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专题01阅读理解（第01期）-2023届浙江高考模拟试题分项汇编阅读理解【浙江省强基联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考】Urbangardensarevaluableassetstocommunities.They

providegreenspacestogrowsustainablefood,buildcommunitycohesion（凝聚力）,makenewfriends,connectwiththeearth,andmuchmore.So

,let'scheckoutourlistof4inspiringurbangardensintheUS.GothamGreensWhere:NewYorkChicagoWhat:GothamGreensf

irststartedinBrooklynandnowhasfourlocationsinNewYorkCityandChicago.TheirflagshipfarminBrooklynproducesover100,000poundsofgreensperyear.Butitdoe

sn'tjustproducehealthylocalvegetables.Itisusinghigh-techgreenhouseswithsolarpanelstomakesurethefoodgrownishealthyandsusta

inable.BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudentsWhere:Baltimore,MarylandWhat:TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwit

hStudents（BUGS）programencouragesstudentstogettheirhandsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerp

rograms.Manyofthesekidsdon'thaveaccesstogreenspaces,andhaveneverhadtheopportunitytogrowfood.ReVisionUrbanF

armWhere:Boston,MassachusettsWhat:ReVisionUrbanFarminBostonworksinpartnershipwiththeReVisionFamilyHome—a

shelterfor22homelessparentsandtheirkids.Thefarmprovidesthesefamilieswithinformationonhealthyeating,andaccesstothefarm'sfreshvegetables.Theorg

anizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.SwaleWhere:NewYorkWhat:Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalarge

boat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspirecitizenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.Thisurbangardenservesasbothalivi

ngartexhibitandaneducationalfarm.Foodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvines-eachonecomplementin

gtheotherinasymbiotic（共生的）relationship.1．WhatdoestheBUGSprogrammainlydo?A．Providejobtrainingforstudents.B．Usehigh-tech

greenhousestogrowhealthyfood.C．Createasustainablegardenonalargeboat.D．Offerstudentstheopportunitytogrowvegetables.2．Whichu

rbangardenhelpspeoplegetoutofpoverty?A．GothamGreens.B．BaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents.C．ReVisionUrbanFarm.D

．Swale.3．Wherecancitizensgotoseeafoodforest?A．Chicago.B．Baltimore.C．Boston.D．NewYork.【答案】1．D2．C3．D【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述了城市花园是社区的宝贵资产。它们为种植可持续粮食提供绿色空间，建

立社区凝聚力(凝聚力)，结交新朋友，与地球相连，等等。本文主要介绍了美国4个城市花园。1．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“TheBaltimoreUrbanGardeningwithStudents（BUGS）programencouragesstudentstogettheirhan

dsdirtyandplantvegetablesthroughtheirafter-schoolandsummerprograms.（巴尔的摩城市园艺与学生(BUGS)项目鼓励学生们通过课后和暑期项目亲自动手种植蔬菜。）”可知，BUGS这个项目主要是让学生们课后种植蔬菜。故选D项。2

．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Theorganizationalsoprovidesjobtrainingtohelpfamiliesescapethecycleofpoverty.（该组织还提供职业培训，帮助家庭摆脱贫困的循环。）”可

知，ReVisionUrbanFarm能够帮助人们脱离贫困。故选C项。3．细节理解题。根据第五段的第一句“Swale,afloatingfoodforestlocatedonalargeboat,isaninnovativeprojectmeanttoinspireciti

zenstorethinktherelationshipbetweenourcitiesandourfood.（Swale是一个位于一艘大船上的漂浮食物森林，这是一个创新项目，旨在启发市民重新思考我们的城市和食物之间的关系。）

”以及“.Foodforestsaresustainablegardensthatincludevegetables,fruit,nuttrees,bushes,herbs,andvines-eachonecomplementingtheotherinasymbiotic（

共生的）relationship.”（食物林是可持续发展的花园，包括蔬菜、水果、坚果树、灌木、草本植物和葡萄藤，每一种都以共生关系相互补充）可知，位于纽约的Swale是一个食物森林。故选D项。Likemanyotherfive-year-olds,JeanieLo

wofHouston,Texas,woulduseastool(凳子)tohelpherreachthebathroomsink.However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandcluttere

dupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyherschoolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthec

ontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.Jeani

edecidedtomakeastoolattachedtothebathroomcabinetdoorunderthesink.Shecutaboardofwoodintotwopieces,eachabouttwof

eetwideandonefootlong.Usingmetalhinges(铰链)Jeanieattachedonepieceofthewoodtothefrontofthecabinetdoor,andthesecondpiecetothefi

rst.Thefirstpiecewassetjusthighenoughsothatwhenitswungouthorizontallyfromthecabinetdoor,thesecondpiecewouldswingdownfromthefir

st,justtouchingtheground,andsoservingasasupportforthefirstpieceofthewood.Thiscreatedaconvenient,strongplatformforanypersontooshor

ttoreachthesink.Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinpla

cebymagnets.Jeaniecalledherinventionthe“KiddieStool”.Jeanie’sKiddieStoolwonfirstplaceinherschool’scontest.

Twoyearslater,itwasawardedfirstprizeagainatHouston’sfirstannualInventionFair.Asaresult,Jeaniewasinvitedtomakeanumberofpublicappear

anceswithherKiddieStool,andwasfeaturedonlocalTVaswellasinnewspapers.ManypeoplefoundthestoryoftheKiddieStoolinspiringbecause

itshowedthatwithimagination,anyonecanbeaninventor.4．WhydidJeanieLowinventtheKiddieStool,accordingtothepassage?A．Manyotherfiv

e-year-oldshadproblemsreachingthebathroomsink.B．Shedidnotthinkthatplasticstoolsweretallenoughforher.C．Thestoolinherbathroomwasnotfirmandoftengot

intheway.D．Shewasinvitedtoenteraninventioncontestheldbyherschool.5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouthowtheKiddieStoolw

orks?A．TheKiddieStoolwillswingoutonlywhenthecabinetdooropens.B．Ituseshingesandmagnetstokeepthewooden

piecesinplace.C．Itswingsfromlefttorighttobeattachedtothecabinetdoor.D．Theplatformissupportedbytwopiecesofmetal.6．WhatarethecharacteristicsofJean

ie’sKiddieStool?A．Permanentandfoldable.B．Fragileanddisposable.C．Conventionalandportable.D．Convenientandrecyclable.7．Wh

ichofthefollowingsayingsbestcapturesthespiritofJeanieLow’sstory?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．Necessityisth

emotherofinvention.C．Geniusis1%inspirationand99%perspiration.D．Inventionrequiresbothdisciplinesandwildimaginat

ion.【答案】4．C5．B6．A7．B【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述5岁的珍妮发明了一款帮助小孩子能够得着洗手盆的踏脚凳的故事。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“However,theplasticstep

-stoolshehadathomewasunstableandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.(然而，她家里的塑料踏脚凳不稳定，把她全家共用的小浴室弄得乱

七八糟)”可知，珍妮想要发明踏脚凳的原因是，塑料凳子不稳定，还把她全家共用的小浴室弄得乱七八糟。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Usingmetalhinges(铰链)Jeanieattachedonepieceofthewoodtothefrontofthecabinetdoor,an

dthesecondpiecetothefirst.(珍妮用金属铰链把一块木头固定在橱柜门的前面，把第二块木头固定在第一块上)”和“Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesof

woodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywereheldinplacebymagnets.(当不使用的时候，铰链允许两块木头紧紧地叠起在柜子上，它们被磁铁固定在

合适的位置)”可知，珍妮发明的踏脚凳使用了铰链和磁铁固定。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanent

fixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutofthewaywhennotinuse.(珍妮决定参加比赛，她设计了一个凳子，这个凳子将永久安装在浴室里，而且在不使用的时候也不会妨碍到别

人)”和第二段“Whennotinuse,thehingesallowedthetwopiecesofwoodtofoldbackuptightlyagainstthecabinet,wheretheywerehe

ldinplacebymagnets.(当不使用的时候，铰链允许两块木头紧紧地叠起在柜子上，它们被磁铁固定在合适的位置)”可知，珍妮发明的踏脚凳具有永久和可折叠的特性。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Likemanyotherfive-year-olds,

JeanieLowofHouston,Texas,woulduseastool(凳子)tohelpherreachthebathroomsink.However,theplasticstep-stoolshehadathomewasunsta

bleandclutteredupthesmallbathroomsharedbyherwholefamily.Afterlearningofaninventioncontestheldbyhersch

oolthatyear,Jeanieresolvedtoenterthecontestbycreatingastoolthatwouldbeapermanentfixtureinthebathroom,andyetcouldbekeptoutof

thewaywhennotinuse.(像其他许多五岁的孩子一样，德克萨斯州休斯顿的珍妮·洛会用一个凳子帮助她够到浴室的水槽。然而，她家里的塑料踏脚凳不稳定，把她全家共用的小浴室弄得乱七八糟。在得知学校那年举办了一场发明比赛后，珍妮决定参加这场比赛，她发明了一种凳子，这种凳子

将成为卫生间里的固定装置，而且在不使用的时候也可以不受干扰)”可知，通过珍妮的故事我们可以知道，发明来源于我们的需求。故选B。InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/h

ercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,

butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andty

peBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelev

isionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichrea

dersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeen

usedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeach

player.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsb

asedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanks

to“theirabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialp

rofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB．In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperede

ncounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB．Theblood-typecraze,c

onsideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemss

ocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,end

ingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8．What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A．TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetoblood

type.B．ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C．TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D．TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellers

areimportanttotheirself-image.9．Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A．TypeA．B．TypeB．C．TypeO.D．TypeAB．1

0．PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A．herevealedhisrival’sbloodtypeB．hewasseen

behavingrudelyonTVC．heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD．hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype11．Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblo

od-typebeliefinJapan?A．Negative.B．Defensive.C．Objective.D．Encouraging.【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．A【导语】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍血型在日本非常重要，以日本人在血型上的态度。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“InJap

an,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensi

tiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbut

mysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefisw

idelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminesperson

ality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.”（在日本，你就是你的血型。人们普遍认为，一个

人的血型决定了他/她的性格和个性。A类人通常被认为是敏感的完美主义者和优秀的团队合作者，但过于焦虑。O型性格好奇心强，慷慨大方，但很固执。AB型是艺术型，但神秘莫测；B型是快乐型，但古怪，个人主义，自私

。尽管缺乏科学证据，但这一信念在书籍、杂志和电视节目中广泛存在。去年，日本十大畅销书中有四本是关于血型如何决定个性的，通过这些书，读者似乎能够发现血型的定义，或者确认他们的自我形象）可知，第一段主要讲述日本人认为他们的血型很重要。故选A。9．推理判断题。根

据第三段“Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.Oneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasaty

peA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeBIn2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounter

withlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.”（这种信仰甚至影响政治。一位前首相认为，在其官方简介中透露

自己是A型血人足够重要，而他的反对对手是B型血人。2011年，部长松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职，当时电视转播了他与地方官员的一次脾气暴躁的遭遇。在辞职演说中，他将自己的失败归咎于自己是B型血）可知，前首相让民众相信自己的对手是B型血，以及

松本龙一把自己的失败归咎于是B型血。由此推知，B型血应该是最不被大家喜欢的血型。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinof

fice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.”（2011年，一位部长松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职，当时电视转播了他与地方官员的一次脾气暴躁的遭遇）可知，松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职是因为转播了他

的不当行为。故选B。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfa

sprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearerepo

rtsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.”（血型热，被一些日本人认为是无害的

玩笑，可能会暴露出偏见和歧视。事实上，这似乎很常见，日本人现在有了一个术语：burahara，意思是血型骚扰。有报道称，歧视导致儿童受到欺负，结束了幸福的关系，并因血型而失去了工作机会）推知，作者对血型是消极的态度。故选A。You’vemostlikelyheardthen

ewsbynow:Acar-commuting,desk-bound,TV-watchinglifestylecanbeharmfultoourhealth.Allthetimethatwespendrootedinthechairislinkedtoin

creasedrisksofsomanydeadlydiseasesthatexpertshavenamedthismodern-dayhealthepidemicthe“sittingdisease”.Sittingfortoolongslowsdownthebody’smetabolism(新

陈代谢)andthewayenzymes(酶)breakdownourfatreserves,raisingbothbloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressure.Smallamountsofregularactivity,evenjuststan

dingandmovingaround,throughoutthedayisenoughtobringtheincreasedlevelsbackdown.Andthosesmallamountsofactivityaddup—30minutesoflightactivityint

woorthree-minuteburstscanbejustaseffectiveasahalf-hourblockofexercise.Butwithoutthatactivity,bloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressurekeepcreepingup,st

eadilydamagingtheinsideofthearteriesandincreasingtheriskofdiabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andotherseriousdiseases.Inessence,fundamentalchan

gesinbiologyoccurifyousitfortoolong.Butwait,you’rearunner.Youneedn’tworryabouttheharmofasedentarylifestylebecauseyouexercis

eregularly,right?Well,notsofast.Recentstudiesshowthatpeoplespendanaverageof64hoursaweeksitting,wheth

erornottheyexercise150minutesaweekasrecommendedbyWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Regularexercisers,furthermore,arefoundtobeabout30perce

ntlessactiveondayswhentheyexercise.Overall,mostpeoplesimplyaren’texercisingormovingaroundenoughtocounteractalltheharmthatcanresultfromsittingni

nehoursormoreaday.Scaredstraightoutofyourchair?Good.Theremedyisassimpleasstandingupandtakingactivitybre

aks.12．Whatisthebestwaytobringdownhighbloodsugarlevelandbloodpressure?A．Exercisingfor150minutesormoreeveryweek.B．Gettingridofthehabitofcarcommutinga

ndTVwatching.C．Interruptingsittingtimewithlightactivityasoftenaspossible.D．Standingormovingaroundforatleastt

woorthreeminuteseveryday.13．Whatdoestheword“sedentary”inthethirdparagraphmostlikelymean?A．Modern.B．Risky.C．Inactive.D．Epidemic.14．Which

ofthefollowingmaybeinferredaboutthosewhodoseriousexercise?A．Theyusuallydonotmeetthestandardofexerciserecommen

dedbyWHO.B．Theygenerallyspendlesstimesittingthanthosewhoareinactive.C．Theyoftenlivelongerthanthosewhodon’texercis

e.D．Theytendtostandormovearoundlessontheirwork-outdays.15．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thechallengesofthemodernlifestyle.B．Thereasonsforthespr

eadofamodernepidemic.C．Theeffectofregularexerciseonourbody.D．Thethreattoourhealthfromlonghoursofsitting.【答案】12．C13．C14．D15．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了久坐对我们健康的威胁。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Smallamountsofregularactivity,evenjuststandingandmovingaround,throughouttheda

yisenoughtobringtheincreasedlevelsbackdown.(少量的有规律的活动，即使只是站着走动，也足以将增加的水平降下来)”可知，降低高血糖和高血压的最好方法是尽可能多地用轻松的活动来

打断坐着的时间。故选C项。13．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Butwithoutthatactivity,bloodsugarlevelsandbloodpressurekeepcreepingup,steadilydamagingtheinsideofthear

teriesandincreasingtheriskofdiabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andotherseriousdiseases.Inessence,fundamentalchangesinbiologyoccurifyousitfo

rtoolong.(但如果没有这种活动，血糖水平和血压就会不断攀升，不断破坏动脉内部，增加患糖尿病、心脏病、中风和其他严重疾病的风险。从本质上说，如果你坐的时间太长，生物学就会发生根本的变化)”及划线词前文“Butwait,you’rearunner.(但是等一下，你是一个跑步者)”可知，你

不必担心久坐不动的生活方式的危害。由此推知，划线词的意思是“不活跃的”。故选C项。14．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recentstudiesshowthatpeoplespendanaverageof64hoursaweeksitting,whetherornottheyexercise150m

inutesaweekasrecommendedbyWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Regularexercisers,furthermore,arefoundtobeabout30percentlessactiveonda

yswhentheyexercise.(最近的研究表明，人们每周平均有64小时是坐着的，不管他们是否按照世界卫生组织（WHO）的建议每周运动150分钟。此外，研究发现，经常锻炼的人在锻炼的日子里，活跃度要低30%左右)”可推知，在锻炼的日子里，他们往往很少站着或走动。故选D项。15．主旨

大意题。根据第一段“You’vemostlikelyheardthenewsbynow:Acar-commuting,desk-bound,TV-watchinglifestylecanbeharmfultoourhealth.Allthet

imethatwespendrootedinthechairislinkedtoincreasedrisksofsomanydeadlydiseasesthatexpertshavenamedthism

odern-dayhealthepidemicthe“sittingdisease”.(你很可能已经听说过这样的新闻：开车上下班、坐在办公桌前、看电视的生活方式对我们的健康有害。我们长时间坐在椅子上，与许多致命疾病的患病风险增加有关，以

至于专家将这种现代健康流行病称为“久坐病”)”可知，这篇文章主要是关于长时间坐着对我们健康的威胁。故选D项。阅读理解【2023届浙江省天高教育共同体高三7月年级第一次联考】Islandsaredifferent

fromacontinentormainland.Thesizeandisolationofislandshaveaprofoundeffectonislandecosystemsandtheirinhabitants.Scientistsw

hospecializeinspeciesevolutionhavefoundthat,amongmammalspeciesthatsettleonislands,bigspeciestendtosh

rinkwhilesmallonesareapttoenlarge.Thisphenomenon,discoveredbyJ.BristolFosterin1964,hasbeencalledFoster’srule,or

theislandeffect.Forinstance,rodents(啮齿动物)livingonislandstendtowardgigantism,whilebigmammalsaremorelikelyt

obecomedwarfed(矮小的).Althoughthereareanumberofexceptionstothispattern,thetrendgenerallyholdstrueforbothfossilspeciesandlivingisland

mammals.Foster’sruleshowsthatbodysizeregulateseverything.Inamainlandenvironment,beinglargeisoftenasafera

ndadaptiveformofavoidingpredators.Onanisland,withfewnaturalpredatorsandlesscompetition,beingreallybigisnolongeranadvantage;infact

,itcanbeahindrancesinceahugeanimalwillneedalotmorefoodinordertosurviveandreproduce.Anewfossilstudyofisland-dwellingproboscideans(长鼻目动物)

furthershowsthatthephysicalattributesandecologicalstructureofanislandmayaffectthedegreeofshrinkinginbigmammals.Onrelativelybal

ancedandspecies-richislands,competitionwithotherspeciesoftenresultinarelativelylessdwarfedbodysize.Incontrast,onsmallerislandswherefoodsourcesa

relimitedandcompetitorslacking,membersofthisgroupbecomesmallersurprisinglyquickly.OnoneoftheChannelIslands15milesoffthecoastof

France,thereddeerdwarfedtoone-sixththesizeofdeeroncontinentalEuropeinamere6,000yearsaftertheislandbecameisolated.1．Whatisthesecon

dparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thereasonswhymammalschangeandevolvethroughtime.B．Acomparisonofgigantismanddwarfismondifferentislands.C．Thedifferentpa

tternsofevolutionforbigandsmallislandmammals.D．Thesimilaritybetweentheevolutionoffossilspeciesandthatoflivingspecies.2．

Accordingtothepassage,whatisaproblembigmammalsmightfaceonanisland?A．Theremaybelackoffood.B．Itishardertofindshelterforsurvivalthere.C．Itmaybed

ifficulttomovearoundonsmallislands.D．Theybecomelesscompetitiveduetofewerreproduction.3．Howdoestheauthorconcludethelastparagrap

h?A．Withaprediction.B．Withasummary.C．Withasuggestion.D．Withanillustration.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哺乳类动物的体型与岛屿生态的关系，定居在岛屿上的哺乳动物物种，大

型物种往往会缩小，而小型物种则容易变大。1．主旨大意题。通读第二段内容，结合关键句“Scientistswhospecializeinspeciesevolutionhavefoundthat,amongmammalspe

ciesthatsettleonislands,bigspeciestendtoshrinkwhilesmallonesareapttoenlarge.(专门研究物种进化的科学家发现，在定居在岛屿上的哺乳动物物种中，大型物种往往会缩小，

而小型物种则容易变大)”可知，文章第二段主要介绍了一项研究发现，告诉我们大型和小型岛屿哺乳动物的不同进化模式，大型物种往往会缩小，而小型物种则容易变大。由此可知，第二段主要讲了大型和小型岛屿哺乳动物的不同进化模式。故

选C项。2．推理判断题。根据第三段关键句“Onanisland,withfewnaturalpredatorsandlesscompetition,beingreallybigisnolongeranadvantage;infact,itcan

beahindrancesinceahugeanimalwillneedalotmorefoodinordertosurviveandreproduce.(在一个几乎没有天敌、竞争更少的岛屿上，真正的大不再是优势；事实上，这可能是一个障碍，因为一个巨大的动物需要更多的食物才能生存和繁殖)”

可知，在岛屿上，体型大对动物来说不是优势，因为一个巨大的动物需要更多的食物才能生存，而岛屿上缺乏食物。由此可知，大型哺乳动物在岛上可能面临的问题是缺少食物。故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“On

oneoftheChannelIslands15milesoffthecoastofFrance,thereddeerdwarfedtoone-sixththesizeofdeeroncontinentalEuropeinamere6,000yearsaftertheisland

becameisolated.(在离法国海岸15英里的一个海峡群岛上，马鹿在该岛与世隔绝后仅6000年内就矮化到欧洲大陆鹿的六分之一)”可知，文章最后一段列举了马鹿的实例告诉我们，生活在岛屿上的大型哺乳动物的体型会缩小，马鹿在岛屿上与世隔绝后仅

