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课时作业(四)Unit2SectionⅠWelcometotheunit&ReadingⅠ.阅读理解AMakingsmalltalkisdefinitelyanart,buttheupsideisthatthe

moreyoudoit,thebetteryou'llbeatit.Findingtherighttopicstobringupisjustasimportantastheease(自在)inwhichyouconverse.Positivenewsitems.Thesetopics

aretimelyyetpositiveandcanusuallybediscussedwithstrangersorestablishedfriends.Thereasonwhythesetopicsworki

sthatbytheirverynaturetheygiveyouopportunitiesinwhichtogrowyourconversation.Thingsgoingonaroundyou.Commentingontheeventsright

beforeyoureyesisaneasywaytomakesmalltalk,butbesuretolookforcluesintheresponsesyougetthatwillmovetheconversationforward.Ju

stsayingsomethinglike“Greatevent,huh？”willpromptaone­wordresponse(yesorno)andthereforewillstall(使停止)theconversation.As

kquestionsasyouobservethepeopleandactivitiesgoingonandyou'llhaveabettertimefindingcommonground.Forexample,“Isn'tthis

agreatevent?Wecomehereeveryyear,sinceourkidswerelittle.Whataboutyou?Whatbringsyouhere？”Thesequestionsgivesomefactsaboutyouthatth

elistenerscanpickuponandalsoinvitethemtosharemoreaboutthemselves.Awordabouttheweather.Byfar,peopletalkabou

ttheweathermorethananyothertopicwhentheycan'tthinkofanythingelsetosay.Whiletheweatherisgenerallyabadtopicforsm

alltalk,youcanmakeitbetterbyaddingdetail.Themainthingtokeepinmindwithsmalltalkisthatpracticemakesper

fect.Themoreyoudoit,theeasieritwillbetofindtopicsthatworkoutwell.1．What'sthefirstparagraph'sfunction?A．To

giveacomment.B．Tointroducethebackground.C．Toleadinthetopicofthepassage.D．Tostresstheimportanceofsmalltalk.2

．Whydopositivenewsitemsalwayswork?A．Theygiveyoucourage.B．Theygiveyouconfidence.C．Theymakeyoufeelhappyeveryday.D．Theygivey

ouchancestostartyourconversation.3．Theunderlinedword“prompt”inParagraph3canbereplacedby“________”．A．spendB．reduceC．preventD．cause4．What'stheb

estwaytomakesuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtotheauthor?A．Bypractisingoften.B．Bypraisingothersatfirstsight.C．Byaddingdetailwhilemakingsmalltalk.D．B

yaskingquestionsasyouobservetheactivitiesgoingon.BHowthelanguagesoftheworldappearedislargelyamystery.Consideri

ngthatitmighthavetakenthousandsofyears,itisattractivetoseehowdeafpeoplecancreatenovelsignlanguagesspontaneously.Inter

estingly,childrenplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthesenovellanguages.However,howexactlythishappenedhasnotbeendocumented.I

naseriesofstudies,researchersattemptedtorecreateexactlythisprocess.Childrenwereinvitedtostayintwodifferentroomsandanon

lineconnectionwassetupbetweenthem.Afterabrieffamiliarizationwiththeset­up,theresearcherssneakily(偷偷地)turnedoffthesounda

ndwatchedasthechildrenfoundnewwaysofcommunicatingthatgobeyondspokenlanguage.Thechildren'staskwastodescribeanimagewithdifferentth

emesinaco­ordination(协调)game.Withaconcretething—likeahammerorafork—childrenquicklyfoundasolutionbyim

itatingthematchingaction,forexample,eating,inagesture.Buttheresearchersrepeatedlychallengedthechildrenwithnew,moreabstractpictures.Inthecourseofthest

udies,theimagestobedescribedbecamemoreandmorecomplex,whichwasalsoreflectedinthegesturesthatthechildrenpro

duced.Inordertocommunicate,thechildreninventedseparategesturesandbegantocombinethem—thuscreatingakindofsmalllocalgrammar.Howdoesa

languagecomeintobeing?Basedonthepresentstudies,thefollowingstepsappearreasonable.First,peoplecreatereferencetoactionsandobjectsth

roughsignsthatresemblethings.Thepreconditionforthisisacommongroundofexperiencebetweeninteractionpartners.Partnersalsoco­ordinateb

yimitatingeachothersothattheyusethesamesignsforthesamethings.Thesignsthusgaininterpersonalandeventuallyconventionalmeaning.

