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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的3．easygoingadj.随和的；温和宽容的4．invadern.侵略者5．republicn.共和国；共和政体
6．principlen.法则；原则；原理7．relativen.亲戚；亲属8．mankindn.人类9．lawyern.律师10．feen.费(会费、学费等)；酬金11．quoten.引用语；语录12．releasevt.释放
；发行13．blanketn.毛毯；毯子14．terrorn.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动15．principlen.法则；原则；原理16．leaguen.同盟；联盟；联合会Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．qualityn.质量；品质；性质2．begv
i.请求；乞求3．stagen.舞台；阶段；时期4．opinionn.意见；看法；主张5．rewardn.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏6．foundvt.建立；建设7．attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击8．escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开9．votevt.&v
i.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决10．youthn.青年；青年时期11．sentencevt.判决；宣判12.__presidentn.总统；会长；校长；行长Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．guidevt.指导→guidancen．指导；领导2
．violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→violencen．暴力；暴行3．crueladj.残忍的；残酷的→crueltyn．残忍；残酷4．equaladj.相等的；平等的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．平等5．ac
tiveadj.积极的；活跃的→activelyadv.积极地；活跃地→activityn．活动6．devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devotionn．奉献；献身；忠诚→devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的7．ed
ucatevt.教育；训练→educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的→educationn．教育→educatorn．教育者8．peacen．和平；平静；和睦→peacefuladj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefullyadv.和平地；平静
地9．selfn．自我；自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的；忘我的→selflesslyadv.无私地；忘我地10．legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→illegaladj.(反义词)非法的，违法的
11．fairadj.公正的；公平的→unfairadj.(反义词)不公正的；不公平的12．willingadj.乐意的；自愿的→unwillingadj.(反义词)不情愿的；不乐意的13．hopev．希望；期待n．希望；期望→hopelessadj.绝望的→hopefula
dj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopefullyadv.有希望地；有前途地1.表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描①generous慷慨的②mean吝啬的③devoted忠实的④easygoing随和的⑤warmhearted热心肠的⑥enthusiastic充满热情的2.“n.＋-ful→adj.
”荟萃①peace→peaceful和平的②pain→painful痛苦的③harm→harmful有害的④power→powerful强大的⑤meaning→meaningful有意义的⑥cheer→cheerful欢乐的3.百年大计，“教育”为本①ed
ucatevt.教育；训练②educationn.教育③instructvt.指导；教授④drillv.训练；练习⑤trainvt.训练；培养⑥bringup养育；教育(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．out__of__work失业2．as__
a__matter__of__fact事实上3．blow__up使充气；爆炸4．in__trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5．turn__to求助于；致力于6．lose__heart丧失勇气或信心7．come__to
__power当权；上台8．set__up设立；建立9．be__sentenced__to被判处……(徒刑)10．be__willing__to__do__sth.愿意做某事11．fight__for为……而战12．in__one’s__opinion/
view在某人看来1.“outof＋n.”短语集锦①outofwork失业②outofcontrol失控③outofmind心不在焉④outoforder有毛病；出故障⑤outofsight看不见2.“in＋n.”短语面面观①introuble在危险
、受罚等处境中②indanger处于危险中③inreturn作为回报④invain徒劳地⑤inorder井然有序⑥inplace在适当的位置(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：thisis/wasatimewhen...这是一个……的
时期However,this__was__a__time__whenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。句型2：拟人修辞法；where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词
The__last__thirty__years__have__seenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereacheda__stage_
_wherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。句型3：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装...only_
_then__did__we__decidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。句型4：thefirsttime意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句Ifeltbadth
e__first__time__I__talked__to__a__group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．GladtolearnthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisi
t,Iamwilling(乐意的)torecommendsomehistoricsitesthatmayinterestyou.2．(2019·江苏卷)AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolence(暴力)fa
rbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterquality(质量)．4．Thanksto
