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04阅读理解七选五---名校试题速递广东省2022-2023学年高三名校分类分项汇编解析版1.【广东（华侨，增城，协和）中学2022-2023学年高三上学期三校联考】IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepe

ople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutonthesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood

.____16____XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedt

oWesternchess,thereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.____17____Andinthe20thcenturybothSunYat-s

enandZhouEnlaiwerebigfansofthegame.And,thoughitmaylookquiteabitdifferentthanWesternchess,Xiangqiisactua

llyquitesimilarinwhatthepiecescandoandhowthegameisplayed.LikeWesternchess,theobjectofthegameistocapturetheotherplayer’s“king”.Actually,inX

iangqiheisjustageneral.____18____AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalarg

eemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.____19____ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBa

ngandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.Thewarwassoinfluentialthat“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”hasbecomeametaphor(隐喻)referringtoanyboundarybetweentwooppos

ingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbythicksmoke,able

tohearthebeatingofwardrums.____20____A．UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionso

flines.B．DuringtheQingDynastyitspopularitygrew.C．Itiscalled“theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary”.D．Thegameisc

alledXiangqi,agameofordinarypeople.E．TherearemanydifferencesbetweenXiangqiandWesternchess.F．Anintensebattleisabouttotakeplac

eonthissmallchessboard.G．SeveralsayingsrelatedtoXiangqiareincommonuseinChinatoday.【答案】16．D17．B18．A19．C20．F【导语】本文

是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国的象棋。16．上文“IfyoutraveltonearlyanyChinesecityinthesummertime,youwillseepeople,mostlymenwearingT-shirts,sittingoutont

hesidewalksonlowchairsintheshade,playingagamewithlargerounddisksofwood.(如果你在夏天去几乎任何一个中国城市旅行，你都会看到人们，大多是穿着T恤衫的男人，

坐在阴凉处的矮椅子上，在人行道上用大圆木盘玩游戏。)”描述了玩游戏的景象，说明这种游戏在中国非常普及和受欢迎，下文“XiangqidatesbackasearlyastheWarringStatesperiod.(象棋的历史可以追

溯到战国时期。)”介绍象棋可以追溯到战国时代，D项“ThegameiscalledXiangqi,agameofordinarypeople.(这个游戏叫象棋，一个普通人的游戏)”承接上文，指出这个游戏就是象棋，“thegame”指代上文的“playingagamewithlarger

ounddisksofwood”，“agameofordinarypeople”呼应上文句子所描写的场景，下文进一步介绍象棋，选项中的“Xiangqi”与下文的“Xiangqi”一致，所以D选项符合逻辑关系。故选D。17．上文“Xiangqidatesbackasea

rlyastheWarringStatesperiod.WhileexpertshavedifferentopinionsastowhocreatedXiangqiandhowitislinkedtoWesternchess,th

ereisnodoubtthatbytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargameinChina.(象棋的历史可以追溯到战国。虽然专家们对象棋的创造者以及它与西洋象棋的联系有不同的看

法，但毫无疑问，到了唐代，象棋在中国已经成为一种流行的游戏。)”介绍象棋在中国历史悠久，很受欢迎。下文“Andinthe20thcenturybothSunYat-senandZhouEnlaiwerebigfansofthegame.(在20世纪，孙中山和周恩来都是象棋的忠实粉丝。)”介

绍了近代象棋在中国的受欢迎程度，根据上下文可知此段按照时间顺序介绍了象棋在中国的发展，所以空处应该按照时间介绍唐朝之后的一个时期象棋的发展情形。B项“DuringtheQingDynastyitspopularitygrew.(在清朝，它的

流行程度越来越高。)”符合时间逻辑关系，选项中的“itspopularitygrew”顺承上文的“bytheTangDynastyXiangqiwasapopulargame”。故选B。18．上一段“And,thoughitmaylookquiteabitdifferentthanWeste

rnchess,Xiangqiisactuallyquitesimilarinwhatthepiecescandoandhowthegameisplayed.LikeWesternchess,theobjectoftheg

ameistocapturetheotherplayer’s‘king’.Actually,inXiangqiheisjustageneral.(尽管象棋看起来与西方国际象棋有很大的不同，但在棋子的功能和游

戏方式方面，象棋实际上非常相似。就像西洋象棋，游戏的目标是抓住其他玩家的‘王’。其实，在象棋里他只是个将军。)”说明了中国象棋与西方象棋的相似之处，由下文“AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXian

gqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.(西洋象棋和象棋的另一个很大的不同是，棋盘中间有一个很大的空地，象不能越过的。)”可知设空处应该阐述西洋

象棋和象棋的一个不同之处，A选项“UnlikeWesternchess,insteadofplacingthepiecesinsquares,thepiecesareplacedontheintersectionsoflines.(与西方国际象棋不同的是，棋子不是放在方格里，而是放在线的

交叉点上。)”符合语意。故选A。19．上文“AnotherbigdifferencebetweenWesternchessandXiangqiisthatthereisalargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcro

ss.(象棋和西洋象棋的另一大区别是棋盘中间有一大块空白，象无法通过。)”提到中国象棋中有个空间是象不能越过的；下文“ThisspacereferstoanareainChinawhereLiuBangandXiangYuhadalife-or-deathwar.(这个空间指的是中国的一个地

区，刘邦和项羽在那里进行了一场生死战)”提到这个空间就是刘邦和项羽打生死战的地方，所以空处应是对这个空间进行定义，C项“Itiscalled‘theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary’.