Overtime,therelationshipsbetweenthesignsandthingsbecomemoreabstractandthemeaningoftheindividualsignsbecomesmorespecific.Grammat

icalstructuresaregraduallyintroducedwhenthereisaneedtocommunicatecomplexfacts.However,themostremarkableaspectofthecur

rentstudiesisthattheseprocessescanbeobservedundercontrolledcircumstancesandwithin30minutes.5．Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexpe

riment?A．Bymakingthecommunicationintotalsilence.B．Byinferringandcopyingthedocumentedmaterials.C．Byobservingchildrencomm

unicatingfacetoface.D．Bylisteningsecretlytothecommunicationofchildren.6．Whatshouldchildrendointhestudies?A．Showhowtododifferentthingswith

differenttools.B．Takeseveraloralexaminationsinlanguages.C.Describethingstootherswithoutspokenlanguages.D

．Namesomeabstractobjectswhichtheyhaveneverseen.7．Whatistheprocessofcreatingalanguage?A．Signs→Acceptedmeaning→Interpersonalmeaning→LanguageB．

Interpersonalmeaning→Acceptedmeaning→Signs→LanguageC．Acceptedmeaning→Interpersonalmeaning→Signs→LanguageD．Signs→Interpersonalme

aning→Acceptedmeaning→Language8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thedevelopmentofnovelsignlanguages.B．Theformationoflanguages.C．Therolechildrenplay

increatinglanguages.D．Thecircumstancesoflanguagesbeingused.Ⅱ.完形填空Myfatherwasraisedinapoorfamilywithoutafath

er.Thefamilyoffivestruggledhardto__1__，whichcausedmyfathertobeextremely__2__withhismoney.Whenwechildren—twoolderbrothers

andmyself—askedhimforspendingmoney,hisfaceturnedcold,saying“Ifyouareoldenoughtoask,youareoldenoughto__3__”.Sowhenthene

ed__4__，wetriedtoseekjobsintheneighbourhoodorsellproducefromthegarden.Hisattitudedidn't__5__aswegrewintoadul

thoodandwenttojobsorcollege.Sincenoneofushadacar,wehadtotakethebuswheneverwecamehome.Thoughthebusstoppedabo

uttwomilesfromhome,fathernevermetus,eveninfierceweather.Ifsomeone__6__，hewouldsay,“That'swhatyourlegsa

refor！”Forme,thewalkdidn'tbothermeasmuchasthefearofwalkingalonealongthehighwayandcountryroads.Ialsofeltt

hatmyfatherdidn'tseemconcernhimselfaboutmysafety.Thatfeeling__7__onespringevening.Ithadbeenanextremely__8__weekatcollege.Testsandlonghoursinla

bshadleftme__9__.Ilongedforhomeandasoftbed.Asotherstudentsweremetattheirstops,Igazed__10__outofthewindow.Finally,thebusstoppedatmydestinat

ion.I__11__andwalkedhomewithmyluggage.Arowofhedge(树篱)wasalongthedrivewaythatclimbedthehilltoourhouse.Onc

eIturnedoffthehighwayandsawthehedge,Iwasalways__12__becauseitmeantthatIwasalmosthome.Onthatparticularevening,thehedgehadjustco

meinto__13__whenIsawa(n)__14__movingtowardsthehousealongthetopofthehedge.Uponcloser__15__，Irealizeditwasmyfather.ThenIknew—eachtimeIc

amehome,hestoodbehindthehedge,watchinguntilheknewIhadarrivedsafely.Iswallowedhardagainstthetears.Hed

idcare,afterall.1．A.adjustB．surviveC．existD．desire2．A.gentleB．generousC．meanD．mild3．A.worryB．spendC．earnD．print4．A.ur

gedB．aroseC．passedD．counted5．A.approveB．changeC．arrangeD．concentrate6．A.hesitatedB．complainedC．questionedD．suspe

cted7．A.remainedB．continuedC．disappearedD．erupted8．A.colourfulB．wonderfulC．stressfulD．sorrowful9．A.exhaustedB．embarras

sedC．ashamedD．scared10．A.happilyB．eagerlyC．curiouslyD．crazily11．A.steppedoffB．setoutC．cameupD．squeezedout12．A.terrifiedB．inspiredC．aston

ishedD．relieved13．A.effectB．lifeC．beingD．view14．A.figureB．imageC．sculptureD．character15．A.examinationB

．inspectionC．preparationD．observation