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主旨大意题专练(二)——标题归纳类A[2019·成都第三次诊断]ForthepasttwoyearsIhavebeentravellingandlivingabroad.Homehasbecomemoreofafeelingthana

place.IfeelathomewhenIamwithmyfamilyinLondon,butIalsofeelathomeinItalywithfriendsIlove.Homeisnolongerapictureofahousewithafrontdoorandsomewindows.I

tismorecomplicatedthanthat.Thisisoneofthereasonsthatcelebratingthenewyearhasbecomeveryimportantforme.Idonotcareabo

ut“NewYear'sresolutions(新年计划)”—livingabroadhasmademeconstantlyreconsiderwhatkindofpersonIwanttobeandhowIwilllivemylife,soIdon'tfeeltheneedtoplanfo

rchange:Iliveforchange.NewYear'sEvehasbecomemytimetoreconnectwiththefriends,whichmakesmefeelathome.Everyyearwet

rytoreunitewhereverweare,andrememberthetimewhenwekneweachothersowellthatwefeltlikeafamily.Itisamomen

ttoreconnectandgettoknoweachotheragain.Lastyear,wetravelledtoacottageinIrelandwherewehadnoInternetandnoneighbours.Inthemiddleo

fthecountryside,awayfromourconstantlychanginglives,wewereabletobecomelikealittlefamilyagain.Thisyear,wewenttoBarcelona

.Itwasaverybigchange.Weweresurroundedbycultureandlifeandjoy.Therewerebarsandparties.Itwasdifferent,b

utonethingstayedverymuchthesame—Ifeltathomeagainandwefeltlikeafamilyagain.AlotofpeoplefeelthatNewYear'sEvecannotliveu

ptoexpectations.Ideassuchasthe“NewYear'skiss”and“resolutions”createalotofpressureforpeopletohaveanighttoremember,anightt

hatwillchangetheirlivesandperhapsmakethenextyearworthliving.Ithinkthosepeoplearemissingthepoint.Whycan'tNewYearbe

aboutfriends?体裁：夹叙夹议文题材：个人经历主题：如何庆祝新年【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。过去两年作者在国外旅游、生活，作者认为家不只是一个地方，而是一种感觉；新年是和家人、朋友团聚的时刻，

作者经常通过和朋友们一起旅游来庆祝新年。【难句分析】Idonotcareabout“NewYear'sresolutions(新年计划)”—livingabroadhasmademeconstantlyreconsiderwhatkindofpersonIwanttobeandhowI

willlivemylife,soIdon'tfeeltheneedtoplanforchange:Iliveforchange.分析：句中whatkindofpersonIwanttobeandhowIw

illlivemylife为and连接的两个宾语从句，作reconsider的宾语；soIdon'tfeeltheneedtoplanforchange：Iliveforchange为so引导的结果状语从句。译文：我不

在意新年计划——生活在国外不断让我重新考虑我想成为什么样的人，我将如何生活，所以我觉得没有必要为改变做计划：我为改变而活。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto?A．Family.B．Livi

ngabroad.C．Home.D．Stayingwithfriends.答案与解析：C考查代词指代。根据第一段倒数第二句“Homeisnolongerapictureofahousewithafrontdoorandsomewindows”可知，家不再是一幅有前

门和一些窗户的房子的图画；结合画线词所在句“Itismorecomplicatedthanthat”可知，该句的主语It指代前一句中的“Home”，故选C项。2．Whydoesn'ttheauthorcareabout“NewYear'sresolutions”？A．NewYear'sreso

lutionscannotbereached.B．Hislifestylemakeshimalwaysreadyforchange.C．It'smeaninglesstomakeanybigchangesinlife.D．MakingNewYear'sresolution

screatesmuchpressure.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“Idonotcareabout‘NewYear'sresolutions(新年计划)’—livingabroadhasmademeconstantlyreconsiderwhatkindofpersonIwan

ttobeandhowIwilllivemylife,soIdon'tfeeltheneedtoplanforchange：Iliveforchange”可知，作者的生活不断变化，所以他认为没有必要在意新年计划，故选B项。3．Whatdoestheauthortrytoconveyt

hroughhisexperiencesinIrelandandBarcelona?A．Lifeispeacefulandenjoyable.B．Livingabroadisahappyexperience.C．Stayingwithfriendsmakeson

efeelathome.D．Travellingabroadenrichesone'slifeexperience.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段尾句“Inthemiddleofthecountry

side,awayfromourconstantlychanginglives,wewereabletobecomelikealittlefamilyagain”可知，和朋友待在乡村的中心，远离不断变化的生活，作者找到了家的感觉；根据第四段

