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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．meanadj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的2．generousadj.慷慨的；大方的3．easygoingadj.随和的；温和宽容的4．invadern.侵略者5．re
publicn.共和国；共和政体6．principlen.法则；原则；原理7．relativen.亲戚；亲属8．mankindn.人类9．lawyern.律师10．feen.费(会费、学费等)；酬金11．quoten.引用语；语录12．releasevt.释放；发行13．blan
ketn.毛毯；毯子14．terrorn.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动15．principlen.法则；原则；原理16．leaguen.同盟；联盟；联合会Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．qualityn.质量；品质；性质2．begvi.请求；乞求3．stagen.
舞台；阶段；时期4．opinionn.意见；看法；主张5．rewardn.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏6．foundvt.建立；建设7．attackvt.进攻；攻击；抨击8．escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；
避开9．votevt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决10．youthn.青年；青年时期11．sentencevt.判决；宣判12.__presidentn.总统；会长；校长；行长Ⅲ.拓展词汇—
—通其变1．guidevt.指导→guidancen．指导；领导2．violentadj.暴力的；猛烈的→violencen．暴力；暴行3．crueladj.残忍的；残酷的→crueltyn．残忍；残酷4．equa
ladj.相等的；平等的→equallyadv.平等地→equalityn．平等5．activeadj.积极的；活跃的→activelyadv.积极地；活跃地→activityn．活动6．devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devotionn．奉献；献身；忠诚→d
evotedadj.忠实的；深爱的7．educatevt.教育；训练→educatedadj.受过教育的；有教养的→educationn．教育→educatorn．教育者8．peacen．和平；平静；和
睦→peacefuladj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefullyadv.和平地；平静地9．selfn．自我；自身→selfishadj.自私的→selflessadj.无私的；忘我的→selflesslyadv.无
私地；忘我地10．legaladj.法律的；依照法律的→illegaladj.(反义词)非法的，违法的11．fairadj.公正的；公平的→unfairadj.(反义词)不公正的；不公平的12．willingadj.乐意的；自愿的→unw
illingadj.(反义词)不情愿的；不乐意的13．hopev．希望；期待n．希望；期望→hopelessadj.绝望的→hopefuladj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hopefullyadv.有希望地；有前途地1.表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描①generous慷慨的②mean
吝啬的③devoted忠实的④easygoing随和的⑤warmhearted热心肠的⑥enthusiastic充满热情的2.“n.＋-ful→adj.”荟萃①peace→peaceful和平的②pain→painful痛苦的③harm→harmf
ul有害的④power→powerful强大的⑤meaning→meaningful有意义的⑥cheer→cheerful欢乐的3.百年大计，“教育”为本①educatevt.教育；训练②educationn.教育③instructvt.指导；教授④d
rillv.训练；练习⑤trainvt.训练；培养⑥bringup养育；教育(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．out__of__work失业2．as__a__matter__of__fact事实上3．blo
w__up使充气；爆炸4．in__trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中5．turn__to求助于；致力于6．lose__heart丧失勇气或信心7．come__to__power当权；上台8．set__up
设立；建立9．be__sentenced__to被判处……(徒刑)10．be__willing__to__do__sth.愿意做某事11．fight__for为……而战12．in__one’s__opinion/view在某人看来1.“outof＋n.”短语集锦①outofwork失
业②outofcontrol失控③outofmind心不在焉④outoforder有毛病；出故障⑤outofsight看不见2.“in＋n.”短语面面观①introuble在危险、受罚等处境中②indanger处于危险中③inreturn作
为回报④invain徒劳地⑤inorder井然有序⑥inplace在适当的位置(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：thisis/wasatimewhen...这是一个……的时期However,this__was__a__time__whenonehadgottoha
veapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。句型2：拟人修辞法；where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词The__last__thirty__years__have__seenthegr
eatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereacheda__stage__wherewehavealmostnorightsatal
l.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。句型3：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装...only__then__did__we_
_decidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。句型4：thefirsttime意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句Ifeltbadthe__first__time__
I__talked__to__a__group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．GladtolearnthatyouarecomingtoChinaforavisit
,Iamwilling(乐意的)torecommendsomehistoricsitesthatmayinterestyou.2．(2019·江苏卷)AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviol
ence(暴力)farbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewaterqu
ality(质量)．4．Thankstoyourgenerous(慷慨的)help,IdobelievethatIwillhaveabetterunderstandingofyourcountryandculture.5．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面
表达)Weareconfidentthatwecanwinthiscompetition.Butwesincerelyhopeyouwillgiveusyourguidance(guide)andencouragement.6．Intermso
fthismatter，I’dliketolistentootherdifferentopinions(opinion)．Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicpr
incipleofsportsmanship.原则2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.刻薄的3．(
2019·江苏卷任务型阅读)Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandha
darelativelysmallhead.相对地4．(安徽卷阅读D)Behavinginthisselflessanddevotedmanner,theselittlecreatureshavesurviv
edonEarthformorethan140millionyears,farlongerthandinosaurs.无私的Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．Theoldteacherdevotedallhislifetoeducatinghis
devotedstudentsandhewasadmiredforhisdevotiontotheeducationcause.(devote)2．Allmenarebornequal,__soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequa
lityisthebasicdemand.(equal)3．Onthewhole,peoplewhoarewelleducatedcanfindjobseasierthanthosewithoutagoodeducation．(educate)4．A
sfarasI’mconcerned,itdoesseriousharmtochildren’scharacterthattoomuchviolenceisshownontelevision.What’sworse,viole
nceonTVmakespeoplebehaveviolently．(violent)5．Everyonelikestoliveinpeace,__butitseemsthattheworldisalwaysnotpeaceful．(peace)Ⅳ
.选词成篇loseheart;setup;besentencedto;cometopower;devoteone’slifeto;fightfor;blowup;introubleNelsonMandela1.devoted__his__life__torealizingt
hedreamthatpeoplewithdifferentcolorsshouldbeequal.Heworkedasaneducatedlawyertoofferlegalguidancetothepoo
rblackpeople2.in__troubleoroutofwork.He3.set__upalawofficetoofferguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hebelievedt
hatallpeoplearebornequalandshouldbetreatedequally,soeveryoneshouldn’t4.lose__heart.Oneday,oneofhissupportershelpedhim5.blow__upthegovern
mentbuildingsto6.fight__fortheirrights.In1962,he7.was__sentenced__toprisonforlifeonRobbenIslanduntil1990.Withhisconti
nuouseffortshe8.came__to__power__aspresidentin1994.AlsohewasrewardedwiththeNobelPeacePrize.Ⅴ.完成句子1．我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救
我们自己，我们必须采取有效措施来保护环境。Wehave__reached__a__stage__wherewemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentsoastosa
veourselves.2．过去七十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。Thelastseventyyearshave__seen__great__changesinmanyfieldsinourcountry.3．
这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。This__is__a__time__whenweChinesehavebothagreatmanychallengesandopportunities.4．第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充
分准备。The__first__time__we__lost__the__match,__weallfeltverydepressed,becausewehadallbeendevotedtomakingfullpre
parationsforit.5．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)只有你来中国的时候你才能体验中国的饮食文化。OnlywhenyoucometoChinacan__you__experience__Chinese__
food__culture．devotevt.(与to连用)献身；专心于[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)Istillrememberwhatyouhavedevotedtoimproving(improve)my
oralEnglishandwritingskills.②Wehavelearnedagreatdealfromherdevotion(devote)toherworkandherwillingnesstohelpothers.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级他致力于社区活动，被周围的人
赞美。(devote)③(普通表达)Hedevoted__himself__tocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.④(高级表达)Devoting__himself__to
communityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(现在分词作状语)⑤(高级表达)Devoted__tocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(过去分词作状语)(1)devote..