6000年内就矮化到欧洲大陆鹿的六分之一。由此可知，作者是通过实例来总结最后一段的。故选D项。Fordecades,India’stimezonehasbeenahotlydebatedissue.Backin1884whentimezoneswereofficiallyestabli

shed,twotimezoneswereused—BombayTimeandCalcuttaTime.IndianStandardTime(IST)wasintroducedin1906,butCalcuttaTimeandB

ombayTimecontinuedtobemaintainedafterIndia’sindependencein1947,until1948and1955respectively.Thecurrentsingletimezone,thoughaleg

acyofBritishrule,isoftenviewedasasymbolofunity.Yet,noteveryonethinksitisagoodidea.Indiastretches3,000kmfromeasttowest,sp

anningroughly30degreeslongitude.Thiscorrespondstoatwo-hourdifferenceinmeansolartime,basedonthepositionofthes

uninthesky.Thus,thesunrisesnearlytwohoursearlierintheeastthaninIndia’sfarwest.InNortheasternstates,sunri

secanbeasearlyas4a.m.insummerandsunsetby4p.m.inwinter,muchearlierthantheofficialworkinghours.Thisresultsingreatlossofdaylighthou

rsandmoreconsumptionofelectricity,andoftenreducedproductivity.Meanwhile,recentstudiespointoutthatthecurrentsystemleadstoaseriousproblemineducationf

orsomestudents.Nationwide,theschooldaystartsatroughlythesametime;thus,childrengotobedlaterandhavereducedsleepinwestIndia,wheret

hesunsetslater.Suchsunset-inducedsleepdeprivationismorepronouncedamongthepoor,mostlyduetotheirnoisyenvironmentandlackofsleep-inducingfacil

itieslikewindowshadesorindoorbeds.Onaverage,anhour’sdelayinsunsettimereduceschildren’ssleepby30minutes,andan

hour’sdelayinannualaveragesunsettimereduceseducationbyabout0.8years.Asaresult,childrenlivinginlocationswithlatersunsetsareless

likelytocompleteprimaryandmiddleschooleducation.Despitevariousrequestsandproposalsformultipletimezones,thegovernmentiskeentoretainthecurrentsyste

m.Reasonsprovidedincludepreventionofconfusionandsafetyissuesregardingrailwayandflightoperations.4．Whichofthefollowingillustrat

estheIndiantimezonesystemsince1955?A．B．C．D．5．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“pronounced”inth

ethirdparagraph?A．Noisy.B．Distant.C．Flexible.D．Outstanding.6．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisasuppor

tingargumentformultipletimezones?A．Thenumberoftrafficaccidentscanbereduced.B．Childrenmayhavebetter-qualitysleepandeducation.C．Indiamayhavemoreenerg

yresourcestogenerateelectricity.D．ThecountrymayriditselfoftheimpactofBritishcolonization.7．Accordingtothepassage,wh

enismostlikelythesunsethourinDecemberinthecityofVaranasishownonthemap?A．7p.m.B．6p.m.C．5p.m.D．4p.m.【答案】4．A5．D6．B7．C【导语

】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度的时区历史演变及其引发的相关问题4．推理判读题。根据第一段“Fordecades,India’stimezonehasbeenahotlydebatedissue.Backin1884whentimezoneswer

eofficiallyestablished,twotimezoneswereused—BombayTimeandCalcuttaTime.IndianStandardTime(IST)wasintroducedin1906,butCalcu

ttaTimeandBombayTimecontinuedtobemaintainedafter(几十年来，印度的时区一直是一个备受争议的问题。早在1884年正式建立时区时，就使用了两个时区——孟买时间和加尔

各答时间。印度标准时间（IST）于1906年引入，但加尔各答时间和孟买时间在之后继续保持不变)”根据第二段“Thecurrentsingletimezone,thoughalegacyofBritishrule,isoftenviewedasasymbolofunity.”（目前的单一

时区虽然是英国统治的遗产，但通常被视为团结的象征）可推知，A项中的图片能够说明自1955年以来的印度时区系统。故选A。5．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“Meanwhile,recentstudiespoint

outthatthecurrentsystemleadstoaseriousproblemineducationforsomestudents.(同时，最近的研究指出，目前的制度导致了一些学生在教育方面的严重问题)”以及划线单词所在的

后半句话“mostlyduetotheirnoisyenvironmentandlackofsleep-inducingfacilitieslikewindowshadesorindoorbeds(主要是因为他们的环境嘈杂，缺乏像窗帘或室内床这样的睡眠诱导设施)”可知，这种由日落引起的

睡眠剥夺在穷人中更为显著。所以划线单词的意思为“显著的”。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Meanwhile,recentstudiespointoutthatthecurrentsystemleadstoaseriouspr

oblemineducationforsomestudents.Nationwide,theschooldaystartsatroughlythesametime;thus,childrengotobedlaterandhavereducedsleepinwe

stIndia,wherethesunsetslater.Suchsunset-inducedsleepdeprivationismorepronouncedamongthepoor,mostlyduetotheirnoisyenvironmentandlackofsleep-indu

cingfacilitieslikewindowshadesorindoorbeds.Onaverage,anhour’sdelayinsunsettimereduceschildren’ssleepby30minutes,andanhour’sdelayinannualaveragesu

nsettimereduceseducationbyabout0.8years.Asaresult,childrenlivinginlocationswithlatersunsetsarelesslikelyt

ocompleteprimaryandmiddleschooleducation.(与此同时，最近的研究指出，目前的制度导致了一些学生在教育方面的严重问题。在全国范围内，上学时间基本相同;因此，在太阳落山较晚的西印度，孩子们晚睡，睡眠时间减少。这种由日落引起的睡

眠剥夺在穷人中更为明显，主要是由于他们的环境嘈杂，缺乏窗帘或室内床等促进睡眠的设施。平均来说，日落时间延迟一小时会使儿童的睡眠减少30分钟，而年平均日落时间延迟1小时会使教育减少约0.8年。因此，居住在日落较晚地区的儿童完成小学和中学教育的可能性较小。)”可知，如果采用单

一的时区系统，会让儿童的睡眠减少，对教育产生不好的影响。由此可推知，如果采用多个时区，就会减少这种影响。所以“孩子们可能有更好的睡眠和教育质量。”是对多个时区论点的支持。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据第二段“India’sindepe

ndencein1947,until1948and1955respectively.Thecurrentsingletimezone,thoughalegacyofBritishrule,isoftenviewedasasymbolofunity.Yet,noteveryoneth

inksitisagoodidea.Indiastretches3,000kmfromeasttowest,spanningroughly30degreeslongitude.Thiscorrespondstoatwo-hou

rdifferenceinmeansolartime,basedonthepositionofthesuninthesky.Thus,thesunrisesnearlytwohoursearlierintheeastthani

nIndia’sfarwest.InNortheasternstates,sunrisecanbeasearlyas4a.m.insummerandsunsetby4p.m.inwinter,muchearlierthantheofficialwo

rkinghours.Thisresultsingreatlossofdaylighthoursandmoreconsumptionofelectricity,andoftenreducedproductivity

.(印度分别于1947年、1948年和1955年独立。目前的单一时区虽然是英国统治的遗产，但通常被视为团结的象征。然而，并不是每个人都认为这是一个好主意。印度东西绵延3000公里，经度约为30度。根据太阳在天空中的位置，这相当于平均太阳时的两小时差。因此，太阳从东方升起的时间比印度遥远的

西部早了近两个小时。在东北部各州，夏季日出最早可在凌晨4点，冬季日落最早可于下午4点，比官方工作时间早得多。这会导致大量的白天时间损失和更多的电力消耗，并且往往会降低生产率)”可知，根据太阳在天空中的位置，在印度会有两小时的时差，瓦拉纳西市处于东经83度，距离印度最东侧东

经68度相差15度，距离印度最西侧东经97度相差14度，基本上处于印度中间位置，因此冬季日落最早可于下午4点，太阳从东方升起的时间比印度遥远的西部早了近两个小时，日落也早2个小时，处于中间位置就早1个小时。由此可推知，瓦拉纳西市12月的日落时间最有可能是五点。故

选C。Tempeh,atraditionalsoyproductfromIndonesia,ishailedasthecountry’s“gifttotheworld,”likekimchifromKoreaormi

sofromJapan.Astable,cheapsourceofproteininIndonesiaforcenturies,tempehisafermented(发酵的)foodoriginatingfromtheisland

ofJava.Itwasdiscoveredduringtofuproductionwhendiscardedsoybeanresiduecaughtmicrobialsporesfromtheairandgr

ewcertainwhitishfungiaroundit.Whenthisfermentedresidue(残渣)wasfoundtobeedibleandtasty,peoplebeganproducing

itathomefordailyconsumptionacrossthecountry.ThishasgivenrisetomanyvariationsinitsflavorandtexturethroughoutdifferentIndonesianregions.Tempeh

ishighinproteinandlowinfat,andcontainsahostofvitamins.Infact,itistheonlyreportedplant-basedsourceofvitaminB12.Apartfr

ombeingabletohelpreducecholesterol(胆固醇),increasebonedensity,andpromotemusclerecovery,tempehhasalotofpolyphenolsthatpr

otectskincellsandslowdowntheagingprocess.Bestofall,withthesameproteinqualityasmeatandtheabilitytotakeonmanyflavorsandt

extures,tempehisagreatmeatsubstitute—somethingthevegetarianandvegancommunitieshavebeenquickinadopting.Inadditiontoitshighlyn

utritionalmakeup,tempehhasdiversepreparationpossibilities.Itcanbeservedasamaincourse(usuallyincurries)orasided

ishtobeeatenwithrice,asadeep-friedsnack,orevenblendedintosmoothiesandhealthyjuices.Thoughnotyetapopularfoodamonginternational

diners,youmayfindtempeh-substitutedBLTs(bacon,lettuce,tomatosandwiches)inSanFranciscoaseasilyasyoucanfindvegetarianburgerswithtempehpattiesinBali.F

orthepeopleofIndonesia,tempehisnotjustfoodbutalsohasculturalvalue.WiththeIndonesiantraditionalfabricbatik(蜡染)beingrecognizedbyU

NESCOas“IntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity,”tempehhasgreatpotentialforthishonoraswell.8．Accordingtothepassage,wh

ichofthefollowingistrueabouttempeh?A．Itismainlyservedasasidedish.B．Itisformedfromfermentedsoybeans.C．Itisdiscardedwhenfungigrow

aroundit.D．Ithasthesamenutritionalbenefitsaskimchi.9．Whataspectsoftempeharediscussedinparagraphs2to4?A．Origin→nutrition→cuisine.B

．Origin→cuisine→marketing.C．Cuisine→nutrition→marketing.D．Distribution→cuisine→nutrition.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A．Senior

citizenswilleattempehasvitaminsupplement.B．Tempehwillsoonbemorepopularthankimchiormiso.C．Thenutritiono

ftempehwillbereducedwithmassproduction.D．Tempehislikelytoberecognizedasaninternationalculturalsymbol.11．Whichofthefollowingscanbeasuitab

letitleofthispassage?A．DoYouKnowHowTempehIsMade?B．Tempeh:ATraditionalDelicacyFromJava.C．WillTempehBePopularAmongVegetarians?D．Tempeh:

TheCulturalHeritageOfIndonesia.【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚的传统美食天贝。8．细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二、三句话“Astable,cheapsourceofprotein

inIndonesiaforcenturies,tempehisafermented(发酵的)foodoriginatingfromtheislandofJava.Itwasdiscoveredduringtofuproductionwhendiscardedsoybeanresidue

caughtmicrobialsporesfromtheairandgrewcertainwhitishfungiaroundit.Whenthisfermentedresidue(残渣)wasfoundtobeedi

bleandtasty,peoplebeganproducingitathomefordailyconsumptionacrossthecountry.(天贝是印尼几个世纪以来稳定、廉价的蛋白质来源，是一种

源自爪哇岛的发酵食品。这是在豆腐生产过程中发现的，当时丢弃的豆渣从空气中捕捉到微生物孢子，并在其周围生长出某些白色真菌。当这种发酵残渣被发现可以食用且美味时，人们开始在家生产它，供全国各地的日常消费)”可知，天贝这种食物是由发酵的

大豆制成的。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句话“Itwasdiscoveredduringtofuproductionwhendiscardedsoybeanresiduecaughtmicrobialsporesfromtheairandgrewcertainwhitishfu

ngiaroundit.Whenthisfermentedresidue(残渣)wasfoundtobeedibleandtasty,peoplebeganproducingitathomefordailyconsu

mptionacrossthecountry.(这是在豆腐生产过程中发现的，当时丢弃的豆渣从空气中捕捉到微生物孢子，并在其周围生长出某些白色真菌。当这种发酵残渣被发现可以食用且美味时，人们开始在家生产它，供全国各地的日常消费)”，第三段第一句话“Tempehishighinprotei

nandlowinfat,andcontainsahostofvitamins.(天贝蛋白质含量高，脂肪含量低，并含有大量维生素)”以及第四段第一句话“Inadditiontoitshighlynutritionalmakeup,tempehhas

diversepreparationpossibilities.(除了高营养的化妆品外，天贝还有多种制作可能性)”可知，第二段到第四段分别介绍了天贝的来源，她的营养成分以及它可以制作成很多的美食。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据全文尤其是最后一

段“ForthepeopleofIndonesia,tempehisnotjustfoodbutalsohasculturalvalue.WiththeIndonesiantraditionalfabr

icbatik(蜡染)beingrecognizedbyUNESCOas“IntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity,”tempehhasgreatpotentialforthishonoraswell.(对印尼人民来说，天贝不仅是食

物，而且具有文化价值。随着印尼传统织物蜡染被联合国教科文组织认定为“人类非物质文化遗产”，天贝也有很大的潜力获得这一荣誉)”可知，天贝也有很大的潜力获得“人类非物质文化遗产”这一荣誉。由此可推知，天贝很可能被视为一个国际文化符号。故选D。11．标题判断题。文章主要介绍了印度尼西亚的传

统美食天贝，它的来源，营养成分，以及它可以被制作成很多的美食，天贝也有很大的潜力获得“人类非物质文化遗产”这一荣誉。所以“天贝：爪哇传统美食”适合作本文的标题。故选B。Monopoly(大富翁)isaveryp

opularboardgamearoundtheworldtoday,butlittleisknownaboutitsAmericaninventor,ElizabethMagie,andthephilosophybe

hindherinvention.Bornin1866,Magiewasarebelagainstthenormsandpoliticsofhertimes.InspiredbyHenryGeorgewhobel

ievedthatallmenshouldhaveanequalrighttousethelandastheyhavetobreatheair,shechallengedthecapitalistsystemofpropertyowners

hip—intheformofaboardgame.In1904,shepatentedherLandlord’sGame,whichconsistedofacircuitofstreetsandlandmarksforsale.Magie’sgam

econtainedtwosetsofrules:TheProsperityrulesandtheMonopolistrules.TheProsperityrulesstatedthateveryplayershouldgaineachtimesomeoneacquiredanewproperty

.Thegamewaswon(byall!)whentheplayerstartingwiththeleastmoneydoubledhisorherfortune.UnderMonopolistrul

es,ontheotherhand,eachplayeradvancedbyacquiringpropertiesandcollectingrentfromallwholandedtherelater

.Whoevermanagedtobankrupttheotherplayerswonthegame.Thepurposeofthedualsetsofrules,saidMagie,wasforplayerstounderstandhowthese

differentapproachestopropertycanleadtodifferentsocialoutcomes:“allwin”or“winall.”Thegamesoonbecameah

itoncollegecampusesandamongQuakercommunities,andsomepeoplemodifiedthegameboard.AnunemployedplayernamedCharlesDarrowso

ldthismodifiedversiontothemanufacturerParkerBrothersashisown.However,whenthegame’strueorigincametolight,ParkerBrothersboughtthepatentfromMagiefo

ronly$500.Theythenre-launchedthegameasMonopoly,includingonlytherulesleadingtothetriumphofoneoverall.Darrowwaspublicizedastheinvento

rwhohadbecomeamillionairefromsellingthegame.Thusarags-to-richesmythwascreated,ironicallyexemplifyingMonopoly’simplicit(含蓄的)values:Chasewealthandcrush

youropponentsifyouwanttocomeoutontop.12．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Thecreationandmodificationofaboardgame.B．Afightbetweenpatentownersofapopularga

me.C．Asocio-economicvictorybehindalandlordgame.D．Thepersonwhobecameamillionairefromafungame.13．WhatwasthemainpurposeofMagie’sProsperi

tyrules?A．Toemphasizethevalueofthecapitalistsystem.B．Tointroducedifferentapproachestoobtainingnewland.C．Toadvocatethatallshouldbe

rewardedwhenoneacquireswealth.D．TochallengeGeorge’sideathatmenshouldhaveanequalrighttotheland.14．Whatdoes“arags-to-riche

smyth”refertointhelastparagraph?A．AmodifiedversionofMonopoly.B．Darrow’ssuccessaftersellingthegame.C．ParkerBrothers’purchas

eofMagie’spatent.D．Thepopularityofthegameoncollegecampuses.15．WhichofthefollowingwouldbestdescribeMagie

’sfeelingstowardtoday’sversionofhergame?A．Excited.B．Relieved.C．Doubtful.D．Displeased.【答案】12．A13．C14．B15．D【导语】这是一篇说明

文。文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。12．文章大意题。根据第一段“Monopoly(大富翁)isaverypopularboardgamearoundtheworldtoday,butlittleisknownaboutitsAmericaninventor,Eliza

bethMagie,andthephilosophybehindherinvention.(《大富翁》是当今世界上一款非常流行的棋类游戏，但人们对其美国发明家伊丽莎白·马奇及其发明背后的哲学知之甚少)”

以及全文可知，本篇文章主要介绍了著名桌游大富翁的由来以及演变。故选A。13．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“TheProsperityrulesstatedthateveryplayershouldgaineachtimesomeoneacquiredanewproperty.(

繁荣规则规定，每次有人获得新财产时，每个玩家都应该获得)”可知，繁荣规则提倡当一个人获得财富时，所有人都应该得到奖励。故选C。14．指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“AnunemployedplayernamedCharlesDarrowsoldthismodifiedv

ersiontothemanufacturerParkerBrothersashisown.(一位名叫查尔斯·达罗的失业球员将这一修改版本作为自己的产品出售给制造商帕克兄弟)”以及倒数第二句话“Theythenre-lau

nchedthegameasMonopoly,includingonlytherulesleadingtothetriumphofoneoverall.Darrowwaspublicizedastheinventorwhohadbecomeamillionairefromsel

lingthegame.(然后，他们以垄断的形式重新推出了游戏，只包括导致“一胜一负”的规则。达罗被宣传为发明者，他因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁)”可知，达罗从手无分文的失业球员因出售这款游戏而成为百万富翁。由此可知，换线的单词指“达罗在出售游戏后的成功”。故选B。15．推理判断题。根据第二

段第二句话“InspiredbyHenryGeorgewhobelievedthatallmenshouldhaveanequalrighttousethelandastheyhavetobreatheair,shechallengedthecapitalistsy

stemofpropertyownership—intheformofaboardgame.(受亨利·乔治的启发，她认为所有人都应该享有平等的土地使用权，就像呼吸空气一样。她以棋盘游戏的形式挑战了资本主义的财产所有权制度)”以及第四段最后一句话“Thusar

ags-to-richesmythwascreated,ironicallyexemplifyingMonopoly’simplicit(含蓄的)values:Chasewealthandcrushyouropponentsifyouwanttoco

meoutontop.(于是，一个白手起家的神话诞生了，讽刺的是，它体现了垄断的隐性价值观：追逐财富，如果你想在竞争中脱颖而出，就击败对手)”可知，现在游戏的版本体现了垄断的隐性价值观，和Magie最初的理念是想违背的。由此可推知，她对现在游戏的版本应该是感

到不高兴的。故选D。阅读理解【浙江省嘉兴市2022-2023学年高三上学期9月基础测试】BookCoverArtContestDoyouhaveapassionforpainting?Areyouwildaboutwaterc

olor?Areyouaphotographerwholovestorecordmomentsintheclickofabutton?Thenthisisyourchancetoseeyourworkdisplayedonthecoverofab

ook!TeenInkisseekingoutateentocreatecoverartforTeensTalk:AreYouListening?ByteenauthorMariaProulx!Writtenbyateenforteens,thebookdisc

ussesmattersrelevantinateen’slife.TeenInkisinterestedinallmediumsandthesky’sthelimit!Deadline:November15,2022