尾句“Itwasdifferent,butonethingstayedverymuchthesame—Ifeltathomeagainandwefeltlikeafamilyagain”可知，作者和朋友们在一起，感觉又回到了家，感觉又像一家

人了。据此可知，文章中提及作者和朋友在爱尔兰和巴塞罗那的经历旨在说明和朋友待在一起能让人找到家的感觉，故选C项。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．N

ewYear'sCelebration:How?B．TrueFriendship:What?C．LivingAbroad:ComfortableorComplicated?D．Change：PlanitorMakeit?答案与解析：A考查标题归纳。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了作者

由于常年旅居在国外，对于庆祝新年和新年计划有着不同的思考：有朋友的地方就有家的感觉，变化着的生活不需要新年计划，故A项最适合作文章标题。B[2019·河南省高考适应性测试]EveryyearbetweenMayandSeptember,all54employeesofBasec

amp,aChicago-basedwebapplicationcompany,haveashortworkweek:justfourdays－atotalof32hours.Also,theyusuallyworkfiveday

saweekfortherestoftheyear.“That'splentyoftimetogetgreatworkdone.Thisisallweexpectandallwewantfrompeople，”saysJasonFried,aco-founder.“Working50-，60

-，or70-plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50-，60-，or70-plushoursaweek,there'samanagementproblem.”Thecompany'ssummerworkloadmust

fitreducedhours,Mr.Friedinsists,otherwisethebenefitsofashorterweek—torecoverfromwork,enjoytimewithfamilyandpursue(追

求)outsideinterests—wouldbeundone.Hisnewresearchfindsthatitisnotjustlonghoursthatareharmfultoemployees'physicalandmentalhealth.Iti

salsotheintensity(强度)ofwork.Moreover,itsuggeststhatintenseworkharmscareerprospects.Thatisbecauseunbearablehoursandintensityareintheoppositedirection,

reducingthequalityofthework.Theresearchconcludesthatthelevelofintensityweapplytotheworkwedoisgenerall

y“astrongerpredictorofunfavorableoutcomesthanovertimework”．Theresearchcomparedpeopleofsimilarjobsande

ducationlevels,andfoundtheyweremorelikelytosufferpoorerhappinessandworsecareerprospects,includingsatisfaction,securityandp

romotion,whentheyworkedatanintenselevelforlongperiods.体裁：说明文题材：社会文化主题：较短的工作周的好处【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Bas

ecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。5．WhatdoweknowaboutBasecamp'sfour-dayworkweek?A．Itlastsnearlyhalfayear.B．T

heworkpressureistoohigh.C．Therearesomemanagementproblems.D．Employeesworkmorethan8hoursaday.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的

54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：只有四天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间，故选A项。6．WhatdoesMr.FriedintendtosayinParagraph2?A．Givenplentyoftime,peoplecandomore.B．Togetwor

kdonewellneedsplentyoftime.C．Peoplecandoajobverywellinashortworkweek.D．Alongworkweekisappropriateforreducedworkloa

d.答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Working50-，60-，or70-plushoursisunnecessary.Infact,ifyouhavetowork50-，60-，or70-pl

ushoursaweek,there'samanagementproblem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作五、六十个小时，甚至七十几个小时是没有必要的。如果真这么做了，反而会出现管理上的问题，由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们

可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。7．Whatdoestheresearchmentionedinthetextwanttotellus?A．Gettingmuchmorerest.B．Improvingworkqualit

y.C．Refusingafive-dayworkweek.D．Avoidingworkingtoointensely.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据第四至六段，尤其是第四段可知，这个新研究发现长时间工作不只对员工

的身心健康有害，工作的强度也会影响员工的职业前景。这是因为难以忍受的工作时长和工作强度会降低工作质量，第五、六两段进一步说明了长时间高强度工作的坏处，由此可以推知，该研究是建议人们要避免高强度工作，故选D项。8．Whatcanbethebesttitle

forthispassage?A．MoreWork,MoreProfitsB．LessWork,LessBenefitsC．ShorterWeek,BetterRewardD．LongerHours,HigherIntensit

y答案与解析：C考查标题归纳。文章第一、二段以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp为例，说明了较短的工作周的好处。第三段介绍了较短的工作周的好处。第四至六段介绍了一项有关工作时长和工作强度对人的影响的研究，更进一步