.to...把……奉献给……；专注于……devoteoneselfto致力于；献身于(2)devotedadj.忠实的；深爱的bedevotedto专心于；致力于(3)devotionn.奉献；献身；忠诚[佳句背诵]Withthecollegeentra
nceexaminationapproaching,youmustdevoteyourattentiontoyourstudy.随着高考的临近，你必须将注意力投入到学习中。[名师点津]devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。to为
介词的短语还有：adapt...to...；addict...to...；adjust...to...；apply...to...；attach...to...equalv．等于；抵得上adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的n．同等的人；相等的
物[基础练习]——单句语法填空/完成句子①Idon’tthinkheisequaltodoing(do)thiskindofwork,soIcan’thirehim.②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Yourpersonalcircums
tancesareequally(equal)important.③Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshave__no__equal(无人可比)．[能力提升]——一句多译(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)尽管年轻，但我胜任这个志愿者
工作。④YoungasIam,Iam__equal__to__the__volunteer__work．(equal)⑤AlthoughIamyoung,Iam__fit__for__the__volunteer__work．(fit)⑥Y
oungasIam,Iam__qualified__for__the__volunteer__work．(qualified)(1)beequalto(doing)sth.等于/胜任(做)某事Aequal(s)Bin...A在……方面比得
上B/与B相匹敌havenoequal无人可比，无可匹敌(2)equalityn.平等equallyadv.相等地；同等地[佳句背诵]Youshouldbepositiveandcheerful,foryourmentalhealthisequaltoyourphysicalhealth.你应该
积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。escapevi.&vt.逃脱；逃走；避开n．逃跑；逃走[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义①Henarrowlyescapedbeing__ki
lled(kill)inthetrafficaccidenttheotherday.②Comparedwiththeescaped(escape)driver,IamproudofwhatIdid.③Itwasowingtomyignorancethathisnameescapedme.被遗
忘[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级④(普通表达)Thewomanmanagedtoescape__from__the__fire(逃离火灾)withherbaby.Shewasextremelyterrifiedandexha
usted.⑤(高级表达)Thewomanmanagedtoescape__from__the__fire__with__her__baby,__extremely__terrified__and__exhausted.(形容词作状语
)(1)escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事escapefrom...从……逃脱；逃避escapeone’sattention/notice逃过某人的注意(2)anarrowescape九死一生(3)escapedadj.逃跑了的[佳句背诵]LastyearI
hadanarrowescape，soIdon’twanttoriskmylifeasecondtime.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。[名师点津]“不一样的”忘记，遗忘：(1)sth.escapes(s)sb.某人遗忘某事(2)sb.
forget(s)sth.某人忘记某事rewardn．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏[基础练习]——单句语法填空①EveryonewhoreachedthetopofMountTaiwas__rewarded(reward)withabeau
tifulview.②(2018·北京卷)TravelingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewarding(reward)experience.[能力提升]——一句多译我乐意带你游玩北京以报答你的慷慨相助。(
reward)③I’mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijingin__reward__for__your__generous__help．④I’mmorethanwillingtoshowyouaroundBeijingas__a__reward__for_
_your__generous__help．(1)asarewardfor作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏inrewardfor为酬谢……；作为……的奖励(2)rewardsb.forsth.因某事而奖赏某人rewardsb.withsth.用某物回报某人ber
ewardedwith得到……奖赏(3)rewardingadj.值得的；有益的；有意义的[佳句背诵]Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwit
hsuccessintheend.这些学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会得到回报。introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中；有麻烦[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Itwaswhenwewereret
urninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelpedsomeoneintrouble.②(2018·天津卷)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcoul
dbe,you’llhavenotroubleanswering(answer)thesequestions.③Thanksforthetroubleyouhavetakento__help(help)us.[能力提升]——完成句子④众所周知，如果我们陷入困境，是朋友而不是手机可以
真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。Asisknowntousall,if__we__are__in__trouble,__itisnotourphonesbutourfriendsthatcanreallyhelpusout.askfortrouble
自找麻烦；自讨苦吃getintotrouble陷入困境；惹麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth./withsth.在(做)某事方面有困难/麻烦takethetroubletodosth.不辞辛苦做某事[佳句背诵]Heisalov
ingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedhernottoloseheartwhenshewasintrouble.他是一位慈爱的父亲，他严格要求女儿，鼓励她处境困难时不要灰心丧气。(2017·天津卷)turnt
o求助于；致力于；开始从事；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向[一词多义]——写出下列句中turnto的含义①(全国卷Ⅲ)Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentst
oturntowheneverIneedhelp.求助于②Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojournalism.开始从事③Yo
ushouldn’talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoumeetnewwordsinreading.查阅④Followthemainroaduntilitbranchesandthenturn
totheleft.转向[能力提升]——词汇升级⑤(普通表达)Whenyouareintrouble,youcanaskmeforhelp.(高级表达)Whenyouareintrouble,youcanturn__tomeforhelp.turndown关小；拒
绝turnaway避开；解雇；不准……入内turnup出现；露面；调大turnout证明是；结果是；赶走；生产turnover打翻；翻身；移交[佳句背诵]①Muchtooursurprise,thevideotu
rnedouttobewellreceived.使我们非常吃惊的是视频结果是受到好评。(2017·北京卷书面表达)②Withnoonetoturntoinsuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.在这种可怕的情况下没有人可以求助，她
感到很无助。loseheart丧失勇气或信心；灰心；泄气[基础练习]——用heart的相关短语填空①OurPartywasfoundedin1921,sincewhenshehasbeenservingthepeopleheart__and__soul．②Aslittleboy
sandgirlshaveaverygoodmemory，theycanlearnalotofEnglishwordsby__heart．③Asanoldsayinggoes，“Nothingistoohardifyouput__your__heart__
intoit.”[能力提升]——完成句子④无论我们在日常生活中遇到多大的挑战，我们都不应该失去信心。Whatevergreatchallengeswemeetinourdailylife，we__should__not__lose__heart．(1)putone’sheartin
to一心扑在……上learnsth.byheart背诵；牢记……strike...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心(2)heartandsoul全心全意地[佳句背诵]Johnstudiesveryhardandneverlosesheartin
faceofdifficulties.约翰学习很努力，面对困难从来不灰心丧气。[名师点津]loseone’sheartto爱上拟人修辞法；where引导定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词(教材P34)Thelastthirtyyearshaveseen
thegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻
挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2018·北京卷书面表达)Theteahousewitnessed(witness)areallyenjoyabletime.②(2019·天津卷)Theirchildisatthes
tagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.③It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.