(它被称为‘楚河汉界’。)”符合逻辑，选项中的代词“it”指代上文的“alargeemptyspaceinthemiddleoftheboard,whichtheelephantscannotcross.”，下文对选项中的“theChuRiverandtheHanBou

ndary”进行进一步的说明。故选C。20．上文“Thewarwassoinfluentialthat‘theChuRiverandtheHanBoundary’hasbecomeametaphor(隐喻)r

eferringtoanyboundarybetweentwoopposingarmies.WhentheChinesepeopletodayseethisnameontheboard,thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughthe

yaresurroundedbythicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.(这场战争的影响是如此之大，以至于“楚汉边界”已经成为一个隐喻，指的是两个敌对军队之间的任何边界。当今天的中国人看到这个名字在棋盘时，战斗的画面浮现在他们的脑海中，仿佛被

浓烟包围，能够听到战鼓的敲击声。)”提到楚河汉界是一种隐喻，下象棋时棋盘也是个战场，人们看到这个名字就好像沉浸在硝烟四起、战鼓喧天的战争场面。F选项“Anintensebattleisabouttotakeplaceonthissmallchessboard.(一场激烈

的战斗即将在这个小棋盘上进行)”承接上文，符合逻辑，选项中的“Anintensebattle”与上文中的“thebattlescenescometotheirmind,asthoughtheyaresurroundedbyt

hicksmoke,abletohearthebeatingofwardrums.”表达的意思一致，“onthissmallchessboard”与上文中的“ontheboard”一致。故选F。2.【华南师大附中202

3届高三年级第一次月考】Asmuchas80percentofprematureheartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecificlifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight

,arewellknown.___16___“Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthe1ongrun,”sayspreventivecardiologi

st(心脏病学家)Dr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfortheHeartandStrokeFoundationofCanada.Geteighthoursofsleep.“Whenyou’renotrested,everythingthat

happensinyourlifeisalotmorestressful,”saysDr.AryaSharma,founderoftheCanadianObesityNetwork.Ifwe’reshorto

fsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammation(炎症)andbloodsugarlevels.___17___Engageinvolunte

erwork.___18___ResearchpublishedinPsychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposein1ifeislinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackands

troke.“Weknowthatlonelinessisariskfactorforhearthealth,”addsSharma.“Volunteeringgetsyououtofthehouseandcreatesasocialnetwork.”___19___Arecent

studyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundthathealthypeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikelytohaveheartdiseasesixyears

laterthanthosewhohadasubstantialmorningmeal.Onepossiblereason:“Ifyou’reeatingaproperbreakfast,you’relesslikelytobehungrylaterandmakepoorfoodchoices,”

saysAbramson.“Weneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthylifestyle.”___20___A.Eatbreakfast.B.Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.C.Volun

teeringmightevenincreaseyourphysicalactivity.D.Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpactonheartandbloodhealth.E.Choosewhole-grain,

low-fatbreakfastfoodsandincludefruit.F.EathealthyfoodrichinproteinandfiberbutlowinfatandsugarG.Doinggoodforothershelpsyo

urself-esteemandrelievesstress.【答案】16.B17.D18.G19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍三种人们意想不到的促进心脏健康的方法。【16题详解】根据前文“Asmuchas80percentofprematureheart

diseaseispreventablebymakingspecificlifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.(多达80%的过早的心脏病是可以通过选择特定的生活方

式来预防的。有些策略，如锻炼和控制体重，是众所周知的。)”和后文““Asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthe1ongrun,”sayspreventivecardiologist(

心脏病学家)Dr.BethAbramson,aspokespersonfortheHeartandStrokeFoundationofCanada.(加拿大心脏和中风基金会发言人、预防心脏病专家贝丝·艾布拉姆森博士说：“从长远来看，日常

生活中的一个小改变可能会产生巨大的影响。”)”可知，一些健康的生活方式是众所周知的，但其它的或许你不会想到，前后句之间为转折关系。所以选择项B“Butothersmaynothavecrossedyourmind.(但你可能没想过其它的。)

”符合上下文语境。故选B。【17题详解】根据前文“Ifwe’reshortofsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inf

lammation(炎症)andbloodsugarlevels.(如果我们睡眠不足，我们的身体也更难控制血压、炎症和血糖水平。)”可知，没有充足的睡眠会导致身体健康问题，当然也会对心脏健康产生影响。所以选择项D“Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpac

tonheartandbloodhealth.(这些因素都会对心脏和血液健康产生影响。)”符合上下文语境。故选D。【18题详解】根据本段中心句“Engageinvolunteerwork.(参加志愿者工作。)”和后文“ResearchpublishedinP

sychosomaticMedicinein2016showedthatafeelingofpurposein1ifeislinkedtoalowerlikelihoodofheartattackandstroke.'

