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-1-PeriodⅣWriting|概要写作——人与自然本单元的写作目标是概要写作，主题为人与自然。1．进行概要写作时要注意以下四点：(1)一般使用第三人称。(2)不可加入自己的观点。(3)一定不可对原文内容加以评论。(4)一定不要引入与原文内容无关的信

息。2．概要写作步骤在写概要时，要按照“六步法”的程序进行，具体操作方法如下：(1)Scanthepassage—览全文，定体裁(2)Underlinethemainpoints—划要点(3)Missthedetails—省细节(4)Analys

ethestructure—析结构(5)Restatethepoints—换表达(6)Organizethemainpointsintoapassage—连全文1．常用开头语(1)议论文Thepassage/

authorarguesthat...本文/作者主张……Thepassage/authorhighlightstheimportanceof...本文/作者强调了……的重要性。Thepassage/authordiscussestheimpact

of...本文/作者讨论了……的影响。Thepassage/authorcompares...with...本文/作者比较了……与……(2)说明文Accordingtothepassage,wecanknow...根据文章我们可知……Thispassage/articleismain

lyabout...这篇文章主要是关于……Inthepassage,thewriter/authormainlytellsus...在这篇文章中作者主要告诉我们……-2-Anewstudyfound...一个新的研究发现……Thepurposeo

fthereportistoshow...这一报告的目的是表明……(3)记叙文Thepassage/storyismainlyabout...本文/这个故事主要是关于……Theauthortellsusastoryabout..

.作者告诉我们一个关于……的故事Thepassageisastoryabout...本文是一个关于……的故事2．要点连接词(1)顺序firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally首先，第二，第三，最后；tobeginwith,then,fur

thermore,finally首先，然后，其次，最后；tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally首先，然后，其次，最后。(2)并列aswellas也；notonly...but(also)...不仅……还……；including/included包

括。(3)对比ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……；foronething...foranother...一方面……另一方面……；onthecontrary与此相反；nevertheless然而；comp

aredto与……相比；incontrastwith与……形成对比；though/inspiteof尽管。(4)递进even甚至；besides除了……之外(还)；what'smore还有；moreover而且；furt

hermore此外；inaddition另外；worsestill＝what'sworse＝tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是。(5)例证asamatteroffact/infact事实上；forexample/forinstance例如。

(6)强调especially特别；indeed确实；atleast至少；atmost最多；notatall根本不；orrather更确切地说；particularly特别地。(7)因果thanksto多亏；asaresult结果；becauseof/asaresultof/onaccou

ntof/dueto因为；owingto多亏；forthisreason由于这个原因。-3-(8)总结inshort总之；generallyspeaking一般来说；briefly/inbrief简言之；tosumup＝tosummarize＝insummary/

toconclude总之。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Bambooisoneoftheworld'smostusefulplants.Forthousandsofyearsbamboohasbeenusedinmanydiffere

ntways—fromfoodtomedicinetoclothingand,insmallways,asabuildingmaterial.However,bambooisnotoftenusedasabuildingmaterialint

hedevelopedworld.AprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburghinPennsylvaniaistryingtochangethat.Theprofessorandhisstudentsaretestingthestrengthofbam

boo.Theyaretestingitsradialload,orhowmuchpressureorweightitcantakebeforebreaking.KentHarriesisaprofessorattheUniversityofPittsburgh.

Harriessaysthattestingmethodsforbambooneedtobethesameforall.Theyneedtobestandardized.Harriessaysbambooisstronginnature.Thestrengthofatleastthreesp

eciesofbambooissimilartosteel.Besidesitsstrength,Harriessaysthatbamboohasotherfeaturesthatmakeitagreatbuildingmaterial.Hesaysitisresilient,meaningi

tkeepsitsshapeandstrengthevenunderpressure.Bambooalsogrowsquickly.Bamboothatissuitableforconstructionneedsmuchlessresourcesthanwood.Theharvestcycl

eofbambooisabout3years.Softwoodssuchascedar,pineandsprucehaveaharvestcycleofabout10years.Andhardwoodsthatcomefromfloweringplantssuchasoak,ma

pleandwalnutneedmorethan30years.Bambooiswidelyusedasfoodforpandabears.Itisalsousedforflooringandwindowcovers.However,forbuilding,bam

booisnotusedmuchoutsideitsnativegrowingarea.Thisismostlybecauseofitsroundshape.Butthereareotherreasonstoo.Peoplethinkthatbambooisalow-qualitybuil

dingmaterial.[精彩范文]Thoughbamboohasbeenusedwidely,itisseldomappliedinconstruction,whichaprofessorandhisstudentswanttoc

hangebyresearchingbamboo'sstrength.(要点1)-4-Firstly,bambooisstrongandresilient.(要点2)Besides,itgrowsfastandisenvironmenta

lly-friendly.(要点3)However,bambooisusedlessinconstruction,mainlybecauseitisroundandisconsideredoflowquality.(要点4)总评范文按照文章要点出现的先后顺序进行了很好地整理和写作，恰当运用同义词转

