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考点10--推理判断之写作态度--练高考--心中有数1.2021年新高考I卷之D篇Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmi

sunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson'smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQte

st,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemoti

onalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.We

prefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunder

standhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionall

yintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearc

hcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneedede

mphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceh

ashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoug

hthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinth

escientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeop

lemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightd

irection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesa

setofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclari

fyaconcept.C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintellige

nce?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.

Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】本文是一

篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。【32题】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosom

eofthesequalities(研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。故选D项。【33题】推理判断题。通过文章第二段“Theabilitytoaccuratelyund

erstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpot

entialvictims.(医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。

故选B项。【34题】推理判断题。通过文章第三段“theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.…Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligenceha

shelpedboththepublicandresearchers(宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情

商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。【35题】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethat

incomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivesfromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.(我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学

和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。2.（2021·北京）Irememberthedayduringourfirst

weekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintr

oducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.Myfirstimpressionoftheorgani

zationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then，anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetails，whichsomewhatinterestedme.Afte

rdoingsomeresearch，Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfaceswere

sopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedto

collectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible，andmakethemintokits——onekit，onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday，whenalltheeffo

rtsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenIsawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected，ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybein

thehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths，IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits，Irealize

dthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.IhadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasanotherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgrad

eon.Whenthekitswerecompleted，andreadytobesentoverseas，thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning，Idaredmyselftomakeadifferencein

thelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，butten.Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowb

eabletofurthertheireducation.64.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning？A.Itwouldaffecthis/herin

itialplans.B.Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.C.Itwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.D.Itwouldnotliveuptohi

s/herexpectations.65.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis/herattitudetowardtheproject？A.ImagesofIraqichildren.B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.At

eacher'sintroduction.D.Arepresentative'scomments.66.Theauthor'sOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrent

o________..A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren67.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage？A.One'sp

otentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.B.Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Hewhohesitatesislost.【答案与解析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认

为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。64.细节理解题。根据第一段“Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatne

ededourhelp，mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtoma

keenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可

知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。65.细节理解题。根据第二段“WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite，IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.Theirfacesw

eresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.”（当我上网访问OIC网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸

上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。66.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife，bu

tten.Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育

。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。67.推理判断题。根据第一段“Myfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtoma

keenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“Inthebeginning，Idaredmyse

lftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover，IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyone

life，butten.Withourefforts，tenyoungboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我

不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第

一印象不总是可信的。故选B。3.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之C篇Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinju

ries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatthe

SummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.Butthesport’srule

srequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesra

cewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemSta

teUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourw

ouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabou

t1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroun

dwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwi

theachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformd

oesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthespor

t.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.

Ittakessomepractice.28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarath

on.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorep

opularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjur

ies.30.WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C

.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewa

lking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。2

8.细节理解题。根据第二段“Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontactwit

hthegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。29.细

节理解题。根据最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖

，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。30.细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirs

tconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A项。31.推理判断题。根据

第一段“Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,howe

ver,haveitsownproblem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。4.2018年北京卷之D篇PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossib

ilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefuture

isapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivi

ngcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompani

estooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn’tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingt

heirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyha

sthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregul

ated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-driving

vehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesure

thatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithd

riverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheyc

anwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointment

andsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendthe

self-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresea

rchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworld

widewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)an

doperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedby

ride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题)

.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.Policymake

rsshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsys

temwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,and

moreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaid

tohowdriverlesscarscan__________.A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenviro

nmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor’smajorconcern?A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Managem

ent.49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂fielded＂inParagraph4probablymean?A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.50.Wh

atistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.【文章大意】本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发

展前景和面临的问题。47.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersa

lsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.可知，政

策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞，减少尾气排放，提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择，由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通有关的问题。故选A。48.D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段Buthoweverlongittakes,t

hetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.可知，不管花多长时间，这项技

术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我们的城市，不管是好是坏，这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范，再根据文章最后一句话Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.可知，我们需要为其做好计划，故作者的主要关

注点是对这种转变的管理规范，故选D。49.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride

-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).可知，鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护问题，

无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A.Employed被应用；B.Replaced被取代；C.Shared被分享；D.Reduced被减少。故选A。50.B【解析】观点态度题。根据文章最后一段Thecomingtechn

ologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutu

reiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.中的advancement，movemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.以及planforit可推知，作者是积极的态度。故选B。5.2018年浙江卷之C篇Asculturalsymbolsgo,theA

mericancarisquiteyoung.TheModelTFordwasbuiltatthePiquettePlantinMichiganacenturyago,withthefirstrollingofftheassemblyline（装

配线）onSeptember27,1908.Onlyelevencarswereproducedthenextmonth.ButeventuallyHenryFordwouldbuildfifteenmillionofthem.ModernAmericawasbornonther

oad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formo

stofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Theroadnovel,theroadmovie,thesearethemosttyp

icalAmericanideas,bornofabundantpetrol,cheapcarsandanever-endinginterstatehighwaysystem,thelargestpub

licworksprojectinhistory.In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith“achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage.”Sincethen,thissocietyhasmoved

onward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsocietyintoanindustrialpower.ThecarsthatdrovetheAm

ericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.InAmericathedemandforoilhasgrownby22percentsince1990.T

heproblemsofexcessive（过度的）energyconsumption,climatechangeandpopulationgrowthhavebeendescribedinabookbytheAmericanwrit

erThomasL.Friedman.Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）isachancetokeepAmericanstrength.“Theabilitytode

sign,buildandexportgreentechnologiesforproducingcleanwater,cleanairandhealthyandabundantfoodisgoingtobethecurrencyofpowerin

thenewcentury.”28.Whyishamburgermentionedinparagraph2?A.ToexplainAmericans’lovefortravellingbycar.B.Toshowtheinflu

enceofcarsonAmericanculture.C.TostressthepopularityoffastfoodwithAmericans.D.TopraisetheeffectivenessofAmerica’sroads

ystem.29.WhathastheuseofcarsinAmericaledto?A.Declineofeconomy.B.Environmentalproblems.C.Ashortageofoilsupply.D.Afarm-basedsociety.30.WhatisFriedman’s

attitudetowardsAmerica’sfuture?A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful.D.Tolerant.【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。28

.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture

:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子

是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。29.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段ThecarsthatdrovetheAmericanDreamhavehelpedtocreateaglobalecologicaldisaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难