Weknowthatlonelinessisariskfactorforhearthealth,'addsSharma.'Volunteeringgetsyououtofthehouseandcreatesasocialnetwork.'(2016年发

表在《心身医学》上的一项研究表明，生活的目标感与心脏病和中风的较低可能性有关。“我们知道孤独是心脏健康的一个风险因素，”沙玛补充说。“志愿活动让你走出家门，建立社交网络。”)”可知，参加志愿者活动，可以减少孤独感，缓解压力，从而预防心脏病的发生。所以选

择项G“Doinggoodforothershelpsyourself-esteemandrelievesstress.(为他人做好事可以帮助你提升自尊，缓解压力。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。【19题详解】这里是本段的小标题。根据后

文“ArecentstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundthathealthypeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikely

tohaveheartdiseasesixyearslaterthanthosewhohadasubstantialmorningmeal.Onepossiblereason:'Ifyou’reeatingaprop

erbreakfast,you’relesslikelytobehungrylaterandmakepoorfoodchoices,'saysAbramson.(《美国心脏病学会杂志》最近的一项研究发现，不吃早餐的健康人6年后患心脏病的可能性几乎是那些吃丰盛早餐的人的

三倍。一个可能的原因是：“如果你吃了一顿合适的早餐，你稍后就不太可能感到饥饿，也不太可能做出糟糕的食物选择，”艾布拉姆松说。)”可知，本段主要介绍吃早餐对心脏的好处。所以选择项A“Eatbreakfast.(吃早餐。)”符合上下文语境。故选A。【2

0题详解】根据前文“Weneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthylifestyle.(作为健康生活方式的一部分，我们需要均衡饮食。)”可知，这里对均衡饮食作了具体的说明。所以选择项E“Choosewho

le-grain,low-fatbreakfastfoodsandincludefruit.(选择全麦，低脂的早餐，包括水果。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。3.【广东省广州市天河区2022-2023学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题】DefendYou

rselfWithoutBeingDefensiveThere’safinelinebetweendefendingyourselfandbeingdefensive,butitmakesaworldofdifferencebetweenend

ingandworseningaproblem.Ifyouregularlyfindyourselfjustifyingyourself,blamingothers,ortryingtodistractf

romtheproblemathand,youmaybeonthedefense.___31___.Keepcalminthemoment___32___.Ifyou’refeelingwoundup(生气),ta

keadeepbreathandresisttheurgetosayanythinguntilyou’vehadachancetothinkitthrough.You’llhandlethesituationbetteronceyou’vehadamomenttoeaseyourtension

.Inmanysituations,it’sokaytobequietforamoment.Noteveryconflictneedstobeaddressedimmediately.WaittorespondtothecriticismArapidreactionisusua

llybasedonlyonemotions.Yourimmediatereactionmightbedefensive.Pauseforamomentbeforeyoureply,anddon’tinterruptorcu

ttheotherpersonoff.___33___.Cuttinginwithcorrectionsor“That’snottrue”shutsdownfurtherdiscussion.___34___Anexplanationcan

makeitclearertoyouwhattheproblemis.Ifyoudon’tunderstandwherethecriticismiscomingfrom,orifthepersonsaidsomethingvague,respondto

themwith,“Canyouexplain?”or,“Couldyoutellmemore?”___35___.Forexample,insteadof,“Don’tcallmydesignugly.Iworkedhardonthat,”say,“Whatmakesyou

saythedesignisugly?”Orsaysomethinglike,“What’ssomethingwecandotofixthat?”A．EncouragethepersontoexplainB．ExplainwithoutdefensivewordsC．Letthe

personfinish,evenifheorsheiswrongD．TalkingtoomuchisnotagoodwaytosolvetheproblemsE．Gettingangryorupsetimmediate

lytendstolookdefensiveF．Thisalsogivesyousometimetobreathesoyou’relesslikelytoresponddefensivelyG．Fortunately,therearewaystofindasolutiontothep

roblemwithoutgettingdefensiveaboutit【答案】31．G32．E33．C34．A35．F【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三种消除戒备心理的自我保护方法。31．上文“There’safinelineb

etweendefendingyourselfandbeingdefensive,butitmakesaworldofdifferencebetweenendingandworseningaproblem.Ifyouregular

lyfindyourselfjustifyingyourself,blamingothers,ortryingtodistractfromtheproblemathand,youmaybeonthedefense.(为自己辩护和自我防

卫之间有细微的差别，但是结束问题和恶化问题之间却有天壤之别。如果你经常发现自己在为自己辩护，责怪别人，或者试图从手头的问题上转移注意力，你可能处于防御状态。)”提到了几种容易产生心理戒备的情况，如“justifying

yourself,blamingothers,ortryingtodistractfromtheproblemathand”,结合下文黑体小标题，给出解决这些问题的方式，G项“幸运的是，有一些方式可以找到解决问题的方法，而

不对其产生戒备”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。32．根据本段的小标题“Keepcalminthemoment(在此刻保持冷静)”和下文“Ifyou’refeelingwoundup(生气),takeadeepbreathandresisttheu

rgetosayanythinguntilyou’vehadachancetothinkitthrough.(如果你感到紧张，深吸一口气，在你有机会想清楚之前，克制自己不说话的冲动。)”讲如果你感到生气，深呼吸，在

你有机会把它想通之前控制住(自己)要说话的冲动。因此推断E项“一生气或沮丧就会(让你)看起来是戒备的”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境，下文给出解决办法。故选E。33．本段的小标题是“Waittorespondtothecriticism(回应批评时等待

一会儿)”可知，本段建议不要立即回应批评，根据上文中的“Pauseforamomentbeforeyoureply,anddon’tinterruptorcuttheotherpersonoff.(在回答之前稍作停顿，不要打断或打断对方。)”可知，不要打断或中止他人说话。

因此推断C项“让这个人说完，即使他或者她是错误的”承接上文，符合语境。故选C。34．空格处是本段的小标题。根据下文“Anexplanationcanmakeitclearertoyouwhattheproblemis.Ifyoudon’tun

derstandwherethecriticismiscomingfrom,orifthepersonsaidsomethingvague,respondtothemwith,‘Canyouexplain?’or,‘Couldyou

tellmemore?’(一个解释可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗?”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗?”)”可知，本段介绍了解释的重要性，一个解释可以让你更