yourgenerous(慷慨的)help,IdobelievethatIwillhaveabetterunderstandingofyourcountryandculture.5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Wearec
onfidentthatwecanwinthiscompetition.Butwesincerelyhopeyouwillgiveusyourguidance(guide)andencouragement.6．Intermsofthismatter，I’dliketoliste
ntootherdifferentopinions(opinion)．Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmans
hip.原则2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.刻薄的3．(2019·江苏卷任务型阅读)Thebonestruc
tureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhadarelativelysmallhead.相对地4．(安徽卷阅读D)Behavinginthis
selflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedonEarthformorethan140millionyears,farlongerthandinosaurs.无私的Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．Theoldtea
cherdevotedallhislifetoeducatinghisdevotedstudentsandhewasadmiredforhisdevotiontotheeducationcause.(devote)2．Allmen
arebornequal,__soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.(equal)3．Onthewhole,peoplewhoar
ewelleducatedcanfindjobseasierthanthosewithoutagoodeducation．(educate)4．AsfarasI’mconcerned,itdoesseriousharmtochildre
n’scharacterthattoomuchviolenceisshownontelevision.What’sworse,violenceonTVmakespeoplebehaveviolently．(violent)5．Everyonelikestolivein
peace,__butitseemsthattheworldisalwaysnotpeaceful．(peace)Ⅳ.选词成篇loseheart;setup;besentencedto;cometopower;devoteone’slife
to;fightfor;blowup;introubleNelsonMandela1.devoted__his__life__torealizingthedreamthatpeoplewithdifferentcolorsshouldbe
equal.Heworkedasaneducatedlawyertoofferlegalguidancetothepoorblackpeople2.in__troubleoroutofwork.He3.set__u
palawofficetoofferguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hebelievedthatallpeoplearebornequalandsho
uldbetreatedequally,soeveryoneshouldn’t4.lose__heart.Oneday,oneofhissupportershelpedhim5.blow__upthe
governmentbuildingsto6.fight__fortheirrights.In1962,he7.was__sentenced__toprisonforlifeonRobbenIslandunt
il1990.Withhiscontinuouseffortshe8.came__to__power__aspresidentin1994.AlsohewasrewardedwiththeNobelPeacePrize.Ⅴ.完成句子1．我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己，我们必
须采取有效措施来保护环境。Wehave__reached__a__stage__wherewemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentsoastosave
ourselves.2．过去七十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。Thelastseventyyearshave__seen__great__changesinmanyfieldsinourcountry.3．这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。This__is
__a__time__whenweChinesehavebothagreatmanychallengesandopportunities.4．第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。The__first__time__w
e__lost__the__match,__weallfeltverydepressed,becausewehadallbeendevotedtomakingfullpreparationsforit.5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有你来中国的时候你才
能体验中国的饮食文化。OnlywhenyoucometoChinacan__you__experience__Chinese__food__culture．devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)Istillre
memberwhatyouhavedevotedtoimproving(improve)myoralEnglishandwritingskills.②Wehavelearnedagreatdealfromherd
evotion(devote)toherworkandherwillingnesstohelpothers.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级他致力于社区活动，被周围的人赞美。(devote)③(普通表达)Hed
evoted__himself__tocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.④(高级表达)Devoting__himself__tocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearoun
d.(现在分词作状语)⑤(高级表达)Devoted__tocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(过去分词作状语)(1)devote...to...把……奉献给……；专注于……devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于(2)devot
edadj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto专心于；致力于(3)devotionn.奉献；献身；忠诚[佳句背诵]Withthecollegeentranceexaminationapproaching,youmustdevoteyouratten
tiontoyourstudy.随着高考的临近，你必须将注意力投入到学习中。[名师点津]devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。to为介词的短语还有：adapt...to...；addict...to...；adjust...to...；app
ly...to...；attach...to...equalv．等于；抵得上adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的n．同等的人；相等的物[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Idon’tthinkheisequaltodoing(do)th