。故选B。30.C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Hefearstheworst,buthopesforthebest.和最后一段中的Friedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomy（经济）is

achancetokeepAmericanstrength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。6.（2015年，重庆卷）Atthirteen,Iwasdiag

nosed(诊断)withakindofattentiondisorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks,Icouldnot

.Inmyfirstliteratureclass,Mrs.Smithaskedustoreadastoryandtheirwriteonit,allwithin45minutes.Iraisedmyhandrightawayandsaid,“Mrs.Smith,yousee,t

hedoctorsaidIhaveattentionproblems.Imightnotbeabletodoit.”Sheglanceddownatmethroughherglasses,“youarenotdi

fferentfromyourclassmates,youngman.”Itried,butIdidn’tfinishthereadingwhenthebellrang.Ihadtotakeithomie.Inthe

quietnessofmybedroom;the‘storysuddenlyallbecamecleartome.Itwasaboutablindperson,LouisBraille.Helivedinatimewhentheblindcouldn’tgetmucheduca

tion.ButLouisdidn’tgiveup.Instead,heinventedareadingsystemofraisedots(点),whichopenedupawholenewworldofknowledgeto

theblind.Wasn’tIthe“blind”inmyclass;beingmadetolearnlikethe“sighted”students?Mythoughtsspilledout(溢出)andmypenstartedtodance

.Icompletedthetaskwithin40minutes.Indeed,Iwasnotdifferentfromothers;Ijustneededaquieterplace:IfLouiscouldfindhi

s“Wayoutofhisproblems,whyshouldIevergiveup?”Ididn’texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith,soitwasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebac

kto‘methenextday-.withan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:.“Seewhatyoucandowhenyoukeeptrying?”1.Theauthordid

n’tfinishthereadinginclassbecause.A.HewasnewtotheclassB.HewastriedofliteratureC.HehadanattentiondisorderD.

Hewantedtotakethetaskhome2.WhatdoweknowaboutLouisBraillefromthepassage?A.HehadgoodsightB.Hemadeagreatinvention.C.Hegaveupread

ingD.Helearnedalotfromschool3.WhatwasMrs.Smith’sattitudetotheauthorattheendofthestory?A.AngryB.Impat

ientC.SympatheticD.Encouraging4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thedisabledshouldbetreatedwithrespect.B.Ateacherca

nopenupanewworldtostudents.C.Onecanfindhiswayoutofdifficultieswithefforts.D.Everyoneneedsahandwhenfacedwithchallenges.【答案】1.C2.B3.D4.C【解

析】作者患上了注意力障碍症，无法完成老师布置的作业，但在老师的鼓励下，通过自己的努力完成了任务，得到了A，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。1.C细节理解题。根据文章第一段Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed（诊断）withkindofattentiondi

sorder.Itmadeschooldifficultforme.Wheneveryoneelseintheclasswasfocusingontasks,Icouldnot.可知我患了注意力障碍症，无法集中注意力于某件事情。所以

我无法在课堂上集中注意力完成老师布置的阅读任务。故C项正确。2.A细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句Instead,heinventedareadingsystemofraiseddots(点),whichopenedupawho

lenewworldofknowledgetotheblind.可知他为盲人发明出一种方法进行阅读。故A项正确。3.D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Ididn’texpectanythingwhenIhandedinmypapertoMrs.Smith,soit

wasquiteasurprisewhenitcamebacktomethenextdaywithan“A”onit.Atthebottomofthepaperwerethesewords:“Seewhaty

oucandowhenyoukeeptrying?”可知最后作者的文章得到了A等级，受到了老师的表扬。作者感觉到很受鼓舞。故D项正确。4.D主旨大意题。作者患上了注意力障碍症，在课堂上无法集中注意力，无法完成老师布置的作业。但在老师的鼓励下，他克服了困难，通过自己的努力完成了任务，

得到了A，受到了老师的表扬。这说明通过努力，我们可以找到克服困难的方法。故D项正确。7.（2014年，山东卷）Onemorning,Ann’sneighborTracyfoundalostdogwanderingaround

thelocalelementaryschool.SheaskedAnnifshecouldkeepaneyeonthedog.Annsaidthatshecouldwatchitonlyforthed

ay.Tracytookphotosofthedogandprintedoff400FOUNDfliers(传单),andputtheminmailboxes.Meanwhile,Annwenttothedollarstore

andboughtsomepetsupplies,warninghertwosonsnottofallinlovewiththedog.Atthetime,Ann’ssonThomaswas10yearsold,and

Jack,whowasrecoveringfromaheartoperation,was21yearsold.FourdayslaterAnnwasstilllookingafterthedog,whomtheyhadstartedtocallRiley.Whenshear

rivedhomefromwork,thedogthrewitselfagainstthescreendoorandbarkedmadlyather.Assoonassheopenedthedoor,Rileydashedintotheboys’roo

mwhereAnnfoundJacksufferingfromaheartattack.RileyranovertoJack,butassoonasAnnbentovertohelphimthedogwe

ntsilent.“Ifithadn’tcometogetme,thedoctorsaidJackwouldhavedied,”Annreportedtoalocalnewspaper.Atthispoint,noonehadcalledtoclaimthedog

,soAnndecidedtokeepit.ThenextmorningTracygotacall.AmannamedPeterrecognizedhislostdogandcalledthenumberontheflier.Tracystartedcrying,andtoldhim,

“Thatdogsavedmyfriend’sson.”PeterdrovetoAnn’shousetopickuphisdog,andsawThomasandJackcryinginthewindow.Af

terafewmomentsPetersaid,“MaybeOdiewassupposedtofindyou,maybeyoushouldkeepit.”1.WhatdidTracydoafterfindingthedog?A.Shelookedfor

itsownerB.ShegaveittoAnnasagift.C.Shesoldittothedollarstore.D.Sheboughtsomefoodforit.2.HowdidthedoghelpsaveJack?A.BybreakingthedoorforA

nn.B.ByleadingAnntoJack’sroom.C.BydraggingJackoutoftheroom.D.ByattendingJackwhenAnnwasout.3.WhatwasAn

n’sattitudetothedogaccordingtoParagraph4?A.SympatheticB.DoubtfulC.TolerantD.Grateful4.ForwhatpurposedidPetercallTracy?A.Tohelpherfriend’sso

n.B.TointerviewTracyC.Totakebackhisdog.D.Toreturnthefliertoher.5.Whatcanweinferaboutthedogfromthelastparagraph?A.Itwould

begiventoOdie.B.ItwouldbekeptbyAnn5family.C.ItwouldbereturnedtoPeter.D.ItwouldbetakenawaybyTracy.【答案】1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一天