清楚问题所在。因此推断A项“鼓励人们去解释”符合本段主旨，适合作本段的小标题。故选A。35．上文“Anexplanationcanmakeitclearertoyouwhattheproblemis.Ifyoudon’tunderstandwherethecrit

icismiscomingfrom,orifthepersonsaidsomethingvague,respondtothemwith,‘Canyouexplain?’or,‘Couldyoutellmemore?’(一个解释

可以使你更清楚地知道问题是什么。如果你不明白批评的来源，或者那个人说了些模糊的话，你可以这样回答他们:“你能解释一下吗?”或者，“你能多告诉我一些吗?”)”讲解释可以让你更清楚问题所在，下文“Forexample,insteadof,‘Don’tcallmydesignugly.I

workedhardonthat,’say,‘Whatmakesyousaythedesignisugly?’Orsaysomethinglike,‘What’ssomethingwecandotofixthat?’(例如，不要说:“不要说我的设计丑。我在这方面很努力。”比

如，“你为什么说这个设计很丑?”或者像这样说，“我们能做些什么来解决这个问题?”)”讲述了一些回应的例子，因此推断F项“这也给了你一些喘息的时间，这样你就不太可能怀着戒备的心理进行回应”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。4.【广东省茂名市2022-2023学年高三上学期大联考】FourWaystoHe

lpYourChildFocusTroublefocusingcanbealong-termorshort-termchallenge.____16____Italsoimpactseverydaylife.Youcan’talwayschangethecir

cumstancesthatmakeithardtofocus.Buttherearewaystohelpyourchildcutthroughdistractions(分心事)andgetthingsdone.Jumprightintoprojects.T

helongeryouputoffstartingatask,theharderitcanbetofocusonit.Thatgoesforprojectsforschoolandaroundthehouse.____17____Tomakeiteasiertogetstarted,

trybreakingtasksintosmallerpieces.Theimportantthingisnottodelaygettingstarted.Limitdirectionstooneortwoatatime.Whenkidsstrugglewithfocus,itcanbehar

dforthemtolistento,remember,andfollowthroughon(贯彻到底)directions.____18____Let’ssayit’stimeforhomework.Youmig

httellyourchildtochecktheassignmentbook,getouttherightmaterials,andstartworking.Ifthat’stoomuchforyourchildtofocusonandkeepinmind,breakitdownintosi

nglesteps.____19____Whileyoumaywanttoconcentrateonaparticulartask,sometimesyougetstuckandyourbrainneedssomethingfreshtofocuson.Tr

yswitchingtoothertasksorsomethingkidslovetodo,whichcanhelptheirmindsstaysharpandproductiveforalongerperiod.Beopentowhatworks.____20____Onthec

ontrary,othersdobetterwithnoise.That’swhyit’simportanttoaskkidswhatworksbestforthem.Maybeyourchildwantstolistentomusicwhiledoin

ghomework.Giveitatryandseehowitgoes.A．Switchtasks.B．Trymindfulness.C．Eitherway,itmakeslearninghard.D．

Somepeopleneedtotalquiettofocus.E．Don’tjustletthewordspassoveryou.F．Sotrynottooverloadyourchildwithtoomanydirectionsatonce.G．Thatdoesn’t

meanyourchildhastodoeverythingatonce,though.【答案】16．C17．G18．F19．A20．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了帮助孩子集中注意力的四种方法。16

．根据上文“Troublefocusingcanbealong-termorshort-termchallenge.(注意力不集中可能是一个长期或短期的挑战。)”可知，提到的是两种情况，因此选项C“无论哪种方

式，它都让学习变得困难。”中Eitherway与前文呼应。故选C。17．根据上文“Thelongeryouputoffstartingatask,theharderitcanbetofocusonit.Thatgoesforprojectsforscho

olandaroundthehouse.(你越推迟开始一项任务，就越难专注于它。这适用于学校和房子周围的项目。)”介绍了推迟开始一项任务的弊端，该句与G项“不过，这并不意味着你的孩子必须立刻做所有的事情。”为转折关系再

结合选项“atonce”以及“though”的提示可知答案。故选G。18．根据此段的小标题可知，此段主要是说每次只给一个或两个指示。因此结合下文“Let’ssayit’stimeforhomework.Youmighttellyourchildtoch

ecktheassignmentbook,getouttherightmaterials,andstartworking.Ifthat’stoomuchforyourchildtofocusonandkeepinmind,breakitdownintosingl

esteps.(让我们说到做作业的时间了。你可能会告诉你的孩子检查作业本，拿出正确的材料，然后开始做作业。如果这对你的孩子来说太难了，你可以把它分成几个步骤。)”可知，此处强调不要立即给孩子过多的指示。F选项“所以不要一次给孩子灌输太多的指示。”符合句意，故选F。19．此空是本段的小标题。根据此段

的内容“Whileyoumaywanttoconcentrateonaparticulartask,sometimesyougetstuckandyourbrainneedssomethingfreshtofocuson.Tryswitchingtoothertasksorsomethingki

dslovetodo,whichcanhelptheirmindsstaysharpandproductiveforalongerperiod.(当你想要专注于一项特定的任务时，有时你卡住了，你的大脑需要一些新鲜的东西来集中注意力。试着把注意力转移到孩子们喜欢做