印证了较短工作周对人身心方面的益处。由此可知C项最能概括全文内容。C[2019·福建省泉州市质量检查]Skyscrapersarethesymbolofurbanlife.Citypeopleareusedt

oseeingtallbuildingsandapartments.Farms,ontheotherhand,areassociatedwithrural(农村的)life.However,thereareexpe

rtswhothinkskyscrapersshouldbecomefarmstomeettheincreasingfoodneeds.Bythemiddleofthiscentury,somescientistssuggest,almost80%

oftheEarth'spopulationcouldliveincities.Inaddition,thepopulationcouldincreaseto9.1billionduringthattimeye

ttheamountoflandavailableforfarmingwillbethesame.Ifcurrentfarmingpracticesdon'tchange,wewillneedanareaofnewlandtoproduceenoughfoodfortheplanet.V

erticalfarms,whereurbanfarmerscouldgrowcropsinenvironmentallyfriendlyskyscrapers,couldbethesolution.Inspiteofconcernsoverhighcosts,expertswanttoma

keitarealityandusetheseskyscraperstogrowcrops.Verticalfarmswouldhavemanyadvantages,supporterssay.Unliketraditional

farming,verticalfarmingcouldbefreeofchemicalsanddiseases.Besides,cropswouldnotsufferfromproblemslikeflooding.

Finally,verticalfarmswouldreducethecostandnegativeeffectsoftransportingfoodoverlongdistances.Somearguethatalthoughcr

opsgrowinginatallglassbuildingwouldgetnaturalsunlightduringtheday,itwouldn'tbeenough.Forthisreason,verticalfarmswouldneedad

ditionallightsources(来源),suchasartificiallight.Anotherwayofgrowingfreshfoodistobuildurbanfarmsonrooftops.Thi

smorepracticalapproachmaybemoreachievablethantheideaoffarmsinskyscrapers,researcherssuggest.Expertsagreethatinnovative(

革新的)farmingpracticesareneededtosupporttheneedformorefoodataffordablecosts,bothtothefarmerandtotheconsu

mer,butthebestideashaveyettocome.体裁：议论文题材：科普知识主题：城市垂直农业【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，提出传统农业所提供的食物满足不了日益增长的人口的需求，垂直农业或许可以解决这一问

题。但对这一农业方式，不同的人有不同的看法。9．Whatprimaryproblemcouldverticalfarmingsettle?A．Poorstateofrurallife.B．Shortageoffoodsupply.C．Highcostoftransportin

gcrops.D．Environmentalpollutionbytraditionalfarming.答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ifcurrentfarmingpracticesdon'tchange,wewillneedanareaofnewlandtoproducee

noughfoodfortheplanet.”及第三段中的“Verticalfarms...couldbethesolution.”可知，如果现代的农耕方式不改变，我们将需要新的土地来为地球(上的人们)生产足够的食物，而垂直农业或许可以解决食物短缺问题，故选B项。10．Whatis

theadvantageofverticalfarming?A．Itcanproduceorganicfood.B．Itrequireslittlecare.C．Itcanbenefittransportindustry.D．Itneedsverylowc

ost.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Unliketraditionalfarming,verticalfarmingcouldbefreeofchemicalsanddiseases.”可知，垂直农业可以远离化学品和

疾病。由此可见，垂直农业的优点之一就是可以生产有机食物，故选A项。11．Whatisabigchallengeofmakingverticalfarmingareality?A．Farmableland.B．

Cropdiseases.C．Lightsources.D．Climateconditions.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第五段的内容，尤其是该段最后一句“Forthisreason,verticalfarmswouldneedadditionallightsour

ces,suchasartificiallight.”可知，垂直农业需要额外的光源。由此可知，光源问题是实现垂直农业的一大挑战，故选C项。12．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthete

xt?A．FutureFoodNeedsB．SymbolofUrbanLifeC．FarmingonRooftopsD．FarmsoftheFuture答案与解析：D考查标题归纳。通读全文并根据第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，作者通过说明传统农业所提

供的食物满足不了日益增长的人口的需求，解释需要创造现代垂直农业来解决这个问题。全文都是围绕着未来的垂直农业展开，故D项最适合作为文章标题。