，Tracy在当地学校附近捡到一只流浪狗，把它交代给邻居Ann照顾，自己去找狗的主人。Ann答应只照顾这只狗一天。结果在没找到狗主人之前Ann和她的两个儿子一直照顾这只狗而且很快喜欢上了它。Ann的大儿子有心脏病，多亏了这只狗帮Ann及时救了她儿子，所以当狗主人来认领狗时全家人都舍不得它走。最

终，狗留在了Ann家里，成为家庭一员。1.A考查细节理解。根据第二段开头句子“Tracytookphotosofthedogandprintedoff400FOUNDfliers…”可知，Tracy照了狗的照片，印了400张传单。这都是为了找到狗的主人。故选A。2.B考查判断推理。根据第三段

句子“Whenshearrivedhome…whereAnnfoundJack…”可以推断，狗Riley是通过向Ann狂叫并领Ann进入Jack的房间让Ann发现Jack犯了心脏病从而及时救了Jack的。故选B。3.D考查判断推理。根据第四段Ann跟报社说的

话，“Ifithadn’t…”,如果不是狗领着Ann找到Jack，Jack可能就死了。也就是狗救了Jack的命，所以可以推断Ann对狗很感激，感激它救了她儿子的命。故选D。4.C考查细节理解。根据第五段句子“AmannamedPeterrecognizedhislostdog…”可知，Pet

er给Tracy打电话的目的是为了领回他丢失的狗。故选C。5.B考查判断推理。根据最后一段Peter去Ann家里领回他的狗时看到的场景“sawThomasandJackcrying…”及他说说的话“Maybe…youshouldkeepit.”可以推断，狗最终是留着

了Ann家里。故选B。8.（2012年，安徽卷）WhenKate'spaintingswereonshowinLondon，apoetdescribedherpaintingsas“aribbon(丝带）aroundabomb”.SuchcommentsseemtosuggestKateh

adabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime.Sadly，sheisactually_________todaythanshewasduringhertime.Bornin

1907inavillagenearMexicoCity，Katesufferedfrompolio（小儿麻痹症）attheageofseven.Herspine(脊柱)becamebentasshegrewolder.Then，in1925

，herbackwasbrokeninseveralplacesinaschool-busaccident.Throughouttherestofherlife，theartisthadmanyoperations，butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepai

ninherback.However，theaccidenthadanunexpectedsideeffect.Whilelyinginherbedrecovering，Katetaughtherselftopaint.In1929，shegotmar

riedtoDiegoRivera，anotherfamousMexicanartist.Rivera'sstronginfluencesonKate'sstylecanbeseeninherearlyworks，butherlaterworksfrom

the1940s，knowntodayasherbestworks，showlessinfluencefromherhusband.Unfortunately，herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand1940s，eveninherhomec

ountry.Herfirstone-womanshowinMexicowasnothelduntil1953.Formorethanadecadeafterherdeathin1954，Kate'sworksremainedlargelyunnoticedbytheworld，butint

he1970sherworksbegantogaininternationalfameatlast.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“amuchbiggername”inparagraph1mostprobably

mean?A.Afarbetterartist.B.Afarmoregiftedartist.C.Amuchstrongerperson.D.Amuchmorefamousperson.2.TheterriblepainKatesufferedwasca

usedby.A.polioB.herbentspineC.backinjuriesD.theoperationsshehad3.Kate'sstylehadbecomeincreasinglyindependentsin

cethe.A.1930sB.1940sC.1950sD.1970s4.Whatisauthor'sattitudetowardKate?A.Devotion.B.Sympathy.C.Worry.D.Enc

ouragement.【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.B【解析】文章介绍了画家FridaKahlo，小时候的残疾加上后来的事故给她带来了伤痛，但是还是自学绘画，后来绘画风格受到丈夫的影响，但是没有失去自己的特点，虽然当时没有受到关注，但是

现在她的艺术成就受到广泛的认可。1.猜词题：根据第一段的最后一句话：Sadly,sheisactuallyamuchbiggernametodaythanshewasduringhertime.（可惜的是，相比于她所处的时

代，在如今她有着：更大的名气），和前面的句子：SuchcommentsseemtosuggestKahlohadabiginfluenceontheartworldofhertime可知amuchbiggername意

思是：amuchmorefamousperson选D。2.细节题：从第二段的句子：Throughouttherestofherlife,theartisthadmanyoperations,butnothingwasabletocuretheterriblepaininherback.

可知她遭遇的巨大的疼痛都是由背部的疼痛造成的，选C3.归纳推理题。根据第三段的句子：“butherlaterworksfromthe1940s,knowntodayasherbestworks,showlessinfluencefromherhusband.

”可知，在20世纪40年代，Kahlo的风格更加独立了，得出答案B。4.归纳推理题。根据最后一段中“Unfortunately,herworksdidnotattractmuchattentioninthe1930sand

1940s,eveninherhomecountry.不幸的是，她的作品并没有收到太多的关注，即使是在自己的祖国，可见作者对她的态度是同情的，选B。9.（2013年，浙江卷）In1974,afterfillin

goutfiftyapplications,goingthroughfourinterviews,andwinningoneoffer,ItookwhatIcouldget-----ateachingjobatwhatIconsideredadistantwil

darea:westernNewJersey.MycharacteristicoptimismwasaliveonlywhenIremindedmyselfthatIwouldbedoingwhatIhadwant

edtodosinceIwasfourteen-------teachingEnglish.Schoolstarted,butIfeltmoreandmoreasifIwereinaforeigncountry.WasthisruralareareallyNewJersey?Mystudent

stookaweekoffwhenhuntingseasonbegan.IwastoldtheywerealsofrequentlyabsentinlateOctobertohelptheirfathersmakehayonthefarms.Iwasayoungwom

anfromNewYorkCity,whothoughtthat“Makehaywhilethesunshines”justmeanttohaveagoodtime.But,still,IwasteachingE

nglish.Iworkedhard,takingtimeoffonlytoeatandsleep.Andthentherewasmysixth-gradeclass----seventeenboysandfivegirlswhowe

reonlysixyearsyoungerthanme.IhadaproblemlongbeforeIknewit.Iwasstrugglinginmyworkasayoungidealisticteacher.Iwantedtom

akeliteraturecomealiveandtopromotealoveofthewrittenword.Thestudentswantedtothrowspitballsandwhisperdirtywordsinthebackofth

eroom.IncollegeIhadbeentaughtthatasuccessfuleducatorshouldignorebadbehavior.SoIdid,confidentthat,asthetextbookhadsaid,thebadbe

haviorwoulddisappearasIgavemystudentspositiveattention.Itsoundsreasonable,butthetextevidentlyignoredthefactthathumans,particularlytee

nagers,rarelyseemsreasonable.Bythetimemyboss,whowasalsomytaskmaster,knowntobethestrictest,mostdemanding,mostquicktofireinexperien

cedteachers,cameintotheclassroomtoobserveme,thestudentsexhibitedverylittlegoodbehaviortopraise.Mybosssatinthebackoftheroom.Theboysintheclass

weremakinganimalnoises,hittingeachotherwhilethegirlsfiledtheirnailsorreadmagazines.Ijustpretendeditallwasn’thappening