的其他事情上，这可以帮助他们的思维在更长的时间内保持敏锐和高效。)”可知，此段主要是围绕着“转换任务”来写的。故选A。20．根据此空后的内容“Onthecontrary,othersdobetterwithnoise.(相

反，其他人用噪音做得更好。)”可知，D项“有些人需要完全的安静才能集中注意力。”所述内容与后文内容相对立。故选D。5.【广东省普宁市2022-2023学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题】Dealingwithjudgmentfromotherp

eoplecanbetough.____31____Butyoucancopewiththeircriticismusingpositivityandsympathy.Thetipsbelowwillshowyouthebestwaystorespondwhensomeonejudgesyo

u.____32____Trynottotakeanyjudgmentalwordspersonally.Rememberthatajudgmentalperson’swordsareareflectionoftheirownbeliefs—andnotyoursRemindyour

selfofallthethingsyoudowell,andkeepalistofyourbesttraitsandachievementstoboostyourconfidence.Besympathetic.____33____Itcouldbetha

ttheywerejudgedthemselvesbyparents,family,orfriends,inwhichcasethisperson’scriticalattitudewouldbesomethingtheylearned.Whilethatdoesn’tex

cusetheirbehavior,havingcompassioncaninformyourresponse.Saythingslike“I’mnotsureIagree,butIunderstandyourposit

ionandI’lltaketimetothinkitover.Thankyouforsharing.”Askforclarification.Judgmentalpeoplemaynotknowthey’rebeingrude

orunreasonable.Askthispersontoexplainwhattheysaid,andfindouttheirmotivationforsayingit.____34____Beforeyouinterpretthisperso

n’swordsacertainway,makesureyouknowtheirtruemeaningandwhytheyfelttheneedtojudgeyou.Calmdownandrespondrationally(理性地).Beingjudg

edisneverfun,andit’snaturalforyoutofeelhurtandemotionalrightafterithappens.____35____Gettingdefensiveorjudgmentalinreturnisunlikelytohelpthemseethee

rroroftheirways,andmorelikelytostartafight.Ifyougetangry,takeseveraldeepbreathsuntilyoufeelyourselfcalmingdown.Excuseyourselfbrieflyifyouneedto.T

akeaquickwalk,andreturntotheconversationwhenyoufeelready.A．Soyoushouldstaycollected.B．Separateyourselffromthejudgment

.C．Judgmentalpeoplearejustunavoidable.D．Tryunderstandingthesourceofthisperson’sjudgment.E．Thinkofeachsituationwhereyoufeeljudgedasalearningexp

erience.F．Explainwhytheirwordshavebotheredyouandmakesurethisdoesn’thappenagain.G．Somepeoplehavegoodintentionsbutendupsoundingjudgmentalwhenthey’ret

ryingtohelp.【答案】31．C32．B33．D34．G35．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要针对如何正确处理来自他人的评价给出了四点建议。31．根据空处下句“Butyoucancopewiththeircriticismusingposit

ivityandsympathy.(但你可以用积极和同情来应对他们的批评)”可知，其中的criticism与C项“Judgmentalpeoplearejustunavoidable.(品头论足的人是不可避免的)”中的Judgmenta

l相呼应。故选C项。32．根据空处下句“Trynottotakeanyjudgmentalwordspersonally.(不要把任何评头论足的话当成是针对你个人的)”结合本段内容可知，本段主要是建议大家要将自己从评价中分离开来(Separateyourselffromthejudgment

.)。故选B项。33．根据空处下句“Itcouldbethattheywerejudgedthemselvesbyparents,family,orfriends,inwhichcasethisperson’scriticalattitudewouldbesomethingtheyl

earned.(可能是父母、家人或朋友对他们进行了评判，在这种情况下，这个人的批评态度可能是他们学到的东西)”可知，这里是对D选项“Tryunderstandingthesourceofthisperson’sjudgment.

(试着理解这个人评价的原因)”的进一步解释，都是在介绍别人评价的起源和原因。故选D项。34．根据空处前两句“Judgmentalpeoplemaynotknowthey’rebeingrudeorunreasonable.Askthispersontoe

xplainwhattheysaid,andfindouttheirmotivationforsayingit.(爱评判别人的人可能不知道他们是粗鲁的或不讲道理的。请这个人解释一下他们说了什么，并找出他们这么说的动机)”可知，这里是在介绍要去了解别人说话的动机。而G选项“Somepeop

lehavegoodintentionsbutendupsoundingjudgmentalwhenthey’retryingtohelp.(有些人本意是好的，但在他们试图帮助别人的时候，却听起来像是在评

判别人)”是对上两句做法的进一步解释。故选G项。35．根据空处下句“Gettingdefensiveorjudgmentalinreturnisunlikelytohelpthemseetheerrorof

theirways,andmorelikelytostartafight.(以自卫或评判的方式作为回报，不太可能帮助他们看清自己的错误，反而更有可能引发争斗)”可知，以批判的态度去回击别人是不可取的做法，那相反，我们应该保持冷静（Soyoushouldstaycollected

），此处staycollected与小标题Calmdown呼应。故选A项。6.【广东省深圳市福田区红岭中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次统一考试】Whydowomenalwaysfeelcold?The

“correct”temperaturetobesetoftenformsthebasisofofficeargumentsbetweenwomenandmen.Betweenthesexes,therearealwaysmoresimilaritiesthandifferences.____16