Guidelines:●Format:6×9,300dpi.●TeenInkwillonlyconsiderphotosandartworkbyteens.●Thebestimagesforthebookcoverareclear,closeupandhighresolu

tion.●Artworkmustbewellphotographed(noflash)andsubmitted.●Thereisnolimittothenumberofimagesyoucansubmit!●Becreative;don’t

betooliteralinyourinterpretationoftheauthor’spoint.●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownloadanoutlineoftheb

ookhere.Submissions:●Submitentriesthroughthislink.AllphotographsandartworksubmittedtoTeenInkareautomaticallyconsider

edforthecoverartcontest.Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.●Tomakesureyourartworkisincludedinthecontest,include“TeensT

alkContest”inthefirstpartofyourartwork’stitle(e.g.,TeensTalkContest:DigitalAddiction).1．Whatdoesthebook“TeensTalk:AreYouListening?”conc

ern?A．Issuesrelatedtoteenagelife.B．Skillsatdesigningabookcover.C．Teenagers’commentsonartwork.D．Variousmediumsofcommun

ication.2．Whichofthefollowingentriesmaybeconsidered?A．Aphototakenbyamiddle-agedperson.B．Aphotosubmittedjustonedayaftertheduedate

.C．Apaintingphotographedwithflashfromadistance.D．Apaintingwithcreativeideasandbasedonthetheme.3．Whereisthis

textprobablytakenfrom?A．Abookreview.B．Anofficialwebsite.C．Atrainingbrochure.D．Anadvertisingposter.【答案】1．A2．D3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文文

。文章主要介绍了书籍封面艺术大赛的相关情况。1．细节理解题。根据第二段“ByteenauthorMariaProulx!Writtenbyateenforteens,thebookdiscussesmattersrelevantinateen’slife.(这本书是由

一个青少年写给青少年们的，讨论了青少年生活中的相关问题。)”可知，《青少年谈话：你在听吗?》关注的是与青少年生活有关的问题。故选A。2．细节理解题。根据Guidelines:中的“●TeenInkwillonlyconsiderphotosandartworkbyteens.(TeenInk

只考虑青少年的照片和艺术品。)”、“●Becreative;don’tbetooliteralinyourinterpretationoftheauthor’spoint.(●有创造力；在解释作者的观点时，不要太逐字逐句。)”和“●Considerthethemeofthebook;Plea

sedownloadanoutlineofthebookhere.(●考虑书的主题；请在这里下载这本书的大纲。)”可知，一幅以主题为基础的有创意的画可以参选。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据Guidelines:中的“●Considerthethemeofthebook;Pleasedownload

anoutlineofthebookhere.(●考虑书的主题；请在这里下载这本书的大纲。)”和Submissions:中的“Seeoursubmissionguidelinesformoreinformation.(更多信息请参见我们的提交指南。)”可推断，这段文字可能来自官方网站。故

选B。Whenevermynine-year-olddaughterapproachedme,eyeswide,withanotebookandapen,tellingmeshewantedtoengageinagameofschool,somethinginsidemefr

oze.TherewasamentalblocksohugethatitfeltlikeIwasbeingaskedbyElonMusktomakeapresentationaboutartificialinte

lligence.So,ninetimesoutoften,Imadeanexcuse.Whyisitsohardtoplaywithmychild?IrealizethisisbecauseIhavenoideahowtoplay.Ihavemanyhappymemori

esofmyyouth,butabsolutelynoneinvolvesplayingdollsorbuildingblockswithmyparents.Idon’tblamethembecausetheywereneverpl

ayedwithaschildreneither.WhenIaskthemwhattheirownchildhoodswerelike,mydadtellsmeastoryaboutbeinglockedinacupboard,whilemymumrecalls

theboxofbuttonsshewastoldtoamuseherselfwith.Therearestudiesshowinghowimportantplayisforachild’sgrowth,andnoendofp

eoplecampaigningforouryoungtogetmoreofitatschool.ThepoetMichaelRosen,inhisBookofPlay,arguesplayisnotanextraanda

llofus,whateverage,coulddowithmoresillinessinourlives.AsRosenexplains,“Theneedforadultstobeproductivemember’sofsocietymeanswee

ndupthinkingofthingsthatmakeuslaugh,orwhicharefuntodo,asnotbeingverysignificantorhavingverylittlevalu

e.”Thisisexactlywhyweneedtoplaymore.Itlightenstheloadoflifeandallowsustogetbacktoachildlikestateofwonder.Playisvitaltohealth.Andit

iswhyI’vestartedplayingschoolgameswithmydaughter.Imanagedanentirehourandahalftheotherday—andafterwards,Ifelthappy.Agood20years

younger.4．Howdidtheauthorusetorespondtoherdaughter’srequestforagame?A．Shepretendedtobesurprised.B．Sheapologizedforbeingbusy.C．S

hechosetoavoidinvolvement.D．Sheturnedtoartificialintelligence.5．Whatdoestheauthorfocusonwhilegivinganexplanationinp

aragraph2?A．Thegamecategory.B．Memorystrategies.C．Thegenerationgap.D．Childhoodexperiences.6．WhichofthefollowingwouldRosenpro

bablyagreewith?A．Laughteristhebestmedicine.B．Playisnotonlyintendedforchildren.C．Thinkinglikeakidfreespeop

leofstress.D．Stayingcuriousmakesaproductiveworker.7．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A．Childre

ngrowupwellinafunenvironment.B．Familyinteractionstrengthenstheparent-childtie.C．Parentsoweittotheirchildrentoplaymorewiththem.D．G

amesareessentialforchildrenbothatschoolandathome.【答案】4．C5．D6．B7．C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章指出玩耍对健康至关重要，父母应该多和自己

的孩子玩耍。4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“TherewasamentalblocksohugethatitfeltlikeIwasbeingaskedbyElonMusktomakeapresentationaboutartificialintell

igence.So,ninetimesoutoften,Imadeanexcuse.(有一个巨大的精神障碍，让我感觉像是被ElonMusk邀请做一个关于人工智能的演讲。所以，十有八九，我找了个借口)”可知，当作者的女儿要求玩游戏时，她选择了避免参与。故

选C。5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ihavemanyhappymemoriesofmyyouth,butabsolutelynoneinvolvesplayingdollsorbuildingblockswithmyparents.Idon’tblamethemb

ecausetheywereneverplayedwithaschildreneither.WhenIaskthemwhattheirownchildhoodswerelike,mydadtellsmeastoryaboutbeinglockedinacupboard,whilemymumrec

allstheboxofbuttonsshewastoldtoamuseherselfwith.(我的童年有很多快乐的回忆，但绝对没有一个是和父母一起玩洋娃娃或搭积木的。我不怪他们，因为他们小时候也没被玩过。当我问他们自

己的童年是什么样子时，我爸爸给我讲了一个被锁在橱柜里的故事，而我妈妈则回忆起别人告诉她用来娱乐的一盒纽扣)可知，作者在第二段中解释时重点关注的是童年经历。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The

poetMichaelRosen,inhisBookofPlay,arguesplayisnotanextraandallofus,whateverage,coulddowithmoresillinessinourliv

es.(诗人MichaelRosen在他的《玩耍之书》(BookofPlay)中指出，玩耍并不是多余的，我们所有人，无论年龄多大，都可以在生活中多做些蠢事)”可推知，Rosen可能同意游戏不仅仅是为儿

童设计的。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Therearestudiesshowinghowimportantplayisforachild’sgrowth,andnoendofpeoplecampaign

ingforouryoungtogetmoreofitatschool.(有研究表明玩耍对孩子的成长是多么重要，人们不断地呼吁我们的孩子在学校里得到更多的玩耍)”及最后一段中的“Playisvitaltohealth.AnditiswhyI’ves

tartedplayingschoolgameswithmydaughter.(玩耍对健康至关重要。这就是为什么我开始和我女儿一起玩学校里的游戏)”可推知，作者想在文中表达的意思是父母应该多和孩子玩，这是为了他们的孩子。故选C。

Asanewmotherin2016,TashGorstwasscrolling(翻阅)throughherphonewhenshefelldowntherabbitholeofreadingaboutplasticpo

llution.Fast-forwardto2019andshehadopenedGather,anorganiczero-wasteshop.CustomerscometoGathertorefilltheirowncont

ainerswitheverythingfromricetobeautyproducts.Andit’snotonlytheproducethatissustainable—theshopispoweredbyrenewableenergyandfinancedbyamoresust

ainablebank,whilealltheunitsinsidehavebeenmadefromwastematerials,mostlybyGorstherself.Zero-wasteshopshave

becomeanincreasinglycommonfeatureonthestreetsinrecentyears.Wheretheyhavegone,supermarketsnowlooksettofollow,withMorrisons,Marks&Spenc

erandWaitroseallrecentlyagreeingtoaddrefillstationsinshopsbytheendofthisyear.Meanwhile,Asdahasintroducedrefillaisles(过道)tomoreof

itssupermarketsfollowingsuccessfultrials.Assmallstartupbusinessesaimingtomakeresponsibledecisionswith

outcuttingethical(道德上的)corners,refillshopstendtobemoreexpensivethansupermarketsandchains.Gorstacknowledgesthatnoteveryonecanaffor

dtobuyfromthem.“Butifyoucan,youshould.You’llfeelgoodaboutthesmalldecisionthatyou’vemadeincontributingtoyourlocaleconomyanddoingsomethin

gthat’sbetterfortheplanet,”shesays.Emily,DrabbleisaregularGathercustomer.Shebuyseverythingthatwould“normallybeencasedinplast

ic”,fromcleaningproductstofoodlikepasta,whichsheputsintoglasscontainers.“WhenIgethome,Iloveunpackingmyshopp

ing,throwingnothinginthebin,”Drabblesays.Andcustomersatrefillshopsgetmorethanjustphysicalgoods,notesGorst.Besidesemployingfourlocal

people,Gather,forexample,holdsfreeevents,includingamonthlybookclubforreadingaboutsustainability,workshopsforkid

sandsoon.“Ialsoseeitasaplacetobringpeopletogether,”shesays.8．WhydoestheauthormentionGorst’srandomreadinginp

aragraph1?A．Toshareaparentingexperience.B．Toofferbackgroundinformation.C．Toattachimportancetomotivation.D．Toshowadvantagesofdigitalreading.9．

WhichofthefollowingisasignificantfeatureofGather?A．Itisruninanecologicallyfriendlyway.B．Itsellssustainablegoodsatbargainprices.C．

Itisonlyfavoredbycustomerswithagreenconcept.D．Itdiffersfromsupermarketsinlow-carbonawareness.10．WhatisDrabble’sattitudetowar

dsrefillshops?A．Amused.B．Critical.C．Objective.D．Enthusiastic.11．Whatdoestheexampleinthelastparagraphimply?A

．Peoplemayregardrefillshopsasfitnessclubs.B．Refillshopsoughttosharesomesocialresponsibilities.C．Peoplecanbenefitmoref

romrefillshopsthanexpected.D．Refillshopsneedtoholdvariouseventstopromotesales.【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一名新妈妈TashGorst在翻阅手

机时阅读到了关于塑料污染的内容时发现了一个“新世界”。到2019年，她开设了Gather，一家有机零废物商店，并取得很好的社会效应。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Asanewmotherin2016,TashGorstwasscrolling(翻阅)throughherphonewh

enshefelldowntherabbitholeofreadingaboutplasticpollution.Fast-forwardto2019andshehadopenedGather,anorganiczero-wasteshop.(20

16年，TashGorst作为一名新妈妈，在翻阅手机时阅读到了关于塑料污染的内容时发现了一个“新世界”。快进到2019年，她开设了Gather，一家有机零废物商店)”及下文对TashGorst的介绍可推知，作者在第一段中提到Gorst的随机阅读，以提供背景

信息。故选B。9．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Andit’snotonlytheproducethatissustainable—theshopispoweredbyrenewableenergyandfinancedbyamoresustainableb

ank,whilealltheunitsinsidehavebeenmadefromwastematerials,mostlybyGorstherself.(不仅仅农产品是可持续发展的——这家商店的能源是可再生能源，由一家更可持续发展的银行提供资金，而店内所有的部件都是由废料制成的，其中大

部分是由Gorst自己制作的)”可知，Gather以生态友好的方式运行是它的一个重要特征。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Emily,DrabbleisaregularGathercustomer.Shebuyseverythingt

hatwould“normallybeencasedinplastic”,fromcleaningproductstofoodlikepasta,whichsheputsintoglasscontainers.(Emily,Drabble是聚乐会的常客。她购买所有“通常用塑料包装”的东西，从清

洁产品到意大利面等食物，她把它们放进玻璃容器中)”可推知，Drabble对补货店的态度是热情的。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andcustomersatrefillshopsgetmorethanjustphysicalgoods,notesGo

rst.Besidesemployingfourlocalpeople,Gather,forexample,holdsfreeevents,includingamonthlybookclubforreadingaboutsu

stainability,workshopsforkidsandsoon.“Ialsoseeitasaplacetobringpeopletogether,”shesays.(Gorst指出，在补货商店的顾客得到的不仅仅是实物。例如，除了雇用四名当地人

外，Gather还举办免费活动，包括一个阅读可持续发展书籍的月度读书俱乐部、儿童研讨会等等。“我还认为这是一个让人们聚在一起的地方，”她说)”可推知，最后一段中的例子表明，人们可以从补货商店中获得比预期更多的好处。故选C。Somepenguins(企鹅

)adapttheircallstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknowninonlyafewspeci

es,includinghumans.LuigiBaciadonnaattheUniversityofTurin,Italy,andhiscoworkersrecordedAfricanpenguinsfromt

hreedifferentcolonies(群体)overthreeyears,andalsoobservedthebehavioralpatternsofoneofthecoloniestoseewhichpengu

inswerepartnersorfriendly.Theythenanalyzedspecificvocal(声音的)calls,whichthepenguinsmadewhentheywerealoneortryingtok

eeptrackoftheirfriends.Theycomparedfourdistinctvocalsignaturessuchasthefrequencyofthecalls.Thesignaturesbecamemoresimilarovert

imeforpenguinsthatwerepartnersorinthesamecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother’scalls.Thisadaptat

ioncouldmakeiteasierforpenguinstofindtheirpartnersandfriendsinacolony.“Imaginethatyouareinapub,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoisy

,”saysBaciadonna.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainwaysothatyourcommunicationismoreeffective.”Theabilitytoadaptcalls

inresponsetotheenvironment,knownasvocalaccommodation,isakeypartofvocallearning,amorecomplexsetofskillssuc

hasproducingnewsoundsthroughlearning.Identifyingwhichspeciesdisplayvocalaccommodationcouldprovidecluesforhowvocallearningdeveloped.Baciad

onnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthisaccommodationcouldhelpwithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.Thedistanceofpeng

uinsfromhumansontheevolutionarytreesuggeststhatvocalaccommodationcouldbecommontomanyspecies,butalotmoredatan

eedsgatheringfirst.“Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthatareabletoadapttheircallsslightly,butwedon’tknowthatyet,”saysSaraTorresOrti

zattheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“signatures”meaninparagrap

h3?A．Effects.B．Characteristics.C．Sources.D．Adjustments.13．WhatistheintentionofthequotesfromBaciadonnainparagraph4?A．Toexplainthereaso

nwhypenguinsadapttheircalls.B．Tohighlighttherolecommunicationplaysinsociallife.C．Toprovehumans’abilitytorecognizeeachother’svoices.D．Tostress

thedifferencebetweenhumanandanimalsounds.14．WhatremainstobeexploredaccordingtoSaraTorresOrtiz?A．Whetherpenguinscanpromotegroupharmony.B．Whether

allspeciescanadapttotheenvironment.C．Whethermorespeciesdisplayvocalaccommodation.D．Whetherpenguinsandhumansaresimilar

invocallearning.15．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Vocallearninginvolvesacomplexsetofskills.B．Vocalaccommodationhelpsbuildups

ocialbonds.C．Penguinsproducesimilarsoundsevenindifferentcolonies.D．Penguinsadapttheiraccentstosoundmoreliketheirf

riends.【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与它们的伴侣更加相似，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现。新的研究发现声音上的适应有助于建立社会关系。12．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“became

moresimilarovertimeforpenguinsthatwerepartnersorinthesamecolony,andforpenguinsthatheardmoreofeachother’

scalls(随着时间的推移，伴侣企鹅或同一群体的企鹅，以及听到更多彼此叫声的企鹅变得越来越相似)”可推知，此处伴侣企鹅或同一群体的企鹅的声音特征变得越来越相似。由此推知，划线词signatures与Characteristics(特征，特色)意思接近。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据

第四段中的““Imaginethatyouareinapub,youarewithyourfriendsandyourenvironmentisquitenoisy,”saysBaciadonna.“Whatyoudoistrytotalkinacertainwaysothatyourcomm

unicationismoreeffective.”(“想象一下，你在一家酒吧里，和朋友在一起，周围的环境非常嘈杂，”Baciadonna说。“你要做的就是试着用一种特定的方式说话，这样你的沟通就会更有效。”)”可推知，

第四段引用Baciadonna的话的目的是为了解释为什么企鹅会改变它们的叫声。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Therecouldbeahugevarietyofdifferentspeciesthat

areabletoadapttheircallsslightly,butwedon’tknowthatyet,”saysSaraTorresOrtizattheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinMunich,Germany

.(“可能有很多不同的物种能够轻微地适应它们的叫声，但我们还不知道这一点，”德国慕尼黑马克斯·普朗克鸟类研究所的SaraTorresOrtiz说)”可推知，根据SaraTorresOrtiz的说法，是否有更多的物

种表现出声音适应性还有待探索。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Somepenguins(企鹅)adapttheircallstobecomemoresimilartotheirpartnersovertime,anabilitythatwaspreviouslyknownino

nlyafewspecies,includinghumans.(随着时间的推移，一些企鹅会调整它们的叫声，使之与它们的伴侣更加相似，这种能力以前只在包括人类在内的少数物种中被发现)”及倒数第二段中的“Baciadonnaandhisteamalsoproposethatthis

accommodationcouldhelpwithgroupharmonyandsocialbondsbetweenindividualpenguins.(Baciadonna和他的团队还提出，这种适应可以帮助企鹅群体和谐和个体之间的社会联系)”可知，本文通过对企鹅

改变声音的研究，表明了声音上的适应有助于建立社会关系。故选B。阅读理解【2023届浙江省杭州第二中学新高三上学期适应性测试】OfficialTicketingServiceWelcometotheofficialLouvreonlinesalessiteTheMuséeduLouvreisre

openingandwearegladtobeabletowelcomeyoubackagain.InlinewiththemeasurestakentopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,visitor

swillberequiredtowearamask.Accordingtogovernmentrecommendations,allvisitorstotheLouvreaged12yearsandtwomonthsoroldermustsho

waHealthPass.Allvisitors,includingthoseentitledtofreeadmission,mustbookatimeperiod.Pleaseacceptourapologiesfortheinconvenience.In

dividualticketsfortheMuseumAdmissionandreservationofatimeperiodtoaccessthepermanentcollections.Ticketsvalidfortheselecteddateon

ly.FulllistofvisitorsentitledtofreeadmissionatLouvre.fr.Generaladmission:€18TheMuséeduLouvreisopeneveryday—exceptTuesdays,January1,Ma

y1andDecember25—from9:00amto6:00pm.Visitorswillbeaskedtoleavetheexhibitionrooms30minutesbeforeclosure.Allticketspurchasedonline

aretime-stampedandnominative(记名的);youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.Theyareonlyvalidfortheservice,

dateandtimeselected.Theycannotbeusedtoskipthequeuebutdoguaranteeaccesstothemuseumwithinhalfanhourofthetimesho

wnontheticket.Anyholderofanonlineticketwhodoesnotarrivewithintheassignedtimeperiodforadmissiontothemuseumshallbesu

bjecttothesameadmissionandwaitingconditionsasvisitorswithouttickets.Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission(otherthanLouv

remembers)—Under18s,proofofIDrequired—16-25year-oldresidentsoftheEuropeanEconomicArea(EuropeanUnion,Norway,Iceland,andLiechten

stein),proofofIDandresidencyrequiredProfessionals—TeachersworkinginFrance,valid“PassEducation”required—Teachersofart,arthistoryortheapplieda

rts,validproofofemploymentstatingsubjecttaughtrequired—ArtistswiththeMaisondesArtistesorInternationalAssociationofArt,validproofreq

uiredOther—Jobseekers,validproofandIDrequired(datedwithinthelastyearorindicatingaperiodofvalidity)—Disabledvisitorsandthepersonaccompanyingthem1．Th

ispassagemainlyaimsat________.A．introducingtheexhibitsattheLouvreB．providingticketinginformationoftheLouv

reC．listingrestrictionsonadmissiontotheLouvreD．clarifyingthehistoryoftheLouvre2．IfafamilyinNorway,includ

ingthewife,anartteacher,thehusband,anITengineer,anda10-year-oldson,wanttovisittheLouvrethisweekend,they

shouldpayatleast________inall.A．€18B．€36C．€45D．€543．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheLouvrefromthepassage?A．I

tisopeneverydayexceptonTuesdays.B．Itsonlineticketsguaranteeaccesstoitatanytime.C．ProofofIDisrequiredforanyon

ebuyingitsticketsonline.D．Ticketholdersmayberefusedtoenteritifarrivinganhourlate.【答案】1．B2．A3．C【导语】本篇文章是一篇应用文。文章介绍了罗浮宫网上的票务信息以及注意事项。1

．主旨大意题。根据标题“OfficialTicketingService”（官方门票服务）可知，下文主要讲的是关于罗浮宫的门票信息，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据问题可知是在问价格方面的，所以在文章中找相关价格的。根据“Generaladmission:€18”（一般价格是18欧元）以