[能力提升]——句式升级④(普通表达)Today，we’lldiscussanumberofcases.BeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperlyinthecases.(高级表达)Today，we’l
ldiscussanumberofcaseswhere/in__which__beginners__of__English__fail__to__use__the__language__properly.(定语从句)(1)see,witness常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作
主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。(2)当先行词是stage,point,case,situation,position,job,business,scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系副词w
here来引导定语从句，相当于inwhich。[佳句背诵]①Thelastthirtyyearshavewitnessedalargenumberoflawsguaranteeingourrights.过去的三十年目睹了
许多法律保证我们的权利。②Nowtheirpeacetalkshavereachedakeystagewhereonesidemustgiveintotheother.现在他们的和平会谈到了一个关键阶段，双方彼此必须相互妥协。only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装(教材P34)．..only
thendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。[基础练习]——完成句子①Onlythendid__I__realize(我才意识到)thatitwasfo
olishofmetobreakawayfromallofmyfriendsandnevercontactthem.[能力提升]——句式升级②(普通表达)IrealizedknowledgeisvaluableonlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmy
job-seeking.(高级表达)OnlywhenIhadanotherfailureinmyjob-seekingdid__I__realize__knowledge__is__valuable．(倒装)only置于句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介
词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。[佳句背诵]OnlywhenIwonthefirstprizeinthespokenEnglishcontestdidIrealizeitwasimportanttohaveagoodc
ommandofspokenEnglish.只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)[名师点津]only置于句首修饰主语时不用倒装。thefirsttime意为“
第一次……”，引导时间状语从句(教材P38)IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。[基础练习]——完成句子①(浙江卷)Every__time__he__arrived__home(每次他回到家)attheendof
theday,we’dgreethimatthedoor.②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The__first__time__I__went__there(我第一次去那里时),theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andotheranimals.
③(全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemethe__last__time__you__visited__our__school(你上次来我们学校的时候)．[能力提升]——一句多译我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。④Iwasverynerv
ousthe__first__timeIgaveaspeechinthemeetinghall.⑤IwasverynervouswhenIgaveaspeechfor__the__first__timeinthemeetinghall.(
1)each/everytime每次……的时候nexttime下次……时thelasttime上次……时(2)themoment/theminute/theinstant/immediately/instantly/direct
ly一……就……[佳句背诵]Istillrememberthatthefirsttimewemetatschool,youwerereadingintheclassroom.我仍旧记得我们在学校第一次见面时，你正在教室里读书。[名师点津](1)
thefirsttime表示“第一次”，在句中可作宾语、表语，还可以用作连词，引导时间状语从句；(2)forthefirsttime表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2019·北京卷)Formanystu
dents，Wilson’shelpisnotonlyappreciated，it’salsoentirelynecessaryforthemtobeabletocompletetheircollegeedu
cation(educate)．2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Ourschoolhas__witnessed(witness)greatchangesinthelastfewyears.3．(2020·青岛适应性测试)Maggiethoughtitw
asunfair(fair)thatwomenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducation.4．Sofar,acommitteehas__been__set(set)uptoorganize
socialeventsinthecollege.5．Undertheguidance(guide)oftheteacher,studentscanengagethemselvesinextensivereadingandresearch.6．Ts
inghuaUniversity,founded(found)in1911,isoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．Inmyview,s
heisinjuredsothatsheisnotequaltomaking(make)alongjourney.2．Parentsshouldpayattentiontothecaseswheretheirchildrenhavedi
fficultyadaptingtonewsurroundings.3．Heisamanwhoisactiveinsocialactivities,andheiswillingto__do(do)publicservicewo
rknowandthen.4．Myfatherisatall,handsome,andsuccessfulmanwhodevotes(devote)allhistimetohisworkandourfamily.5．Mandelawassentencedtofiveyears’hardlabou