,andwentonlecturingandtriedtoasksomeinspiringquestions.Myboss,sittinginthebackoftheclassroom,seemedtobegrowingbiggerandbigger.Aftertwentyminuteshelef

t,silently.Visionsofunemploymentmarchedbeforemyeyes.IfeltmildlyvictoriousthatIgotthroughtherestofclasswithoutcryin

g,butatmynextfreeperiodIhadtofacehim.Iwonderedifhewouldletmefinishouttheday.Iwalkedtohisoffice,tookadeepbreath,andopenedthedoor.Hewassittinginhisc

hair,andhelookedatmelongandhard.Isaidnothing.AllIcouldthinkofwasthatIwasnotanEnglishteacher;Ihadbeenlyingtomyself,pretendingthatevery

thingwasfine.Whenhespoke,hesaidsimply,withoutaccusation,“Youhadnothingtosaytothem.”“Youhadnothingtosaytothem”.h

erepeated.”Nowondertheyarebored.Whynotgettothemeatofliteratureandstoptalkingaboutsymbolism.Talkwitht

hem,notatthem.Andmoreimportant,whydoyouignoretheirbadbehavior”?Wetalked.Henamedmyproblemsandofferedsolutions.Werole-pl

ayed.Hewasthebadstudent,andIwastheforceful,yet,warm,teacherAstheyearprogressed,wespentmanyhoursdiscussi

ngliteratureandideasabouthumanbeingsandtheirmotivations.Hehelpedmeidentifymyweaknessesandstrengths.Inshort,hemadeateacherofmebyteachingmethereal

ityofEmerson’swords:“Thesecrettoeducationliesinrespectingthepupil.”FifteenyearslaterIstilldrivethatsamewindi

ngroadtothesameschool.ThankstothehelpIreceivedthatdifficultfirstyear,theschoolismyhomenow.1.Itcanbeinfer

redfromthestorythatin1974________________.A.thewriterbecameanoptimisticpersonB.thewriterwasveryhappyabouthernewjobC.itw

asratherdifficulttogetajobintheUSAD.itwaseasytogetateachingjobinNewJersey2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingismostprobablythewriter’spro

blemasanewteacher?A.Shehadblindtrustinwhatshelearntatcollege.B.Shedidn’taskexperiencedteachersforadvice.C.Shetookt

oomuchtimeofftoeatandsleep.D.Shedidn’tliketeachingEnglishliterature.3.Whatisthewriter’sbiggestworryafterhertaskmaster’sobservationofhercla

ss?A.Shemightloseherteachingjob.B.Shemightloseherstudents’respect.C.Shecouldn’tteachthesameclassanymore.D.Shecouldn’tignoreherstudents’ba

dbehavioranymore.4.Whichofthefollowinggivesthewriterasenseofmildvictory?A.Hertalkaboutsymbolismsoundedconvincing.B.Herstudentsbehavedalittlebe

tterthanusual.C.Shemanagedtofinishtheclasswithoutcrying.D.Shewasinvitedforatalkbyherbossafterclass.5.Thestudentsbehavedbadlyinth

ewriter’sclassesbecauseA.Theywereeagertoembarrassher.B.Shedidn’treallyunderstandthem.C.Theydidn’tregardherasagoodteacher.D.Shedidn’thaveagoodcomma

ndofEnglish.6.Thetaskmaster’sattitudetowardsthewriterafterhisobservationofherclasscanbedescribedas_____

___________.A.cruelbutencouragingB.fiercebutforgivingC.sincereandsupportiveD.angryandaggressive【答案】1.C2.A3.A4

.C5.B6.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章描述的是作者工作第一年到偏远山区的一所学校执教的经历，当作者个人的执教理念和现实脱节时得到了上司的指点，对自己以后文学的教学起到了很大的影响。1.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句In1974,afterfillingoutfiftyapplicat

ions,goingthroughfourinterviews,andwinningoneoffer可知，作者是投了50份简历，经历了四次面试才得到这份工作的，可以推断出当时找工作很难，故选C。2.细节理解题。题干关键词为thewriter'spr

oblemasanewteacher，定位于第三第四段。第三段后半部分说我有个问题很久没意识到，我的教学理念和教学实际脱节，第四段又说大学里受到的教育对我影响很大，可知对大学知识的盲目自信正是她的问题所在，A项正确。B项的

内容在文中没有涉及，没有提到其他老师的存在，可排除；C项描述与第三段第一句Iworkedhard，takingtimeoffonlytoeatandsleep相矛盾；D项说作者不喜欢文学教学也与文中说作者对工作的执着和

热心相背。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句Aftertwentyminutesheleft,silently.Visionsofunemploymentmarchedbeforemyeyes可知负责人只听了20分钟就悄悄地离开了，我似乎看到了自己被解雇的情形以及下一段第二句话我不知道

他是否让我上完那天的课，由此可知作者怕丢掉来之不易的工作。故选A。4.细节理解题。根据第六段第一句IfeltmildlyvictoriousthatIgotthroughtherestofclasswithoutcrying,butatmynextfreeperiodIhadtof

acehim.Iwonderedifhewouldletmefinishouttheday可知作者能坚持平静地上完剩下的课程就已经是使她感到不容易的事情了。故选C。5.推理判断题。根据myboss的话，可知作者并没有真正的了解学生，懂学生，只是盲目的