iskindofwork,soIcan’thirehim.②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequally(equal)important.③Infact,whenit
comestotheartofwar,antshave__no__equal(无人可比)．[能力提升]——一句多译(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管年轻，但我胜任这个志愿者工作。④YoungasIam,Iam__equal__to__the__volunteer__work．(equal
)⑤AlthoughIamyoung,Iam__fit__for__the__volunteer__work．(fit)⑥YoungasIam,Iam__qualified__for__the__volunteer__work．(qualified)(1)beequalto(do
ing)sth.等于/胜任(做)某事Aequal(s)Bin...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌havenoequal无人可比，无可匹敌(2)equalityn.平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地[佳句背诵]Youshouldbepositiveandc
heerful,foryourmentalhealthisequaltoyourphysicalhealth.你应该积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开n．逃跑；逃走[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义①Henarrowly
escapedbeing__killed(kill)inthetrafficaccidenttheotherday.②Comparedwiththeescaped(escape)driver,IamproudofwhatIdid.③Itwasowi
ngtomyignorancethathisnameescapedme.被遗忘[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级④(普通表达)Thewomanmanagedtoescape__from__the__fire(逃离火灾)withherbaby.Shewasextremelyterrified
andexhausted.⑤(高级表达)Thewomanmanagedtoescape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified_
_and__exhausted.(形容词作状语)(1)escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escapefrom...从……逃脱；逃避escapeone’sattention/notice逃过某人的注意(2)an
arrowescape九死一生(3)escapedadj.逃跑了的[佳句背诵]LastyearIhadanarrowescape，soIdon’twanttoriskmylifeasecondtime.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
[名师点津]“不一样的”忘记，遗忘：(1)sth.escapes(s)sb.某人遗忘某事(2)sb.forget(s)sth.某人忘记某事rewardn．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Everyonewhoreachedthetopo
fMountTaiwas__rewarded(reward)withabeautifulview.②(2018·北京卷)TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewarding(reward)exper
ience.[能力提升]——一句多译我乐意带你游玩北京以报答你的慷慨相助。(reward)③I’mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijingin__reward__for__your__generous__help．④I’mmorethan
willingtoshowyouaroundBeijingas__a__reward__for__your__generous__help．(1)asarewardfor作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏inrewardfor为酬谢……；作为……的奖励(
2)rewardsb.forsth.因某事而奖赏某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物回报某人berewardedwith得到……奖赏(3)rewardingadj.值得的；有益的；有意义的[佳句背诵]Thestudentshaveb
eenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwithsuccessintheend.这些学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会得
到回报。introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中；有麻烦[基础练习]——单句语法填空①ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.②(20
18·天津卷)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you’llhavenotroubleanswering(answer)thesequestions.③Thanksforthetroubleyouhavet
akento__help(help)us.[能力提升]——完成句子④众所周知，如果我们陷入困境，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。Asisknowntousall,if__we__are__in__trouble,__itisnotourph
onesbutourfriendsthatcanreallyhelpusout.askfortrouble自找麻烦；自讨苦吃getintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.在(做)某事方面有困难/麻烦tak
ethetroubletodosth.不辞辛苦做某事[佳句背诵]Heisalovingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedhernottoloseheartwhenshe
wasintrouble.他是一位慈爱的父亲，他严格要求女儿，鼓励她处境困难时不要灰心丧气。(2017·天津卷)turnto求助于；致力于；开始从事；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向[一词多义]——写出下列句中turnto的含义①(全国卷Ⅲ
)Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.求助于②Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojour
nalism.开始从事③Youshouldn’talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.查阅④Followthemainroaduntilitbranchesandthen
turntotheleft.转向[能力提升]——词汇升级⑤(普通表达)Whenyouareintrouble,youcanaskmeforhelp.(高级表达)Whenyouareintrouble,you
canturn__tomeforhelp.turndown关小；拒绝turnaway避开；解雇；不准……入内turnup出现；露面；调大turnout证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turnover打翻；翻身；移交[佳句背诵]①Muchtooursur
