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2020年高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编（6）阅读理解-科教科普类1.Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butrese

archerssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUni

versityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasf

oundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.There

searchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofage

havebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage."Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthata

ssessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,"Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallyw

ould,andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,a

ndbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboy

sprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmental

Science.(1).Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control.D.G

aininghigh-techknowledge.(2).WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?A.Parents'age.B.Children'simagination.C.Parents

'education.D.Child-parentrelationship.(3).Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theyte

ndtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.(4).Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.2.Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthato

ccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes(基因),theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiop

ianhighlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEastAfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation(突变)thathelp

sthemdigestmilkasadults.OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation-nottoairortofoo

d,buttotheocean.Agroupofsea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthou

sandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwat

ers."Theyaresimplyastrangertotheland,"saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcherwhostudiestheBajau.Dr.Jubiladofirstmetthe

BajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish."Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwa

termuchlongerthanuslocalislanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea."In2015,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestuden

tingeneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhaveledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmad

ethetaskeasierforthem."Itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,"saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosa

idtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelptheBajaudive.(1).Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?A.Environmentaladaptatio

nofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhumanevolution.C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.(2).WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhous

es?A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthecoast.(3).WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A.

Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandandwater.(4).Whatcan

beasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkillsC.BasicMethodsofGen

eticResearchD.TheWorld'sBestDivers3.Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Akeyskillsetforsuccessispersistence(毅力),c

haracteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheir

adolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.BYUprofessorsLauraPadilla-WalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsa

fterfollowing325Americanfamiliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersledtohigherachievementins

chool."Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,"Padilla-Walkersaid."Thisresearchalsohelpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchasp

ersistence—whichcanbetaught—arekeytoachild'slifesuccess."Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authorita

tiveparentingisnotauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteri

stics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed;childrenaregivenanap

propriatelevelofautonomy(自主权).Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedabove-averagelevelsofauthoritativeparentin

g.keyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersisten

ce,whichleadstobetteroutcomesinschool.Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14-year-oldslivingintwo-parenthomes.Yett

heresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.(1).Whatisspecialaboutth

eBYUprofessors'study?A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.D.Itaimed

toimprovekids'achievementinschool.(2).Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?A.Ignore

theirdemands.B.Makedecisionsforthem.C.Controltheirbehaviors.D.Explaintherulestothem.(3).Whichgroupcan

beafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?A.Singleparents.B.Childrenagedfrom11to14.C.Authoritarianfathers.D.Mothersintwo-

parenthomes.(4).Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathersB.KeySkillsforYou

ngAdultstoSucceedinFutureC.ChildrenTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFatherD.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance4.

Agroupofblue-facedbirdsstepthroughthegrassshouldertoshoulder,redeyeslookingaround.Theylooklikemiddleschoolersseekingacafeteriatableatlunchtime.Perha

psthey'renotsodifferent.Anewstudy,ledbyDamienFarine,anornithologistwhostudiescollectivebehaviour,showsthatvulturineguineaf

owlsofeasternAfrica,likehumans,havemultilevelsocieties.Inthepast,scientistsassumedsuchsocialstructuresrequiredalotofb

rainpower.Butthepea-brainedguineafowlsarerevealingthefaultsinthatassumption.Theselargebirdswanderacrossthelandsca

peinpacks,oftenwalkingsocloselythattheirbodiestouch.Theymayfighteachothertomaintaintheirstricthierarchies(等级制度),but

atothertimestheyengageinfriendlybehaviourslikesharingfood.Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoro

ughstudyoftheirsociety.Forawholeyear,theymadedailyobservationsof441birds.Colouredlegbandsinuniquecombinati

onsletresearcherstelltheblack-and-bluebirdsapart.TheyalsoattachedGPSdevicestothebacksof58birds,whichletthemseee

xactlywhereeverygroupwent,24hoursaday.Thefindingsoftheresearchsuggestthatvulturineguineafowlshaveamul

tilevelsociety.Therearegroupswithingroupswithinthepopulationasawhole.Thereevenseemtobegroupsoffriendswithinthesmallg

roups.Thisisthefirsttimeanyonehasobservedsuchasocietyinabird.AndDr.Farineemphasizesthisparticularbird'stinybra

insize."Theydon'tonlyhavesmallbrainsrelativetomammals(哺乳动物);theyalsohavequitesmallbrainsrelativetootherbirds,"hesaid.Accordingtohim,l

ivinginthiskindofsocietymightactuallymakeiteasiertokeeptrackofthesocialorder.Forexample,ifgroupsarestableandabirdcanidentifyjustoneortwoindivid