rforencouragingviolenceagainstanti-blacklaws.Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1．HeoftenlentmeahandwhenIwasintrouble，towhichIwasgratefu
l.to→for2．AsfarasIknow，hehasbeenoutoftheworkforseveralmonths.删除the3．IfellinlovewiththecityforthefirsttimeIvisitedit.删除
for4．Hopeful,I’llbeabletostayathomeforthreeweeksthistime.Hopeful→Hopefully5．Thispositionisequalsuitableforaschoolle
averorforsomebodywhohasworkexperience.equal→equallyⅣ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappinghero
ntheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.n.休息；解脱2．Boblookedbackonlytofindanoldclassmatewhosenameescapedhimforthemo
ment.vt.被遗忘3．Littlejoycanequalthatofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.vt.等于；抵得上提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
)(一)ThefirsttimeIheardofStephenHawking,Iwasmovedbyhis1.devotion(devote)totheresearch.Asforhisdailylife,hewas2.ingreattrouble.Forexample,onlywh
enheturned3.tothecomputerwasitpossibleforhimtospeak,readandwrite.However,hedevoted4.himself(he)tothestudyofscien
ceandhiscontributionstotheworldhadnoequal.(二)Wehavereachedastage1.wherewemusttakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvir
onmentfromgoingbadtoworse.Now,anyonewhodoesharmtoourenvironmentwon’tescape2.being__punished(punish)．Andthepastfewmonth
s3.have__witnessed(witness)changesintheenvironment.Theairquality,4.asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedgradual
ly.(三)WheneverIamintrouble,IturntomyEnglishteacher1.forhelp.Heisverygenerous2.withhistime,forwhichIa
mverygrateful.Inhisopinion,onlywhenonedoesn’tloseheartandbe3.hopeful(hope)aboutthefuturecanheachieveg
reatsuccess.Thankstohis4.selfless(self)helpandencouragement,thelasttwoyearshaveseenmyprogressbothacad
emicallyandmentally.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣，并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：①该人物是谁；②该人物的主要贡献；
③该人物对你的影响。1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)ThefirsttimeIreadaboutZhangHeng,who__was__a__great__ast
ronomer__and__inventor__in__ancient__China,__Iwastouched.②他一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。Duringhislifetime,he__devoted__
himself__to__scientific__research__and__inventions,__includingthefamousseismograph.③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。As__a__matter__of__fact,__hegotlaughe
datwhenfirstintroducinghisseismograph.④他从未失去信心并继续研究。He__never__lost__heart__but__went__on__with__his__research.⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜
任做任何事情。Hewasconvincedthathe__was__equal__to__doing__anythingonlywhenhebelievedinhimself.⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。Nothingc
ouldreward__his__contributions__to__science．2．升级平淡句⑦用倒装句升级句⑤He__was__convinced__that__only__when__he__believed__in__himself__was__h
e__equal__to__doing__anything.3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however,aboveall,inmyopinion)___________________________________________________
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______________Onepossibleversion：DearJim，ThefirsttimeIreadaboutZhangHeng,whowasagreatastronomerandinventorinancientChina,Iwa
stouched.Duringhislifetime,hedevotedhimselftoscientificresearchandinventions,includingthefamousseismograph.Asamatteroffact,hegotlaughed
atwhenfirstintroducinghisseismograph.However,heneverlostheartbutwentonwithhisresearch.Aboveall,hewasconvincedthatonlywhenheb
elievedinhimselfwasheequaltodoinganything.Inmyopinion,nothingcouldrewardhiscontributionstoscience.Yours，LiHua(建议用时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·湖北