prise,thevideoturnedouttobewellreceived.使我们非常吃惊的是视频结果是受到好评。(2017·北京卷书面表达)②Withnoonetoturntoinsuchafrightening
situation,shefeltveryhelpless.在这种可怕的情况下没有人可以求助，她感到很无助。loseheart丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气[基础练习]——用heart的相关短语填空①OurPartywasfoundedin1921,sincewhenshehasbeense
rvingthepeopleheart__and__soul．②Aslittleboysandgirlshaveaverygoodmemory，theycanlearnalotofEnglishwordsby__heart
．③Asanoldsayinggoes，“Nothingistoohardifyouput__your__heart__intoit.”[能力提升]——完成句子④无论我们在日常生活中遇到多大的挑战，我们都不应该失去信心。Whatevergreatchallengeswemeetinour
dailylife，we__should__not__lose__heart．(1)putone’sheartinto一心扑在……上learnsth.byheart背诵；牢记……strike...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心(2)heartandsoul全心全意地[佳句背诵]Joh
nstudiesveryhardandneverlosesheartinfaceofdifficulties.约翰学习很努力，面对困难从来不灰心丧气。[名师点津]loseone’sheartto爱上拟人修辞法；where引导定语从句修饰表示抽象概
念的名词(教材P34)Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereacheda
stagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2018·北京卷书面表达)Theteahousewitnesse
d(witness)areallyenjoyabletime.②(2019·天津卷)Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.③It’shelp
fultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.[能力提升]——句式升级④(普通表达)Today，we’lldiscussanumberofcases
.BeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperlyinthecases.(高级表达)Today，we’lldiscussanumberofcaseswhere/in__which__beginners__of__Engli
sh__fail__to__use__the__language__properly.(定语从句)(1)see,witness常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)当先行词是stage
,point,case,situation,position,job,business,scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句，相当于inwhich。[佳句背诵]①Thelastth
irtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingourrights.过去的三十年目睹了许多法律保证我们的权利。②Nowtheirpeacetalkshavere
achedakeystagewhereonesidemustgiveintotheother.现在他们的和平会谈到了一个关键阶段，双方彼此必须相互妥协。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装(教材P34)．..onl
ythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。[基础练习]——完成句子①Onlythendid__I__realize(我才意识到)thatitwasfoolishofmetobreakawa
yfromallofmyfriendsandnevercontactthem.[能力提升]——句式升级②(普通表达)IrealizedknowledgeisvaluableonlywhenIhadanother
failureinmyjob-seeking.(高级表达)OnlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob-seekingdid__I__realize__knowledge__is__valuable．(倒装)only置于句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词
短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。[佳句背诵]OnlywhenIwonthefirstprizeinthespokenEnglishcontestdidIrealizeitwasimportanttohaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.只有当我在英语口语比赛中获
得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)[名师点津]only置于句首修饰主语时不用倒装。thefirsttime意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句(教材P38)IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作
讲解时，我的心情很不好。[基础练习]——完成句子①(浙江卷)Every__time__he__arrived__home(每次他回到家)attheendoftheday,we’dgreethimatthedoor.②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Th
e__first__time__I__went__there(我第一次去那里时),theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andotheranimals.③(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Irem
emberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethe__last__time__you__visited__our__school(你上次来我们学校的时候)．[能力提升]——一句多译我第一次在会议厅演讲时
非常紧张。④Iwasverynervousthe__first__timeIgaveaspeechinthemeetinghall.⑤IwasverynervouswhenIgaveaspeechfor__the__first__timeinthe
meetinghall.(1)each/everytime每次……的时候nexttime下次……时thelasttime上次……时(2)themoment/theminute/theinstant/immediately/instantly/directly一……就……[佳句
背诵]Istillrememberthatthefirsttimewemetatschool,youwerereadingintheclassroom.我仍旧记得我们在学校第一次见面时，你正在教室里读书。[名师点津](1)thefirsttime表示“
第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句；(2)forthefirsttime表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2019·北京卷)Formanystudent
