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3.概要写作一A(2019·温州高考适应性考试)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Highschoolexittestsareteststhatstudentsmustpasstograduatefromhighschool.Inthelas

tfewyears，however，anumberofstatesinAmericahavedroppedthem.Althoughsomestatesstillusethemfordiplomas，thenumberisdownfromahighof27stat

esduringthetestingcrazepromotedbyNoChildLeftBehind(NCLB)．Theappearanceofthisphenomenonisasmallwonder.Researchesclearlyshowthatexittests

havelittlepositiveeffectsonstudents.A2014reportfoundexittestingwasassociatedwithlowergraduationrates，negativelyaffectedlabormarketoutc

omes，and，mostalarmingly，produceda12.5percentincreaseinincarceration(监禁)rates.Exitexams，thestudyconcluded，hadtendedtoaddlittlevalueformoststude

nts.Exittestingreliesonthefollowingassumptions.Oneisthatstandardizedtestingcanserveasakindof“qualitycontrol”forhighs

choolgraduates，guaranteeingthatgraduatesarecollegeready.Theotheristhattheyhavepredictingvalueforfuturesuccessinacademi

csituations.Butthereislittleevidence.Thetestsdon’texactlymeasurewhattheypretendtomeasure.Forexample，qualitiessuchasin

telligence，academicability，collegereadinessarenotdetermined.Thosethatshouldbedevelopedinallyoungpeople，likerespons

ibility，criticalthinking，andempathy(同理心)，arenotmeasured，either.Evensupportersofexittestshaveacknowledgedthattheydon’tofferreliabledata.Thus，morea

ndmorepeoplearesuggestingthatexittestscoresoughttobejustonecomponentofthehighschooldiploma.Schoolsshouldco

nsidermanyotherrecordsincludingcreditsearned，coursestaken，activities，service，projectsandotherelementsofacademicaccomplishmentsot

hatstudentscanbeevaluatedflexibly.Inotherwords，exittestscoresshouldneverbetheonlycriterionforhighschooldiplomas.参考范文Highschoolexittes

tshavebeencancelledinsomestatesinAmericainrecentyears.Thisisnotsurprisingbecausestudiesshowtheydolittlegoodtostud

ents.Insteadofensuringcollegereadinessandacademicsuccess，theyactuallydon’tmeasurewhatshouldbemeasured.Therefore，ex

ittestscoresshouldonlybeonepartofthestandardsofhighschooldiplomas.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’sareallygoo

dideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactual

lybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms，classroomsandathleticequipmentand，ofcourse，thestudents.Itseem

salittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses，anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrid

eaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife，anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouar

emakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact，alotofcollegeapplicationsevenas

kifyouhavevisitedcampus，andobviously，ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility，butifyoulivenearby，gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisi

tsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply，attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovi

sittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses，thingsthatyouwo

uldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now，iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible，thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLi

ve.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers，students，andcollegecounselors(顾问)，anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefa

iratcollegeweeklive.com.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit，itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyouro

therresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.参考范文It’srea

llyworthwhiletopayavisittotheirdesiredcollegespersonallybeforeapplying.Undoubtedly，studentsshouldvisittheirlocalcollege

s，whichmaybeincludedinapplications.Atleast，theyshouldvisittheschoolandfigureoutitsrealconditionsinadvanc

e.Forstudentswhoareshortofmoneyandtime，registeringfortheonlinecollegefairisagoodalternativetohelpthembetterunderstandschools.二A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词