及“Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission(otherthanLouvremembers)”（有权免费入场的拜访者）包括的“Under18s,proofofIDrequired”（18岁以下，需要提供身份证明）还有“—Teachersofart,arthistoryor

theappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatingsubjecttaughtrequired”（艺术、艺术老师或者是应用艺术，提供有效的就业证明。），题目中包含的有“IfafamilyinNorway,includingthewife,anar

tteacher,thehusband,anITengineer,anda10-year-oldson”（如果在挪威的家庭，包括作为艺术教师的妻子，作为IT工程师的丈夫还有一个10岁的儿子）可知，妻子和儿子是免费的，丈夫是需要支付

一般费用的，所以至少需要18欧元，故选A。3．推理判断题。根据“Allticketspurchasedonlinearetime-stampedandnominative(记名的);youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovide

proofofidentity.”（所有网上买票都有时间盖章的并且是记名的，因此你可能被要求提供身份证明）可知，买票需要身份验证，所以人们需要提供身份证明来购票，故选C。I’vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationship

withablackwalnuttree.It’sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yournei

ghborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthe

garden.Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It’spoisono

ustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantvarietiesthatIbroughthomewithhopesthatmaybetheblackwalnutwouldacce

ptthem,buttheyfailedtoflourish.Whatdoesworkarenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Nativeplantsareimportanttohavearoundsince

theyprovidebeneficialpollinators(传粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterflieswithseedsandcontributetoahealthyandbiodiverseen

vironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyard?Yes,howeve

r,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.It’salsoprotectedunderthelaw.Rightfullyso.Treesareimporta

nttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnut.Ican’timagi

neaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.I’dmissfallingasleeponlazyweek

endafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleaves.Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseasonholds:Whatarethechancesofbeingknockedunconsciouswhil

ebarbecuing?Likeanygoodrelationship,I’llneverbepleased.I’mstuckwiththistree,soI’lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.Inreturn,myw

alnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.4．Whydoestheauthorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden?A．Toprotecttheinjuredskull.B．Topreventherselffro

msunburn.C．Toavoidbeinghitbythenuts.D．Toreducethechanceofgettingbittenbybees.5．Whatisthetree’ssurvivalstrategy?A．Itattractsbenef

icialpollinators.B．Itletsoutpoisontodriveawaypests.C．Itproducesachemicalfataltosomeplants.D．Itcompetesfornutritionwithsimilarspecies.6．Whichofthefol

lowingDOESN’Taccountfortheauthor’slove-haterelationshipwiththetree?A．Thevolumeofitsfruitsmaybringinconvenience.B．Thetreeoutcompetesthenativeplantsin

thegarden.C．Thetreeishometonumerousbirdsandothercreatures.D．Thepresenceofthetreetakesupmuchspaceofth

egarden.7．Theauthormostprobablygotareminderfromthetreethat________.A．it’sbettertogivethantotakeB．treesandplantshavetheirownwa

ystoflourishC．evenagoodrelationshipisnotalwaystrouble-freeD．acceptance,insteadofresistance,isthebetterwaytobe【答案】4．C5．C6

．B7．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者后院的黑胡桃树给他带来困扰，但同时也让作者感到自然的生机。于是，作者学会包容接纳，享受与黑核桃树相伴的生活。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskull

s(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.(掉落的果实会和棒球一样坚硬，可能伤到你、孩子、邻居和那些住在隔壁的人的脑袋。)”可知，作者在果园里劳动时，会佩戴一个自行车头盔，是为了

保护头部不会被树上掉落的坚硬果实砸伤，故选C项。5．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It’spoisonoustoseveralc

ommonplants.(作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。它对几种常见的植物来说是有毒性的。)”可知，黑胡桃树的生存策略就是释放一种对其他一些常见植物物种有毒的物质，以独占生存资源。故选C项。6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Nativeplantsfo

rthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.(这个地区的原生植物通常很容易生长，所以它们承受的压力较小。)”可知，在这个果园中，黑胡桃树在与当地

原生植物的生存竞争中并未占据优势，原生植物长势繁荣，这并非是作者对黑胡桃树又爱又恨的原因之一。故选B项。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpain

inmytinybackyard?Yes,however,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossibl

e.(我有没有想过摆脱这个小小的后院的大麻烦吗？是的，然而，要摆脱这棵50英尺高、树干只有87英寸的树几乎是不可能的。)”和最后一段“I’mstuckwiththistree,soI’lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespacei

trequires.(我就与这棵树相伴，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。)”可知，作者从这棵树身上得到了这样启示：包容接纳，而非抗拒，会让生活更美好。故选D项。Althoughitisabusinessnotmanyareawareof,sidewalkrobotsaresettobecom

eanindustrywithannualsalesof$Ibnwithinadecade,reckonsIDTechEx,aBritishfirmofanalysts.Thesefour-orsix-wheeledautonomousmachines,us

uallythesizeofasuitcase,arealreadydeliveringgroceriesandothergoodsinAmerica,ChinaandEurope.Thatputsthemaheadofmanydriverles

scars,vansandlorriesbeingdeveloped.Thosebiggervehiclesareheldbacknotbytechnologybutregulation,saysZehaoLiofIDTechEx.Sohavinga

"safetydriver"onboardreadytotakeoverifthereisaproblem,whichishardlylabor-saving.Fortheselargercontraptionsregulatorswanttoseesafetysystemsthor

oughlyproved.Buttherearelegalhurdles,too.InJanuaryBritain'sLawCommission,whichreviewslegislation,recommendedthatits

houldnotbethepersoninthedriver'sseatwhofacesprosecutionifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashes,butthemanufacturerorbodythatsoughtapprovalf

oritsuse.Meanwhile,sidewalkrobotsaregettingonwiththejob.Amongthem,StarshipTechnologies,basedinSanFrancisco,reckonsit

hasalreadyclockedupmorethan2.5mdeliverieswithbotsinanumberofcities,universitycampusesandbusinessparksinEuropeandAme

rica.AmazoniscarryingouttrialswithasimilarsortofmachineitcallsScout.Kiwibot,aColombianstartup,ismakingsidewalkdeli

veriesinCalifomia.Typically,theserobotscarryafewbagsofgroceriesusingavarietyofsensors,includingcameras,radarandGPSton

avigateandavoidobstaclesandpeople.Theirprogresscanbemonitoredonaphoneapp,whichalsounlocksthemforgoodstoberetrieved

.Astheyaresmall.moveslowly(Starship'sbotsmightreachaheady6kph)andare"telemonitored"bypeopleinacontrolroomwhocantakeover,authoritiesse

emmorewillingtogivethemagreenlight.Suchrobotsarealsobecomingmoreautonomous.InJanuaryServeRobotics,anotherSanFranciscanfirmwhosebacke

rsincludeUber,aride-hailinggiant,saidithaddeployedanewsidewalkbotwith"level4"autonomy,whichmeansitcanope

ratewithouttelemonitoringinsomepredesignatedareas.Roboticversionswhichoperateonroadsbuthavenodriver'scabarealsoappearing.Nur

o,aSiliconValleyfirm,makesoneaboutthesizeofasmallcarthatcancarry24bagsofgroceries.Ithaschilledandheatedcompartmentsforfoo

danddrinks.Furtheralongtheroadinearningtheirkeep,thesedeliverybotsarehelpingtopavethewayforthetimewhenbiggerautonomousve

hiclescanjointhem.8．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraphone?A．Sidewalkrobotsareportablelikeasuitcase.B．Inthepastdecade,Ibndollarshavebeeninvestedintoindustry

.C．ThedeliveryindustriesoftheUS,ChinaandEuropearedependentonsidewalkrobots.D．Theindustryofsidewalkrob

otisexpandingunknowingly.9．Accordingtothepassage,whoshouldberesponsibleforautomaticdrivingcaraccidents?A．Safetydriversseatedinthedr

iver'sseat.B．Everypassengerexceptthedriver.C．Organizationssupportiveofautonomousmode.D．Manufacturersandbodiesseeki

ngapprovalforusingsafetydrivers.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraphfourmean?A．reachedB．designedC．boughtD．invented11．Whichofthefoll

owingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．AmazonisusingScouttodelivergroceriesforpeople.B．Ifgroceriesarewronglydelivere

d,robotscantakethemback.C．Somerobotsmaydelivergrocerieswithnoonetelemonitoringthem.D．Bothcoldandhotf

oodcanbepreservedinsideasidewalkrobotdevelopedbyNuro.【答案】8．D9．C10．A11．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人行道上的自动用货机器人的应用、发展以及意义。8．推理

判断题。根据第一段第一句话“Althoughitisabusinessnotmanyareawareof,sidewalkrobotsaresettobecomeanindustrywithannualsalesof$Ibnwithinadecad

e,reckonsIDTechEx,aBritishfirmofanalysts.（英国分析公司IDTechEx估计，尽管人行道机器人是一个没有多少人意识到的行业，但它将在十年内成为一个年销售额为10亿美元的行

业。）”可推知，人行道机器人这个行业在没有人过多关注的情况下不断的扩张。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话“InJanuaryBritain'sLawCommission,whichreviewslegislation,recommendedth

atitshouldnotbethepersoninthedriver'sseatwhofacesprosecutionifavehicleinautonomousmodecrashes,butthemanufact

urerorbodythatsoughtapprovalforitsuse.（今年1月，负责审查立法的英国法律委员会建议，如果自动驾驶模式下的车辆发生碰撞，将面临起诉的不应是驾驶座上的人，而应是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构。）”可知，如果自

动驾驶模式下发生车祸，那么负责人的应该是寻求批准其使用的制造商或机构。故选C。10．短语猜测题。根据划线短语后面的部分“morethan2.5mdeliverieswithbotsinanumberof

cities,universitycampusesandbusinessparksinEuropeandAmerica（在欧洲、美国的一些城市、大学校园和商业园区多于250万辆机器人被交付使用）”可知，其中，总部位于旧金山的星际科技公司估计，在欧洲、美国

的一些城市、大学校园和商业园区，已经有超过250万辆机器人被交付使用。所以clockedup的意思为“达到”。故选A。11．推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句话“Amazoniscarryingouttri

alswithasimilarsortofmachineitcallsScout.（亚马逊正在使用一种类似的机器进行试验，该机器被称为Scout。）”可推知，Scout正在实验阶段，并没有投入使用。所以A项“亚马逊正在使用Scout为人们提供食品杂货。”表述错误。故选A。Parents,tea

chersandcaregivershavelongsuspectedthemagicofstorytellingtocalmkids.Researchershavenowquantifiedthebiologicalandemotionalbenefitsof

awell-toldtale.“Weknowthatnarrativehasthepowertotransportustoanotherworld,”saysGuilhermeBrockingtonfromBrazil’sFederalUniversity.“Earlierresearchs

uggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsu

bjectsansweringquestionswhilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytel

linginamorecommonplacehospitalsetting.”SoinvestigatorsworkinginseveralBrazilianhospitalssplitatotalo

f81patientsaged4to11intotwogroups,matchingthemwithstorytellerswhohadadecadeofhospitalexperience.Inonegroup,thestorytel

lerledeachchildinplayingariddlegame.Intheother,youngsterschosebooksandlistenedasthestorytellerreadthemaloud.Beforeandafterthesesessions

,theresearcherstookspitsamplesfromeachchild,thenaskedthemtoreporttheirpainlevelsandconductedafree-associationwordquiz.

Childreninbothgroupsbenefitedmeasurablyfromtheinteractions;theyshowedlowerlevelsofcortisol—thestress-relatedho

rmoneandhigherlevelsofoxytocin,whichisoftendescribedasafeel-goodhormone.Yetkidsinthestorytellinggroupben

efitedsignificantlymore:theircortisollevelswereaquarterofthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheiroxytocinlevelswerenearlytwiceashigh.Thosewhoheardstoriesalso

reportedpainlevelsdroppingalmosttwiceasmuchasthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheyusedmorepositivewordstodescribetheirhospitalstay.Thestudyd

emonstratesthatplayinggamesorsimplyinteractingwithsomeonecanrelaxkidsandimprovetheiroutlookbutthathearingstorieshasanespeciallydramaticeffect.There

searchers“reallytriedtocontrolthesocialinteractioncomponentofthestoryteller,whichIthinkwasthekey,”saysRaymondM

ar,apsychologistatYorkUniversitywhowasnotinvolvedinthenewresearch.Next,theinvestigatorsplantostudyhowlongtheseeffectslast,al

ongwithstorytelling’spotentialbenefitstokidswithparticularillnessessuchascancer.FornowBrockingtonsaystheresultsindicate

storytellingisalow-costandextremelyefficientwaytohelpimprovehealthoutcomesinavarietyofsettings.Maragrees.“It’sverypromisingandscalab

le,”hesays,“andpossiblygeneralizable.”12．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theeffectsofstory-tellingonchildren.B．Thelimitationsoftheearl

ierresearch.C．Themethodsusedinearlierstudies.D．Themajorbreakthroughsachievedsofar.13．Theunderlinedword“scalable”inthelastp

aragraphisclosestinmeaningto_________.A．accessibleB．comparableC．adjustableD．readable14．Whichofthefollowing

isTRUEaboutthestudyconductedinBrazilianhospitals?A．Itmeasuredparticipants’bloodlevels.B．Itdividedsubjectsintogro

upsof81.C．Itquantifiedthebenefitsofstory-telling.D．Itcomparedimpactoftwotypesofstory-telling.15．Theconc

lusiondrawnfromthestudyisthat________.A．listeningtostoriesreducespainandstressinhospitalizedkidsB．interactingwithothersim

provessickkids’mentalsharpnessC．storytellinghaspotentialbenefitsforkidswithcancersD．riddleguessingisaseffectiveasstorytellinginhe

lpingsickkids【答案】12．B13．A14．C15．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究人员现在已经量化了一个讲得好的故事在生理和情感上的好处。12．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Earlierresear

chsuggestedthatstorieshelpchildrenprocessandregulatetheiremotions—butthiswasmostlyconductedinalaboratory,withsubjectsanswering

questionswhilelyinginsidefunctionalMRImachines.Therearefewstudiesonbiologicalandpsychologicaleffectsofstorytellinginamorecommonplaceho

spitalsetting.(早些时候的研究表明，故事有助于儿童处理和调节他们的情绪——但这主要是在实验室中进行的，受试者躺在功能性核磁共振成像仪里回答问题。很少有关于在更常见的医院环境中讲故事对生物和心理影响的研究。)”

可知，第二段主要讲的是早期研究的局限性。故选B。13．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“theresultsindicatestorytellingisalow-costandextremelyefficientwaytohelpimprovehealthoutcomesinavarietyofset

tings(研究结果表明，讲故事是一种低成本且极其有效的方法，可以帮助改善各种环境下的健康状况)”可知，这种方法是可行的，可使用的，scalable和accessible(可使用的)意思相近，故选A。14．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Chil

dreninbothgroupsbenefitedmeasurablyfromtheinteractions;theyshowedlowerlevelsofcortisol—thestress-relatedhormoneandhigherlevelsofoxytocin,wh

ichisoftendescribedasafeel-goodhormone.Yetkidsinthestorytellinggroupbenefitedsignificantlymore:theircortisollevelswereaquarteroftho

seintheriddlegroup,andtheiroxytocinlevelswerenearlytwiceashigh.(两组儿童都从互动中获益；他们的皮质醇（一种与压力相关的激素）水平较低，而催产素（一种常被描述为让人感觉良好的激素）水平较高。然而，讲故事组的孩子明显受益更多

：他们的皮质醇水平是谜语组的四分之一，催产素水平几乎是谜语组的两倍。)”可知，巴西医院进行的研究量化了讲故事的好处。故选C。15．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Thosewhoheardstoriesalsoreportedpainleve

lsdroppingalmosttwiceasmuchasthoseintheriddlegroup,andtheyusedmorepositivewordstodescribetheirhospitalstay.(那些听故事的

人报告的疼痛水平下降幅度几乎是听谜语的人的两倍，而且他们使用了更积极的词汇来描述他们的住院情况。)”和倒数第二段的“Thestudydemonstratesthatplayinggamesorsimplyinteractingwithsomeonecanrelaxkidsandimpr

ovetheiroutlookbutthathearingstorieshasanespeciallydramaticeffect.(该研究表明，玩游戏或与人互动可以让孩子放松，改善他们的人生观，但听故事的效果尤其显著。)”可知，这项研究得出的结论是听故事可

以减轻住院儿童的痛苦和压力，故选A。阅读理解【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】IhadpassedthehighersecondaryexaminationwhenIhadtogiveupfurtherstudies.Ihadtobeear

ningsomethingtohelpthefamilybudget.Onedayalettercametomefromanofficeforaninterview.Iwasbothhappyandnervous;Iwastheonlyteen.Onthatparticularmorning,Ig

otready.Iputonthebestclothes.Theydidn'tcatchpeople'seye,buttheywerecleanandsuitable.Itookparticularcaretocleanandpolishmypa

irofshoes.Knowingthedifficultiesoftransport,Istartedwithplentyoftimeonhand.Ireachedtheofficebeforetheappointedtime.Whenmyturncame,Iwastr

embling,Ithink,butIwentquietlyandenteredclosingthedoorcarefullybehindme.Themanageraskedmetobeseated.HeaskedmewhyIwasgivingupmystudiesandrema

rkedthatIseemedtobetooyoungforthejob.IsaidthatIwaswillingtolearnandtoworkashardaspossible.“Haveyouanyothe

rplans?”heaskedme.IsaidthatifIgotthejob,Iwouldimprovemyqualificationsbyjoininganeveningclass.“Youngman”,hesaid,“If

wedoselectyou,youwillhavetoworkrightfromthebottomandworkyourwayupdependingonyourperformance.”IrepliedthatIwasyoungwithoutexper

ienceandIcouldn'texpectanythingbetter.ButifIfailed,itwouldnotbeduetoanylackofwillingnessonmypart.Itwasmyfirstin

terview,andIknowitwouldnotbethelast.SoIwasnotverymuchexcited.Onthecontrary,IfelteasythatIhadgonethroughitandgotsomeexperience.B

utIdidgetthejoballright.AndhereIamwritingthisessayonleavefromoffice,sittingformyfirstuniversityexamination.1

．Whydidthewritergiveuphisfurtherstudies?A．Hefailedintheexamination.B．Heshowednointerestinstudies.C．Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.D．Hisfamilydidn'

twanthimtogotouniversity.2．Whendidthewriterwritethisessay?A．Rightafterhisfirstinterview.B．Duringhisuniversityexamination.C．Duringhiswork

beforeleavingoffice.D．Beforehissecondtryforajobinterview.3．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．Myfirstjob.B．Mypoorf

amily.C．Myworkexperiences.D．Myfirstinterview.【答案】1．C2．B3．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者在青少年时期，第一次工作面试的经历。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Ihadpassedtheh

ighersecondaryexaminationwhenIhadtogiveupfurtherstudies.Ihadtobeearningsomethingtohelpthefamilybudget.(我通过了中考，这时候我不得不放弃继续深造。因为我需要

挣点钱来维持家庭开支。)”可知，作者放弃学业，是因为家庭预算不足，没有足够的钱支持他。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“AndhereIamwritingthisessayonleavefromoffice,sittingform

yfirstuniversityexamination.(我在这里写这篇文章，正在参加我的第一次大学考试。)”可知，作者是在大学考试中写得这篇文章。故选B项。3．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Onedayalet

tercametomefromanofficeforaninterview.(有一天，我收到一封来自一个办公室的面试邀请信。)”；最后一段“Itwasmyfirstinterview,andIknowi

twouldnotbethelast.(这是我第一次面试，我知道这不会是最后一次。)”以及通读全文可知，本文主要叙述作者第一次工作面试的经历。故选D项。Whetheryou'reacitizen,consumerorinvestor,itisfastbecomingakeylife

skilltomakeoutgreenwashing,awordmeaningacompanyclaimsthatitsproductsareenvironmentallyfriendlybutactuallynotgreenatall.Misleadingornotprovedc

laimsaboutbenefitstoclimatecanmakeitharderforpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Theycanalsoweakenrealeffortsbycompaniestocleanuptheiractanddealwit

htheclimatecrisis.Thebasicproblemisalackofclarity.Indeed,whenitcomestospottinggreenwashing,itcanactuallybemorehelpfultofocusont

hecolorgrey—becauseitisthemanygreyareasthathavehelpedmakegreenwashingappearinparticularplaces.Thesegreyareasmightbear

oundmeasurements,definitions,bestpractice,standardsorregulations.Eventhelanguageweuseisveryimprecise,leavinglotsofroo

mforvagueness,confusionorcompletecheating.Forinstance,whatdowordssuchas“green”,“sustainable”and“eco”evenmean?Youhavenostandards,measurement

sordefinitionstojudgeby.Theseproblemsareincreasinglyimportantwhenitcomestothegreenwashingofinvestmentproducts,suchaspensionsandinvestmentfunds.In

recentyears,therehasbeenasharpriseinconsumerdemandforfundsthatinvestaccordingtoenvironmental,socialandgovernanc

ecriteria,oftenreferredtoasESGfunds.AccordingtothefinancialdataproviderMorningstar,thevalueofassets(资产)heldinUKfundsgrewfrom£29bnatthebeginnin

gof2017to£71bnbytheendof2020.Withthatmuchmoneyatriskforhighprofits,misleadingclaimscaneffectivelyhampertheflowofmoneyan

dresourcesintoreallygreennewplansandbusinesses,preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.“Idescribeitasthe'teenageyea

rs'ofresponsibleinvesting,withalotofexperimentation,andalotofpeopletryingoutnewthings.”saysAshleyHamiltonClaxton.4．Whichofthefollowin

gcanbecalledgreenwashing?A．Aproductthatisclaimedtobenefittheclimate.B．Aproductthatcanbeenwashedinagree

nway.C．Aproductthatisabsolutelyenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Aproductthatisclaimedtobegreenwhilenotthecase.5．What'sth

emajorcauseoftheproblemofgreenwashing?A．Theproduct'sdescriptionisnotclear.B．Thelanguageisn'tgrammaticallyright.C．Th

erearenosuchwordsas“sustainable”.D．Thecompanydoesn'tsayit's“green”and“eco”.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”probablymean?A．putB．clari

fyC．stopD．divide7．Whatcanyouinferfromthelastparagraph?A．MuchmoneyenableshighprofitsB．Responsibleinvestingisstillatitsearlystage.C．Moremoneyisinve

stedinrealgreenbusinesses.D．Alotofpeopleareunwillingtotryoutnewthings.【答案】4．D5．A6．C7．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于对漂绿的描述不清