四地七校联考)BritishchemistDavidEvanshasbecomeanovernightcelebrityonChinesesocialmedia.Hischemistryexperimentshaveattractedover2mi
llionfollowersinjustafewmonths.EvansisachemistryprofessoratBeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology.The60-year-oldalwayswearsawhit
elabcoat,apairofsafetygoggles(护目镜),andsmilesoften.Somewebuserssayhelooksjustlike“theGrandpaofKFC”．Evanshaspostedvideosofvariousexperiments.Hismos
tpopularexperimentshaveattractedmillionsofhitsonvideosharingapps.Excitedchildren’scheersandshoutscanbeheardinhisvideos.“Ihopemye
xperimentscanarousepeople’sinterestinscience，”hesays.EvanshasbeeninterestedinChinasincechildhood.Intheearly1
970s,beforethereformandopeningup,heviewedChinaas“acountryfullofmysteries”.HefirstvisitedtheChinesemainlandin1987toattendachemistryconferenceinNanji
ng,JiangsuProvince.HequithisjobintheUnitedKingdomandmovedtoBeijingin1996.Manyofhisfriendsthoughthewascrazy.ButEvanssaidtheyjustsawChina’s
challengesbutnotitspotential.Since2011,EvanshasturnedtotheInternettopopularizescience.Helearnedshort-videoappsarealsopopularinsmallcit
iesandruralareas.Andherealizedthisenableshimtoreachmorestudents,wholackopportunitiestoperformfunexperiments.Butevenaoneminutev
ideorequiresaconsiderableamountofwork.Still,hethinksit’sworthittofulfillhisresponsibilitytopopularizescience.Hisexperimentsalwaysfillschools’
lecturehallswithlaughter.Someviewerscallhim“aHarryPotterlikemagician”，buthedisagrees.“Amagiciannevertellsthesecre
tsbehindhistricks,butascientistalwaysgivesanexplanation.”Heseeshimselfasateacher.Heperformsexperimentstospreadknowledge,inspirethinking,removem
isunderstandingsandshowthatsciencecancreatechange.Evanssayshelooksforwardtomore“chemicalreactions”withChina.【解题导语】文章介绍了一位移居中国的英国化学
家戴维·埃文斯在中国通过短视频普及科学知识的事迹。1．WhoisDavidEvansaccordingtothepassage?A．AmanagerofKFC.B．Afilmcelebrity.C．Achemistryteacher.D．ABritis
hmagician.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“EvansisachemistryprofessoratBeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology.”可知，埃文斯是北京化工大学的一名化学教授，故选C项。2．Whatcanwelea
rnfromparagraph3?A．EvansconsideredtheU．K.tobeacountryfullofmysteries.B．EvansfirstvisitedtheChinesemainlandinthe
1970s.C．EvanswasinnomoodtomovetoBeijing.D．EvansattendedachemistryconferenceinChinain1987.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Hefirst
visitedtheChinesemainlandin1987toattendachemistryconferenceinNanjing,JiangsuProvince.”可知，埃文斯第一次访问中国大陆是在1987年，当时他去江苏省南京市参加
了一个化学会议，故选D项。3．WhydidEvansbegintopostvideosofexperimentsontheInternet?A．Topopularizescience.B．Torisetofame.C．
Toapplyshortvideoapps.D．Tomakeafortune.A解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Still,hethinksit’sworthittofulfillhisrespo
nsibilitytopopularizescience.”可知，尽管制作一个一分钟的视频都需要相当大的工作量，埃文斯仍然认为履行推广科学的责任是值得的，故选A项。4．Whatcanweinferfromthep
assage?A．Evansknowsexactlyhowamagicworks.B．EvanswillcontinuetopostvideosofexperimentsinChina.C．Evans’studentsliketointerrupth
isexperimentswithlaughter.D．Evans’friendsadmiredhisdecisiontomovetoChina.B解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句“Evanssayshelooksforward
tomore‘chemicalreactions’withChina.”可知，埃文斯期待与中国进行更多的“化学反应”，故可推断出埃文斯将继续在中国发布实验视频，故选B项。B(2020·成都毕业班摸底)Pleasetakeafewseco
ndsandthinkofyourpersonalbiggestgoal.Imaginetellingsomeoneyoumeettodaywhatyou’regoingtodo.Imaginetheircongratulationsa
ndtheirhighimageofyou.Doesn’titfeelgoodtosayitoutloud?Don’tyoufeelonestepcloseralready?Well,badnews:youshouldhavekeptyourmouths
hut,becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit.Anytimeyouhaveagoal,thereissomeworkthatneedstobedonetoachi