左右的内容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation，studentsarenowabletostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesof

theindividualwayoflearning，whileothereducationalistsstronglyopposeit，claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtolowacademicperformance.Inm

yopinion，groupstudy(studyingasagroup)hasmoretooffer，andthereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Iti

struethatweshouldvalueindividualism，pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourrightstomakeupourownminds.This，however，doesnotnece

ssarilymeanthat，withself­relianceinmind，wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess，nomatterwhatwedo.Afterall，somet

imesthingsgotheotherwayaround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying，whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsatfir

stthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount？Theanswerisabsolutely“Yes”．Bychangingthoughtswithourstudypar

tners，wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel；bycomparingwithotherstudents，wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwema

ybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehind.Itisknowntoallthathumansare“gregarious(群居的)animals”．Noto

nlydowestudyorplaytogether，butalsoweworkingroups.Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers，andstudyin

gwithotherpeopleoffersthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlea

rningabilities，buttheymaynotsurviveinthecompetitivejobmarket，fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whilewesh

ouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset，theimportantroleplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall，st

udentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachievesuccessinthefuture.参考范文Despitethepopularityofinde

pendentlearning，Iholdthebeliefthatgroupstudycanbenefitusmore.Interactionwithpeersisnolessimportantthanindependenceinachievingsuccess.Me

anwhile，socialskillsthatplayasignificantroleinpeople’scareerscanbelearnedfromgroupstudy.Toconclude，groupstudyshouldnotbeunderva

luedifwewanttobesuccessfulinthefuture.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Mostofushavequitegoodmemories，butourme

moriesarelimited.Forexample，wecannotremembereveryonewehaveevermetorwhatwedidoneverysingledayofourlives.However，therearesomepeople

whodohaveexcellentmemories.Thesepeoplehavearareconditionknownassavantsyndrome(学者综合症)．Savantssufferfromadevelopmentaldisorder，buttheyalsoexhibitgre

attalentsthatcontrast(形成对比)sharplywiththeirphysicalandmentaldisabilities.KimPeek(1951－2009)wasasavantwholivedinSaltLakeCity，Utah，theUnitedSta

tes.Hewasbornwithdamagetopartsofhisbrain，butitseemedthatotherpartsofhisbrain，particularlythoserelatedtomemory，becameoverdeve

loped.Peek’suniqueabilitiesappearedataveryearlyage.Whenhewasjust20monthsold，hecouldalreadyremembereverybookheread.Peekcouldreadtwo

pagesofabookatthesametime—onepagewiththerighteyeandtheotherwiththeleft—inlessthan10secondsandremembereverythingh

eread.Bythetimehedied，Peekhadmemorizedmorethan9,000books.DrDavidTreffert，anexpertonsavantsyndrome，oncedescribe

dPeekas“awalkingGoogle”becauseofhisastonishingabilitytomemorizeandconnectfacts.However，atthesametime，Peekw

asunabletocarryoutsimpletasks，suchasbrushinghishairorgettingdressed，andheneededotherstohelphim.In1989，themovieRainMa

nwontheOscarforBestPicture.Themaincharacterinthemovie，playedbyDustinHoffman，wasbasedonKimPeek.AfterPeekbecamefamousforthemovie，hestartedt

oappearontelevision，whereheamazedaudiencesbycorrectlyansweringdifficultquestionsondifferenttopics.Heandhisfatherbegantouringwidelyto

talkaboutovercomingdisabilities.Heinspiredagreatmanypeoplewithhiswords.“Recognizingandrespectingdifferencesinothers，andtreatingeveryonei

nthewayyouwantthemtotreatyou，willmakeourworldabetterplaceforeveryone.Everyoneisdifferent.”参考范文Somepeoplesufferingfromsavantsyndromedi

splaygreatcontrastbetweentheirmemoriesanddisabilities.KimPeekwasatypicalexampleofthem.Sinceearlychildhood，hecouldremembe

ralmosteverythinghehadreadbutwasunabletodosimplechores.AfteramoviewhichwasbasedonPeekandwontheOscarwassc

reened，Peekbecamefamousandtheninspiredotherstorecognizeandrespectdifferencesinpeople.三A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Tryin

gtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou’realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation？Youmightwanttoholdoffonthat.Feelingstressedchangeshowpeopleweighriska

ndreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymoreattentiontothe

positivesideofapossibleoutcome.“It’sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright，”saysMaraMatheroftheUniversityofSouther

nCalifornia.Sheco­wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR．Lighthall.“Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink，”Mathersays.“Stressisusuall