ualswithinagroup,itknowswhichgroupit'slookingat—noneedforabrainthatcanrecognizeeverysingleanimal.Multilevelsocietiesalsoletani

malsadjusttheirgroupsizesbasedonwhateverchallengesthey'refacing.Dependingonwhatenemiesorresourcesarearo

und,itmightmakesensetotravelinacombinedgroupratherthanasmallerone."Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain,"Dr.Farinesaid.Th

eremaybemorebirdsandotheranimalsouttherethat,althoughsmall-brained,havemultilevelsocietiesasourown.(1).Accordingtothe

passage,whatinspiredDr.Farinetocarryoutthestudy?A.Theguineafowl'ssocialbehaviour.B.Previousassumptionsaboutbirds.

C.Hisinterestinanimals'brainpower.D.Thefaultsinearlierresearch.(2).WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theresearchsubjects.B.Theresea

rchmethods.C.Theresearchfindings.D.Theresearchequipment.(3).Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Complexsocialsystem

scanbeadisadvantagetoguineafowls.B.Guineafowlsaregoodatrecognizingindividualsinagroup.C.Birdsmaintainthesocialorderbytravelli

ngincombinedgroups.D.Small-brainedanimalscanformmultilevelsocieties.(4).Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Topresentthefindin

gsofastudyoftheguineafowl.B.Toexplaintheinteractionpatternsinmultilevelsocieties.C.Tointroduceanewapproachtoobservingth

eguineafowl.D.Touncovercluesabouthowcomplexsocietiesareformed.5.Onesheep,twosheep.Wait,whyarewecountingsheepagain?Counting

sheeptofallasleepisamethodthatseemstobeasoldastime.Buthaveyoueverstoppedtothinkaboutwhythey’resheep?Whynotcats?Ordogs?Whiletheoriginofwhy

peoplecountsheeptofallasleephasnoexactroot,there’reafewguesses.Themostpopularbelief,accordingtoMentalFloss,hastodowit

hshepherdsinBritaininMiddleAges.Apparently,ifshepherdsusedcommunalgrazingland(公共牧场),theywereresponsibletokeepaheadcountoftheirshee

peachnightSobeforegoingtosleep,theycountedtheirsheeptoensuretheywereallaccountedfor.Butatleastonebookclaimsthelinkbetweensheepandsl

eepgoesbackevenfurther,reportsMentalFloss.“AchapterinDisciplinaClericalissuggeststhatcountingsheephasalreadybeenpartofcertaincu

lturesforcenturies.”Sodoescountingsheeptofallasleepactuallywork?Apparently,youmightwanttoseekotheroptionsfirst.“Inv

olvingthebraininarelaxing,repetitivetaskslowsthemind,andstopsourracingstressfulthoughtsfromtakingover,”saysHilaryThompson,ahealthcon

sultant.“Unfortunately,countingsheepisn’toneofthesehelpfultasks.ResearchersatOxfordUniversityputittothetestanddiscoveredthatsubjectswhopicturedr

unningwaterfallsandriverscouldfallasleepmorequickly.”Inadditiontopicturingsomethingrelaxing,breathingtechniquesalsotendtobeveryeffectivesleepi

ngaids.“Iprefertoteachpatientsthebreathwork,”saysDrElizabethTrattner.“Breathinthroughthenoseforacountof4,holdfor7an

dmakeawhooshingnoiseoutforthecountof8.Thisbreathingtechniqueresetsthebody,andlowersbothstressandanxiety.”1.Beforegoingtobed,whydidshepherds

countsheep?A.Tolearntocountnumbers.B.Tohelpfallasleepquickly.C.Tomakeallsheepwerethere.D.Toplaygameswithothershep

herds.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthebookDisciplinaClericalis?A.Countingsheephasalonghistory.B.Thebookwaswri

ttenforalongtime.C.Countingsheepwasquiteinteresting.D.Thebookdescribeslifeofshepherds.3.WhatisHilaryThompson’sviewoncountingsheep?A.I

tishelpfultosleep.B.Itdoesn’tworkverywell.C.Itincreasessleeptime.D.Itmakesmindrelaxing.4.Whatisthebestwaytofallasleepqui

cklybyElizabethTrattner?A.Listeningtosoftmusic.B.Picturingwaterrunning.C.Imaginingrelaxingthings.D.Applying

breathingtechniques.6.AstudyconfirmedthatthecracksfoundonMars’ssurfacelastyearbytheCuriosityRoverareevidenceofancientlakesthatlikelydriedupabout3.5

billionyearsago.ThenewstudyprovidesfurtherevidenceofwhattheclimateontheRedPlanetmayhavebeenlikeinitsancientpast.Thestudy,pu