晰，导致了许多投资不能流入真正的绿色行业，阻碍了全球协作去处理气候紧急情况这一社会现象。4．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whetheryou'reacitizen,consumerorinvestor,itisfastbecomingakey

lifeskilltomakeoutgreenwashing,awordmeaningacompanyclaimsthatitsproductsareenvironmentallyfriendlybutactuallynotgreenatall.”(无论你是市民

，消费者还是投资者，理解漂绿正在快速成为一种关键的生活技巧，漂绿意思是一个公司声称他的产品是环境友好的，但实际上根本不是绿色的。)可知，漂绿声称是绿色的，然而事实情况不是这样的。故选D。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thebasicproblemisalackofcla

rity.Indeed,whenitcomestospottinggreenwashing,itcanactuallybemorehelpfultofocusonthecolorgrey—becauseitisthemanygrey

areasthathavehelpedmakegreenwashingappearinparticularplaces.”(根本问题是不清晰。实际上，当谈到漂绿的时候，关注灰色会更有帮助——因为是许多灰色地带帮助让漂绿出现在特定

的地方。)可知，导致漂绿问题的主要原因是对其的阐述不清晰，存在许多灰色地带。故选A。6．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateeme

rgency.”(阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。)可以推测出，错误的声明实际上阻碍钱和资源流入真正绿色的新计划和业务中，才会阻止全球协作处理气候紧急情况。A.put放；B.clarify阐明；C.stop停止，阻拦；D.divide分开。所以hamper应与选项C.

stop同义，意为阻止，阻碍。故选C。7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Idescribeitasthe'teenageyears'ofresponsibleinvesting,…”(我认为负责任的投资处于‘青少年时期’)可知，负责任的投资还处于早期阶段。故

选B。Harvestingdrinkingwaterfromwetairaroundtheclock?Nowthistechnologyisclosetothetheoreticalidealaim.Asreal-worldtestsontheroofofa

nETHbuildinginZurichrevealed,thenewtechnologycanproduceatleasttwiceasmuchwaterperareaperdayasthebestcurrentpassivetechnologies:thesmallexpe

rimentalsystemwithapane(一格玻璃)diameterof10centimetersdelivered4.6millilitersofwaterperdayunderreal-worldconditions.Largerdeviceswithlargerpa

neswouldgeneratemorewaterasaresult.Theresearchersdemonstratedthatunderidealconditions,theycouldharvestupto0.53decilitresofwaterpersqua

remeterofpanesurfaceperhour.“Thisisclosetothetheoreticalmaximumof0.6decilitresperhour,whichisphysicallythegreatestamount.”

IwanHächlersays.HeisadoctoralstudentinDimosPoulikakos's(ETHZurich)ThermodynamicsGroup.Othertechnologie

stypicallynecessitatewipingcondensed(冷凝的)waterfromasurface,whichrequiresenergy.Withoutthisstep,alargeportionofthecondensedwa

terwouldholdontothesurfaceandbecomeunusable,preventingfurthercondensation.TheETHZurichresearcherscoated

theundersideofthepaneintheirwatercondenserwithanovelsuperhydrophobic(extremelywater-resistant)coating.Asaresult,thecondensedwaterbea

dsupandrunsorjumpsoffonitsown.“Unlikeothertechnologies,ourscantrulyfunctionwithoutanyadditionalenerg

y,whichisasignificantadvantage,”Hächlersaid.Theresearchers’goalwastocreateatechnologyforwater-stressedcountries,particularlydevelopingandeme

rgingeconomies.Theybelievethatnowisthetimeforotherscientiststofurtherdevelopthistechnologyorcombineitwithothermethods,suchaswater

desalination,toincreasetheiryield.Thecoatingofthepanesisrelativelysimple,andlargerwatercondensersthanthecurrentpilotsystemshouldbepossib

le.Severalwatercondenserscouldbepositionedsidebysidetopiecetogetheralarge-scalesystem,similartohowsolarcellshaveseveralmodulesse

tupnexttoeachother.8．WhyarethenumbersusedinParagraph2-3?A．Toshowthestrengthsofthepresenttechnology.B．Toexplai

nthetheoryofanewwatercollectingdevice.C．Todemonstratethegreatdifficultytheresearchersmet.D．Tomakevividtheclose-to-i

dealefficiencyofthenewtechnology9．What’stheuniqueadvantageofthenewtechnology?A．Itusesadevicetowipeoffcondensedwate

r.B．Itenablesthewaterdropstorunoffbyitself.C．Itconsumesaverysmallamountofenergy.D．Ithastheupsideofthepanes

peciallycoated.10．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．ThenewtechnologyhasbeenputintouseB．Otherscientistshavebeenimprovi

ngthedevice.C．Developedcountriesareingreatneedofthisdevice.D．Itmaytakesometimetofurtherdevelopthetechnology.【答案】8．D

9．B10．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是已接近理想高效状态的全天候从潮湿的空气中收集饮用水的新技术的优势以及前景。8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Harvestingdrinkingwaterfromwetairaroundtheclock?N

owthistechnologyisclosetothetheoreticalidealaim.(全天候从潮湿的空气中收集饮用水?目前该技术已接近理论理想目标。)”以及文章第二段“Asreal-worldtestsontheroofofanETHbuildingi

nZurichrevealed,thenewtechnologycanproduceatleasttwiceasmuchwaterperareaperdayasthebestcurrentpassivetechnologies:(在苏黎世一座ETH建筑的屋顶上进行的真实

测试表明，这项新技术每天每区域产生的水至少是目前最好的被动技术的两倍：)”以及文章第三段“Theresearchersdemonstratedthatunderidealconditions,theycouldharvestupto0.53decilitresofwa

terpersquaremeterofpanesurfaceperhour.(研究人员证明，在理想的条件下，他们每小时每平方米的玻璃表面可以收获高达0.53分升的水。)”可知第二段和第三段提到的数字是为了更生动地展示新技术的接近理想的高效状态。故选D

项。9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“TheETHZurichresearcherscoatedtheundersideofthepaneintheirwatercondenserwithanovels

uperhydrophobic(extremelywater-resistant)coating.Asaresult,thecondensedwaterbeadsupandrunsorjumpsoffonitsown.“Unlikeoth

ertechnologies,ourscantrulyfunctionwithoutanyadditionalenergy,whichisasignificantadvantage,”(苏黎世联邦理工学院的研究

人员在水冷凝器的玻璃底部涂上了一种新型的极耐水涂层。结果，凝结的水珠会上升，自己跑开或跳开。“与其他技术不同，我们的技术可以在不需要额外能源的情况下真正发挥作用，这是一个显著的优势。”)”可知这项新技术的独特之处在于这一集水装置不需要使

用能源，而是使用了一种特殊涂层使得水滴形成并自动掉落。故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearchers’goalwastocreateatechnologyforwater-stressedcountries,particularlydevelopingandemer

gingeconomies.Theybelievethatnowisthetimeforotherscientiststofurtherdevelopthistechnologyorcombineitwithothe

rmethods,suchaswaterdesalination,toincreasetheiryield.(研究人员的目标是为水资源紧张的国家创造一种技术，特别是发展中国家和新兴经济体。他们认为，现在是其他科学家进一步开发这项技术的时候了，或者将其与其他方法结合起来，比如海水淡

化，以提高产量。)”可知这一装置需要其他科学家进一步改进或与其他手段结合，所以改进还需要一点时间。故选D项。阅读理解【浙江省山水联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期8月联考】4NewBookstoCrackYouupIfyou’relookingforabookthatw

illguaranteeagiggle,trytheselatestbestsellers.TheBoyWhoGotAccidentallyFamousbyDavidBaddiel.IllustratedbyStevenLenton(HarperCollinsChildren’s)Bill

ySmithiscompletelyordinary—untiladocumentarycrewturnsupathisschooltofilmanewTVseriesandhisboringclasspresentationunexpect

edlygoesviral.Billyissuddenlyanovernightsensation.Now,hislifeisawhirlwindofredcarpetsandheadlines—buthesoonfindsthatfamecomesw

ithaprice…TheUnderpantsofChaosbySamCopelandandJennyPearson.IllustratedbyRobinBoydenandKatieKear(PuffinBooks)StrangeSHIVERSarestri

kingLittleStrangehavenPrimary,leadingtobizarreevents.Spy-detectiveAgathaandnewboyLennysetouttofightoffevi

lunderpants.Thisisthefirstbookinanewseries.Looshkin:TheMaddestCatintheWorldbyJamieSmart.(DavidFicklingB

ooks)Looshkinmightlooklikeacutebluecatbutthisisthemaddestcatintheworld.LifeisneverboringwithLooshkinaround,butit’sdefinitelyveryf

unny.Fullofadventuresandside-splittingsilliness,thisbookisperfectforfansofBunnyV’sMonkeyandDogMan.HolidayAdventuresbySerenaPatel.Illustratedb

yEmmaMcCann(UsbornePublishing)Anishaisonholiday,butthere’snotimetorelaxwhentheholidaypark’smascot,Delilahtheduc

k,isdestroyed.AnishamustuseherinvestigativeskillstofindthecriminalsandprovethathernewfriendCleoisinnocent.1．WhatisthebookbyDavi

dBaddielabout?A．Lifeoffilmstars.B．ApopularTVseries.C．Ordinaryschooldays.D．Thetroubleoffame.2．Whichbookwillattractreaderswhoenjoyanimaladventur

es?A．TheBoyWhoGotAccidentallyFamous.B．TheUnderpantsofChaos.C．Looshkin:TheMaddestCatintheWorld.D．HolidayAdventures.3．The4booksare

intendedforloversof________.A．fairytalesB．funnystoriesC．romancefictionsD．sci-fithrillers【答案】1．D2．C3．B【导语】本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了四本

有趣的书，且简单的介绍了书的内容。1．细节理解题。根据文章第一部分TheBoyWhoGotAccidentallyFamous的“Billyissuddenlyanovernightsensation.Now,his

lifeisawhirlwindofredcarpetsandheadlines—buthesoonfindsthatfamecomeswithaprice…(比利突然一夜之间轰动一时。现在，他的生活充斥着红地毯和头条新闻——但他很快发现名声是有代价的

……)”可知，本书主要介绍了的是“名声背后的代价”。D项“Thetroubleoffame.(名声的烦恼)”符合原文表述，故选D项。2．细节理解题。根据文章的第三部分标题Looshkin:TheMaddestCat

intheWorld（Looshkin：世界上最疯狂的猫）和“Looshkinmightlooklikeacutebluecatbutthisisthemaddestcatintheworld.Lifeisn

everboringwithLooshkinaround,butit’sdefinitelyveryfunny.(Looshkin可能看起来像一只可爱的蓝猫，但这是世界上最疯狂的猫。有Looshkin在身边，生活永远不会无聊，但绝对很有趣)”可知，本

书主题跟“动物——猫”有关，是喜欢动物探险的人的不错选择。C项“Looshkin:TheMaddestCatintheWorld.(Looshkin：世界上最疯狂的猫)符合题干，故选C项。3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ifyou’relookingforabookthatwillguara

nteeagiggle,trytheselatestbestsellers.(如果您正在寻找一本可以保证笑声的书，请尝试这些最新的畅销书)”可知，这四本书都能给读者带来笑声，是为搞笑故事读者准备的。B项“funnystories(搞笑故事)”符合题干，故选

B项。Iusedtofancymyselfaprettygoodvacationer.Butonmyfamily'srecentweek-longtriptoMexicoourfirstrealgetawaysincethepandemicbegan—Igotmixedu

p.ThehugedifferencebetweentheexpectationsandtherealitiesoftravelhitmeafewhoursafterwelandedinCaboSanLucas,Mexico.DrivingourrentalcartoWalmart

tobuygroceries,wefoundourselvesstuckinstand-stilltrafficforovertwohours.Icomfortedmyselfwiththethoughtthatoncewearrived,myvacations

elfwouldemerge:relaxed,flexibleandreadyforasurfingfollowedbyamargarita(玛格丽塔酒)onthebeach—whilewearingoneofseveralsundressestha

thadbeengatheringdustinmyclosetsince2020.Readers,Ididnot.First,IwasdefeatedbywhatIwillwellrefertoas“traveler'sstomach.”Then,Iwasscaredoutofsurfingbyw

avesthatseemedtoomessyandpowerfulformyskills.AchillyfogkeptmefromunrollingthesundressesI'dcarefullypacked,andIendedupwrappedinthesame

sweat-shirtthatIworeontheairplane.Allseemedruined.Duringtheepisode,Inearlydrovemyselfcrazybyaskingconstantly,“HowcanIma

kethisbetter'?CanIfindadifferentrouteinthetraffic?”Butitwasjustaboutacceptance:gettingintothemoment,acc

eptingwhatitis,andtrusting—trustingthismaynotbethebestmomentofthevacation,buttherecanstillbegoodmomentsofthevacation.Indeed,Inoticedashiftinmymood.

AtsomestageIdiddrinkamargarita.Eventually,Ihadanenjoyableafternoonofsurfinginthesun.ButwhenIfondlyrememberthisv

acationnow,Imoreoftenreturntocurlinguponthehotelcouchwithmyhusband,watching“StrangerThings”insweats;orsi

ttingsand-cakedonthebeachwatchingourdaughterdiggingwithalocalgirl.Inthosesmallmoments,Iwassimplypresent.That'swhatvacationisallabout.4．Howdid

theauthorfeelonherwaytoWalmart?A．Relaxedandexpectant.B．Upsetbuthopeful.C．Disappointedanddefeated.D．Delightedbutconcer

ned.5．Whatpreventedtheauthorfromwearingthesundress?A．Sharpstomachache.B．Hugewaves.C．Coldweather.D．Favoredsweat-shirt

s.6．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorasthevacationwenton?A．Shepreferredtostayinthehotel.B．Shesoughtforbetterenjoyments.C．Sheachievedthego

alsasscheduled.D．Sheembracedtheimperfectmoments.7．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tosharereflectionsonatrip.B．Toprovideadviceonagetawa

y.C．TopromotetourisminMexico.D．Toinformchallengesofavacation.【答案】4．B5．C6．D7．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要分享了作者在疫情期间一次不太美妙的旅行经历。4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Drivingo

urrentalcartoWalmarttobuygroceries,wefoundourselvesstuckinstand-stilltrafficforovertwohours.Icomfortedmys

elfwiththethoughtthatoncewearrived,myvacationselfwouldemerge:relaxed,flexibleandreadyforasurfingfollowedbyamargarita(玛

格丽塔酒)onthebeach（我们开着租来的车去沃尔玛买食品杂货，发现自己被堵住了两个多小时。我安慰自己，以为一旦我们到达，我的假期就会自己浮现出来：放松、灵活，准备好冲浪，然后在海滩上喝一杯玛格丽塔酒）”可知，作者因为堵车心情沮丧，但同时对于即将到来的假期充满了希望，故选择B项。5．

细节理解题。根据第四段中“AchillyfogkeptmefromunrollingthesundressesI'dcarefullypacked,andIendedupwrappedinthesamesweat-

shirtthatIworeontheairplane.（寒冷的雾气使我无法展开我精心打包的背心裙，最后我穿着和在飞机上穿的一样的汗衫。）”可知，作者因为寒冷的天气而未能穿上背心裙，故选择C项。6．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Butitwasju

staboutacceptance:gettingintothemoment,acceptingwhatitis,andtrusting—trustingthismaynotbethebestmomentofthevacation,buttherecanst

illbegoodmomentsofthevacation.（但这只是一种接受：进入当下，接受现实，相信——相信——这可能不是假期中最好的时刻，但假期中仍有美好的时刻。）”可知，旅行继续时，作者接受了这些不完美的时刻，故选择D项。7．推理判断题。结合全文以及文章的第

一段“Iusedtofancymyselfaprettygoodvacationer.Butonmyfamily'srecentweek-longtriptoMexicoourfirstrealgetawaysincethepandemicbegan—Igot

mixedup.（我以前以为自己是个很好的度假者。但在我的家人最近为期一周的墨西哥之行中，这是疫情爆发以来我们第一次真正的度假——我被搞糊涂了。）”可知，本文的主要目的在于分享自己在疫情爆发后的一次旅行中的感想，故选择A

项。BackinNovember2019,AlessandraMascaro,avolunteerworkingattheOzougaChimpanzeeProjectinLoangoNationalPark,Gabon,WestAfrica,sawsomethingshecoul

dn’tquitebelieve—oneoftheapesnamedSuzeenoticedhersonSiahadhurthisfoot.Afterseeminglythinkingaboutthebestcourseofaction,sh

ethenpluckedaninsectoutoftheair,lickeditandappliedittothewound.Mascarocapturedthewholetouchingmomentonfilmandshowedhertutor,Dr.Tobi

asDeschner,azoologistworkingforOzouga.TheOzougateamthensetaboutmonitoringthechimpanzeesintheparkandlookingfo

rotherexamplesofthebehaviour.Overthefollowing15monthstheycaptured76incidencesoftheapesapplyinginsectstowoundsonthemselvesorothergroupm

embers.Theresearchersareuncertainwhythechimpsusetheinsects,orevenwhichinsectstheyare,butsuspecttheymighth

avelenitivepropertiesthatcouldprovidepainrelief.However,thefindingreallyprovesthattheactofapplyinganinsecttotreato

ther’swoundsisaclearexampleofprosocialbehaviour(亲社会行为)thatechoestheactsofempathydisplayedbyhumanbeings.“Thisis,forme,especiallybreathtakingb

ecausesomanypeopledoubtprosocialabilitiesinotheranimals.Suddenlywehaveaspecieswherewereallyseeindividualscaringforothers,”Deschnersaid.Theteam

nowaimstoidentifytheinsectsbeingusedbythechimpanzeesandinvestigatewhoisapplyinginsectstowhomtoestablishwh

etherthebehaviourisbasedonasocialrank.“Weneedtostillputmuchmoreeffortintostudyinggreatapesbecauseitiscrucialtoshedlightonourowncognitiveevolu

tion,”saidDeschner.8．HowdidSuzeetreatherson’swound?A．Bylickingtheinjury.B．Byadoptinganeasyway.C．Byusinga

certaininsect.D．Bypreventingtheinfection.9．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheword“lenitive”inParagraph2?A．Original.