s，Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated，it’salsoentirelynecessaryforthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeeducatio
n(educate)．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Ourschoolhas__witnessed(witness)greatchangesinthelastfewyears.3．(2020·青岛适应性测试)Maggiethoughtitwasunfair(fair)thatwomenw
erenotallowedtoreceiveeducation.4．Sofar,acommitteehas__been__set(set)uptoorganizesocialeventsinthecollege.5．Undertheguidance(guide)ofth
eteacher,studentscanengagethemselvesinextensivereadingandresearch.6．TsinghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,isoneofthebestuniversi
tiesinChina.Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．Inmyview,sheisinjuredsothatsheisnotequaltomaking(make)alongj
ourney.2．Parentsshouldpayattentiontothecaseswheretheirchildrenhavedifficultyadaptingtonewsurroundings.3．Heisamanwhoisactiveinsoc
ialactivities,andheiswillingto__do(do)publicserviceworknowandthen.4．Myfatherisatall,handsome,andsuccessfulmanw
hodevotes(devote)allhistimetohisworkandourfamily.5．Mandelawassentencedtofiveyears’hardlabourforencou
ragingviolenceagainstanti-blacklaws.Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1．HeoftenlentmeahandwhenIwasintrouble，towhichIwasgra
teful.to→for2．AsfarasIknow，hehasbeenoutoftheworkforseveralmonths.删除the3．IfellinlovewiththecityforthefirsttimeIvisitedit.删
除for4．Hopeful,I’llbeabletostayathomeforthreeweeksthistime.Hopeful→Hopefully5．Thispositionisequalsuitableforaschoolleaverorforsomebod
ywhohasworkexperience.equal→equallyⅣ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappinghe
rontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.n.休息；解脱2．Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosen
ameescapedhimforthemoment.vt.被遗忘3．Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.vt.等于；抵得
上提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)(一)ThefirsttimeIheardofStephenHawking,Iwasmovedbyhis1.devotion(devote)totheresearch.Asforhisdailylife,hewas2
.ingreattrouble.Forexample,onlywhenheturned3.tothecomputerwasitpossibleforhimtospeak,readandwrite.However,hedevoted4.himself(he)tothestudyof
scienceandhiscontributionstotheworldhadnoequal.(二)Wehavereachedastage1.wherewemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentfromgoingbad
toworse.Now,anyonewhodoesharmtoourenvironmentwon’tescape2.being__punished(punish)．Andthepastfewmonths3.have__witnessed(witness)chan
gesintheenvironment.Theairquality,4.asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedgradually.(三)WheneverIamintrouble,IturntomyEnglishteacher1.f
orhelp.Heisverygenerous2.withhistime,forwhichIamverygrateful.Inhisopinion,onlywhenonedoesn’tloseheartandbe3.hopeful(hope)aboutthefuturecanhe
achievegreatsuccess.Thankstohis4.selfless(self)helpandencouragement,thelasttwoyearshaveseenmyprogressbothacademicallyan
dmentally.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内
容包括：①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；③该人物对你的影响。1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)Thefi
rsttimeIreadaboutZhangHeng,who__was__a__great__astronomer__and__inventor__in__ancient__China,__Iwastouched.②他一生致力于科学研
究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。Duringhislifetime,he__devoted__himself__to__scientific__research__and__inventions,__includingthefamou
sseismograph.③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。As__a__matter__of__fact,__hegotlaughedatwhenfirstintroducinghisseismograph.④他从未失去信心并继续研究。He__never__lost__heart__but
__went__on__with__his__research.⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。Hewasconvincedthathe__was__equal__to__doing__anythingonlywhenhebeli
evedinhimself.⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。Nothingcouldreward__his__contributions__to__science．2．升级平淡句⑦用倒装句升级句⑤He__was__convinced__that__only_
_when__he__believed__in__himself__was__he__equal__to__doing__anything.3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however,abo