blishedonlineinGeology,provedthatcracksonMars’ssurfacepreviouslyphotographedbyCuriosityaredrymudcrackswhi

chcouldhaveonlybeenformedwhenwetgroundwasexposedtotheair.Thisconclusionwasbasedonananalysisofasinglea

reaofrockknownas“OldSoaker.”ResearchersusedtheCuriosityroverandinformationfromitsmanytoolsincludingtheMarsHandLensImager,ChemCamLase

r-InducedBreakdownSpectrometer(LIBS)andtheAlphaParticleX-RaySpectrometer(APXS)tostudyboththephysicalappearanceandthechemistryofth

erock,whichisdescribedasnobiggerthanacoffeetable.Theanalysisshowedthatcracksontherockswereformedbyexposuretoair,ratherthanheatortheflowofwat

er.Inaddition,theshapeofthecrackssuggestsitexperiencedasingledryingeventontheplanet,ratherthangettingwetanddryingoverrepeatedly.Thepositionofthecrac

ks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.“Themudcr

acksareexcitingbecausetheyhelpustounderstandthisancientlakesystem,”leadstudyauthorNathanielStein,ageologistattheC

aliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,said,referringtotheancientlakesystemontheplanet.Scientistshavekno

wnoftheexistenceofancientwateronMarsforyears.A2015NASAstudythatmeasuredwaterinMars’satmospheresuggestedthatanci

entoceansmayoncehavehadmorewaterthanourownArcticOcean.However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth,thi

swaterevaporated(蒸发)intospaceoverthecourseofseveralbillionyears.1.WhatistheCuriosityRover?A.Anorganization.B.Ascientist.C.Apla

net.D.Amachine.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthediscoveryonMars?A.Thecracksarenearthecenterofanancientlake.B.Marsw

asgettingwetanddryingmorethanonce.C.ThelakelevelonMarsseldomchangesovertime.D.Thecracksontherockswereformedbywaterflow.3

.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.AncientwaterstillexistsonMarsnow.B.ThegravityonMarsisstrongert

hanthatonEarth.C.TheatmosphereonEarthisthickerthanthatonMars.D.TheancientArcticOceanhadmorewaterthanithasnow.4.Whati

sthetextmainlyabout?A.WateronMars.B.AtriptoMars.C.AstudyonMars.D.CracksonMars.7.Theconnectionbetweenp

eopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudycon

ductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,emplo

yeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther-changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseinclu

deplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater

."We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichaelStrano,ap

rofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingso

mecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-tho

usandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slife

time.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricit

yconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostree

tlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance

andthereforehelpsaveenergy.(1)Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?A.Theymustrunlongdistances.B.Theyarequal

ifiedforthemarathon.C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.(2)Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveover

running?A.It’smorepopularattheOlympics.B.It’slesschallengingphysically.C.It’smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.D.It’slesslikelytocause

kneeinjuries.(3)WhatisDr.Norberg’ssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?A.Gettingexperts’opinions.B.Havingamedicalcheckup.C.Hiringan

experiencedcoach.D.Doingregularexercises.(4)Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conserva

tive.答案以及解析1.答案：(1)-(4)BCDB解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"PsychologistSusanLevine...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4later

developbetterspatialskills"以及第三段内容可知,孩子们通过玩智力游戏可以培养空间技能。故选B。(2).考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句"Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)afte

rcontrollingfordifferencesinparents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid"可知,Levine在设计实验时,考虑到了父母的收入、教育以及谈话量。故选C。(3).考查细

节理解。根据倒数第二段最后一句"However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmoresp

atiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls"可知,男孩们较女孩们而言,倾向于玩更复杂的智力游戏。故选D。(4).考查主旨大意。阅读全

文内容尤其是最后一段"ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience"可知,该篇文章主要介绍的是一项科学研究。故选B。2.答案：BDCA解析：(1).考查推理判断。根据第一段中

的"theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears"可以推断,作者举例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识,故选B。(2).考查细节理解。根据第

二段中的"Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts(支柱)incoastalwaters"可知,巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区,故D项正确。

(3).考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders"可知,年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长的时间,故选C。(4).考查标题

判断。本文是一篇研究报道,根据第二段的研究结果"ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaplation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean"可知,本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海

上的生活,身体结构发生了变化,所以A项适合作本文的标题。3.答案：(1)-(4)ADAC解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的"ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfath

ersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence"可推断,该研究关注父亲在教育子女坚持方面的独特作用和地位。故答案为A项。(2).考

