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2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（6）阅读理解-科教科普类1.Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresea

rcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopme

ntinyoungchildrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywas

foundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandth

eamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchild

renwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage."Thechi

ldrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)and

translateshapes,"Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormally

would,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequentl

y,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedm

orespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.(1).Inwhichaspectdoc

hildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

(2).WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents'age.B.Children'simagination.C.Parents'education.D.Child-parentr

elationship.(3).Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringtheg

ame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(4).Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematica

lmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.2.Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillio

nsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopi

anhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelpsthemdigestmilk

asadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwe

llingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePh

ilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"

saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalI

slandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanusl

ocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUni

versityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristics

thatmadethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidthe

rewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.(1).Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environm

entaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Signifi

canceoffoodselection.(2).WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.(3).Whywasthey

oungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycould

staylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.(4).Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkillsC.Ba

sicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers3.Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispers

istence(毅力),characteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauni

quepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325A

mericanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementinschool."Therearerela

tivelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistence—whichcanb

etaught—arekeytoachild'slifesuccess."Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritat

iveparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristic

s:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofa

utonomy(自主权).Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.key

findingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisp

articularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinte

achingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.(1).WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcen

teredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.

Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.(2).Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignoretheirdemands.B.Makedecisionsforthe

m.C.Controltheirbehaviors.D.Explaintherulestothem.(3).Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.

Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-parenthomes.(4).Whichofthefoll

owingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFutur

eC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance4.Agroupofblue-f

acedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafe

teriatableatlunchtime.Perhapsthey'renotsodifferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollect

ivebehaviour,showsthatvulturineguineafowlsofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuc

hsocialstructuresrequiredalotofbrainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlsarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselarg

ebirdswanderacrossthelandscapeinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachother

tomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等级制度),butatothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocia

lstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobse

rvationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinationsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.Theyalso

attachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseeexactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatvulturi

neguineafowlshaveamultilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffrie

ndswithinthesmallgroups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird'stinybrainsi

ze."Theydon'tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳动物);theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,"hesaid.Accordingtohi

m,livinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyj

ustoneortwoindividualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit'slookingat—noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsole

tanimalsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey'refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarea

round,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone."Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,"Dr.Farines

aid.Theremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havemultilevelsocietiesasourown.(1).Accordingtothepassage,whatinspiredDr.

Farinetocarryoutthestudy?A.Theguineafowl'ssocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.C.Hisinterestinanimals'brainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierre

search.(2).WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresearchmethods.C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.(3).Whatcanbelea

rnedfromthepassage?A.Complexsocialsystemscanbeadisadvantagetoguineafowls.B.Guineafowlsaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C.Bir

dsmaintainthesocialorderbytravellingincombinedgroups.D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocietie

s.(4).Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topresentthefindingsofastudyoftheguineafowl.B.Toexplaintheinteractionpatternsinmultilevelsocieties.C.

Tointroduceanewapproachtoobservingtheguineafowl.D.Touncovercluesabouthowcomplexsocietiesareformed.5.Onesheep,twosheep.Wait,

whyarewecountingsheepagain?Countingsheeptofallasleepisamethodthatseemstobeasoldastime.Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwhythey’reshe

ep?Whynotcats?Ordogs?Whiletheoriginofwhypeoplecountsheeptofallasleephasnoexactroot,there’reafewguesses.Themost

popularbelief,accordingtoMentalFloss,hastodowithshepherdsinBritaininMiddleAges.Apparently,ifshepherdsusedcommunalgrazingland(

公共牧场),theywereresponsibletokeepaheadcountoftheirsheepeachnightSobeforegoingtosleep,theycountedtheirsheeptoensuretheywereallaccountedfor.Butatleasto

nebookclaimsthelinkbetweensheepandsleepgoesbackevenfurther,reportsMentalFloss.“AchapterinDisciplinaCl

ericalissuggeststhatcountingsheephasalreadybeenpartofcertainculturesforcenturies.”Sodoescountingsheeptofallasleepactuallywork?Apparentl

y,youmightwanttoseekotheroptionsfirst.“Involvingthebraininarelaxing,repetitivetaskslowsthemind,andst

opsourracingstressfulthoughtsfromtakingover,”saysHilaryThompson,ahealthconsultant.“Unfortunately,countingsheep

isn’toneofthesehelpfultasks.ResearchersatOxfordUniversityputittothetestanddiscoveredthatsubjectswhopicturedrunn

ingwaterfallsandriverscouldfallasleepmorequickly.”Inadditiontopicturingsomethingrelaxing,breathingtechniquesalsotendtobeveryeffectivesleeping