veall,inmyopinion)________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearJim，ThefirsttimeIreadaboutZhangHeng,whowasagreatastronomerand
inventorinancientChina,Iwastouched.Duringhislifetime,hedevotedhimselftoscientificresearchandinventions,includingthefamousseismograp
h.Asamatteroffact,hegotlaughedatwhenfirstintroducinghisseismograph.However,heneverlostheartbutwentonwithhisresearch.Aboveall,hewasconvin
cedthatonlywhenhebelievedinhimselfwasheequaltodoinganything.Inmyopinion,nothingcouldrewardhiscontributionstoscience.Y
ours，LiHua(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·湖北四地七校联考)BritishchemistDavidEvanshasbecomeanovernightcelebrityonChinesesocialmedia.Hischemistryexperiments
haveattractedover2millionfollowersinjustafewmonths.EvansisachemistryprofessoratBeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology.The60-year-oldalway
swearsawhitelabcoat,apairofsafetygoggles(护目镜),andsmilesoften.Somewebuserssayhelooksjustlike“theGrandp
aofKFC”．Evanshaspostedvideosofvariousexperiments.Hismostpopularexperimentshaveattractedmillionsofhitsonvideosharingapp
s.Excitedchildren’scheersandshoutscanbeheardinhisvideos.“Ihopemyexperimentscanarousepeople’sinterestinscience，”hesays.Evanshasbeeninterestedi
nChinasincechildhood.Intheearly1970s,beforethereformandopeningup,heviewedChinaas“acountryfullofmysteries”.Hefi
rstvisitedtheChinesemainlandin1987toattendachemistryconferenceinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.HequithisjobintheUnitedKingdomandmovedtoBeijingin1996.Manyo
fhisfriendsthoughthewascrazy.ButEvanssaidtheyjustsawChina’schallengesbutnotitspotential.Since2011,Evan
shasturnedtotheInternettopopularizescience.Helearnedshort-videoappsarealsopopularinsmallcitiesandruralareas.Andhere
alizedthisenableshimtoreachmorestudents,wholackopportunitiestoperformfunexperiments.Butevenaoneminutevideorequiresaconsiderableamounto
fwork.Still,hethinksit’sworthittofulfillhisresponsibilitytopopularizescience.Hisexperimentsalwaysfillschools’lecturehallswithlaughter.Som
eviewerscallhim“aHarryPotterlikemagician”，buthedisagrees.“Amagiciannevertellsthesecretsbehindhistricks,butascientistalwaysgivesanex
planation.”Heseeshimselfasateacher.Heperformsexperimentstospreadknowledge,inspirethinking,removemisunderstand
ingsandshowthatsciencecancreatechange.Evanssayshelooksforwardtomore“chemicalreactions”withChina.【解题导语】文章介绍了一位移居中国的英国化学
家戴维·埃文斯在中国通过短视频普及科学知识的事迹。1．WhoisDavidEvansaccordingtothepassage?A．AmanagerofKFC.B．Afilmcelebrity.C．Achemistryteacher.D．ABritishmagician.C解析：细节
理解题。根据第一段第三句“EvansisachemistryprofessoratBeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology.”可知，埃文斯是北京化工大学的一名化学教授，故选C项。2．Whatcanwe
learnfromparagraph3?A．EvansconsideredtheU．K.tobeacountryfullofmysteries.B．EvansfirstvisitedtheChinesemainlandinthe1970s.C．Evanswasinnomood
tomovetoBeijing.D．EvansattendedachemistryconferenceinChinain1987.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“HefirstvisitedtheCh
inesemainlandin1987toattendachemistryconferenceinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.”可知，埃文斯第一次访问中国大陆是在1987年，当时他去江苏省南京市参加了一个化学会议，故选D项。3．WhydidEvansbegintopo
stvideosofexperimentsontheInternet?A．Topopularizescience.B．Torisetofame.C．Toapplyshortvideoapps.D．Tomakeafortun
e.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Still,hethinksit’sworthittofulfillhisresponsibilitytopopularizescience.”可知，尽管制作一个一分钟的视频都需要相当大的
工作量，埃文斯仍然认为履行推广科学的责任是值得的，故选A项。4．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Evansknowsexactlyhowamagicworks.B．Evanswillcontinuetopostvideosofexperiment
sinChina.C．Evans’studentsliketointerrupthisexperimentswithlaughter.D．Evans’friendsadmiredhisdecisiontomovetoCh
ina.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Evanssayshelooksforwardtomore‘chemicalreactions’withChina.”可知，埃文斯期待与中国进行更多的“化学反应”，故可推断出埃文斯将继续在中国发布实验视频，故选B项。B(2020
·成都毕业班摸底)Pleasetakeafewsecondsandthinkofyourpersonalbiggestgoal.Imaginetellingsomeoneyoumeettodaywhatyou’regoingtodo.Imaginetheircongratul