____Isthereanysciencebackingupthewidespreadbeliefthatwomen“feelthecold”morethanmen?BiologicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomenAta

roundthesamebodyweight,womentendtohavelessmuscletogenerateheat.____17____Thus,theskinfeelscolder,asit’sslightlyfurtherawayf

rombloodvessels(血管).Womenalsotendtohavealowermetabolicratethanmen,whichreducesheatproductioncapacityduringcoldexposure,mak

ingwomenmorelikelytofeelcoldasthetemperaturedrops.HormonaldifferencesThehormonesoestrogen(雌激素)andprogesterone(黄体素)

arefoundinlargequantitiesinwomen.___18___Oestrogenenlargesbloodvesselsattheextremities,meaningmorehea

tcanbelosttothesurroundingair.Andprogestcronecancausethevesselsintheskintotighten,meaninglessbloodwillflowtokeeptheinternalorganswarmer,lea

vingwomenfeelingcooler.Isitjusthumans?____19____Studiesonmanyspeciesofbirdsandmammalsreportthatmalescommonlygatherincoolerareas

wherethereisshade,whilefemalesandoffspringstayinwarmerenvironmentswherethereissunlight,astheyoungareun

abletoregulatetheirownbodytemperatureduringsomestages.Therefore,thedifferencebetweenheat-sensingmechanismsmayprovideanevolutionaryadvantage.S

ohowdoweagreeontheidealtemperature?Intheworkplace,personalcomfortsystemsarethermalsystemsthatheatorcoo

landcanbelocallypositionedinindividualworkstationssuchasdesktops,chairs,ornearthefeetandlegs.____20____Thesesystemsprovideindividualizedtherma

lcomforttomeetpersonalneedswithoutaffectingothersinthesamespace.A.Theskinisthefirstlineofdefence.B.Theycontribute

tothecorebodyandskintemperatures.C.Animalshavethesamesystemtoregulatebodytemperature.D.Theyalsohavemorefatbetweentheskinandthemuscles.E.Thepre

ferenceforwarmertemperaturesisn’tuniquetohumans.F.Examplesincludedeskfans,heatedchairsorfootwarmers.G.Researchesshowwomenpreferahighertemperature

tomen,however.【答案】16.G17.D18.B19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章解释了女性比男性更能“感受到寒冷”的原因，这种现象也存在于动物界，最后文章也提到了解决办法。【16题详解】根据上文“Betwee

nthesexes,therearealwaysmoresimilaritiesthandifferences.(两性之间的相似点总是多于不同点)”可知，两性之间的相似处点多于差异，下文“Isthereanyscienceba

ckingupthewidespreadbeliefthatwomen‘feelthecold’morethanmen?(人们普遍认为女性比男性更能‘感受到寒冷’，这一观点有科学依据吗?)”提到两性对温度的感知差异，故G项“然而，研究表明，女性比男性更喜欢更高的温度”符合语境，说明

女性确实在室温的喜好上与男性有差异，与上文形成转折关系，且开启下文。故选G项。【17题详解】根据本段主题句“Biologicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomen(男女之间的生理差异)”可知，此段分

析女性的生理机制与男性的差异性而导致她们更怕冷，根据上文“Ataroundthesamebodyweight,womentendtohavelessmuscletogenerateheat.(在体重大致相同

的情况下，女性产生热量的肌肉往往较少)”及下文“Thus,theskinfeelscolder,asit’sslightlyfurtherawayfrombloodvessels(血管).(因此，皮肤感觉更冷，因为它离血管略远)”推知，空处内容也和皮肤及肌肉有关，D项“她们的皮肤和肌肉之间也有更多

的脂肪”最恰当，选项中的they指代上文提到的women。故选D项。【18题详解】通过后文“Oestrogenenlargesbloodvesselsattheextremities,meaningmoreheatcanbelosttothesurroundi

ngair.Andprogestcronecancausethevesselsintheskintotighten,meaninglessbloodwillflowtokeeptheinternalorganswarmer,leavingwomenfeelingcooler.(雌激素会使四

肢的血管扩张，这意味着更多的热量会流失到周围的空气中。黄体素会导致皮肤中的血管紧致，这意味着更少的血液流动来保持内部器官的温度，让女性感觉更凉爽)”对这两种物质“Thehormonesoestrogen(雌激素)andprogesterone(黄体素)”的作用进行

的分析可知，这两种物质主要是调节身体器官和皮肤的温度，B项“它们有助于提高身体核心和皮肤的温度”符合文意，引起下文，B项中的代词They指代上文的“Thehormonesoestrogen(雌激素)a

ndprogesterone(黄体素)”，故选B项。【19题详解】通过下一句“Studiesonmanyspeciesofbirdsandmammalsreportthatmalescommonlygath

erincoolerareaswherethereisshade,whilefemalesandoffspringstayinwarmerenvironmentswherethereissunlight,astheyounga

reunabletoregulatetheirownbodytemperatureduringsomestages.(对许多种类的鸟类和哺乳动物的研究报告称，雄性通常聚集在阴凉的凉爽地区，而雌性和后代则呆在阳光充足的温暖环境中，因为幼雏在某些阶段无法调节

自己的体温)”提到动物界雄性喜欢更凉爽的地方而雌性喜欢更温暖的地方可知，两性之间对温度偏好的差异性不仅仅局限于人类身上，动物界也有相似的例子，E项“对温暖温度的偏好并非人类所独有”符合语境。故选E项。【20题详解】通过上一句“Intheworkplace,personalcom

fortsystemsarethermalsystemsthatheatorcoolandcanbelocallypositionedinindividualworkstationssuchasdesktops,chairs,

ornearthefeetandlegs.(在工作场所，个人舒适系统是加热或冷却的热系统，可以局部放置在单独的工作站上，如桌面、椅子或脚和腿附近)”提到在办公场所可以根据个人需要放置取暖设备可知，空处接着举例说明可以用哪些设备，F项“例如桌扇、加热椅或暖

