B.point指；C.listen

听；D.chat闲聊。由下文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.(现在我在付出代价——就“我为什么不应该在班里说话”写一篇五页的文章)”和“Ibeganwitht

hereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.”可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和同学们说话时，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选D。3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我终于坐下

来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由。A.weep哭泣；B.rest休息；C.write写；D.read读。由上文“towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass””可知，此处write是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，

故选C。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习。A.learning学习；B.playing玩；C.planning计划；D.laughing笑。由上文“NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towr

iteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!”和“IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwould

wanttohear.”可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上，所以说和邻桌谈话会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A。5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：书页开始飞逝。A.sta

ndingout突出；B.flyingby飞越；飞逝；C.breakingup分手；D.checkingin登记。由上文“WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandg

otoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.””可知，我开始写出很多内容，所以此处用flyby来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选B。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！”A.ce

lebrating庆祝；B.longing渴望；C.complaining抱怨；D.warning警告。由下文““Fivepages!That’simpossible!””可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故

选C。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教训”。A.lecture说教；B.reason原因；C.reward奖励；D.solution解决办法。由下文“atleastan“Ihopeyo

u’velearnedyourlesson”.”可知，“我希望你已经吸取了教训”这是一种说教，故选A。8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，妈妈一边读一边笑。A.Therefore因此；B.Moreover此外；C.Meanwhile同时；D.Instead代替；反

而。前后句子“Ihalfexpecteda______7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.”和“mumlaughedandlaughedasshe

read.”内容相反，应用instead，我本期待得到妈妈的奖励，然而妈妈非但没有奖励，反而在读我的文章时一边读一边笑，故选D。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能判断出他们不是在取笑我：他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有趣的故

事。A.hope希望；B.imagine想象；C.tell告诉；看出，判断出；区分；D.predict预计。由下文“theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepo

wertotellafunnystory.”可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选C。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的时候并不害羞。A.patience耐心；B.co

nfidence自信；C.tolerance忍受；D.independence独立。由下文“stillneededsomenudging(激发),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.”和第一段提到的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，

需要一些推动，故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Helen

waswalkingdownthestreetlate11theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.Focusedonbalancingthebags,shedidn’tnoticeherwall

etfallingoutofherpocket.AsHelenwalkedon,sheheardamanchargingtowardsher.Fearfulthathemighthaveanintention12(harm)her,Helenstartedtorun.Event

ually,theman13(catch)upwithher,andhewasonlytryingtoreturnherwallet!【答案】11．in12．toharm13．caught【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一

段经历。11．考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。intheevening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。12．考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，haveanintentiontod

osth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填toharm。13．考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。B（2021·北京·高考真题）阅

读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Samisanin-real-lifestreamer（播主），andhelivestreamshi

mselfjustgoingabouthisday．Whileridinghisbikehome14acoldnight，hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwandering

thestreetsbyherself．Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout15shelived．Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshec

ould16（safe）waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．【答案】14．on15．where16．safely【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。14．考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独

自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。15．考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”

符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。16．考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。C（2019·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填

写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion17(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn’t.What

studentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethan18theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose19aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulla

dvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源).Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,andit’snevert

ooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand20(meaning)collegeexperience.【答案】17．suggests/suggested/hassuggested18．wher

e19．who20．meaningful【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，大学的名气对学生来说并不重要，从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活，充分利用大学机会和资源的学生。所以要以正确的态度来选择大学。17．考查时态。句意：对于这个问题的研究表明，对于大多数学生来说

，它不重要。这里表示研究的客观结果，所以用一般现在时，一般过去时或现在完成时均可，故填suggests/suggested/hassuggested。18．考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。19．考查定语从

句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。3aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who。20．考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college

experience，故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A（2019·北京·高考真题）Wanttoexplorenewcultures,meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDe

velopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou’reat,whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA,you’llcr

eatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社区).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunt

eermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrol

esasprojectmanagers,mountainleaders,andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincreaseac

ommunity’saccesstosafedrinkingwater,orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetot

rainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally,you’llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhav

echancestomeetnewpeoplewho’llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes

:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.—1Aug.20Jun.—7Aug.Egypt24Jul.—20Aug.19Jun.—

6Aug.Kenya20Jul.—16Aug.18Jun.—5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.—29Aug.15Jun.—2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalpro

jectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinu

sasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.Findoutmoreaboutjoin

ingaGDAprogramme:Website:www.glodeve.orgEmail:humanresources@glodeve.org21．Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A．Toseekl

ocalpartners.B．Totakeinyoungvolunteers.C．Tocarryoutprogrammes.D．Tofosterculturalawareness.22．Theprogrammebeginningin

Augustwilloperatein________.A．EgyptB．AlgeriaC．KenyaD．SouthAfrica23．ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto________.A．explorenewculturesB．protectth

eenvironmentC．gaincorporatebenefitD．helpcommunitiesinneed【答案】21．C22．D23．D【分析】本文是一则广告。GlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA)致力于积极的改变贫穷和偏远的社区，在这里

能探索新的文化，结识新朋友，同时做一些有价值的事。文章为GDA招募志愿者并介绍了今年夏天的具体项目。21．细节理解题。题干问管理人员的主要职责是什么。根据第三段中Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose,youcouldhelptoincrease...,orh

elptoproject....Youmightalsodesign...可知，根据岗位不同，管理人员可以帮助增加小区的饮用水，可以规划地方文化，可以设计挑战项目培训年轻的志愿者，从这些内容上可以判断出其主要

职责是执行项目计划。故选C。22．细节理解题。题干问八月份开始的这个项目将在哪里开展。根据这个表格中4-weekprogrammes中的最后一个SouthAfrica2Aug—29Aug，可知八月在南非开始，答案选D。23．细节理解题。题干问GDA的所有项目的共同目的是什么。根据第

一段you’llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity.和倒数第二段中Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities可知，其

目标就是促进偏远贫穷区域的发展，即帮助有需要的社区。故选D。B（2020·北京·高考真题）BaggyhasbecomethefirstdogintheUK—andpotentiallytheworld—tojointhefightagainstairpollutionbyrecording

pollutantlevelsneartheground.Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercollarsoshecantakedatameasurementscloseto

theground.Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesandyoungkidsma

ybeathigherriskofdevelopinglungproblems.Conventionalairpollutionmonitorsarenormallyfixedonlamppostsataboutninefeetintheair.However,sinceBag

gystandsataboutthesameheightasachildinapushchair（婴儿车）,shefrequentlyrecordspollutionlevelswhicharemuchhi

gherthanthedatagatheredbytheEnvironmentAgency.ThedoggydataresearchwastheideaofBaggy's13-year-oldownerTomHun

tandhisdadMatt.TheEnglishyoungsternoticedthatpollutionlevelsarearoundtwo-thirdshigherclosetothegroundthanthe

yareintheairattheheightwheretheyarerecordedbytheagency.Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentin

anattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.MattHuntsaidhewas"veryproud"ofhissonbecause“whentheboyge

tsanidea,hekeepshisheaddownandgetsonwithit,andhereallydoeswanttodosomegoodandstopyoungkidsfromgettingasthma."“

Tombuiltupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadge

ts（小装置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftechwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosome

monitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermonitorthepollution？'Sowedidit."Tomsaid,"Mostofthetime,Baggyisju

stlikeanyotherdog.Butfortherestofthetimesheisasuperdog,andweareallreallyproudofher."24．Withamonitoronhercollar,Ba

ggycan____________.A．takepollutantreadingsB．recordpollutantlevelsC．processcollecteddataD．reduceairpollution25．Wha

tcanwelearnfromtheBaggydata?A．Highplacesarefreeofairpollution.B．Higherpushchairsaremoreriskyforkids.C．Conventionalmonitorsaremorereliable.D．Airismor

epollutedclosertotheground.26．WhatisTom'spurposeofdoingtheresearch?A．Towarnofahealthrisk.B．Tofindoutpollutionsources.C．Totesthisne

wmonitor.D．ToproveBaggy'sabilities.27．Accordingtothepassage,whichwordcanbestdescribeTomHunt?A．Modest.B．Generous.C．Creative