查推理判断。根据文章第四段的"Authoritativeparenting...Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefrom

theirfather;responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesarestressed"可推断,真正的权威式父亲不是"独裁式"的,而是给孩子讲规则、讲理由的。此处特别要注意文章中的"thereasonsbeh

indrulesarestressed"与D项属于同义替换。所以答案为D项。(3).考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段的"thatsingleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisan

avenueoffutureresearch"可知,未来的研究将会更多关注到单亲父母在教导坚持的益处方面的作用。因此选A项。(4).考查标题判断。根据文章第一段的"ResearchersfromBrighamYoun

gUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence"可知,本文主要围绕父亲的家教作用来展开,提出父亲对孩子坚持的品质的培养有特别的影响。故C项能够很好地概

括全文。4.答案：(1)-(4)ABDA解析：(1).考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容以及第四段第一句"Suspectingtheguineafowlmighthaveasocialstructure,Dr.Farineandhiscolleaguesbeganathoroug

hstudyoftheirsociety"可知,鹫珠鸡独特的行为表现使Dr.Farine觉得它们可能有社会结构,所以他和他的同事开展了这项研究,故选A。(2).考查段落大意。根据第四段的内容可知,Dr.F

arine及其团队在一年内每天观察441只鹫珠鸡,并用彩带把它们区分开,还给其中58只身上装了定位设备,每天24小时观察它们的去向,由此可知,本段主要讲述了Dr.Farine及其团队所使用的研究方法,故B项正确。(3).考查

推理判断。通读全文并根据最后一段中的"Havingamultilevelstructuremaynotrequirehavingalargebrain"可推知,即使大脑很小的物种,也可能拥有多层次的社会结构,故选D。(4).考查写作目的。本文第一段通过鹫珠鸡的

行为表现引人话题,第二段介绍了研究发现,第三、四段讲述了开始研究的原因及研究方法,后四段分析了研究发现。由此可知,本文主要介绍了一项关于鹫珠鸡的研究的发现,故A项正确。5.答案：1.C;2.A;3.B;4.D解析：1.细

节理解题。根据第二段第三、第四句话可知,如果牧羊人在公共场合放牧,那么每晚睡觉前都要清点羊群数量来确保所有的羊都在。故选C。2.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“AchapterinDisciplinaClericalsuggeststhatcountingsheephasalreadybeenpa

rtofcertainculturesforcenturies.”可知,睡觉时数羊这一现象已经存在几个世纪之久,已经成为特定文化的一部分。故选A。3.推理判断题。根据第四段HilaryThompson说的话“Involvingthe

brain…”及“Unfortunately,countingsheepisn’toneofthesehelpfultasks…”可知脑中想一些轻松、重复的事物有助于睡眠,但是数羊不在其中。由此可知,HUaryThompso

n认为睡前数羊几乎没有什么作用。故选B。4.细节理解题。根据最后一段ElizabethTrattner所说的话,呼吸可以让身体放松,同时减缓压力和焦虑,可知,ElzabethTrattner认为使用一些呼吸技巧来促进睡眠是最佳的方法。故选D。6.答案：1.D;2

.A;3.C;4.D解析：1.根据第二段中…previouslyphotographedbyCuriosity可知,Curiosityrover是火星探测器。2.根据第四段中的thepositionofthecracks

,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit可知答案。3.根据最后一段中becausetheplanethaslessgravityandat

hinneratmospherethanEarth可知,地球的大气层比火星的厚。4.根据首段中的AstudyconfirmedthatthecracksfoundonMars’ssurfacelastyearbytheCuriosi

tyroverareevidenceofancientlakesthatlikelydriedupabout3.5billionyearsago.以及下文对该裂缝的分析可知,这篇文章是关于火星裂缝的。7.答

案：(1)-(4)DACC解析：(1).考查段落大意。根据第一段第二句"Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects"及本段中的"greenerareasofthecit

yexperiencedlesscrime"和"employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants"可知,D选项"Benefitsfromgreenplants"能概括

本段内容。(2).考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句中的"Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwate

r"可知,A选项正确。根据该句后半部分"aplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater"可知,干扰项D选项错误。(3).考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容尤其是最后一句

"Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy"可推知,在未来发光的植物可能有助于减少能源消耗。(4).考查标题判断。文章

第一段点明植物的积极作用;第二段是有关植物的其他方面的功能的研究;第三段说明最新的研究表明植物可以发光;第四段是有关将来要开发的一种用在植物叶子上的技术及研究植物发光是否可以"打开"和"关上";第五段表述能量在传输中损失很多,或许发光植物可以解决这一问题。故C选项(发光的植物能代替灯吗?)最

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