使用学过的教育教学方法，所以应选B。6.推理判断题。根据第九段最后两句，thetaskmaster直接指出我的问题，并通过角色扮演来帮助我，可知他的态度是真诚和支持的，所以选择Ｃ。10.（2020年，天津卷，第一次高考）Transporthasalot

toanswerforwhenitcomestoharmingtheplanet.Whilecarsandtrainsaremovingtowardsgreener,electricpower,emissionsfromairtravelareexpectedtoincreasemassively

by2050.Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions,weneedblueskythinkingFortunately,there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow,particularlytheshort-haulflightspoweredbyba

tteries.HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmerica,flying30,000commercialflightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly,allHarbourAirrouteslas

tlessthan30minutes,makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengines.“Asanairline,we'recurrentlyintheprocessofturningallourplanesint

oelectricairplanes.saysCEOGregMcDougall.Tomakethishappen,theairlinehaspartneredupwithMagniXtocreatetheworld

sfirstcommercialflightwithanelectricengine.Makingtheskieselectricisn'tjustgoodfortheenvironment,italsomakessou

ndfinancialsense:asmallaircraftuses$400onconventionalfuelfora100-mileflight,whileanelectriconecosts$8-12forthesamedi

stance,andthat'sbeforeyoufactorinthehighermaintenancecostsofatraditionalengine.There'salsotheaddedbonusthatelectricplanesarejust

muchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyfriendlypeaceandquiet.Whiletherehasbeenrealprogressi

nthee-planeindustry,thetechnicalchallengesthatremainarekeepingeveryone'sfeetfirmlyontheground.Abattery,evenalithiumone,onlyprovides

250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogram.Carryingadequatebatteries,however,woul

dmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thiscan'tjustbeignored.Thetrans

ition（过渡）fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids-vehiclespoweredbybothfuelandelectricity.Manybelievethesamepatterncoul

dbefollowedintheair.Fuelconsumptioncouldbereducedastheelectriccomponentisswitchedonatkeypartsofthejourne

y,especiallyontake-offandlanding.It'scertainlyanexcitingtimeforelectricflying.WithcompanieslikeHarbourAirtakingthelead,battery-pow

eredplanes,especiallyonshort-hauljourneys,aresettobecomearealityinthenextfewyears.18.AccordingtoPara.l,whatisha

ppeninginairtransport?A.Newexplorationsoftheskyarebeinglaunched.B.Pollutioncausedbybatteriesisbeingcontrolled.C.Effortsarebeingmadetomakea

irtravelgreener.D.Demandforshort-haulflightsisincreasingmassively.19.WhyisHarbourAirfitforelectricflights?A.ItrunsshortrouteB.Ithasastrongp

artner.C.Itsplanescanlandonthesea.D.Ithasplaneswithpowerfulengines.20.Theexpression"addedbonus"referstothefa

ctthatelectricplanes___________.A.givepassengersmorepleasantviewsB.bringairlinesmorefinancialbenefitsC.offermoreenjoyableflyin

gexperiencesD.costlessinmaintenancethantraditionalones21.Whatmightbethebiggestchallengeofelectricflying?

A.Toimprovethegroundservicefore-planes.B.Tofindqualifiedtechniciansfore-planeindustry.C.Tocalculatetheenergyneededt

opowere-planes.D.Tobalancepowerandweightofbatteriesine-planes.22.Whatcouldbedoneduringthetransitionfromgastoelectricinairflight?A.Toproducenewele

ctriccomponents.B.Toincreasebatteryconsumption.C.Tousemixed-powertechnology.D.Toexpandthelandingfield.23.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthe

prospectofelectricflying?A.Short-sighted.B.Wait-and-see.C.Optimistic.D.Skeptical.【答案】18.C19.A20.C21.D22.C23.C【解析

】本文是说明文。为了使航空旅行更环保,出现了电动飞行。文章介绍了电动飞行的特点、优点、面临的挑战、解决措施和前景。18.推理判断题。根据第一段中Ifwewantbiggreenskysolutions,wenee

dblueskythinking.Fortunately,there'splentyofthathappeningrightnow,particularlytheshort-haulflightspoweredbybatteries(如果我们想要大的绿色天空解决方案，就需要藍

天思维。幸运的是，现在有很多这样的情况发生，尤其是靠电池供电的短途飞行)由此判断出，人们正在努力使航空旅行更加环保。故选C。19.细节理解题。根据第二段HarbourAiristhelargestseaplaneairlineinNorthAmeri

ca,flying30000commercialflightsin40seaplaneseachyear.Significantly,allHarbourAirrouteslastlessuan30minutes,makingitperfectlyfitforelectricengine

s.可知，HarbourAir是北美最大的水上飞机航空公司，每年有40架水上飞机搭载3万次商业航班。值得注意的是，所有港口航线的飞行时间都不到30分钟，这使得它完全适合于电动引擎。也就是说HarbourAir的飞行

航线短使电动飞行成了可能。故选A。20.猜测词义题。根据下文thatelectricplanesarejustmuchmorepleasanttoflyin.Noloudenginenoise,nosmelloffuel,justenvironmentallyf

riendlypeaceandquiet.可知，电动飞机没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的味道，只有环保的宁静等优点，因此为乘坐电动飞机的乘客提供更愉快的飞行体验。所以addedbonus指的是乘客获得的更愉快飞行体验的额外收获。故选C。21.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Aba

ttery,evenalithiumone,onlyprovides250watt-hoursperkilogram;comparethistoliquidfuel,whichhasaspecificenergyof11,890watt-hoursperkilogramCar

ryingadequatebatteries,however,wouldmaketheplanetooheavytogetofftheground.Inaircraft.,whereeverybitofweightcounts,thiscan'tjustbeigno

red.可知电池不能提供足够的燃料,而携带足够的电池会使飞机太重而无法起飞。在飞机上，每一点重量都很重要，不能忽视。由此推知平衡电动飞机电池的功率和重量是电动飞机面临的最大挑战。故选D。22.细节理解题。根据倒数第

二段Thetransition(过渡)fromgastoelectricintheautomobileindustryhasbeenmadeeasierbyhybrids-vehiclespoweredbybothfuelandelectricity.可知从燃料飞行到电动飞行过渡过程中，

可以使用燃料和电力混合动力技术。故选C。23.推理判断题。根据最后一段It'scertainlyanexcitingtimeforelectricflying.WithcompaniesHarbourAirtakingthelead,battery-p

oweredplanes,especiallyonshort-hauljourneys,aresettocomearealityinthenextfewyears.可知电动飞行无疑是激动人心的，电动飞行短途旅行将在未来几年内成为现实。由此判断出作者对电动飞行的前景是乐观的。故选C。11.（201

2年，陕西卷）Springiscoming,anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefully

considertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing,ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus,buttheworkplacemaynot.Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairfor

companiestodiscouragevisibletattoos(纹身),noserings,orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo“cover”themsel

vesinordertoconveycertainmessages.Whatwewear,includingtattoosandnoserings,isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeir

appearances,sodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons,butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatc

ustomersaccept.Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom,butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutth

epersonalappearancesoftheiremployees,becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhow

ouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers

.EventhoughIamopen-minded,Ican’texpectallourcustomersare.Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoic

esdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimplybecausehe

orsheisunwillingtorespectitsstandards,aslongasitsstandardsarelegal.1.Whichofthefollowingisthenewspapereditor’

sopinionaccordingtoParagraph2?A.People’sappearancescarrymessageaboutthemselves.B.Customers’choicesinfluencedressstandardsincompanies.C.Candid

ateswithtattoosornoseringsshouldbefairly-treated.D.Strangedressstylesshouldnotbeencouragedintheworkplace.2.

Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Candidateshavetowearwhatcompaniespreferforaninterview.B.Whattowearisnotama

tterofpersonalchoiceforcompanies.C.Companiessometimeshavetochangetorespecttheircandidates.D.Hiringmanagersmakethebestimpressionontheircandi

dates.3.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.EmployeesMatterB.PersonalChoicesMatterC.AppearancesMatterD.HiringManagersMatter4.Theauthor

’sattitudetowardsstrangedressstylesintheworkplacemaybestbedescribedas.A.enthusiasticB.negativeC.positiveD.sympath

etic【答案】1.C2.B3.C4.B【解析】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以赖以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。1.推理判断题。根据第二自然段的Ahighscho

olnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos(纹身）noserings,orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan’tjudg

eabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo“cover”themselvesinordertoconvey(传递)certainmessages.可知作者的意思是有纹身或戴鼻环去面试不会被公平的对待，故本题选C。2.推

理判断题。通读第三自然段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选B。3.主旨大意题。本文讨论的主要是在求职的时候，人的外貌和穿着是很重要的，因为公司都要选择一些在形象上能够代表公司的人，故本题选C。4

.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopen

-minded,Ican’texpectallourcustomersare说明作者也认为那些穿着奇怪的人是不能被选中的，说明他对这样的穿着是持否定的态度的，故选B。12.（2014年，浙江卷）Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centu

rycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.Theseco

ttagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleofthein

dustry’soddloveaffairwith“lowtechnology,”aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanship(手艺)thate

xistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual(虚拟的)—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,

fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwitter’sdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabro

aderinterpretation(阐释)oflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamoren

atural,park-likesetting.”AtGoogle’soffice,anentireflooriscarpetedinglass.Facebook’ssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.OlleLu

ndberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersarethe

oneswhofeelimpoverished(贫乏的),becausethey’resurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“They’relookingforawaytore

gaintheirindividualidentity,andwe’vefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.”Thiscraftbasedtheoryisro

otedinhistory,WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties,just

aftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”M

orrissaid.Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore(恢复)ourmentalcapacities.InJapan,patientsareenco

uragedto“forest-bathe,”takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplvin,aprofessorofenvir

onmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironment.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureatthe

office—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynou

rishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.1.Thewritermentionsthetw

onineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat________.A.TwitterishavingahardtimeB.oldcottagesareinneedofprotectionC.earlysettlersoncesuffered

fromadryclimateinMontanaD.Internetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology2.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat

_______.A.isrelatedtonatureB.isoutofdatetodayC.consumestoomuchenergyD.existsinthevirtualworld3.ThemainideaofParagraph5isthathum

anbeings________.A.havedestroyedmanypre-industrialartsB.haveatraditionofvaluingartsandcraftsC.canbecomeintelli

gentbylearninghistoryD.canregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines4.Thewriter’sattitudeto“lowtechnology”canbestbedescribedas________.A.positive

B.defensiveC.cautiousD.doubtful5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PastGlories,FutureDreamsB.The

VirtualWorld,theRealChallengeC.High-techCompanies,Low-techOfficesD.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity【答案】1.D2.A3.B4.A5

.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲述的是关于现代科技公司运用“大自然对人们创造力产生作用”的理念，积极创设原生态的办公环境。这里提到的低科技指的是工业化之前的建造技术，它更贴近自然。在自然的办公环境下，职员们

不会感到有压力，对他们的健康是有好处的。1.细节理解题。作者提到两个19世纪的村舍是为了表明什么？根据短文第二段中Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual(虚拟的)—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadto

getcreative可知，低科技不是虚拟的，因此要充分的利用它，高科技公司需要有创造力。而短文开头提到的两个19世纪的小村舍就是低科技技术下的产物。因此推断现代的高科技公司也需要用低科技的理念创设原生态的办公室。故选D。2.推理判断题。低科技被认为是什么样的事物？根据下文中作者给出

的例子sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting以及最后一段中Herresearchfoundthatworker

swithaccesstonatureattheoffice可以判断出，低科技跟大自然有关，即在一个天然的环境下，故选A。B选项意思是低科技已经过时了，这不符合文意，现在很多高科技的公司都在打造低科技的办公室，让职员们更接近自然；C选项的意思是低科技消耗很多能源，其

实正好相反，低科技的东西都是很天然的，不需要消耗很多能源；D选项的意思说低科技是虚拟的，而短文中说它并不是虚拟的，故与文意不符。故选A。3.主旨大意题。第五段主要是说人类怎样？根据这一段的第一句话Thiscraftbasedtheoryisrootedinhistory,Will

iamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-industrialartsintheeighteen-sixties.可知，工艺基础理论是有其历史根源的，英国的艺术家、作家Wi

lliamMorris又回到了19世纪60年代的工业化之前的艺术。也就是人类有珍视工艺的传统。故选B。4.推理判断题。作者对低科技的态度可以用哪一个词来形容？A.积极的；B.辩护的；C.谨慎的；D.怀疑的。通过作者给出的这些例子可以看出，利用低科技建造的原生态办公室对职

员们的工作的积极性是有好处的。并且作者还引用了一项研究Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore(恢复)ourmentalcapacities来说明自然环境对我们精神上的有利影响。故选A。5.主旨大意题。这篇短文中作者告诉我们低科技不是虚拟

的，现代的高科技公司需要有创造力，所以要充分的利用以前的低科技技术，创设更加原生态的办公环境。故用High-techCompanies,Low-techOffices作为题目是最合适的。13.（2014年，安徽