B．Relieving.C．Refreshing.D．Resistant.10．WhatcanbeinferredfromtheOzougateam’sstudy?A．Apesarecapableofcaringfo

rothers.B．Chimpscandistinguishusefulinsects.C．Prosocialabilitiescomefromimitation.D．Socialranksdecidethepowerofempathy.11．WhatdoesDeschnerthinko

fthefinding?A．Itremainsamystery.B．Itfacilitatesevolution.C．Ithighlightsapes’intelligence.D．Itclarifiespeople’sdoubt.【答案】8．C9．B

10．A11．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了通过不断的观察，人们发现了黑猩猩的亲社会行为。8．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Afterseeminglythinkingaboutthebestcourseofaction,she

thenpluckedaninsectoutoftheair,lickeditandappliedittothewound.（在似乎考虑了最佳的行动方案之后，她从空中抓了一只昆虫，舔了舔，然后把它敷在伤口上）”可知，苏西是用一种虫子，来治疗她儿子的伤口的，故选C项。9．词句猜测题。根据第

二段中划线词后的句子“thatcouldprovidepainrelief.（这可以缓解疼痛）”可知，上文划线部分的lenitive与relieving“缓解的”同意，故选B项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Suddenlywehaveaspecieswherewer

eallyseeindividualscaringforothers（突然间，我们有了一个物种，在那里我们真正看到了个体关心他人）”可知，奥佐加团队的研究发现类人猿具有照顾他人的能力，故选A项。11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘Thisis,forme,especiallybreathtaking

becausesomanypeopledoubtprosocialabilitiesinotheranimals.Suddenlywehaveaspecieswherewereallyseeindividua

lscaringforothers,’Deschnersaid.（“对我来说，这尤其令人震惊，因为太多人怀疑其他动物的亲社会能力。突然，我们有了一个物种，我们真的看到了个体照顾他人，”德施纳说）”可知，德施纳认为这项发现澄清了人们的疑虑，故选D项。Whenyoubuysomethingfo

ryourself,youprobablyspendhoursshoppingaroundforthebestdealonthehighestqualityproduct.Someofyoumayevendesiretoknowhowabrandoperatesasacompany.Howe

ver,whenwedonatemoneytooneofthecountlesscharitiesoutthere,mostofusdon’tconductsuchresearch.Wehaveabsolutel

ynoideaaboutwherethatmoneygoesto,whatitbuysorwhoithelps.Atleastthatisthecaseforthemajorityofcharities.Perhapsyoushouldstartto

takeagreaterinterestinthewindingpaththatyourcharitabledonationstake,becausemanyofthemmayleadtodeadends.Youreallyshou

ldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactuallyhelpthepeopleorcause?Sometimesitmakesmattersworse.Forexample,manycharitieshelpAfricanpeopleinst

allwaterpumpstodelivercleanwatertotheircommunities.Moneyhasbeeninvestedoverthepast20yearstoinstallatotalof60,000pumpsacrosssub-SaharanAfrica.However

,today40%ofthosehavefailedtoworkatsomepoint.Theyhavebeenleftthere,likeexpensivebutuselessdecorations.Oneoftheleasteffe

ctivemeansofgivingiswhencharitysendsendlessshippingcontainersfullofmaterialgoodstounderdevelopednations.Forinstance,Keny

aimportsmorethan100,000tonsofclothesfromglobalcharitieseachyear.Theissueisthatthesemountainsofregularlyimportedclotheshavecompletelydestroyedloca

ltextileindustries,whichhavepreviouslysupportedlocaleconomies.Ultimately,towhomandhowmuchyougiveisyourchoice.Itisimportanttoprovideh

ighlyspecializedservicesinsteadofmaterialgoods.Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedofthereceivers,th

ebetteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityofthoseyouwanttohelp.12．Whatdomostpeopledowhentheydonate?A．Theykeeptrackoftheirdonations.B．Theyneglectt

heprocessofcharities.C．Theyselectproductsofhighestquality.D．Theydoresearchonapplicationoffunds.13．Whyistheexampleofwaterpumpsmentionedinpar

agraph2?A．Tostresseffectivegiving.B．Toillustrateafaultinvestment.C．Toconfirmacharitablefailure.D．Tocomplainthepumps'quality.14．Whichviewwillt

heauthormostprobablyagreewith?A．Donationsshouldmeetlocaldemands.B．Ineffectivecharitiesmustbeabandoned.C．Materialgoodsca

nboosttextileindustry.D．Specializedservicesturnoutsatisfactory.15．Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Hasyourdon

ationhitadeadend?B．Whyshouldyoumakeadonation?C．Wheredoesmydonationtakeitsway?D．Willmydonationtocharityreallyhelp?【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．D【导语】本文是议

论文。作者在这篇文章里主要讨论的是慈善捐助应该切实符合被捐赠者的需要才算是真正有帮助的捐助。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenyoubuysomethingforyourself,youprobablyspendhoursshoppin

garoundforthebestdealonthehighestqualityproduct.Someofyoumayevendesiretoknowhowabrandoperatesasacompany.However,whenwedonatemoneytooneofthe

countlesscharitiesoutthere,mostofusdon’tconductsuchresearch.Wehaveabsolutelynoideaaboutwherethatmoneygoesto,whatitbuysorwhoithelps.Atleastth

atisthecaseforthemajorityofcharities.Perhapsyoushouldstarttotakeagreaterinterestinthewindingpaththatyourcharitabledo

nationstake,becausemanyofthemmayleadtodeadends.”(当你为自己买东西的时候，你可能会花几个小时的时间去购买最优质的产品。你们中的一些人甚至可能想知道一个品牌作为一个公司是如何运作的。然而，当我们向无数慈善机构中的一个捐

款时，我们中的大多数人并没有进行这样的研究。我们完全不知道这些钱去了哪里，买了什么，帮了谁。至少大多数慈善机构是这样的。也许你应该开始对你的慈善捐款的曲折道路有更大的兴趣，因为它们中的许多可能会导致死胡同。)可知，许多人捐款的时候并没有研究捐的钱去

了哪里，买了什么，帮了谁等等这些过程，即：忽视了慈善的过程，故选B。13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Youreallyshouldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactuallyhelpthepeopleorcause?Sometime

sitmakesmattersworse.Forexample,manycharitieshelpAfricanpeopleinstallwaterpumpstodelivercleanwatertotheircommunities.Moneyhasbeeninveste

doverthepast20yearstoinstallatotalof60,000pumpsacrosssub-SaharanAfrica.However,today40%ofthosehavefail

edtoworkatsomepoint.Theyhavebeenleftthere,likeexpensivebutuselessdecorations.”(你真的应该问这样一个问题：我对这个慈善机构的捐赠真的能够帮助人们或者事业吗？有时候事情会变得更糟。例如，许多慈善机构帮助非洲人安

装水泵，向他们的社区输送清洁水。在过去20年里，政府投入了大量资金，在撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲安装了总计6万台水泵。然而，今天有40%的水泵没有正常工作。它们被留在那里，成了昂贵却无用的装饰品。)可知，作者在这一段利用许多慈善机构帮助

非洲人安装水泵是来证实有些慈善捐款的失败结果。故选C。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedoftherec

eivers,thebetteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityofthoseyouwanttohelp.”(根据一般的经验法则，你的捐赠越符合接受者的需要，对你想帮助的人的长期繁荣就越有利。)可知，在作者看来，捐款应该满足

接受者的需求。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Youreallyshouldaskthequestion:willmydonationtothischarityactuallyhelpthepeopleorcause?”(你真的应该问这样一个问题

：我对这个慈善机构的捐赠真的能够帮助人们或者事业吗？)和最后一段“Asageneralruleofthumb,themoreyourdonationmatchestheneedofthereceivers,thebetteritwillbeforthelong-termprosperityoft

hoseyouwanttohelp.”(根据一般的经验法则，你的捐赠越符合接受者的需要，对你想帮助的人的长期繁荣就越有利。)可知，作者在这篇文章里主要讨论的是慈善捐助应该切实符合被捐赠者的需要才算是真正有帮助的捐助。D选项“

我的捐款真的有用吗？”和文章意思一致。故选D。阅读理解【浙江省台州市书生中学2022-2023学年高三上学期起始考】Readingonthego*FReaderAstandardreadingappforeBooksandaudiob

ooks,FReadersupportsavarietyofformats.Theprogramisverypleasanttotheeyeandisadjustabletovariousspectrums(光谱).Apartfr

ombeingareadingapp,FReaderhasanintegratedtranslatorforfivelanguages(English,Russian,German,French,andUkrainian),makingtheappattractivetopeople

acrosstheworld.Youcanalsoselectasectionofthepageyouarereadingandshareitviasocialnetworks,Bluetooth,SMSandothermethods.Coolfeat

ures:Fourthemes,supportsfivelanguages,advanced3Danimations,scansthedeviceforallexistingformats,Text-to-Speech.Businessmodel:Freeapp.Onlyastandard

freeplanisavailable.*AlReaderAlthoughitcanreadeverytypeofbook,AlReaderisspeciallydesignedforSci-Filovers.Theappdoesn’tsupportiOSbutyoucanop

enmanybookformatsonyourAndroidphone.Thisapphasenhancedgraphical(图解的)featuresandawiderangeofcustomizati

onoptionsthatfocusonprovidingthebestqualityforfictionalbookreading.Coolfeatures:Text-To-Speech,externaldictionaries

,advancedadjustmentofthevisualsupportsE-Inkdevices.Businessmodel:Freeapp.ASIReaderdoesn’tsellbooks,butyoucansim

plypurchasedigitalproductselsewhereanduploadthemtothereadingapp.*NookNookisstronglyintegratedwiththeonlinestoreBanes&Noble.Youcanb

uyyoueBooksanywhereandtheywillautomaticallyappearintheNooklibrary.TheappsupportsmosteBookformats.Coolfeatures:Wishlist,ArticleView

,ParentalModeforchildren,customizationofallthevisualfeatures.Businessmodel:Freeapp.Withthepartnershipwit

hBanes&Noble,youcanfindoveramillionfreebooksontheirwebsiteorpurchasenewtitlesforthepriceofaslowas$0.99.*ScribdScribdhascomeal

ongwayfromthedocument-readingappitwasinitially.Today,itisoneofthemostfamousprogramswithoveramilliontitlesinitsl

ibrary.Uponregistration,yougeta30-daydemoaccountthatletsyoureadallthebooksyouwantforfree!Apartfrombooks

,Scribdprovidescomicbooks,audiobooksarticles,scientificstudies,courtcasesanduncommongenresthatnootherappoffers.Youcanevenpublishyourown

bookonthisplatform.Coolfeatures:Booksyncacrossdifferentdevices,audiobooks.Businessmodel:30-dayfreetrial.ThemonthlysubscriptionforunlimitedaccesstoSc

ribd’savailablematerialis£8.99.1．WhyisFReaderattractivetointernationalreaders?A．Itdoesn’tharmyoureyes.B．Ithasmanycustomizationoption

s.C．Ithasapowerfulintegratedtranslator.D．Userscansharewhattheyreadviasocialnetworks.2．WhatcanyoudowithAlRe

ader?A．BuySci-Fibooks.B．Enjoygreatgraphics.C．ReadonaniOSdevice.D．Publishyourownwriting.3．YoucanreadbooksfromBanes&N

obleforfreeon________.A．FRcader.B．AIReadcr.C．Nook.D．Scribd.【答案】1．C2．B3．C【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是四个阅读软件。1．推理判断题。根据*

FReader部分的“Apartfrombeingareadingapp,FReaderhasanintegratedtranslatorforfivelanguages(English,Russian,German,French,andUkrainian),m

akingtheappattractivetopeopleacrosstheworld.(除了作为一款阅读应用程序，FReader还有一个五种语言（英语、俄语、德语、法语和乌克兰语）的集成翻译程序，这使得该应用程序对世界各地的人们都有吸引力)”推

知，FReader能吸引全世界的读者是因为它有一个强大的集成翻译器。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据*AlReader部分的“Thisapphasenhancedgraphical(图解的)featuresandawiderang

eofcustomizationoptionsthatfocusonprovidingthebestqualityforfictionalbookreading.(这个应用程序增强了图形功能和广泛的定制选项，专注于提供小说阅读的最佳质量)”可

知，用AlReader你可以享受很好的图象。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据*Nook部分的“Businessmodel:Freeapp.WiththepartnershipwithBanes&Noble,youcanfindoveramillionfreebooks

ontheirwebsiteorpurchasenewtitlesforthepriceofaslowas$0.99.(商业模式：免费应用。通过与Banes&Noble的合作，你可以在他们的网站上找到100多万本免费图书，或者以0.99美元的低价购买新书)”可知，你可以在Nook上免费阅读Bane

s&Noble的书籍。故选C。PhotographerRebeccaDouglashasalwaysbeencrazyaboutthenightsky.HerloveofthestarshastakentheUKresidenton“starwal

king”tripstoIcelandandintotheArctic.FornatureloverslikeDouglasstarwalkingturnsouttobeagoodwaytoenjoylife.Hikingatnightisn’tuncommon.Plenty

ofpeoplehikeafterdarktogettocampsitesorwatchsunrisefromamountaintop.Starwalkinggoesastepfurtherbymixingh

ikingwithstargazing.Ratherthanheadingtoanobservatoryorsettingupatelescopeinyourbackyard,starwalkingtakesyouon

abriefjourneytolookatthestarsfromdifferentviewpoints.“Anobservatorycannevertaketheplaceofgettingoutintoarurallandscapeunderablanketofstars,”says

GaryLinternofStargazingNightsinDurham,England,wholeadsguidednighttimehikes.“It’samagicalexperience,a

ndIenjoysharingit,especiallyatsomeofmyfavoritelocations,liketheHighForceWaterfall,England’slargestwaterfall,inTeesdale.”Thereare

plentyofstudiesthatshowthehealthbenefitsofbeinginnature.Spendingatleasttwohoursaweekoutdoors,particularlywhileengagingina

ctivitiesthatinvolve“effortlessattention”,candecreasebloodpressure,heartrale,andstresslevels.Walkingatnighthasthead

dedbenefitofimprovingsleep,whichisimportantforoverallhealth,saysChristinaPierpaoliParker,abehavioralsleepresearcherattheUniversityofAlabama.

Parkersaysthatstarwalkingworksontwophysiologicalprocessesthatdeterminesleepquality.“Movementandexercise,suchasrelaxingstargazingwa

lksoutside,mayfacilitatesleep,”shesays.Linternadvisesreadinguponthenightskybeforesettingout.Freemobileapps,suchasStarWalk2,canhelpidentifyc

elestialbodiesandareeasytouse—simplypointyourphonesattheskytogetamap.WebsiteslikeSky&TelescopeandNAS

A’sSpacePlacecoverthebasics,havein-depthexplanationsforconstellations(星座),andofferadviceongearandequipment.Att

heendoftheday.thebestadviceistotakeitslowandenjoythejourney.4．WhydidDouglasgotolceland?A．Totakephotosthere.B．Toenjoy

thenightskythere.C．Toexperiencedailylifethere.D．Tosearchforanobservatorythere.5．Whatcanweknowaboutstarwalking?

A．Itisacombinationofhikingandstargazing.B．Itissimilartostargazingatanobservatory.C．Itonlyrequiresatelescopeinyourbackyard.D．Itbecomes

morepopularbecauseofGrayLintern.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facilitate”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Slow.B．Worsen.C．Prevent.D．Promote.7．What’s

thefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Someusefulmobileapps.B．Famouswebsitesabouthiking.C．Propersuggestionsonstarwalking.D．Basicknowledgeofequi

pmentforstargazing.【答案】4．B5．A6．D7．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是星空漫步结合了徒步旅行和观星的活动，对于观星者的身心健康都有好处，并告诉我们要做一名观星者的必要装备。4．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Photogra

pherRebeccaDouglashasalwaysbeencrazyaboutthenightsky.HerloveofthestarshastakentheUKresidenton“starwalking

”tripstoIcelandandintotheArctic.FornatureloverslikeDouglasstarwalkingturnsouttobeagoodwaytoenjoylife.(摄影师丽贝卡·道格拉斯一直都很迷恋夜空。她对星星的爱让这

位英国居民开始了去冰岛和北极的“星空漫步”之旅。对于像道格拉斯这样的自然爱好者来说，星空漫步是享受生活的一种好方式。)”可知，道格拉斯去冰岛是为了欣赏那里的夜空。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Starwalkinggoesa

stepfurtherbymixinghikingwithstargazing.(星际漫步则更进一步，它将徒步旅行与观星相结合。)”可知，星空漫步是徒步旅行和观星的结合。故选A。6．词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Walkingatnighthastheaddedbenefitofimprovings

leep,whichisimportantforoverallhealth(夜间散步还有改善睡眠的额外好处，这对整体健康很重要)”以及划线句上文“Parkersaysthatstarwalkingworksontwophysiologicalprocessesthatdeterm

inesleepquality.(帕克说，星空漫步涉及到决定睡眠质量的两个生理过程。)”可知，Parker认为星空漫步有利于睡眠，因此推断划线词所在的句子表示“运动和锻炼，比如放松地在户外观星散步，可能有助于睡眠”，划线词facilitate的意思是“改善，提升”，和Promote意思相近，故选D

。7．主旨大意题。根据第五段的“Linternadvisesreadinguponthenightskybeforesettingout.Freemobileapps,suchasStarWalk2,canhelpidentifycelestialbodiesandar

eeasytouse—simplypointyourphonesattheskytogetamap.(Lintern建议在出发前仔细了解夜空。免费的手机应用程序，比如StarWalk2，可以帮助识别天体，而且很容易使用——只要把你的手机指向天空就可以得到一

张地图。)”可知，第五段主要讲的是关于进行星空漫步的适当建议。故选C。KatherineRooks,aDenver-basedwriter,hadsenthersonatextmessageaboutcominghome

fromschool“Icouldtellfromhisresponsethathebecameupsetsuddenlyinourthread.Andwhenhecamehome,hecameoverandsaid,‘Whatdidyoumeanbythis?’“Rookswas

confused.”SowelookedatthetexttogetherandIsaid,“Well,Imeant,seeyoulater,orsomething.Idon‘trememberexactlywhatitsaid.’Andhesaid,‘Butyouendedwit

hafullstop!Ithoughtyouwerereallyangry!”Rookswasn’tangry,andsheexplainedtohersonthat,well,periodsarehowyouendasentence.B

utintext-messaging—atleastforyoungeradult--periodsdomorethanjustendasentence:theyalsocansetatone.GretchenMcCulloch,alingu

ist,saidthatwhenitcomestotext-messaging,theperiodhaslostitsoriginalpurpose.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheperiodhaslostallthepurpo

sesintext-messaging.Nowitcanbeusedtoindicateseriousnessorasenseoffinality.“Butcautionisneeded,”saidMcCulloch,no

tingthatproblemscanstarttoarisewhenyoucombineaperiodwithapositiveemotion,like“sure”or“soundsgood”.Aperiodcanacci

dentallysetatone.ArecentstudyconductedbyBinghamtonUniversitypsychologyprofessorCeliaKlinconfirmedthis.Researchersaskedundergraduatestoevaluateatextex

changethatincludedaninnocentquestionandtheanswer“Yes”.Somesaw“Yes”withaperiodandsomesawthewordwithout.The

yfoundconsistentlythroughmanyexperimentsthat“Yes”withaperiodresultedinresponsesthatweremorenegative.Sopeoplethought“Yes”withap

eriodwaslessfriendly,lesssincere,andsoon.“Ireallydon’tlikegettingtextmessagesthatendinperiodsbecauseitalwaysfeelssopassive-aggressive,”saidJuanAbe

nanteRincon,24,asocialmediamanagerforAdidas.“Like,areyoumad?What’sgoingon?Like,didIdosomethingwrong?”Klins

aidthisdemonstrateslanguageisconstantlychanging.“Languageevolutionhashappened;it’llcontinuetohappen,andisn’titgreatthatwe’resolinguisticallyflexib

leandcreative?”8．WhydoesthetextbeginwithKatherine’sconflictwithherson?A．Toleadintheuseofperiodintexting

.B．Toemphasizethegreatpowerofwords.C．Toshowyoungsters’attitudestowardstexting.D．Tosuggesttherightuseofpunctuationmark

s.9．WhyisJuanAbenanteRinconmentionedinthetext?A．Tomakeassessmentsontherecentstudy.B．Toconfirmthefindingsoftherecentstudy.C

．Toputforwarddoubtsabouttherecentstudy.D．Toshowgreatoppositionfortherecentstudy.10．WhatisCeliaKlin’sattitudetowar

dsthechangesinthemeaningsoffullstops?A．Disapproving.B．Conservative.C．Worried.D．Positive.11．Whatcanbethesuitabletitleofthepassag

e?A．FullStops:BeOriginalB．FullStops:BeCautiousC．LanguageEvolution:BeFlexibleD．LanguageEvolution:BeConsistent【答案】8．A9．B10．D11．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是随着

语言的发展，标点符号的作用并不仅限于它们原来的用途，当把积极的词汇和严肃的标点符号连用时，会造成消极对抗。8．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Butintext-messaging—atleastforyoungeradult--periodsdomorethanjustendase

ntence(但在短信中——至少对年轻人来说——句号不仅仅是一个句子的结尾)”可知，文章的开头是凯瑟琳和她儿子的冲突是为了引出在短信中使用句号这个话题，故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Theyfo

undconsistentlythroughmanyexperimentsthat“Yes”withaperiodresultedinresponsesthatweremorenegative.Sopeoplethought“Yes”withaper

iodwaslessfriendly,lesssincere,andsoon.(他们通过许多实验一致发现，带句号的“是”会导致更消极的回应。所以人们认为带句号的“是”不那么友好，不那么真诚，等等。)”可知，文章提到JuanAbenanteRincon是为了证实最近的研究发现。故选B。1

0．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Languageevolutionhashappened;it’llcontinuetohappen,andisn’titgreatthatwe’resolinguist

icallyflexibleandcreative?(语言已经发生了进化;这种情况还会继续发生，我们在语言上如此灵活和富有创造力，这不是很棒吗？)”可知，CeliaKlin对句号含义的变化持赞成的态度，故选D。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Languageevolutionh

ashappened;it’llcontinuetohappen,andisn’titgreatthatwe’resolinguisticallyflexibleandcreative?(语言已经发生了进化；这种情况还会继

续发生，我们在语言上如此灵活和富有创造力，这不是很棒吗？)”可知，本文主要介绍了语言的发展的灵活性，因此最好的题目是C选项“LanguageEvolution:BeFlexible(语言进化：要灵活)”，故选C。TheBeijing

WinterOlympicsandParalympicssawmanyexcellentathletescompeteontheiceandsnow,promptinganenthusiasmforwintersportsinChi

na.Infact,thecountryhashadadeeprelationshipwithwintersportssinceancienttimes,withskiingoriginatingintheAltayprefectureofXinjiangUygurautonom

ousregion.In2005,cavepaintingsofAltaypeoplehuntingonskiswithpoleswerediscovered,whicharchaeologistsestimatedcouldbemorethan10,0