eveit.Ideally,youwouldnotbesatisfieduntilyou’dactuallydonethework.Butwhenyoutellsomeoneyourgoalandheacknowledges(承认)it,psycho
logistshavefoundit’scalleda“social__reality”.Themindiskindoftrickedintoafeelingthatit’salreadydone.Andthen,becauseyou’vefe
ltthatsatisfaction,you’relessmotivatedtodotheactualandnecessaryhardwork.Thisgoesagainstthetraditionalwisdomthatweshouldtellourfriendsourgoals,right
?In1982,PeterGollwitzer,aprofessorofpsychology,wroteawholebookaboutthis.Andin2009,hedidsomenewteststhatwerepublished.Itgoes
likethis：163peopleacrossfourseparatetests—everyonewrotedowntheirpersonalgoal.Thenhalfofthemannouncedtheircommitment(承诺)tothisgoaltotheroom,
andhalfdidn’t.Theneveryonewasgiven45minutesofworkthatwoulddirectlyleadthemtowardstheirgoal,buttheyweretoldthattheyc
ouldstopatanytime.Finallythosewhokepttheirmouthsshutworkedtheentire45minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidtheyfelttheyhadalon
gwaytogotoachievetheirgoal.Butthosewhohadannounceditquitafteronly33minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidthattheyfeltmuc
hclosertoachievingtheirgoal.【解题导语】实现一个目标需要做一些工作，试验表明，在实现目标之前就告诉别人你的目标并得到别人的认可，则有可能使你感到满意，陷入目标已完成的错觉，从而动力减少，不能很好地去工作。而在实现目标之前没有说出目标则会使你工作更努力。5．Wh
atdothewords“socialreality”inparagraph2mean?A．Completionofthegoal.B．Necessaryhardwork.C．People’sacknowledg
ement.D．Asenseofsatisfaction.A解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词组后一句“Themindiskindoftrickedintoafeelingthatit’salreadydone.”并结合画线词组所在句可推知，socialreality在此处意为“目标的完成”。6
．WhatdoesPeterGollwitzertrytotellus?A．Writingdownthegoalisveryhelpful.B．Achievingpersonalgoalneedsmoretime.
C．Keepingthegoalsecretmakespeopleworkharder.D．Makingthegoalpublicmakespeoplelesssatisfied.C解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句“Finallythosewhokepttheirmouth
sshut...toachievingtheirgoal.”可知，PeterGollwitzer想告诉我们：没有说出目标的人工作时间更长，工作更努力。7．HowdidPeterGollwitzerprovehisideaaboutpeople’sgoal?A．Bygivi
ngfigures.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingasurvey.D．Bymakingcomparisontests.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，PeterGollwitzer把所测试的对象分成两部分，一半说出自己的目标，一半没有说出目标，每
个人都给了45分钟，他们可以随时停止。试验表明，没有说出目标的人平均工作了45分钟，而说出目标的人平均工作了33分钟。由此可知，PeterGollwitzer是通过进行比较测试来证明他的观点的，故选D。
8．Whatwillprobablyhappenifyoutellyourfriendsyourgoal?A．Youwillbemoreconfident.B．Youwillnotgainsatisfacti
on.C．Youarelesslikelytorealizeit.D．You’llbemuchmoremotivated.C解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是最后一句中的“becausethatgoodfeelingwillmakeyoulesslikelytodoit
”可推知，如果你把目标告诉你的朋友，你就不太可能会实现目标，故选C。【难句分析】Finallythosewhokepttheirmouthsshutworkedtheentire45minutesonaverage,andwhenaskedafterwards,saidth
eyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal.分析：本句主句主语是those，谓语是worked,said。whokepttheirmouthsshut是who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those;
whenaskedafterwards是时间状语从句的省略形式；theyfelttheyhadalongwaytogotoachievetheirgoal是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语。译文：最终，那些保持沉默的
人平均工作了整整45分钟，当后来被问到时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。Ⅱ.七选五(2020·陕西部分学校摸底)Asweallknow,healthismoreimportantthanwealth.Almostallthepeoplevaluehealthmost.1.______
__Therearethreethingsthatapersoncandotohelpstayingoodshape:eatrightfood,getenoughsleep,andexerciseonaregularbasis.2．________Yourbodyc
annotworkwellunlessitreceivestheproperkindof“fuel”.Don’teattoomuchfoodwithlotsofsugarandfat.Instead,takeinplentyoffoodshighinprotein(
蛋白质),likemeat,fish,eggsandnuts.Vegetablesandfruitsareveryimportantbecausetheyprovidenecessaryvitaminsandminerals.Gettingtheprop