换使文章高级感更强。[亮点呈现](1)文中首句Thoughbamboohasbeenusedwidely,itisseldomappliedinconstruction,whichaprofessorandhisstudentswanttochangebyresearchingbamboo

'sstrength.使用了though引导的让步状语从句及which引导的非限制性定语从句，展现了作者高超的语言表达能力和总结能力。(2)文中使用Firstly,Besides,However引出要点，使文章更有条理性。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右

的内容概要。MeetingBearsinNationalParksBearsandhumansoftenmeetinNationalParks.Althoughcampersandhikersarewarnednott

ofeedthebears,manypeopleignorethesewarningsandfeedthebeastsanyway.Whenbearsareusedtopeople'sfood,problemssoonarise.Bearsliketoeat

awidevarietyofthings,bothmeatandvegetable.Withouthumanassistance,bearslivenicelyonroots,twigs,leavesoftrees,insectsand

smallanimals.Withpeoplearound,thebears'tastesquicklyexpandtoincludesandwiches,hotdogs,hamburgers,andanythingelsetheycantempthumansintogiv

ingup.Bearsoftendevelopcleverstrategiesforgettingpeopletoletgotheirfoodsupplies.Moreoftenthannot,anunsuspectinghikerhastakeno

ffhisorherpackforarestonlytohaveabearchargeoutofthewoods,grabthepackandquicklydisappearintotheunderbrushwithit.Hangingthepackonatreebran

chwon'thelp.Bearshavebeenknowntoclimbup,jumpoff,andcatchthepackonthewaydown.Onemotherbearstretchedupwithherbab

yonhershoulderstoreachapackstoredonapole.Manybearsthreatenpeopleintogivinguptheirsupplies.Althoughabearisunlikelytoattackapersonan

dwouldprobablyrunawayifscreamedat,fewpeoplearewillingtodoso.Mostpeopledropthepackandruntheotherway.This,ofcourse,deligh

tsthebear.Insomeplaces,theParkServicehasinstalledsomemetalbarrelswithlidstohelpcampers-5-keeptheirsuppliessafefrombears.Althoughtheb

earsareunabletoopenthesecontainers,theefforthasbeenlessthansuccessful.Mostcampers,unabletotellthemetaldrumsfromrubbishcans,neverus

ethemfortheintendedpurpose.写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人类错误投喂熊的行为所带来的问题。[精彩范文]-6-课外拓展阅读——中国优秀传统文化专题练阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单

词的正确形式。Inhumanhistory,manyancientandsplendidcivilizationswerebornanddied.Chinaistheonlycountrywithuninterruptedhum

ancivilization.Chinesecivilizationwasborn1theshoresoftheYellowRiver.Andtherichland2ChinesecivilizationbeganisHenan

Province.TheYellowRivergoesacross3(center)Henan.ItissaidthatChina'smostancienttribal(部落的)4(leader),theYel

lowEmperorandtheYanEmperor,werebornhere.Eventoday,Chinesepeopleallovertheworldstill5(proud)callthemselvesthedescendant

s(后裔)ofthesetwoemperors.6(respect)byeverygeneration,theMotherRiverholds7unshakablepositionintheheartofeveryC

hinese.Withintelligence,hardworkanddetermination,Chinesepeoplepursueco-existenceandcommonprosperityonthisland.The5,464-km-longYellowRiver

breaksbarriersandflowsintothebroadplain,8(form)thecradle(摇篮)ofChinesecivilization.Tillnow,theYellowRiver

9(raise)13dynasties'capitalLuoyang,8dynasties'capitalKaifengandthebiggesteconomiccenterin10(it)area—Zhengzhou.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.on2.where3.

central4.leaders5.proudly-7-6．Respected7.an8.forming9.hasraised10.itsTheYellowRiverbasinisnotonlythebirthplaceofancientChinesecivi

lization,butalsothemostprosperousregionintheearlyhistoryofChina.黄河流域不仅是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。