ationsandtheirhighimageofyou.Doesn’titfeelgoodtosayitoutloud?Don’tyoufeelonestepcloseralready?Well,badn
ews:youshouldhavekeptyourmouthshut,becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit.Anytimeyouhaveagoal,ther
eissomeworkthatneedstobedonetoachieveit.Ideally,youwouldnotbesatisfieduntilyou’dactuallydonethework.Butwhenyoutellsomeoneyourg
oalandheacknowledges(承认)it,psychologistshavefoundit’scalleda“social__reality”.Themindiskindoftrickedintoafeelingthati
t’salreadydone.Andthen,becauseyou’vefeltthatsatisfaction,you’relessmotivatedtodotheactualandnecessaryhardwork.Thisgoesagainstthetraditionalwisdomth
atweshouldtellourfriendsourgoals,right?In1982,PeterGollwitzer,aprofessorofpsychology,wroteawholebookaboutthis.Andin2009,h
edidsomenewteststhatwerepublished.Itgoeslikethis：163peopleacrossfourseparatetests—everyonewrotedownt
heirpersonalgoal.Thenhalfofthemannouncedtheircommitment(承诺)tothisgoaltotheroom,andhalfdidn’t.Theneveryonewasgiven45minutesofworkthatwoulddirectlyle
adthemtowardstheirgoal,buttheyweretoldthattheycouldstopatanytime.Finallythosewhokepttheirmouthsshutworkedtheentire4
5minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidtheyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal.Butthosewhohadannounce
ditquitafteronly33minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidthattheyfeltmuchclosertoachievingtheirgoal.【解题导语】
实现一个目标需要做一些工作，试验表明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，则有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作。而在实现目标之前没有说出目标则会使你工作更努力。5．Whatdothewo
rds“socialreality”inparagraph2mean?A．Completionofthegoal.B．Necessaryhardwork.C．People’sacknowledgement.D．Asenseofsatisfactio
n.A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词组后一句“Themindiskindoftrickedintoafeelingthatit’salreadydone.”并结合画线词组所在句可推知，socialreality在此处意为“目标的完成”。6．WhatdoesPeterGollwitzert
rytotellus?A．Writingdownthegoalisveryhelpful.B．Achievingpersonalgoalneedsmoretime.C．Keepingthegoalsecretmakespeopleworkharder.D．Makingthegoalpublicma
kespeoplelesssatisfied.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Finallythosewhokepttheirmouthsshut...toachievingtheirgoal.”可知，PeterGollwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标的人工作时间更长，工
作更努力。7．HowdidPeterGollwitzerprovehisideaaboutpeople’sgoal?A．Bygivingfigures.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingasurv
ey.D．Bymakingcomparisontests.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，PeterGollwitzer把所测试的对象分成两部分，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停
止。试验表明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作了33分钟。由此可知，PeterGollwitzer是通过进行比较测试来证明他的观点的，故选D。8．Whatwillprobablyhappenifyoutellyourfriendsyourgoa
l?A．Youwillbemoreconfident.B．Youwillnotgainsatisfaction.C．Youarelesslikelytorealizeit.D．You’llbemuchmoremotivated.C解析：推理判断
题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit”可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你就不太可能会实现目标，故选C。【难句分析】Finallythosewhokeptt
heirmouthsshutworkedtheentire45minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidtheyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal
.分析：本句主句主语是those，谓语是worked,said。whokepttheirmouthsshut是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those;whenaskedafterwards是时间状语从句的省略形式；theyfelttheyhadal
ongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。译文：最终，那些保持沉默的人平均工作了整整45分钟，当后来被问到时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。Ⅱ.七选五(2020·陕西部
分学校摸底)Asweallknow,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Almostallthepeoplevaluehealthmost.1.________Therearethreethingsthata
personcandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseonaregularbasis.2．________Yourbodycannotworkwellunlessitreceivesth
eproperkindof“fuel”.Don’teattoomuchfoodwithlotsofsugarandfat.Instead,takeinplentyoffoodshighinprotein(蛋白