.D．Outgoing.【答案】24．B25．D26．A27．C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子TomHunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助

于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。24．细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy可以…。根据文章第二段Baggywearsapollutionmonitoronhercolla

rsoshecantakedatameasurementsclosetotheground.Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。25．推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从B

aggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段Hermonitorhasshownthatairpollutionlevelsarehigherclosertogroundlevel,whichhashelpedhighlightconcernsthatbabiesan

dyoungkidsmaybeathigherriskofdevelopinglungproblems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。26．推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究

Tom的意图是？根据文章第四段Tomhassincereportedtheshockingfindingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasizethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasth

ma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tom研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。27．推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tombuil

tupapassionforenvironmentalprotectionataveryearlyage,"Mattadded.“Hebecameveryinterestedingadgets（小装置）.Aboutoneyearago,hegotthisnewpieceoftec

hwhichislikeatesttube.OneSundayafternoon,wewentouttodosomemonitoring,andhesaid,whydon'tweputitonBaggy'scollarandlethermoni

torthepollution？'Sowedidit."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?

于是我们就这么做了。可知Tom是非常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。C（2023·北京·统考高考真题）Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobl

eminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousp

roblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlytheprese

ntexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardstheprese

nt,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassur

facesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrif

ices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.

Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.Pe

ople’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecis

ionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgent

mattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattenti

onthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsends

hips;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachn

ewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-cover

edcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28．T

heauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A．drawacomparisonB．introduceatopicC．evaluateastatementD．highlightaproblem2

9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.B．Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C．Thehu

manmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D．Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．Far-sigh

tedthinkingmatterstohumans.B．Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.C．Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.

D．Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.【答案】28．D29．C30．A【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问

题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。28．推理判断题。第一段首句“Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagr

eedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——

短期主义，接着下文“ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedaton

cebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（FrancisCole）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的

特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家FrancisCole的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用FrancisCol的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。29．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Asapsychologis

toncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransform

ations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheor

dinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化

，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。30．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In

recentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustriali

sedsocieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias

(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstability

oftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwi

llingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于

当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可

推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。D（2022·北京·高考真题）Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearti

clesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-

computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.Theoth

erisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomput

ing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirec

tion.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’s

new,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreatt

entionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spote

ntial.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologiesh

avegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforso

methingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIre

adthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’s

concernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildin

ga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinion

s,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition

“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantu

mcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.31．RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A．sympath

eticB．unconcernedC．doubtfulD．excited32．WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A．Hisdominanceinphysi

cs.B．Thecompetitioninthefield.C．HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D．Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagrap

h3mostprobablymean?A．Open.B．Cool.C．Useful.D．Resistant.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．IsJohnsonMore

CompetentThanTaylor?B．IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C．WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D．W

illQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】31．A32．C33．A34．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约

翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。31．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinve

stors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,dis

appointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，

兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A.s

ympathetic同情的，赞同的；B.unconcerned不关心的；C.doubtful怀疑的；D.excited激动的。故选A。32．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(

幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds

,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他说，这

家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对量子

计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。33．词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecaus

e“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知

，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A.Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；

D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故选A。34．主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusines

sWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson

.”（现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“CouldP

yQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendorany

oneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的

宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容

，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2021·北京·高考真题）Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepas

timeformanypeople．35Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued．Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblem

sbehindthescenes．36However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain．Bydistracting（分心）themindfromthepain，music，peo

plesay，canlowerstressandanxietylevels．This，ofcourse，canleadtolesspain．Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoin

gtobed．37Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessed，theloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure．Similarly,accordingtoresearcher

s，listeningtojust30minutesofsoftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels，throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety．Whenitcom

estohearthealth，thereisspeculation（推测）thatit'snotthestyleofmusic，butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth．InoneEuropeanstudy，participant

slistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure．38Ontheotherhand，whenthemusicslowed，theparticipan

ts'stressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit．39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthiss

uesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable．A．Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyotherhealthproblems．B．Someexp

ertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud．C．Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking．D．Theysayitcanplayabigr

oleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep．E．Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive．F．Itisalsohighlypopul

arduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety．G．Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere．【答案】3