00yearsold.Sincethen,Altayhasbeenrecognizedbymanyasoneofthebirthplacesofskiing,accordingtoXinhua.Asoneoftherichestcollectionsofanc

ientrockartinChina,thereareherdsofcamels,sheep,wolvesandhumanfigures.ThepaintingontheroofofacaveinDundebulakevillageofAltayprefecturedepic

tshumansonskis,bendingtheirkneesastheytravelalongsideanimals,includingdeerandmoose.TherockartinDundebulakeiswellpreserve

dbecausethepictographs(象形文字)arewellhiddeninthecave.Additionally,Alta’sdryclimatehasbeenausefulpreservingagent,accordingtoa2016researchpap

erpublishedbytheHebeiNormalUniversity.Uniquegeographicalandclimaticconditionsmakeskiinganindispensablepartoflocalp

eople’slives.TheclimateinAltayismildandnottoowindy,soskiersarelessaffectedbyweatherconditions,allowingthemtosaf

elymovefaster.Unlikethemodernskisweusenowadays,furskishavebeenusedasameansoftransportationforthesnowfieldinhabitantso

fAltayformorethan100centuries,accordingtorockcarvingsuncoveredinthearea.Makingskishasbeenatraditionalskill.Thehandmadeskish

avealayerofhorseskin.Thefuronthehorseskincanhelpdecreasefriction(摩擦力)whentheyslidedownthehill,whiletheskisal

sopreventskiersfromfallingwhentheywalkup.Atthesametime,theyhaveawoodenstickinhandtokeepbalance,accordingtoChinaDaily.Furskicompetitionshavebeenheldan

nuallybythelocalgovernment.Manylocalswoulddisplaytheirmaneuvers(高超的移动)atthecompetitions.12．Whichofthe

followingisevidencethatAltayisoneofthebirthplacesofskiing?A．Altaypeopleworeskistohuntanimals.B．Themodernskisa

reverysimilartofurskis.C．Localpeoplehaveusedfurskisforalongtime.D．Humansonskisweredepictedincavedrawings.13．Whathavefurskisbeenused

forinAltaysinceancienttimes?A．Hunting.B．Transportation.C．Competition.D．Entertainment.14．Howdoeshorseskinbenefitskiers?A．It

helpsthembettercontroldirections.B．Itmakesthemslidemorecomfortably.C．Ithelpsthemslidedownsmoothly.D．Ithelp

sthemkeepsteadywhilesliding.15．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．TheoriginsofskiinginAltay.B．Theancientrockartfoundi

nAltay.C．ThedevelopmentofskiinginChina.D．ThecurrentpopularityofskiinginAltay【答案】12．D13．B14．C15．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是滑雪起源于阿勒泰，

说明了相关的研究发现。12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“In2005,cavepaintingsofAltaypeoplehuntingonskiswithpoleswerediscovered,whicharchaeologists

estimatedcouldbemorethan10,000yearsold.Sincethen,Altayhasbeenrecognizedbymanyasoneofthebirthplacesofskiing,accordingtoXinhua.(2005年，人们在洞穴中发现

了阿勒泰人用滑雪杖狩猎的壁画，考古学家估计这些壁画可能有1万多年的历史。据新华社报道，从那时起，阿勒泰就被许多人认为是滑雪运动的发源地之一。)”可知，能证明阿勒泰是滑雪的发源地之一的是在洞穴壁画中描绘了滑雪的人类。故选D。13．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“U

nlikethemodernskisweusenowadays,furskishavebeenusedasameansoftransportationforthesnowfieldinhabitantsofAltayfo

rmorethan100centuries,accordingtorockcarvingsuncoveredinthearea.(根据阿尔泰地区出土的岩雕，与我们现在使用的现代滑雪板不同，毛皮滑雪板作为阿尔泰雪地居民的交通工具已经有100多个世纪的历史了。)”可知，自古以来，

阿勒泰人用毛皮滑雪板做交通工具。故选B。14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thefuronthehorseskincanhelpdecreasefriction(摩擦力)whentheyslidedownthehill(马皮上的皮毛可以减少他们滑下山时的摩擦力)”可知，马皮对滑雪者

的好处是帮助它们顺利地滑下来。故选C。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“TheBeijingWinterOlympicsandParalympicssawmanyexcellentathletescompeteontheiceandsnow

,promptinganenthusiasmforwintersportsinChina.Infact,thecountryhashadadeeprelationshipwithwintersportssinceancienttimes,withskiing

originatingintheAltayprefectureofXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.(在北京冬奥会和残奥会上，众多优秀运动员在冰雪赛场上展开角逐，激发了中国民众对冬季运动的热情。事实上，我国自古以来就与冬季运动有着深厚的

渊源，滑雪运动起源于新疆维吾尔自治区的阿勒泰地区。)”可知，本文主要讲述了滑雪起源于阿勒泰。故选A。阅读理解【浙江省舟山市南海实验高中2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】TheHayFestival(ofLiterature&Arts)isabookfe

stival.IttakesplaceinHayon-Wya,asmalltowninWales.Thefestivalisheldeveryyear,andlastsfortendaysbetweenMayandJune.Itattractsover80,000visi

torsandmanyimportantwritersgivereadingsordiscusstheirworks.Thefestivalstartedin1988andissponsoredbyTheDailyTelegraphnewspaper.Glyndebourneisafe

stivalofopera.It’sorganizedinaprivatehouse:Glyndebourne,whichisonthesouthcoastofEngland.Thefestivalhasbeenheldthereevery

summersince1934.Theoperasareperformedinaspecially-designedtheatreinthegardens.ThefestivalspecializesintheworksofMozart.Visitorstothefe

stivallistentooperasintheafternoon.Then,theyhavepicnicsinGlyndebourne’sbeautifulgardens.Cheltenhamisahorserac

ingfestivalheldinatowninwesternEngland.OneofthedaysfallsonStPatrick’sDay(on17thMarch),Ireland’snationalday.Thebiggestraceofthefour-dayeventistheCh

eltenhamGoldCup,oneofthemostimportantracesinthehorseracingcalendar.Duringthefestival,hundredsofmillionsofpoundsaregambledonthe28races.TheGreatBri

tishBeerFestivalisa...beerfestival.It’sheldinOlympia(anexhibitioncentreinLondon)foraweekeveryAugust.Over1,000differentBritishandfo

reignbeersareserved.Therearelotsofunusualdrinkstotaste,suchasanOscarWilde,theChampionBeerofBritain2011.Butthefestivalisn’

tonlyaboutbeer.There’slivemusic,booksigningsandeventutorialsonhowtotastebeer.1．Whatdothesefestivalshaveincommon?A．Theyallcanattractart.B．Theyare

allUKfestivals.C．Theyalldatefromthemid-20thcentury.D．Theyareallheldinprivatehouses.2．Whichofthefollowingfestivalstakesplacefi

rstinayear?A．TheHayFestival.B．Glyndebourne.C．Cheltenham.D．TheGreatBritishBeerFestival.3．WhatcanvisitorsdoatTheGreatBritishBeer

Festival?A．Learnhowtomakebeer.B．Performlivemusiconstage.C．Signtheirnamesonbooks.D．Samplesomeunusualbee

rs.【答案】1．B2．C3．D【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍英国的4个节日。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“IttakesplaceinHayon-Wya,asmalltowninWales.”(它发生在

威尔士的一个小镇Hayon-Wya。)，第二段“It’sorganizedinaprivatehouse:Glyndebourne,whichisonthesouthcoastofEngland.”(它被组织在一个私人住宅里Glyndebourne，位于英格兰南海岸。)，第三段“Ch

eltenhamisahorseracingfestivalheldinatowninwesternEngland.”(切尔滕纳姆赛马节在英格兰西部的一个小镇举行。)和第四段“It’sheldinOlym

pia(anexhibitioncentreinLondon)foraweekeveryAugust.”(它每年八月在奥林匹亚(伦敦的一个展览中心)举办一周。)可知，这4个节日都是在英国举办的节日。故选B。2．推理判断题。根据第一段“Thefestivalisheldev

eryyear,andlastsfortendaysbetweenMayandJune.”(这个节日每年举行一次，在五月和六月之间持续十天。)，第二段“Thefestivalhasbeenheldthereeverysummersince

1934.”(自1934年以来，这个节日每年夏天都在那里举行。)，第三段“OneofthedaysfallsonStPatrick’sDay(on17thMarch),Ireland’snationalday.”(其中一天

是圣帕特里克节(3月17日)，爱尔兰的国庆日。)和第四段“It’sheldinOlympia(anexhibitioncentreinLondon)foraweekeveryAugust.”(它每年八月在奥林匹亚(伦敦的一个展览中心)举办一周。)可知，这4个节日最早举办的是第三段提到的C

heltenham。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therearelotsofunusualdrinkstotaste”(有很多不同寻常的啤酒可以品尝)可知，在TheGreatBritishBeerFestival节日里，有很多不同寻常的啤酒可以品尝。故选D。I

usedtomakethesameNewYear’sresolutioneveryyear——tosimplifymylifeandmaketimeforme——butIwasalwaystoobusytostickwithitforverylong.Changeisnoteasyf

orme.Ilikedhelpingpeopleandhatedtosay“no”whenIwasaskedforhelp.IwassoovercommittedthatIdidn’thavetimetojustsitandreadabook.AsIranfromtasktotask

,Icouldneveroutrunthefeelingthatsomethingwasmissing,thatwasrealhappiness,whichseemedjustoutofreach.IfeltlikeIwasmissingakeypieceo

ftheinstructionsonhowtoputmylifetogether.Myrealawakeningcameaboutinastrangewayafewyearsago.Wewerehavingtheinsideofourhousepainted

andsowehadtoallthedecorationsoutofthepainters’wayastheymovedfromroomtoroom.Somehow,wegotalongquitewellwithoutalltheitemswehadcollectedovert

heyears.Thenwedecidedtothinkhardaboutwhatwewouldputback.Finally,weremovedmanydecorationsbecausetheymadetheroomsfeelsmallandcluttered(杂乱的).W

eputbackonlythethingswereallywanted.Thehousefeltsomuchmoreopen,peacefulandbeautiful.WhenIstartedtohangourcalendarbackup,Inoti

cedhowfulleachdaywas.Everysquarewasfilledin.Idecidedtocontinuemydecluttering(清理)withthecalendar.Itwasn

eartheendofJuly,soIstarted“clearing”AugustandSeptember.Ikeptdoctors’appointments,familyeventsandcommitmentstochurch.ButIremoved

extratasksIhadtakenon.NowI’mmorerelaxed.I’velearnedtosay“no”whenIwasaskedforhelp.IfeellikeIhaveblessedothersbydonatingourunuseditemstocharity.

But,mostofall,IscheduletimeformeeachdaytodowhatIwant.Theunclutteredbeautyofourhomeandschedulegivesmegreatpeaceandjoy.4．Theunderlinedword“

outrun”inpara2canbebestreplacedby________.A．livewithoutB．escapefromC．sticktoD．takecontrolof5．Whydidtheauthorfinallymakechangestoherbus

ycalendar?A．Shewastoostressedouttocontinueherbusycalendar.B．Thebusycalendarcouldn’tbringherhappinessanymore.C．Shegraduallychangedherattitudetowardsh

elpingothers.D．Thejoyfromdeclutteringherhomeencouragedthechange.6．Whatmighttheauthorrefusetodoaftershechangedherschedule?A．Gotochurch.B．seeaden

tist.C．Completeextrawork.D．Attendfamilygatherings.7．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TheCleanupB．MyBusyScheduleC．R

egainpeaceandJoyD．LiveaSimpleLife【答案】4．B5．D6．C7．C【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文章。文章讲述了作者每年的新年决心都是要过一个简单的生活，在繁忙的工作中，作者总是感觉缺失一种真正的幸福感。作者通过一次家庭装

修的经历，改变了自己繁忙的日程表，最终过上了简单的生活，从而给作者带来了平静和快乐，获得了内心一直寻求的幸福感。4．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的句子“thefeelingthatsomethingwasmissing,thatwasrealhappiness,whichseemedju

stoutofreach.(那种感觉是缺失了什么东西，那个东西就是真正的幸福，似乎遥不可及)”可知，作者从一项任务到另一项任务，始终都逃脱不了一种缺失幸福的感觉。故划线词与escapefrom为近义词，意为“逃脱”。故选B。5．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Finally,w

eremovedmanydecorationsbecausetheymadetheroomsfeelsmallandcluttered(杂乱的).Weputbackonlythethingswereallywanted.Thehousefeltsomuchmoreopen,p

eacefulandbeautiful.(最后，我们去掉了很多装饰，因为它们让房间感觉又小又乱。我们只放回我们真正想要的东西。房子给人的感觉是如此的开阔、宁静和美丽)”以及第四段中“WhenIstartedtohangourcalendar

backup,Inoticedhowfulleachdaywas.Everysquarewasfilledin.Idecidedtocontinuemydecluttering(清理)withthecalendar.(当我开始把我们的日历挂回去时，我注意到每天都很满。每个方格都填满了。我决定

继续整理日历)”可知，作者是因为装修的过程中，移除了很多装饰，最终让作者感受到了开阔、宁静和美丽，由此影响到作者要清理自己的日程安排。即作者在整理家的过程中所带来的喜悦，鼓励了作者改变她繁忙的日程表。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Itwasneartheendo

fJuly,soIstarted“clearing”AugustandSeptember.Ikeptdoctors’appointments,familyeventsandcommitmentstochurch.ButIremovedextratasksIhadtakenon.(那

是接近七月底的时候，所以我开始“清理”八月和九月。我按时去看医生，参加家庭活动，去教堂做礼拜。但我删除了我承担的额外任务)”并结合选项可知，作者在改变后，不会做的事情是做额外的工作。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据文中第一段“IusedtomakethesameNewYea

r’sresolutioneveryyear——tosimplifymylifeandmaketimeforme—butIwasalwaystoobusytostickwithitforverylong.(过去，我每年的新年决心都是一样的——简化我的生活，为自己留出时

间——但我总是太忙，无法坚持太久)”以及最后一段中“But,mostofall,IscheduletimeformeeachdaytodowhatIwant.Theunclutteredbeautyofourhomeandschedulegive

smegreatpeaceandjoy.(但是，最重要的是，我每天安排时间做我想做的事。井井有条的家庭和日程安排给了我极大的平静和快乐)”可知，作者每年的新年决心都是要过一个简单的生活，在繁忙的工作中，作者总是感觉缺失一种真正的幸福感。作者通过一次家庭装修的经历，

改变了自己繁忙的日程表，最终过上了简单的生活，给作者带来了平静和快乐，获得了内心一直寻求的幸福感。故最佳标题是“重获平静和喜悦”。故选C。U.S.lifeexpectancyiscurrently78.6years——anumberdetermin

edbyfactorsincludinggenes,gender,lifestyleandluck.Butthesinglebestpredictoroflongevity(寿命)mightbegeography.Gr

owingevidencesuggestspeople’sZIPcodesmightholdthemostinformationabouthowlongthey’lllive.ResearchersfromtheNewYorkUn

iversitySchoolofMedicinerecentlyuseddatafromNYULangoneHealth’sCityHealthDashboardtofindthat56ofthe500larges

tU.S.citiesarehometopeoplewhocanexpecttoliveatleast20feweryearsthanthoseinotherneighborhoods,evenifthey’rejustaway.InChicago,thecitywiththelargestdif

ferences,lifeexpectancyvariedby30.1yearsbetweenneighborhoods;inbothWashingtonD．C．andNewYorkCity,itvariedbymorethan27ye

arsbetweenneighborhoods.Whereyoulivedirectlyaffectsyourhealthinanumberofways,fromexposuretoairpollutiontoaccessibilityofhealt

hyfood,greenspaceandmedicalcare.It’salsoanindicatorofsocioeconomic(社会经济学的)factorsrelatedtohealthandlongevity,includingraceandincome.TheNYUresearch

ersalsofoundthatthecitieswiththewidestgapsinlifeexpectancywerethosemostseparatedbyraceandethnicity(种族划分),withminorityneighbo

rhoodsoftenfacingobstacles,likeunaffordablehousingcostsorpoorsocialservices.Buttheseproblemsdidn’taffectmajoritywhiteneighborh

oodstothesamedegree.ChicagoisfarmoreseparatedthanmostU.S.cities,andlargelyblackneighborhoodsontheSouthSidehavethecity’sl

owestlifeexpectancies.Linksamongrace,povertyandhealthhavebeenstrengthenedbyyearsofinequality,andremovingthemwon’tbeeasy.However,theNYUresearch

ersargueunderstandingthetiesbetweenZIPcodesandhealthcanhelplocallawmakers,public-healthofficialsandcommuni

tyrepresentativesbegintoleveltheplayingfieldfortheirvoters.8．Whatdoes“ZIPcodes”referto?A．Wherepeoplelive.B．Howpeopleliveth

eirlife.C．Whetherarelucky.D．Whatgenespeoplehave.9．Whatdidthedatausedinparagraph2show?A．Peopleindifferentciteshaddi

fferentlifeexpectanciesB．PeopleinChicagolivedlongerthanthoseinNewYork.C．PeopleinWashingtonD．C．hadthelowestlifeexpectancies.D．Lifeexp

ectancydifferedamongpeopleinthesamedistrict.10．WhatcontributestothehugegapinlifeexpectancyinChicago?A．M

edicalcare.B．Airpollution.C．Ethnicity.D．Socialservice.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．InfluencesofZIPcodesondifferentpeopleB．Linksbetwe

enZIPcodesandlongevity.C．Waystoimprovepeople’slifeexpectancy.D．Importanceofremovinginequality.【答案】8．A9．A10．C11．B【导语】本

文是说明文。文章主要讲述地域不同和人们的寿命之间的联系。8．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Butthesinglebestpredictoroflongevity(寿命)mightbegeography.Growingevidencesuggestspeople’sZIPcodesmi

ghtholdthemostinformationabouthowlongthey’lllive.”(但预测寿命的最佳指标可能是地理位置。越来越多的证据表明，人们的邮政编码可能包含了关于他们能活多久的大部分信息。)可知

，ZIPcodes指的是人们的居住地。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“ResearchersfromtheNewYorkUniversitySchoolofMedicinerecentlyuseddatafromNYULangoneHealth’sCityHea

lthDashboardtofindthat56ofthe500largestU.S.citiesarehometopeoplewhocanexpecttoliveatleast20feweryearsthanthoseinotherneighborhoods,evenifth

ey’rejustaway.InChicago,thecitywiththelargestdifferences,lifeexpectancyvariedby30.1yearsbetweenneighborhoods;inbothWashingtonD.C

.andNewYorkCity,itvariedbymorethan27yearsbetweenneighborhoods.”(纽约大学医学院的研究人员最近利用纽约大学朗格尼健康城市健康仪表盘的数据发现，在美国500个最大的城市中，有56个城市的居

民预计比其他社区的居民少活至少20年，即使他们只是离开。在芝加哥这个差异最大的城市，不同社区之间的预期寿命相差30.1年；在华盛顿特区和纽约市，不同社区之间的预期寿命相差超过27年。)可知，这一段的数据表明了不同城市的人们

有不同的预期寿命。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据第三段“TheNYUresearchersalsofoundthatthecitieswiththewidestgapsinlifeexpectancywerethosemostsepar

atedbyraceandethnicity(种族划分),withminorityneighborhoodsoftenfacingobstacles,likeunaffordablehousingcostsorpoors

ocialservices.Buttheseproblemsdidn’taffectmajoritywhiteneighborhoodstothesamedegree.ChicagoisfarmoreseparatedthanmostU.S.cities,andlargelyblackn

eighborhoodsontheSouthSidehavethecity’slowestlifeexpectancies.”(纽约大学的研究人员还发现，预期寿命差距最大的城市是那些因种族和民族而分隔最远的城市，少数民

族社区往往面临诸如负担不起的住房成本或糟糕的社会服务等障碍。但是这些问题并没有同样严重地影响到大多数白人社区。芝加哥比大多数美国城市更加分离，南部的黑人社区是芝加哥人口预期寿命最低的地区。)可知，导致芝加哥人均寿命的巨大差距的原因是种族和民族。故选C。11．主旨

大意题。根据第一段“U.S.lifeexpectancyiscurrently78.6years——anumberdeterminedbyfactorsincludinggenes,gender,lifestyleandlu

ck.Butthesinglebestpredictoroflongevity(寿命)mightbegeography.Growingevidencesuggestspeople’sZIPcodesmightholdthemostinformatio

nabouthowlongthey’lllive.”(美国目前的预期寿命为78.6岁，这个数字是由基因、性别、生活方式和运气等因素决定的。但预测寿命的最佳指标可能是地理位置。越来越多的证据表明，人们的邮政编码可能包含了关于他们能活多久的大部分信息。)可知，这篇文章主