卷）YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka,butforthepast27years,thisassociation,foundedbyBillDrayton,hasfoughtpoverty(贫穷)andsicknes

s,promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses,Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smo

stpromising"changemakers"seekingtosolve(解决)urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.Drayton

believesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeap

roblemthatyoucareabout,youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrow

intoahappy,healthy,contributingadult.InfactItismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialco

nditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka,whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity,helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincome

forpoorpeoplethere.WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka’sstreets,Attractingtatsanddisease,theydisco

veredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost(把……制成堆粪)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproduc

tbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalferntilisers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoiloverthe

years.Atfirst,theywererefused,butoncetheywereabletopersuade____thattherewasmoneytobemade,theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14,000.Draytonisoptimis

ticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious,practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomi

cdevelopment.1.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.changemakersB.BusinessmenC.SocialConditionsD.RubbishProbl

em2.Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3probablyrefersto""A.thelocalfarmersB.MasqsoodandIftekharC.Draytona

ndhisteamD.thepoorpeopleinDhaka3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatanyonecanbecomeachangemakerifhe.A.considersDrayton'sconceptB.getspe

rmissionfromAshokaC.triestoimprovesocialconditionsD.isayoung,happyandhealthyadult4.Theauthorsattitudeto

wardsAshoka'sprogramcanbedescribedasA.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.Positive【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍

了BillDrayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业。并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就。1.主旨大意题：根据文章第一段的内容：Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld

'smostpromising"changemakers"seekingtosolve(解决)urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangema

ker.可知这篇文章介绍了BillDrayton创办的一个组织，旨在对抗贫困疾病，提高教育，鼓励小产业，为了让每个人都变成“changemakers”，故选A2.词义猜测题：根据第三段的内容：Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost(把……制成

堆粪)thiswaste.可知Ashoka鼓励当地的穷人将垃圾变成堆肥，可以卖给购买昂贵的化肥当地农民，有人接受，但是有人拒绝，所以这里they指的是“当地的穷人”。故选D。3.细节理解题：根据文章第二段的第四行的句子：InfactIti

smanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.可知每个人都能成为“changemaker”，只要他们努力提高社会状况，故选C4.推理

判断题：根据文章的内容：可知作者介绍Ashoka项目的宗旨，它对于促进社会进步的做法和措施，并具体介绍了Ashoka在1995年在Dhaka解决垃圾问题所取得的成就，还有从最后一段可以看出作者对于Ashoka这个项目是乐观的，故选D15.（2014年，重庆卷）Theid

eaofbeingabletowalkonwaterhaslonginterestedhumansgreatly.Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid---wesimplyw

eightoomuch,andallourmasspushesdownthroughourrelativelysmallfeet,resultinginalotofpressurethatmakesussink.However,severaltypesofanimal

scanwalkonwater.OneofthemostinterestingisthecommonbasiliskBasilicusbasilicus,alizard(蜥蜴)nativetoCentralandSouthAmerica.Itcanrunacrosswaterfor

adistanceofseveralmeters,avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater’ssurfacewithitsfeet.Thelizardwilltakeasmanya

s20stepspersecondtokeepmovingforward.Forhumanstodothis,we，dneedhugefeetthatwecouldbringuptoourearsinordertocreateadequa

tewhitting.’’Butfortunatelythereisanalternative:cornflour.Byaddingenoughofthiscommonthickeningagenttowater(

anditdoestakealot),youcancreatea“non-Newtonian”liquidthatdoesn’tbehavelikenormalwater.Now,ifthesurfaceofth

ewaterishithardenough,particles(粒子）inthewatergrouptogetherforamomenttomakethesurfacehard.Movequicklyenoughandputenoughforceintoeachstep,andyoureallyc

anwalkacrossthesurfaceofanadequatelythickLiquidofcornflour.Funthoughallthismaysound,it’sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarrie

doutinpractice.Ifyoumustdoit,thenkeepthewaterwingshandyincaseyoustarttosink--andtakeashowerafterward!1.Walkingonwaterhasn’tbeco

mearealitymainlybecausehumans______.A.arenotinterestedinitB.havebiologicallimitationsC.havenotinventedpropertoolsD.areafraidtomakeana

ttempt2.WhatdoweknowaboutBasilicusbasilicusfromthepassage?A.Itislightenoughtowalkonwater.B.Itshugefeetenableittostayabovewater.

C.Itcanrunacrosswateratacertainspeed.D.Itsuniqueskinkeepsitfromgettingwetinwater.3.Whatisthefunctionofthecornflouraccordingtothepassa

ge?A.Tocreateathickliquid.B.Toturnthewaterintosolid.C.Tohelptheliquidbehavenormally.D.Toenablethewatertomoverapidly.4.W

hatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheideaofhumans’walkingonwater?A.Itisriskybutbeneficial.B.Itisinterestingand

worthtrying.C.Itiscrazyandcannotbecomeareality.D.Itisimpracticalthoughtheoreticallypossible.【答案】1.B2.C3.A4.D【解析】本文是一篇说

明文。人类有一个一直感兴趣但一直未能实现的愿望：水上行走。不能实现的原因是“生物性局限”。本文主要介绍了一种理论上可行实际上难以实现的人类水上行走的方法：借助玉米粉（cornflour）增加水面浓度。1.细节理

解题。从第一段Sadly,biologicalfactspreventuseveraccomplishingsuchathingwithoutartificialaid…可知，人类至今不能在水面行走是“生物”原因。选择B

。2.细节理解题。从第二段Itcanrunacrosswaterforadistanceofseveralmeters,avoidinggettingwetbyrapidlyhittingthewater’ssurfac

ewithitsfeet.一句可知，这种蜥蜴能在水面行走是因为速度快（每秒钟达到20步）。选择C。3.细节理解题。第三段thiscommonthickeningagent明确这是一种“常见的增稠剂”。选择A。4.推理判断题。从第二段itdoestakealo

t，最后一段it’sstillrathermessyandbetterreadaboutintheorythancarriedoutinpractice.等句推断，借助增稠剂实现人类在水面行走，理论上可行但真正实现很难做到。选择D项。16.（2013年，辽宁卷）Hereisanastoni

shingandsignficantfact:Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustired.Itsoundsabsurd.Butafewyearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehum

ancouldlaborwithoutreachingastageoffatigue(疲劳).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthettbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,s

howsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylabourer,wecouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins(毒素)andfatigueproducts.Butifwetookbloodfromth

ebrainofAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxingattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftlyattheendofe

ightoreventwelvehoursfeffortsasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired.Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomefro

mourmentalandemotional(情感的)attitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists.J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefro

mwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundr

edpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satifaction?No!Afeel

ingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated---thoseareemotionsthattiresittingworke

rs.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1.Whatsurprisedthes

cientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalabour’sblood.B.AlbertEisteindidn’tfeelwornoutafteraday’swork.C.Thebraincouldworkformany

hourswithoutfatigue.D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesitt

ingworkertired？A.Challengementalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabor.3.What’stheauthour’sattitudetowardsth

escientists’ideas?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.HedoubtsthemC.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.4.Wecaninferfromthepas

sagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto______.A.havesomegoodbloodB.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfati

guetoxin【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【解析】本文为说明文。研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等。这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因