5．F36．B37．D38．G39．E【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。35．空格后说“Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccan'tbeargued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项I

tisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffectsonstressandanxiety中的stressandanxiety照应了mentalhealthbenefits，因此F选项

切合题意，故选F。36．空格后说“However，forthesamereason，musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐

的负面评价，B选项Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。37．空格前说“Manypeo

pleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep中的sleep和go

ingtobed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。38．空格前说“InoneEuropeanstudy，participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartratesandbloodpressure”（

在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，themorecheerfulthemusicwas，thefastertheirheartrateswere中的heartrates和前面的heartrates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故

选G。39．空格后说“Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor，whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对

一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimp

ressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英

文回答问题。（2022·北京·高考真题）Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids

.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwatchedhism

ummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrin

koptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.A

bigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(滤网)thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsuga

rsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.Tomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtob

esellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpst

oprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomh

asbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourf

amily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasoverni

ghtsuccess.”40．WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?41．WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?42．Pleasedecidewhichpart

isfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBot

tlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.43．Amon

gTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)【答案】40．Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionof

sugarydrinksbykidsathisownschool.41．Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-along

option.42．TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosu

garydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.TomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOHG.43．Ithinkthequalityofperspicacitywillbeimportant,be

causethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichinturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)【

导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。40．考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldi

nventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发

明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tomwitnessedthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbyk

idsathisownschool.41．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusions”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“Fromobservinghis

mumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始

模型的FunBottle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了FunBottle的原始模型。故答案为Tomgottheideafromobservinghismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alo

ngoption.42．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthya

lternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).”（但是这个15

岁的孩子最感到自豪的是FunBottle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以

错误在于“alltheprofits”，应修改为“partoftheprofits”，故答案为TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovide

shealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.Tomdonatespartoftheprofitstothe

OHG.43．开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(创业者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksby

kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenont

hego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，

汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：Ithi

nkthequalityofperspicacityimisportant,becausethisinsightcanhelpusconstantlyfindourownshortcomingsinourlives,whichi

nturncanhelpusimproveourselves.(31)第二节（20分）（2020·北京·高考真题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：1.

条件及要求；2.表示感谢并提醒注意防护。注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearJim,Howareyoudoing?

Ihopeeverything'sOKwithyou.Ourschool'sdramaclubplanstostartpractising.Sinceyou'reawayinBritain,weneedadramateachertobeinyourplace.Would

youpleaserecommendoneforus?HeorsheshouldbeanativeEnglishspeaker,currentlyinBeijing,andexperiencedinbothdirectingandte

aching.Thankyouforyourhelp.Pleasetakecareofyourself.Remembertowearamaskwhennecessary.Bestwishes,Yours,LiHua【分析】本篇书面表达

是应用文，要求写一封书信。【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校英语戏剧俱乐部外籍指导教师Jim因疫情滞留英国。复学在即，作为俱乐部负责人，你给Jim写一封电子邮件，请他推荐一名外籍指导教师，内容包括：1.条件及要求；2.表示感谢并提醒注意防护。第2

步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：dramaclub(戏剧俱乐部)；plantodosth.(计划做某事)；inone'splace(代替某人)；recommend(推荐)；anativeEnglishspeaker(以英语为母

语的人)；currently(目前)；experienced(熟练的)；both…and…(两者都……)；takecareof(照顾)；wearamask(戴口罩)等。第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般

现在时。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Sinceyou'reawayin

Britain,weneedadramateachertobeinyourplace.运用原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。