aids.“Iprefertoteachpatientsthebreathwork,”saysDrElizabethTrattner.“Breathinthroughthenoseforacountof4,holdfor7andmakeawho

oshingnoiseoutforthecountof8.Thisbreathingtechniqueresetsthebody,andlowersbothstressandanxiety.”1.Beforegoingtobed,whydidshepherds

countsheep?A.Tolearntocountnumbers.B.Tohelpfallasleepquickly.C.Tomakeallsheepwerethere.D.Toplaygameswithothershepherds.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromt

hebookDisciplinaClericalis?A.Countingsheephasalonghistory.B.Thebookwaswrittenforalongtime.C.Countingsheepwasquiteinteresting.D.Thebookdescrib

eslifeofshepherds.3.WhatisHilaryThompson’sviewoncountingsheep?A.Itishelpfultosleep.B.Itdoesn’tworkverywell.C.Itincr

easessleeptime.D.Itmakesmindrelaxing.4.WhatisthebestwaytofallasleepquicklybyElizabethTrattner?A.Listeningtosoftmusic.B.Picturingwaterrunnin

g.C.Imaginingrelaxingthings.D.Applyingbreathingtechniques.6.AstudyconfirmedthatthecracksfoundonMars’ssurfacelastyearbytheCur

iosityRoverareevidenceofancientlakesthatlikelydriedupabout3.5billionyearsago.ThenewstudyprovidesfurtherevidenceofwhattheclimateontheRedP

lanetmayhavebeenlikeinitsancientpast.Thestudy,publishedonlineinGeology,provedthatcracksonMars’ssurfacepreviouslyphotographedbyCuriosityaredr

ymudcrackswhichcouldhaveonlybeenformedwhenwetgroundwasexposedtotheair.Thisconclusionwasbasedonananalysisofasing

leareaofrockknownas“OldSoaker.”ResearchersusedtheCuriosityroverandinformationfromitsmanytoolsincludingtheMarsHandLensImager,Che

mCamLaser-InducedBreakdownSpectrometer(LIBS)andtheAlphaParticleX-RaySpectrometer(APXS)tostudyboththephysicalappearanceandthechemis

tryoftherock,whichisdescribedasnobiggerthanacoffeetable.Theanalysisshowedthatcracksontherockswereformedbyexposuretoair,rath

erthanheatortheflowofwater.Inaddition,theshapeofthecrackssuggestsitexperiencedasingledryingeventonth

eplanet,ratherthangettingwetanddryingoverrepeatedly.Thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,

alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.“Themudcracksareexcitingbecausetheyhelpustounderstandthisancien

tlakesystem,”leadstudyauthorNathanielStein,ageologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,said,referringtotheancientlak

esystemontheplanet.ScientistshaveknownoftheexistenceofancientwateronMarsforyears.A2015NASAstudythatmeasuredwaterinMars’satmospheresuggestedthatanc

ientoceansmayoncehavehadmorewaterthanourownArcticOcean.However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth,thiswate

revaporated(蒸发)intospaceoverthecourseofseveralbillionyears.1.WhatistheCuriosityRover?A.Anorganization.B.Ascientis

t.C.Aplanet.D.Amachine.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthediscoveryonMars?A.Thecracksarenearthecenterofanancientlake.B.Marswasgettingwetanddryingmoretha

nonce.C.ThelakelevelonMarsseldomchangesovertime.D.Thecracksontherockswereformedbywaterflow.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Ancientwaters

tillexistsonMarsnow.B.ThegravityonMarsisstrongerthanthatonEarth.C.TheatmosphereonEarthisthickerthanthatonMars.D.TheancientArcticOceanhadmorewatertha

nithasnow.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WateronMars.B.AtriptoMars.C.AstudyonMars.D.CracksonMars.7.Theconnectionbetwe

enpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoun

gstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%mor

eproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepf

urther-changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsth

athavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengin

eerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhisla

testprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours

.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttherooms

oreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontopla

ntleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wh

eretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoft

enfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduring

transmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.(1)Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymust

runlongdistances.B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

(2)Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbo

dybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.(3)WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’o

pinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.(4)Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattit

udetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(4)BCDB解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Psych

ologistSusanLevine...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills"

以及第三段内容可知,孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。(2).考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句"Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)

aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid"可知,Levine在设计实验时,考虑到了父母的收入、教育以

及谈话量。故选C。(3).考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段最后一句"However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmor

espatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls"可知,男孩们较女孩们而言,倾向于玩更复杂的智力游戏。故选D。(4).考查主旨大意。阅读全文内容尤其是最