要讲述地域不同和人们的预期寿命之间的联系。故选B。Anewstudyfoundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(连贯的)storiesaboutturningpointsintheirlivesiftheirmothershadbeent

aughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsearlier.Theseadolescentsalsoreportedfewersymptomsofdepressionandanxietycompared

toadolescentsinthestudywhosemothershadtalkedwiththeirtoddlers(初学走路的孩子)asusual.Intheresearch,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontr

olgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalgroupgiventraininginelaborativereminiscine(详尽回忆)forayear.Thetraininginvolveso

penandresponsiveconversationswithyoungchildrenabouteverydaypastevents.ProjectleadProfessorElaineReesesaysadolescentswh

osemothershadparticipatedintheearliercoachingsessionsnarrateddifficulteventsfromtheirlives—suchasparen

taldivorceorcyber-bullyingwithmoreinsightintohowtheexperiencehadshapedaspeople.ProfessorReesesays,“Ourfindingssuggestp

arents’sharingmemoriesearlyinchildren’slivescanhavelong-lastingbenefits,bothforthewayadolescentsprocessandtalkaboutdifficultlifeev

entsandfortheirwell-being.Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesofthei

rexperiences,providingaricherstoreofmemoriestousewhentellingtheirownstories.Italsoteacheschildrenhowtohaveopendiscussionsaboutpastfeelingswh

enthey’renolongerintheheatofthemoment.”ProfessorReesehopesparentsandpolicymakersrealizetheimportanceofearlychildhoodastheideal

timeforstartingtohavepositiveconversationswithchildren,andtoknowthattheseconversationscanmakeadifferenceaschildren

growolder.“Theultimategoalistoencourageparentstohavemoresensitiveandresponsiveconversationsabouteventsintheirchildren’slives.”Theresea

rchersintendtocontinuethestudy,followingupwithparticipantsinemergingadulthoodtodetermineanyongoingeffectsoftheirtheirsmother’sel

aborativereminiscine.12．Accordingtothetext,allmothersinvolvedintheresearch________.A．weretrainedhowtotalkwithkidsforayearB．hadchildrenwhow

ereaboutoneyearoldC．tookpartinthefollow-upresearchannuallyD．hadexperiencedsomedifficulteventsinlife13．Whatdoestheresearchindicate

?A．Coachingsessionswithparentsbenefittoddlers.B．Parentsneedtolearnnewconversationaltechniques.C．Parents’elaborativereminiscingcanfightdep

ression.D．Sharingmemoriessetskidsonpathtobetterwell-being.14．Whycouldadolescentsintheexperimentalgroup

narratetheirlifeeventsbetter?A．Theywentthroughmoreturningpointsinlife.B．Theyhadaricherstoreofmemoriestorefert

o.C．Theycouldwellrememberwhathappenedinlife.D．Theyhadbetterlanguageskillstodescribeevents.15．What’sresearchers’attit

udetotheimpactsofelaborativereminiscingonadults?A．Uncertain.B．Favorable.C．Concerned.D．Doubtful.【答案】12．B13．A14．B15．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过对115名幼儿的母亲

进行分组实验，得出在幼儿时期通过分享详尽回忆对于青少年处理和谈论困难生活事件的方式以及他们的幸福都有长期的好处。12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Anewstudyfoundthat15-year-oldstoldmorecoherent(连贯的)storiesaboutturningp

ointsintheirlivesiftheirmothershadbeentaughtthenewconversationaltechniques14yearsearlier.(一项新的研究发现，如果

他们的母亲在14年前学习了新的会话技巧，那么15岁的孩子会更连贯的讲述关于他们生活中的转折点的故事)”可知，如果母亲在孩子一岁左右的时候学习新会话技巧，那么孩子15岁的时候表达会更连贯；根据文章第二段“

Intheresearch,115mothersoftoddlerswereassignedtoeitheracontrolgroupwithoutanytrainingoranexperimentalgroupgiventraininginelabor

ativereminiscine(详尽回忆)forayear.(在这项研究中，115名幼儿的母亲被分配到一个没经任何训练的对照组或者一个给予详尽回忆训练的实验组)”可知，这115名都是幼儿的母亲，结合实验的结论，即前面所表达的如

果母亲在孩子一岁左右的时候学习新会话技巧，那么孩子15岁的时候表达会更连贯。由此推知，所有参与研究的母亲的孩子都在一岁左右。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ProfessorReesesays,“Ourfindingssuggestparents’sharingmemoriesea

rlyinchildren’slivescanhavelong-lastingbenefits,bothforthewayadolescentsprocessandtalkaboutdifficultlifeeventsandfortheirwel

l-being.Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheirexperiences,providingaricherstoreofmemoriestousewh

entellingtheirownstories.Italsoteacheschildrenhowtohaveopendiscussionsaboutpastfeelingswhenthey’renolongerinthe

heatofthemoment.”(Reese教授说：“我们的研究结果表明，父母在孩子生命早期分享记忆对青少年处理和谈论困难生活事件的方式以及他们的幸福都有长期的好处。例如，它可以帮助孩子对他们的经历形成更完整、更具体、更准确的记忆，提供更丰富的记忆库，以便

在讲述自己的故事时使用。它还教孩子们如何在他们不再处于情绪激动时就过去的感受进行公开讨论。”)”可知，在孩子小时候分享回忆对他们处理和谈论困难生活事件的方式以及他们的幸福都有长期的好处，即对父母进行分享回忆的课程训练对孩子来说是非常有益的。故选A项。14．细节理解题。根据文章第二

段“Forexample,ithelpschildrendevelopmorecomplete,specific,andaccuratememoriesoftheirexperiences,providingaricherstoreofmemoriestousewhentelling

theirownstories.(例如，它可以帮助孩子对他们的经历形成更完整、更具体、更准确的记忆，提供更丰富的记忆库，以便在讲述自己的故事时使用)”可知，父母对幼儿分享回忆可以帮助孩子对他们的经历形成更完整、更具体、更准确的记忆，提供更丰富的记忆库以供讲述自己故事时使用，即他们有

更丰富的记忆存储可供参考。故选B项。15．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Theresearchersintendtocontinuethestudy,followingupwithparticipantsinemergin

gadulthoodtodetermineanyongoingeffectsoftheirtheirsmother’selaborativereminiscine.(研究人员打算继续这项研究，跟进刚步入成年期的参与

者，以确定他们母亲精心回忆的任何持续影响)”可推知，研究人员对详尽回忆对成年人的影响是不确定的，所以才会打算继续研究。故选A项。阅读理解【浙江省名校协作体2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试】Formanypopidolfans,havingtheoppor

tunitytoparticipateinamusicvideofortheirfavoritepopsongsmightbeadreamcometrue.I,IhadtakenlessonsataChinese-owneddancestudio,andtheybegantoholda

uditions(试镜)foraspecialproject—filmingamusicvideo!Thosewhopassedtheauditionswouldrehearse(排练)awell-designeddanceandbefilmedbyaprofessionalc

ameracrew.Ireallylikethesongtheychose—KillThisLovebyBlackpink,agirlgroupfromSouthKorea,soIauditioned.Iwasconfidentatfirsti

ntheaudition,butasIfeltmorepressure,Iforgotafewmoves.Thisdefinitelyhurtmychances,soIbecameveryonedgeabouttheresults.Additionally,becauseBlackpink

isafour-membergroup,thestudiowasonlylookingforfourpeople,andover20peoplehadauditioned.Iwasveryunsureifmyperforman

cewouldbegoodenoughforacallback.TwoweekslaterwhenIhadjustaboutgivenuponhearingback,Igotatextfromthestudiomanager,saying,“Congratulations!Youhavepasse

dtheauditionforKillThisLove.”Icouldbarelycontainmyexcitement,butwantingtoseemmature,Irepliedtoherinacalmandcollectedmanner.Wewer

escheduledforfiverehearsalsintotal,andthefilmingdatewassetforthemiddleofApril.Whatreallystirredupmyexcitementwasknowingtha

twewouldbefilmedinpublic.IwouldalsobedancingthepartofRose,myfavoriteBlackpinkmember.Ourfirstrehearsal

wasonaWednesday.Thestudiohadrentedthebasementofatheater.Therewere,ofcourse,difficulties.Thedanceroutineincludedformations,sowehadtol

earnthepositionsandtransitions—thingsthatwedidnotusuallylearninourregulardancelessons.Butitwasjustthefourofus,andourteacherhadenoughtim

etoworkwitheachofusindividually.Ihavebeenpracticinghardformydream.Ihopeeverythinggoeswell,andIlookforwardtotheupcomingperformance!21．HowdidIfeela

bouttheresultsafterforgettingafewmoves?A．Confident.B．Ambitious.C．Confused.D．Nervous.22．WhydidIreplytothemanagercalmlywhen

Igottheexcitingtext?A．BecauseIintendedtopresentamatureimagetoher.B．BecauseIwastrainedwellenoughtocontainmyfeelings.C．Becau

seIknewthatIwasgoodenoughforsuchacallback.D．BecauseIhadknowntheresultbeforesheinformedmeofit.23．Whatwasmyfirstrehearsalinthebaseme

ntlike?A．Confusingbutpractical.B．Challengingbuthelpful.C．Difficultbutentertaining.D．Regularbutrewarding.24．W

hatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．ToexpresstheburningpassionforBlackpink.B．Toshowthedifficultyinattendinganaudition.C．Toshareapersonalexpe

rienceinpursuitofadream.D．Toconveytheexcitementofengaginginarehearsal.【答案】21．D22．A23．B24．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者参与最喜欢的偶像的流行歌曲的MV试镜和排练的经历。21．推理判断题。

根据第三段的“Iwasconfidentatfirstintheaudition,butasIfeltmorepressure,Iforgotafewmoves.Thisdefinitelyhurtmychances,soIbecameveryonedgeaboutthe

results.(一开始试镜时我很自信，但随着压力的增加，我忘记了一些动作。这无疑损害了我的机会，所以我对结果非常紧张。)”可知，在忘记了一些动作后，作者对结果感到紧张，故选D。22．细节理解题。根据第四段的“

Icouldbarelycontainmyexcitement,butwantingtoseemmature,Irepliedtoherinacalmandcollectedmanner.(我几乎无法抑制自己的激动，但为了显得成熟，我平静而镇定地回答了她。)”可知，当作者收到

这条激动人心的短信时，作者平静地回复了经理，因为作者想给经理一个成熟的形象。故选A。23．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Therewere,ofcourse,difficulties.Thedanceroutineincludedformatio

ns,sowehadtolearnthepositionsandtransitions—thingsthatwedidnotusuallylearninourregulardancelessons.Butitwasjustthefourofus,andourteac

herhadenoughtimetoworkwitheachofusindividually.(当然，也有困难。舞蹈套路包括阵型，所以我们必须学习姿势和转换——这些都是我们平时在舞蹈课上没有学过的。但是只有我们四个人，我们的老师有足够的时间和

我们每个人单独学习。)”可知，作者在地下室的第一次排练具有挑战性但有帮助。故选B。24．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Formanypopidolfans,havingtheopportunitytoparti

cipateinamusicvideofortheirfavoritepopsongsmightbeadreamcometrue.(对于许多流行偶像的粉丝来说，有机会参与他们最喜欢的流行歌曲的MV可能是梦想成真。)”和最后一段的“Ihavebeenpra

cticinghardformydream.Ihopeeverythinggoeswell,andIlookforwardtotheupcomingperformance!(我一直在努力练习我的梦想。希望一切顺利，期待即将

到来的演出！)”可知，本文主要讲的是作者参与最喜欢的偶像的流行歌曲的MV试镜和排练的经历，因此目的是分享个人追求梦想的经历。故选C。Myfour-andeight-year-oldsareclosernowthantheywerebeforethepandemic.Icanhearthes

oundsofgigglingfromtheirbedroomseveraltimesanight.Butthemoretimemygirlsspendtogether,themoretheyfigh

t,too.Themostcommonbattlegroundsformykidsareinjusticesandfightingforposition.Ondayswhenwearetrappedinthehouse

togetherandtheirscreamingmatchesreachoperaticlevels,theirdadandIworrywedidsomethinghorriblywrongasparentstoencouragethisvolumeofconflict.Bu

taccordingtoJeanineVivona,aprofessorofpsychologyattheCollegeofNewJerseywhostudiessiblingrivalry(较量),“competitionwithsiblingsisjustafa

ctoflife.Andwecanjusttrytomanageitasbestwecan.”Studieshaveshownthatsiblingconflictsmayoccuruptoeighttimesanhour.“Conflictdoesdecreaseintoadolescen

ce;it’ssortoflevelsoff,”saidMarkEthanFeinberg,aresearchprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.“Earlyandmiddlechild

hoodareparticularlydifficulttimesforsiblingaggression.”Whilemostsiblingsaren’tfightingforactualquarrels,psychologically,siblingrivalryservesa

developmentalpurpose:ithelpschildrenfigureoutwhatisuniqueandspecialaboutthemselves,knownas“differentiation”.Childrenwanttobeseenasthemostspecialbyth

eirparents,sothey’realwaysgoingtopushforpreferentialtreatmentovertheirsiblings.Buttheymayalsoshapetheirinterestsandpersonalitiesaroun

dtheirsiblings’skillsanddesires.Forexample,let’ssaytheoldersonisasoccerstar.Theyoungerchildorchildrenmaythenavoidsocceraltogethe

r,eitherbecausetheyareafraidtheywon’tbeasgoodorbecausetheyfeartheymightbebetter—andtheydon’twanttotakethatriskeither.25．Whyisthereconflictbetwe

entheauthor’sdaughters?A．Becausetheyplaythescreamingmatches.B．Becausetheyalwayscompeteforpriority.C．Becausetheycan’tstandlivingwitheachoth

er.D．Becausetheyreceiveobviouslyunfairtreatment.26．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Siblingrivalrycouldbeusefulasmotivat

ionforchildren.B．Parentsshouldintervenesiblingrivalryasmuchastheycan.C．Mostsiblingconflictsbegintofallwhenchildrenbecomeadults.D．Lifethr

oughoutchildhoodwillbemiserableduetosiblingrivalry.27．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Kids’strugglewithsiblingrivalryB．Parentingsoluti

onstosiblingrivalryC．ThepsychologybehindsiblingrivalryD．Anunintendedupsideofsiblingrivalry【答案】25．B26．A27．C【

导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了手足竞争背后的心理学解释并举例说明。25．细节理解题。由文章第一段最后一句“Themostcommonbattlegroundsformykidsareinjustices

andfightingforposition.”（孩子们最普遍的战场在于不公和竞争有利位置）可知，女儿之间存在冲突，是因为她们要竞争某个位置的优先权，故选B项。26．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Whilemo

stsiblingsaren’tfightingforactualquarrels,psychologically,siblingrivalryservesadevelopmentalpurpose:ithe

lpschildrenfigureoutwhatisuniqueandspecialaboutthemselves,knownas“differentiation”.Childrenwanttobeseenasthemostspecialbytheirparents,sothey’re

alwaysgoingtopushforpreferentialtreatmentovertheirsiblings.”（虽然大多数兄弟姐妹并不是为了实际的争吵而斗争，但从心理上讲，兄弟姐妹之间的竞争有助于发展：它帮助孩子们了解自己的独特之处，即所谓的“差异”。孩子们想要成为

父母眼中最特别的一个，因此他们总是会推着自己争取比兄弟姐妹更多的偏爱）可知，兄弟姐妹之间的竞争有助于发展，对孩子而言手足之间的竞争可以视为一种有用的动力，故选A项。27．主旨大意题。由文章第二段最后一句“ButaccordingtoJeanineVi

vona,aprofessorofpsychologyattheCollegeofNewJerseywhostudiessiblingrivalry(较量),“competitionwithsiblingsisjus

tafactoflife.Andwecanjusttrytomanageitasbestwecan.””（但是，新泽西州大学的一位心理学教授JeanineVivona认为：“手足竞争只是生活中的一个事实。我们可以尽最大努力

去应对它”）以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了手足竞争背后的心理学解释并举例说明，故选C项。Fromtoiletpapertoyogurt,andcoffeetocornchips,manufacturersarequietlyshrink

ingpackagesizeswithoutloweringprices.It’scalled“shrinkflation(缩水式通胀)”,andit’sacceleratingworldwide.IntheU.S.,as

mallboxofKleenexnowhas60tissues;afewmonthsago,ithad65.InIndia,abarofVimdishsoaphasshrunkfrom155gramsto135grams.Shrinkflationisn’tnew,expe

rtssay.Butitmultipliesintimesofhighinflation(通货膨胀)ascompaniesstrugglewithrisingcostsforingredients,packaging,labor,andtran

sportation.Globalconsumerpriceinflationwasupanestimated7%inMay,apacethatwilllikelycontinuethroughSept

ember,accordingtoS&PGlobal.“Itcomesinwaves.Wehappentobeinatidalwavenowbecauseofinflation,”saidEdgarDworsky,aconsumeradvocateandform

erassistantattorneygeneralinMassachusettswhohasdocumentedshrinkflationonhisConsumerWorldwebsitefordecades.Mr.Dworskysaidshrinkflationappealstoma

nufacturersbecausetheyknowcustomerswillnoticepriceincreasesbutwon’tkeeptrackofnetweightsorsmalldetails,likethenumberofsheetsona

rolloftoiletpaper.Companiescanalsoemploytrickstodrawattentionawayfromdownsizing,likemarkingsmallerpackageswithbrightnewlabelsthatdrawshoppers’e

yes.Somecustomerswhohavenoticedthedownsizingaresharingexamplesonsocialmedia.Otherssayshrinkflationiscausingthemtochangetheirshoppinghabits.Al

exAspacherdoesalotofgroceryshoppingforhisfamily.Henoticedwhentheone-poundpackageofslicedSwisscheeseheusedtobuyshrankto12

ouncesbutkeptits$9.99pricetag.Now,hehuntsfordealsorbuysablockofcheeseandslicesithimself.“Iwaspreparedforthechangetoad

egree,buttherehasn’tbeenalimittoitsofar,”Mr.Aspachersaid.“Ihopewefindthatceilingprettysoon.”Sometimesth

etrendcanreverse.Asinflationeases,competitionmightforcemanufacturerstolowertheirpricesorreintroducelargerpackages.ButMr.Dworskysaysonceaprod

ucthasgottensmaller,itoftenstaysthatway.28．Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutshrinkflation?A．Itattractscustomersbyadjustingtheprices.

B．Itnewlyemergesintheperiodofhighinflation.C．Itsavesmanufacturingcostbyreducingpackagesizes.D．Itisag

oodwayformanufacturerstoexpandtheirbusiness.29．TheexampleofAlexAspacherismentionedto________.A．showcustomers’supp

ortforshrinkflation.B．sharecustomers’currentshoppingexperiences.C．explaintheinconvenienceshrinkflationhasbrought.D．illustratetheimpactofshri

nkflationonbuyinghabits.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reverse”mean?A．ChangetotheoppositeB．SpreadlikewildfireC．BecomeunpredictableD．Cometoastop【

答案】28．C29．D30．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了通货紧缩在经济中的表现及其带给消费者的影响。28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fromtoiletpapertoyogurt,andcoffeetocornchips,manufacturersarequietlyshrink

ingpackagesizeswithoutloweringprices.”(（从卫生纸到酸奶，从咖啡到玉米片，制造商正在悄悄地缩小包装尺寸而不降低价格。)及“IntheU.S.,asmallboxofKleenexnowhas60tis

sues;afewmonthsago,ithad65.InIndia,abarofVimdishsoaphasshrunkfrom155gramsto135grams.”(在美国，一小盒面巾纸现在有60张纸巾；几个月前，有65

张。在印度，一块Vim洗洁精从155克缩减到135克。)可知，缩水式通胀对于制造商而言，缩小包装尺寸的同时也节约了成本，而价格上并没有改变。故选C。29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Somecustomerswhohavenoticedthedownsizingaresharingexam

plesonsocialmedia.Otherssayshrinkflationiscausingthemtochangetheirshoppinghabits.AlexAspacherdoesalotofgroceryshoppingforhisfamily.Henoticedwhentheon

e-poundpackageofslicedSwisscheeseheusedtobuyshrankto12ouncesbutkeptits$9.99pricetag.Now,hehuntsfordealsorbuysablockofcheeseandslicesithimself.”(一些注意到

尺寸缩小的顾客正在社交媒体上分享他们的例子。还有人说，通货紧缩正在促使他们改变购物习惯。亚历克斯·阿斯帕彻为他的家人购买了很多杂货。他注意到，当他过去常买的一磅重的瑞士奶酪片缩小到12盎司时，却保留了9.99

美元的标价。现在，他要么找卖家，要么买块奶酪自己切。)可知，随着通货紧缩的持续，亚历克斯·阿斯帕之前买的同样的奶酪片的重量从一磅重缩小到12盎司，而价格去没有变化，所以他现在要么新重寻找用同样价钱能买到同样尺寸的奶酪的卖家，要么买大块奶酪自己切片。可推知

，他的购物习惯正在逐渐改变。因而此处的举例是为了说明通货紧缩会影响人们的购物习惯。故选D。30．词句猜测题。根据划线词后一句“Asinflationeases,competitionmightforcemanufacturerstolowertheirpricesorreintroducelar

gerpackages.”(随着通胀放缓，竞争可能迫使制造商降低价格或重新推出更大的包装。)可知，当通胀减缓的时候，制造商会因为市场的竞争而重新推出更大的包装。可推知，划线词所在句的含义为“有时这种趋势会逆转“，所以划线词此处指“相反”，故选A。