质),likemeat,fish,eggsandnuts.Vegetablesandfruitsareveryimportantbecausetheyprovidenecessaryvitaminsandminerals
.Gettingtheproperamountofsleepisalsoimportant.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandeasilygetangry.Youhavenoenergy.Overalongpe
riodoftimealittleamountofsleepmayevenresultinachangeofcharacter.Besuretoallowyourselfseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.3.________
Finally,getplentyofexercise.4.________Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.Ifyoufollowaregularexercisepro
gram,youwillprobablylivelonger.5.________Basketball,swimming,bicycling,runningaregoodexamples.Sportsarenotonlygoodforyourbody,buttheyareenjoyab
leandinteresting.Ifyoufollowthetipsabove,youwillprobablylivetobemucholderandwiser.A．Propernutritionisimportantforgoodhealt
h.B．Thebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy.C．Eatingabalanceddiethelpstomakeyourmindactive.D．Itisbeneficialtoyourhealthtotakeexerciseever
yday.E．Thenyourbodywillfeelstrongandyourmindwillbesharp.F．Mostsportsareverygoodforkeepingthebodyingoodshape.G．Itmakesthebodystrongan
dpreventsyoufromputtingonweight.【解题导语】本文开头指出“健康比财富更重要”，接着分别从饮食、睡眠、锻炼这三个方面给我们做出了保持健康的指导。1．B解析：本空承上启下，引出文章的主题，故B项符合语境。2．A解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位
置可知，此空为段落主题句。根据本段内容，尤其是“foodshighinprotein(蛋白质)”和“vitaminsandminerals”可知，本段主要讲适当的营养对保持健康的重要性。故答案选A。3．E解析：空前一句是
说确保七到九个小时的睡眠，故E项“然后你的身体将会强壮，你的思维将会敏锐”承接上文，符合语境。4．G解析：根据空后的“Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.”可知，空处应该也是叙述锻炼身体的具体好处，故
G项符合语境。5．F解析：根据该段主题句中的“getplentyofexercise”和空后一句列举的多种运动方式，以及下文中的“Sports”可知，F项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空IcanwellrememberthatIwasonc
easkedtodeliveraspeechtitled“ARealTestinMyLife”beforethewholeclassattheageof9!Youcanimaginehow1.____________(terrible)shyI
waswithsomanyeyesfixedonme.Ihadnochoicebut2.____________(prepare)forit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,3.____________wasjustapieceofcakef
orme,agoodwriter.Butthehardestpart4.____________(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory—forit5.____________(forbi
d)toreadfromthepaper.TherealmomentbeganwhenIstoodontheplatformwithmylegs6.____________(tremble)andmymindbl
ank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.GraduallyIfound7.__________back,deliveringmyspeechwithoutdifficulty.After8.______
____seemedtobeahundredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding—Imadeit!Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforetheaudiencedisappeared.Actuall
ywithmy9.____________(confident)builtup,Inowturnouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthe10.____________(great)difficultyonmywaytosuccessismyf
ear.OvercomeitandIwillbeabletoachievemygoals.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。1．terribly解析：考查副词。修饰形
容词一般用副词，故用副词terribly修饰形容词shy，在句中作状语。2．toprepare解析：考查非谓语动词。havenochoicebuttodosth.为固定用法，意为“除了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。3．which解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非
限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指代“todraftthespeech”，故填which。4．lay解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填lay。5．wa
sforbidden解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid和句子的形式主语it之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。6．trembling解析：考查with复合结构。“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”
为独立主格结构。此处mylegs和tremble构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。7．myself解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应为“foundmyselfback”，故填反身代词myself。8．what解析：考
查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what引导该宾语从句。9．confidence解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式
，故填confidence。10．greatest解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词difficulty可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填greatest。获得更多资源请扫码
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