后一段"ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience"可知,该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学研究。故选B。2.答案：BDCA解析：(1).考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"theyarefindingexamplesofhu

manevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears"可以推断,作者举例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识,故选B。(2).考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Theyhavetr

aditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters"可知,巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区,故D项正确。(3).考查细节理解。根据第三

段中的"Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders"可知,年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的

时间,故选C。(4).考查标题判断。本文是一篇研究报道,根据第二段的研究结果"ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaplation-nottoairortofood,buttothe

ocean"可知,本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活,身体结构发生了变化,所以A项适合作本文的标题。3.答案：(1)-(4)ADAC解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的"Researc

hersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence"

可推断,该研究关注父亲在教育子女坚持方面的独特作用和地位。故答案为A项。(2).考查推理判断。根据文章第四段的"Authoritativeparenting...Rather,anauthoritati

veparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandt

hereasonsbehindrulesarestressed"可推断,真正的权威式父亲不是"独裁式"的,而是给孩子讲规则、讲理由的。此处特别要注意文章中的"thereasonsbehindrulesarestresse

d"与D项属于同义替换。所以答案为D项。(3).考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段的"thatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch"可知,未来的研

究将会更多关注到单亲父母在教导坚持的益处方面的作用。因此选A项。(4).考查标题判断。根据文章第一段的"ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquep

ositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence"可知,本文主要围绕父亲的家教作用来展开,提出父亲对孩子坚持的品质的培养有特别的影响。故C项能够很好地概括

全文。4.答案：(1)-(4)ABDA解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容以及第四段第一句"Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolle

aguesbeganathoroughstudyoftheirsociety"可知,鹫珠鸡独特的行为表现使Dr.Farine觉得它们可能有社会结构,所以他和他的同事开展了这项研究,故选A。(2).考查段落大意。根据第四段的内容可知,Dr.Farine及其团队在一年内每天观察

441只鹫珠鸡,并用彩带把它们区分开,还给其中58只身上装了定位设备,每天24小时观察它们的去向,由此可知,本段主要讲述了Dr.Farine及其团队所使用的研究方法,故B项正确。(3).考查推理判断。通读全文并根据最后一段中的"Havingamultilevelstructure

maynotrequirehavingalargebrain"可推知,即使大脑很小的物种,也可能拥有多层次的社会结构,故选D。(4).考查写作目的。本文第一段通过鹫珠鸡的行为表现引人话题,第二段介绍了研究发现,第三、四段讲述了开始研究的原因

及研究方法,后四段分析了研究发现。由此可知,本文主要介绍了一项关于鹫珠鸡的研究的发现,故A项正确。5.答案：1.C;2.A;3.B;4.D解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第三、第四句话可知,如果牧羊人在公共场

合放牧,那么每晚睡觉前都要清点羊群数量来确保所有的羊都在。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“AchapterinDisciplinaClericalsuggeststhatcountingsheephasalreadybeenparto

fcertainculturesforcenturies.”可知,睡觉时数羊这一现象已经存在几个世纪之久,已经成为特定文化的一部分。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第四段HilaryThompson说的话

“Involvingthebrain…”及“Unfortunately,countingsheepisn’toneofthesehelpfultasks…”可知脑中想一些轻松、重复的事物有助于睡眠,但是

数羊不在其中。由此可知,HUaryThompson认为睡前数羊几乎没有什么作用。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段ElizabethTrattner所说的话,呼吸可以让身体放松,同时减缓压力和焦虑,可知

,ElzabethTrattner认为使用一些呼吸技巧来促进睡眠是最佳的方法。故选D。6.答案：1.D;2.A;3.C;4.D解析：1.根据第二段中…previouslyphotographedbyCuriosity可知,Curiosityrove

r是火星探测器。2.根据第四段中的thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit可知答案。3.根据最后一段中becausethep

lanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth可知,地球的大气层比火星的厚。4.根据首段中的AstudyconfirmedthatthecracksfoundonMars’ssurfacelastyearbytheC

uriosityroverareevidenceofancientlakesthatlikelydriedupabout3.5billionyearsago.以及下文对该裂缝的分析可知,这篇文章是关于火星裂缝的。7.答案：(1)-(4)DACC解析：(1).考查段落大意

。根据第一段第二句"Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects"及本段中的"greenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime"和"employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhenth

eirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants"可知,D选项"Benefitsfromgreenplants"能概括本段内容。(2).考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句中的"These

includeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater"可知,A选项正确。根据该句后半部分"aplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater

"可知,干扰项D选项错误。(3).考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句"Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy"可推知,在未来发光的植

物可能有助于减少能源消耗。(4).考查标题判断。文章第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光;第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是

否可以"打开"和"关上";第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多,或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗?)最能凸显本文主题。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com