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1UsingLanguageTHEORIESOFGRAVITYMichaelJonesoftheNewSpaceMagazineistalkingwithspacetravellerLiYanpingaboutchangesint

hetheoryofgravity.LY=DrLiYanpingMJ=MichaelJonesListentoPart1.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.MJ:Hello,DrLiYanping.It’ssogoo

dofyoutotalktome.Somestudentsaskuswhythingsalwaysfallbacktoearthifyouthrowthemupintheair.Couldyouexplainit?LY:Well,atfirstpeoplethou

ghtitwasbecausetheearthwasthecentreoftheuniverse.Ofcoursethatwaswrong.OnedayIsaacNewtonwatchedanapplefalltotheground.H

esaidthatsomethingelsemustbepullingtheapplebacktoearth.Hecalledit“gravity”.MJ:Isee.Didpeopleaccepthisidea?LY:Theydid.La

tertheyworkedoutthatbiggerobjects(likethesun)havestrongergravitythansmallerobjects(likeourplanets).Ifyou’retravellingindeepspace,youcouldn'tfall

backtotheearth.You’rejusttoofaraway.ListentoPart2.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.MJ:Doesitmeanthere’snogravityinspace?LY:No.Inaspac

eshipyouwouldfeelthepullasitgotclosertosuchanobject.Youwouldtravelfasterandfastertowardsit.MJ:Untilyou

hitit?LY:Notexactly.Youmaypassitveryfastandthenitwouldthrowyououtintospaceagain.Afterthatyouwouldslowdownto

theusualspeed.MJ:Howdoyouknowthis?LY:In1905Einsteinsaidthatinspacelargeobjectsmakespace-timebend;thelargerth

eobject,thefurtherspace-timebends.Sotimegoesslowerinverystronggravity.MJ:Whataboutblackholes?LY:That’saplacei

nspacewhichhassuchastrongmassthatnothingcanescapefromitsgravity.Thereisakindofedgearoundthismass.Ifyoucrossoverthisedge,it’simpossibleforyout

ogetback.Howeverifyoudon’tcrossthisedge,youcanstillescape.StephenHawkinghasdonealotofresearchintoblackholes.Hehasshownthatthey“sp

it”thingsoutaswellas“eat”them.Workbook-ListeningANINTERVIEWWITHYANGLIWEIR=MrRenaultY=YangLiweiListentoPa

rt1.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.R:Thankyousomuch,MrYang,forcomingtotalktoustodayaboutyourexperienceinspace.Y:Notatall.I’mh

appytobehere.R:Pleasecanyoutellusyourmostexcitingmoment?2Y:Well,thatwaswhenthespaceshipbegantoliftoff

theground.ThenIknewthatIwasreallyonmywayandthatChinawouldbecomethethirdcountrytosendpeopleintospace.R:Didyoufeelafraid

?Y:No,becauseIwastrainednottoworry.SoIwatchedallmyinstrumentsandstayedcalm.R:Whatsurprisedyou?Y:Thebeautyofspace.I’dneverrealizedh

owlovelytheearthlookstillIwasgoingroundit.ListentoPart2.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.R:Didyoualways

wanttobeanastronaut?Y:Well,IdreamedofitwhenIwasyoung,butIneverthoughtmywishwouldcometrue.Itallhappenedgradually.FirstIgotmydegreeandthenItrainedfo

rtenyearstoflyairplanesandthentoflyaspaceship.R:Isee.Didyouhavetobeacertainsizeandweight?Y:Yes.Anastronauth

astobesmallerthan170cmandweighlessthan70kg.R:Soyouweretheperfectchoice!Butofcourseyouhadtoworkveryhard.Wouldyouliketogointospace

again?Y:Yes,Iwouldiftherewasanopportunity.I’dlovetogotothemoononeday.R:Ihopewe’llbetalkingtoyouagainafteryou’vefinishedthattrip!

Goodbye,MrYang.Thankyoufortalkingtous.Y:Itwasmypleasure.Workbook-ListeningTaskANINTERVIEWWITHLIYANPINGW=WallisL=LiYanp

ingListenagainandfillintheblanks.W:MrLi,wouldyoupleasetellusaboutyourspacewalk?L:Yes.I’dbehappyto.WecleanedandrepairedtheHubble

telescope.W:Oh,andisthatwhenyoudidyourspacewalk?L:Yes.W:Howdidyouprepareforit?L:Firstwehadtogetintospacesuits.

They’reverythickandcarryalltheoxygenweneedtobreathe.Thesuitalsohashotandcoldwatersoitcanwarmusifit’stooc

oldorcoolusifit’stoohot.Soit’sveryheavy.W:Isitdangeroustoleavethespaceship?L:Yes,indeed.Whenweleave,wegointoasmallroom.W

ehavetoweargravitybootstowalkthere.Weclosethedoorbehindusandthenweopenthedoortospace.Thenourgravitybootsstopworkingandweflyoutofthedoor.W:Ho

wdoyoumoveaboutinspace?L:Weusesmallenginestomovearound.Togoleftwepushtherightengineandtogorightwepushtheleftone.Wemo

veslowlybecausewedon’tweighanything.Wecanflyaroundlikefeathers.W:Whatdoesitfeellikeinspace?3L:Verystrange.Thereisnogravit

ysodoinganyjobisverytiring.W:Whathappensifyouflytoofarfromthespaceship?L:You’dnevergetbacksowetieourselvestothespaceshipwithaspecialrope.W:Howdid

yourepairtheHubbletelescope?L:Weusedsomespecialtoolstiedroundourwaists.Thatwaywedidn’tlosethem.Wedidagoodjob.Thetelescopeworksfinenow.W:T

hankyouverymuch,MrLi.