脚器”符合语境，且呼应下一句中的“Thesesystems”。故选F项。7.【广东省深圳市龙岗区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试】HowCanIFightLaziness?Lazypeoplewillneveramounttoanythinginlife.Howeve

r,lazinesscanbedefeatedonceafewchangeshavebeenmadeinyourmind.____31____Manypeoplelacksleepconstantly,sincetheystayuptoolateandgetupt

ooearlytoprepareforwork.Thesepeoplehavelittlemotivationoncetheyarrivehome.Byadjustingyoursleepscheduletoprovideafewmorehoursofmeaningfulsleep,youc

anfightlazinessthroughouttheday.Anotherwaytofightlazinessistochangeyourmindfrompassivetoactive.Somepeopletreattheirlivesasiftheywerepushedfr

omtasktotask.Otherstakeamoreproactiveapproach,viewingeachtaskasachallengetheymustovercomealone.____32__

__Somepeoplefightlazinessbyremovingthetemptationsthatsurroundthem.Atelevisioninthelivingroommayprovideentertainment

,butwatchingtoomuchTVoftencontributestolaziness.____33____Completeafewtasksandentertainyourselfwithwhatyouenjoy,suchas

agooddinnerorafilm.Lazinesscanalsobealastingproblemathome.Couplesandchildrenmayallhavedifferentenergylevels,butlazi

nesscanbespreadifnotdealtwithimmediately.____34____Bethefirsttocollectandwashdishesafterameal.Othersinthehomemayeventu

allyfollowyourexampleandperformtheirowntask.Itisdifficulttopracticelazinesswhenyouaresurroundedbymotivatedpeople.____35

____Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanhelpyoutodevelopahealthylifestyle,thusenablingyoutohavemoreenergya

ndhelpliftyourspirits.A．Lazinessappearswhenyounolongerfeelinchargeofyourownmind.B．Tofightfamilylaziness,seta

nexample.C．Knowinghowtofightlazinessisimportant.D．Doingsportsregularlycanhelpyoufightlaziness.E．Onewaytofightlaz

inessistogetagoodnight’srest.F．Withapositiveattitude,youwillbeabletoachieveyourgoal.G．Createarewardsystemfor

yourself,justasparentsdoforthechildren.【答案】31．E32．A33．G34．B35．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些克服懒惰的方法。31．根据后文“Manypeoplelac

ksleepconstantly,sincetheystayuptoolateandgetuptooearlytoprepareforwork.Thesepeoplehavelittlemotivationoncetheyar

rivehome.Byadjustingyoursleepscheduletoprovideafewmorehoursofmeaningfulrest,youcanfightlazinessthroughouttheday.(许多人经

常缺乏睡眠，因为他们熬夜过晚，无法早起准备工作。这些人一旦回到家就没有什么动力了。通过调整你的睡眠时间表，提供几个小时重要的休息，你可以战胜一整天的懒惰)”可知，本段讲关于克服懒惰的方法是要获得充足的睡眠，E选项Onewaytofightlazinessistogetagoodnight

’srest.(对抗懒惰的一个方法是好好休息一晚)符合文意，其中sleep与后文对应。故选E项。32．根据上文“Anotherwaytofightlazinessistochangeyourmindfrompassivetoactiv

e.Somepeopletreattheirlivesasiftheywerepushedfromtasktotask.Otherstakeamoreproactiveapproach,viewingeachtaskasachallengetheym

ustovercomealone.(另一种战胜懒惰的方法是把思想从被动转变为主动。有些人对待自己的生活就好像是被迫从一个任务推到另一个任务。另一些人则采取更积极主动的方法，将每项任务视为他们必须独自克服的挑战)”可知，本段主要讲克服懒惰的方法是变被动为主动

，也就是说，要主动掌握生活，A项Lazinessappearswhenyounolongerfeelinchargeofyourownmind.(当你不再能掌控自己的思想时，懒惰就会出现)切题。该项与上文构成转折关系，其中yourownmind与上文yourmind对应。故选A项。33．根据

后文“Completeafewtasksandrewardyourselfwithwhatyouenjoy,suchasagooddinnerorafilm.(完成一些任务，用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，比如一

顿美餐或一场电影)”可知，后文提到了用自己喜欢的东西奖励自己，说明克服懒惰的方法是给予自己奖励，而G项Createarewardsystemforyourself,justasparentsdoforthechildren.(为自

己建立一个奖励制度，就像父母为孩子做的那样)符合语境，其中Createarewardsystemforyourself对应后文中rewardyourself。故选G项。34．根据上文“Lazinesscanalsobealastingproblemathome.Couple

sandchildrenmayallhavedifferentenergylevels,butlazinesscanbespreadifnotdealtwithimmediately.(懒惰在家里也是一个长期存在的问题。夫妻和孩子的精力可能各不相同，但如果不立即

处理，懒惰会蔓延开来)”以及后文“Bethefirsttocollectandwashdishesafterameal.Othersinthehomemayeventuallyfollowyourexampleandperformtheirow

ntask.Itisdifficulttopracticelazinesswhenyouaresurroundedbymotivatedpeople.(饭后要第一个收拾碗碟。家里的其他人最终可能会以你为榜样，完成他们自己的任务。当你周