yassociatedwithnegativeexperiences，soyou’dthink，maybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeoutcomes.”Butresearchershave

foundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress，theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationanddiscountingnegativeinformation.“Stressseemstohelppeop

lelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair(削弱)theirlearningfromnegativefeedback，”Mathersays.Whenpeopleunderst

ressaremakingadifficultdecision，theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativesthey’reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho’sde

cidingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressedbythedecisionmightfocusontheincreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute(上下班路程)．Theincreasedfo

cusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevokingaddictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimec

ontrollingtheirurges.“Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerandthey’relessabletoresistit，”Mathersays.Stressalsoincreasesthediffere

ncesinhowmenandwomenthinkaboutrisks.Whenmenareunderstress，theybecomeevenmorewillingtotakerisks；whenwomenarestressed，theygetmoreconservative.P

reviousresearchbacksthisup—atdifficulttimes，mentendtowardfightorflightresponse，whilewomentrytobondmorewithothersan

dimprovetheirrelationships.参考范文Stresscanaffectdecision­making，andfeelingstressedmayleadpeopletobemor

eoptimistic.Surprisingasitmaysound，stresscanreallymakepeopleconcentratemoreonpositivethingsandlessonnegativeones.Bothjob­hoppingandaddictionscanwell

explaintheinfluenceofstressondecision­making.Nevertheless，menandwomenunderpressurerespondquitedifferentlyinthefa

ceofrisks.B阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Iftherewasonethingyoucouldmakeparentsunderstandaboutkids，whatwoulditbe？Thatisoneofthequesti

onsTFKandKidsHealth.orgrecentlyaskedinananonymous(匿名的)surveyconductedonline.Morethan8,000kidsanswere

d.“Wejustwanttospendtimewithyou，”saida12­year­old.“At13，youcan’ttreatmelikeI’m6，”anotherkidsaid.An11­year­oldwrote，“B

eingakidisalotharderthanitlooks.”Thekidswhotookoursurveymadeitclearthattheywanttofeelclosetotheimportantpeopleintheirlives—theirmom，dadandothercarin

gadults.Buttheiranswersalsoshowthatitisnotalwayseasytodealwiththesecloserelationships.Manykids—twooutofthree—saidtheygetalongprett

ywellorverywellwiththeirparents.Aboutfouroutoffivekidstoldusthattheyhavefunwiththeirpar­ents.Butthatdoesn’tmeantheyneverdisagree.Infact

，mostkidsreportedarguingwiththeirparents，atleastsometimes.“It’sabsolutelynormaltodisagreeandargue，”saysD’Arcy

Lyness，achildpsychologist.“Butit’salsoimportanttolearnhowtodosorespectfully.”Abouthalfofthekidssaidtheyaredoingthat.Whentheydisagreew

iththeirparents，theysaytheydiscussissuescalmly.Buttwooutoffivekidssaidargumentstendtoinvolveyellingateachother.Lynesspointsoutthatshoutingnever

helps.“Speakup，andletyourparentsknowyourideasandyouropinions，”sheadvises.“Butbepatient.Don’tusearaised，an

gryvoice.”Kidsmadeitclearthattheywouldratheravoidconflictaltogether.Notsurprisingly，threeoutoffourkidsadmittedlyingattimes.Manysaidthey

lietoavoidgettingintroubleordisappointingtheirparents.AccordingtoLyness，lyingisn’tjustwrong.Itcanactuallyge

tnegativeresults.Tellingthetruthbuildstrust.“Whenparentscantrustyou，theyaremorelikelytogiveyoumorefreedomandmoreprivi

leges，”shesays.参考范文Arecentsurveyshowsthatmostkidswanttofeelclosetotheimportantpeopleintheirlives.However，itisno

talwayseasytodealwiththesecloserelationships.Manykidscangetalongwellwithparents，butsometimestheydisagree，whichisabsolutelynorma

l.Whenfacingconflict，speakingupcanhelp，butbeingpatientisveryimportant.However，kidswouldratheravoidconfl

ictbytellinglies.