素。1.细节理解题。根据第一段中Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthebloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!”可知，令这些科学家们惊讶的

是，大脑活跃时流经大脑的血液并没有表现出疲劳。所以大脑可以连续工作好几个小时而不感到疲劳。C项正确。2.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomefr

omourmentalandemotional(情感的)attitudes.可知，使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是情感问题。所以不愉快的情绪会使坐着工作的人感到疲倦。故B项正确。3.推理判断题。通读全文可知，研究发现，单纯的脑力劳动并不会令人感觉疲劳，而真正令人感觉疲劳的是心理和情

感态度，如烦躁、气愤、焦虑、紧张、担心、不被欣赏等。这些情感都是令脑力劳动者感觉疲劳的因素。根据最后一段Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervous

nessinthebody.可知，努力工作本身很少引起疲劳。我们感到疲劳是因为我们的情绪在体内产生了紧张感觉。由此判断出作者对科学家的观点持支持的态度。故选A项。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Hedeclares,“Onehun

dredpercentofthefatigueofasittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”可知，他宣称:“一个健康状况良好的在职员工的疲劳百分之百是由情绪问题造成的。由此我们可以从文章中推断

，为了保持精力充沛，坐着的工人需要喜欢他们的工作。故选B项。17.（2011年，陕西卷）Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990s,geneticall

ymodified(GM,转基因)foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesintheword,mainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidef

oodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwould,isitthebestsolution?Despitewhatitpromises,GM

technologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.Infact,studiesshowthatthemostwidely

grownGMcrop.GMsoybeans,hassufferedreducedproductivity.Forinstance,areportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmojorGMfood

cropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.Somethingelse,however,hasbeenontherise,Wh

ileGMseedsareexpensive,GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides（杀虫剂）.Onthecontra

ry,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcr

ops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butnetheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFa

rmCoalition.Atthesametime,theauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehunger

crisisisnotcausedbyproduction,butbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhile,ther

iseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfood,accordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.Asamatteroffact,scien

tistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworld.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebette

rwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.78.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.A.by

classificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess79.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inthethirdparagraphpr

obablymean?A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.Increase.80.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.A.practi

cing“green”farmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel81.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthor

towardsGMtechnology?A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprovingD.Casual【答案】78.C79.D80.B81.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了转基因粮食对于解决世界饥荒的作用和存在的问题。78.推理判断题。根据第二段“Forin

stance,areportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmajorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduct

ion.”可知，该段采用的是举例子的方法。故选C。79.词义猜测题。根据前句“Onthecontrary,USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideus

ecomparedtotraditionalcrops.(相反，美国政府的数据显示，与传统作物相比，美国转基因作物的农药使用量总体上有所增加。)”可知，他们承诺为了帮助农民解决粮食问题，通过减少化学品的使用和提高（increase）粮食产量的方式实现。从而推出boost

为“增加”之意。故选D。80.细节理解题。根据第三段““Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butnetheristrue,”saidB

illChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.(我们的承诺是，你可以使用更少的化学品，提高产量。但事实并非如此，”美国国家农场联盟主席比尔•克里斯蒂森表示。)”可知。基因公

司向农民承诺，他们将从减少化学品的使用中受益。故选B。81.推理判断题。根据最后一段“AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengeso

fworldwidepovertyandhunger,becausebetterwaysoutareavailable,amongwhich“green”farmingissupposedtobethefirstchoice.”可知，有很多更好的方法可以采用，所以对于转基因粮食持不赞成

态度。故选C。18.（2011年，北京卷）AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelecthicalgenerating（发电）andtransm

ission（输送）systenforthe21thcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignifi

canceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesuuroudingcommunity.

Thesameistrueofbigsolarppantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowmtomoveelectricityaround.The19thcenturysaw

landgrants（政府拨地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.In

muchofthewest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengest

olandmanagement,withthecompletionortheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlif

ebloodanddied.Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest.thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthen,we

needalternativeenergybadly.andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.Sotrade-offswillhavetobem

ade.somescenicsportwillbesacrificed.somespecies(物种)willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospeciala

ccommodations,dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter.the21stcent

urydevelopmentoftheAmericanwestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneytodoaloto

fgood.butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadandthehighway.Themoneysetasideinnegoti

atedtrade–offsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolwillshapethewestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsand

transmissionlines.solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsinthewest.1.wh

atwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?A.smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.B.somerailr

oadstopsremained.C.landinthewestwashardtomanage.D.landgrantswentintoprivatehands.2.whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalte

rnativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.thetransmissionofpowerB.theuseofmoneyandpowerC.theconservationofsolarenergyD.theselectionofanid

ealplace3.whatistheauthor‘sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?A.cautiousB.approvingC.doubtfulD.disapprovin

g4.whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.howtherailwayshaveaffectedthewestB.howsolarenergycouldreshapethewestC.ho

wtheeffectsofpowerplantscanbereducedD.howtheproblemsofthehighwayshavebeensettled【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B【解析】本文为说明文。文章说明的是

一种新的太阳能电力系统是如何或好或坏的影响美国西部地区的。1.细节理解题。由第二段The19thcenturysawlandgrants(政府拨地)offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontine

ntalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.和…thelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechall

engestolandmanagement,withthecompletionortheinterstatehighwaysystem可知铁路的建设使政府拨地落到私人的手里，西部的土地很难管理。故答案为

C。2.细节理解题。从倒数第二段的句子:Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywill

bespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadsandthehighways.可知在新能源的使用方面主要担心的是钱和能源的使用。故答案为B。3.

作者态度题。作者从铁路和公路在西部出现的好处和坏处,说明solarplants在西部也会出现同样的问题，故答案为A。4.主旨大意题。从文章的第一段的句子:Thesameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthep

owerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.可知这篇文章讲的是太阳能会如何塑造西部故答案为B。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com