围都是干劲十足的人时，很难养成懒惰的习惯)”可知，本段主要是关于如何克服家庭懒惰，上文提到懒惰蔓延，后文则提到了要树立榜样，而B项Tofightfamilylaziness,setanexample.(为了对抗家庭懒惰，要树立榜样

)符合语境，其中family对应上文中athome。故选B项。35．根据后文“Enoughexerciseandabalanceddietcanhelpyoutodevelopahealthylifestyle,thusenablingyout

ohavemoreenergyandhelpliftyourspirits.(足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而使你有更多的精力，并帮助你振作精神)”可知，本段主要说明的是通过锻炼来克服懒惰，D选项Doingsportsregularlycanhelpyoufightl

aziness.(经常锻炼可以帮助你战胜懒惰)符合文意，其中Doingsports对应后文中Enoughexercise。故选D项。8.【广东省顺德区普通高中2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量检测】S

ometimes,youjusthavetoletitallout.Thereismuchtocomplainaboutthesedays.Venting(发泄)canbecomfortable,bondingandevenproductive.Whoneedstoxicpositivity(毒

鸡汤)whenyoucanunloadyourwayforward?____31____Complaintothewrongpersonandyourhurtfeelingsandminorcomplaintbecometeamgossip.Complaintoooftena

ndyou’llaffectthewholeofficewithyourcomplaints,makingyourco-workerstoventaboutyou.Suddenly,you’reintrouble.There’sarightwaytoblowo

ffsteam.Ifyoumustairyourannoyances,dosocarefullyandconsciously.Don’tventtoyourboss,ortocolleaguesbelowyouintheorganization.Thatwilljustspa

rkfightingbetweenteams.____32____Thispersonshouldnotbeinvolvedinthesituationthatbothersyou.Yourcomplaintshou

ldbecentredaroundyourself.____33____Keepyourcommentsaboutco-workersandbossesobjective.Forexample,insteadofs

aying,“Bobwasrude,”notethatBobinterruptedyou,andthatmadeyoufeellikehedoesn’thaveconfidenceinyourwork.____34____Anythingwrittenwillalwaysberisk

y.Playitsafeandtryventingtoyourselffirstinavoicememo.Yellintoyourphone.Playitbackprivately.Askyourself,“DoIsoundridiculous?”The

nhitdelete.Iusedtocomplainabouteverythingonmysocial-mediaaccounts.Itreateditlikeadiary.Ikeptgettinginvolvedinonlinearguments.____35____Exp

osingmydeepestemotionstostrangersonlyraisedmyanger.Iquitsocialmedia.Irediscoveredthejoyofscreaminginmybedroomandscrawling(乱涂乱画)inajournal.There’savis

ceral(发自肺腑的)feelingoftheangertranslatingoutthroughmyhands.A．Picksomeoneyoutrust.B．Focusonhowyou’refeelin

g.C．Ventingcanberisky,though.D．Keepitoff-screenifyoucan.E．Pretendeverythingissunny.F．IrealizedIfeltmorenega

tiveemotions.G．Therearetimeswhenonlyaventwilldo.【答案】31．C32．A33．B34．D35．F【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍几条发泄的方式和需要注意的方面。31．根据下文“Complaintothewrongper

sonandyourhurtfeelingsandminorcomplaintbecometeamgossip.Complaintoooftenandyou’llaffectthewholeofficewithyourcomplaints,ma

kingyourco-workerstoventaboutyou.Suddenly,you’reintrouble.”(向错误的人抱怨，你受伤的感觉和轻微的抱怨会成为团队的闲话。抱怨太多，你的抱怨会影响整个办公室，让你的

同事为你发泄。突然间，你遇到了麻烦。)可知，这一段主要讲述向错误的人抱怨的坏处。选项C“不过，发泄可能有风险。”和下文意思一致。故选C。32．根据上文“Don’tventtoyourboss,ortocolleaguesbelowyouintheorga

nization.Thatwilljustsparkfightingbetweenteams.”(不要向你的老板或组织中低于你的同事发泄。这只会引发团队之间的争斗。)和下文“Thispersonshou

ldnotbeinvolvedinthesituationthatbothersyou.”(这个人不应该卷入困扰你的情况。)可知，这里作者是在对要抱怨的对象的选择做出的建议。选项A“选择你信任的人。”和上下文意思一致。故选A。33．根据上文“Yourcomplain

tshouldbecentredaroundyourself.”(你的抱怨应该围绕你自己。)可知，这里作者是在建议抱怨的时候要多关注自己的感受。选项B“关注你的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选B。34．根据下文“Anythingw

rittenwillalwaysberisky.Playitsafeandtryventingtoyourselffirstinavoicememo.Yellintoyourphone.Playitbackprivately.Askyourself,“DoIsoundri

diculous?”Thenhitdelete.”(写任何东西都是有风险的。安全起见，试着先在语音备忘录中向自己发泄。对着你的手机大喊大叫。私下播放。问问自己，“我听起来很可笑吗？”然后点击删除。)可知，作者在这一段建议抱怨发泄之后

不要留下任何痕迹。选项D“如果可以的话，把它放在屏幕外。”和下文意思一致。故选D。35．根据下文“Exposingmydeepestemotionstostrangersonlyraisedmyanger.”(向陌生人表达我最深的情感只会激起我的

愤怒。)可知，向陌生人表达真实的情感会产生负面情绪。选项F“我意识到我感觉到更多的负面情绪。”和下文意思一致。故选F。