eramountofsleepisalsoimportant.Ifyoudon’tgetenoughsleep,youfeeltiredandeasilygetangry.Youhavenoenergy.Overalo
ngperiodoftimealittleamountofsleepmayevenresultinachangeofcharacter.Besuretoallowyourselfseventoninehoursofsleepeachnight.3.________Finally,getp
lentyofexercise.4.________Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.Ifyoufollowaregularexerciseprogram,youwillprobablylivelonger.5._____
___Basketball,swimming,bicycling,runningaregoodexamples.Sportsarenotonlygoodforyourbody,buttheyareenjoyableandinteresti
ng.Ifyoufollowthetipsabove,youwillprobablylivetobemucholderandwiser.A．Propernutritionisimportantforgoodhealth.B．Thebodyneedspropercarei
nordertobehealthy.C．Eatingabalanceddiethelpstomakeyourmindactive.D．Itisbeneficialtoyourhealthtotakeexerciseeveryday.E．Thenyou
rbodywillfeelstrongandyourmindwillbesharp.F．Mostsportsareverygoodforkeepingthebodyingoodshape.G．Itmakesthebodystrongandpreventsyoufromputtingon
weight.【解题导语】本文开头指出“健康比财富更重要”，接着分别从饮食、睡眠、锻炼这三个方面给我们做出了保持健康的指导。1．B解析：本空承上启下，引出文章的主题，故B项符合语境。2．A解析：根据文章结构和空处所在位置可知，此空为段落主题句。
根据本段内容，尤其是“foodshighinprotein(蛋白质)”和“vitaminsandminerals”可知，本段主要讲适当的营养对保持健康的重要性。故答案选A。3．E解析：空前一句是说确保七到九个小时的睡眠，故E项“然后你的身体将会强壮，你的思维将会敏锐”承接上文，符合
语境。4．G解析：根据空后的“Italsoimprovesyourheartandlungs.”可知，空处应该也是叙述锻炼身体的具体好处，故G项符合语境。5．F解析：根据该段主题句中的“getplentyofexercise”和空后一句列举的多种运动方式，以及下文中的“Sports
”可知，F项符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空IcanwellrememberthatIwasonceaskedtodeliveraspeechtitled“ARealTestinMyLife”beforethewholeclas
sattheageof9!Youcanimaginehow1.____________(terrible)shyIwaswithsomanyeyesfixedonme.Ihadnochoicebut2.____________(pre
pare)forit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,3.____________wasjustapieceofcakeforme,agoodwriter.Butth
ehardestpart4.____________(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory—forit5.____________(forbid)toreadfromthepaper.Therealmomentbeganwhe
nIstoodontheplatformwithmylegs6.____________(tremble)andmymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushing
me.GraduallyIfound7.__________back,deliveringmyspeechwithoutdifficulty.After8.__________seemedtobeahun
dredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding—Imadeit!Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforetheaudiencedisappeared.Actuallywithmy9.____________(confi
dent)builtup,Inowturnouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthe10.____________(great)difficultyonmywaytosuccess
ismyfear.OvercomeitandIwillbeabletoachievemygoals.【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者通过一次演讲克服了自己的恐惧心理，增强了自信。1．terribly解析：考查副词。修饰形容词一般用副词，故用副词terri
bly修饰形容词shy，在句中作状语。2．toprepare解析：考查非谓语动词。havenochoicebuttodosth.为固定用法，意为“除了做某事，别无选择”，符合语境，故此处用不定式形式。3．which解析：考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语
，指代“todraftthespeech”，故填which。4．lay解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“was”可知，文中描述的事情发生在过去，故此处用动词的过去式，故填lay。5．wasforbidden解析：考查动词的时态和语态。forbid和句子
的形式主语it之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。6．trembling解析：考查with复合结构。“with＋宾语(名词或代词)＋宾补”为独立主格结构。此处mylegs和tremble构成逻辑上的主谓关系
，故用现在分词形式。7．myself解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我发现我自己恢复原状”，应为“foundmyselfback”，故填反身代词myself。8．what解析：考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾
语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what引导该宾语从句。9．confidence解析：考查词性转换。由空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处用名词形式，故填confidence。10．greatest解析：考查形容词最高级。根据语境和空前的定冠词the以及空后的名词di
fficulty可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填greatest。获得更多资源请扫码加入享学资源网微信公众号www.xiangxue100.com
