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三、写作意图题(2019·天津，D)WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortu

ne.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebooktu

rnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).Andthestorypo

sesaninterestingquestion：whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We

’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkin

gaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus

，infact，progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwo

nder.But，ifwearewillingtolearn，theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththet

hingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease，somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—an

ideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm，wecankeeponlearning.T

henwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However，wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanou

rownlittleegos(自我)，whethertolovedones，tofellowhumans，towork，ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(视……等同于)

“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirableco

mmitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck，orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekin

dofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.语篇解读本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。51.Thepas

sagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC

.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess答案B解析推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后

生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagra

ph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinue

learning.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选D项。53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselves

trapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithaca

utiousmind.答案C解析推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。54.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusin

Paragraph5?A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsui

tablewaystodealwithlife.答案D解析推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应

该学会用合适的方式对待生活，因此选D。55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingres

ponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexce

llenceinourlifelongcareer.答案A解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。一、题型解读各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图/目的题。设问形式常有：1.整篇文章的写作意图/目的：

(1)Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto.(2)Theauthorofthepassageaimsto.(3)Thepurposeofthepassageisto.(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthep

assage?(5)Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthispassage?(6)Theauthorofthestorywantstotellusthat.2.某处细节的写作意图/目的：(1)Theauthoruses...

inthefirstparagraphto.(2)Theauthorusestheexampleof...to.(3)Theauthorwritesthelastparagraphinorderto.

(4)Whydoestheauthormention...inthefirstparagraph?二、解题技巧1.文体特点推意图(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性的语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开。(2

)广告类应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2.看写作手法找答案(1)在文章开头提出

问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有tobringin/tointroducethetopic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有tosupport/toshow等字眼。例如：【真题感悟】中的第55题，文章为议论文，文章先提

出论点，再进行论证，最后得出结论：我们要让自己的成年生活充满意义。A(2019·南徐盐常四市联考)Someofthegreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalint

elligence.WhenMartinLutherKing，Jr.presentedhisdream，hechoselanguagethatwouldstirtheheartsofhisaudience.D

eliveringthiselectrifying(令人激动的)messagerequiredemotionalintelligence—theabilitytorecognize，understand，andma

nageemotions.Emotionalintelligencehasbeenhighlyrecommendedbyleaders，policymakers，andeducatorsasthesolutiontoawiderangeofsocialproblems.Ifwecantea

chourchildrentomanageemotions，theargumentgoes，we’llhavelessbullyingandmorecooperation.Ifwecancultiva

teemotionalintelligenceamongleadersanddoctors，we’llhavemorecaringworkplacesandmorecompassionatehealthcare.Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheunc

ontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.Newevidenceshowsthatwhenpeoplesharpentheiremotionalskills，theybecomebetteratma

nipulating(控制)others.Whenyou’regoodatcontrollingyourownemotions，youcanhideyourtruefeelings.Whenyouknowwhat

othersarefeeling，youcan1motivatethemtoactagainsttheirownbestinterests.Socialscientistshavebeguntodocumentthisd

arksideofemotionalintelligence.11InaresearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewa

slesslikelytoscrutinize(细致审查)themessageandrememberedofthecontent.Ironicallyaudiencemembersweresomovedbythespeechthattheyclaimedtorecallmoreofit.The

authorscallthistheawestruckeffect，butitmightjustaseasilybedescribedasthedumbstruckeffect.Oneobserverreflectedtha

tHitler’spersuasive6impactcamefromhisabilitytostrategicallyexpressemotions—hewould“tearopenhisheart”—andtheseemotionsaffecte

dhisfollowerstothepointthattheywould“stopthinking2criticallyandjustemote”.Leaderswho7masteremotionscanrobusofourcapacitiestoreason.Iftheirvaluesareou

tofstepwithourown，theresultscanbedestructive.Newevidencesuggeststhatwhenpeoplehaveself-servingmotives(动机)，emotio

nalintelligencebecomesaweaponformanipulatingothers.InastudyledbytheUniversityofTorontopsychologistStephaneCote，univ

ersityemployeesfilledoutasurveyabouttheirMachiavellian(不择手段的)tendencies，andtookatestmeasuringtheirknowledgeaboute

ffectivestrategiesformanagingemotions.Then，Cote’steamassessedhowoftentheemployeesdeliberatelyundermined(逐渐削弱)theircolleagues.Theemploye

es9involvedinthemostharmfulbehaviorswereMachiavellianswithhighemotionalintelligence.Theyusedtheiremotionalskillstolowerthedignityoftheirpeersf

orpersonalgain.ShiningalightonthisdarksideofemotionalintelligenceisonemissionofaresearchteamledbyUniversityCollegeLondonprofessorMartinKilduff.Ac

cordingtotheseexperts，emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain.ProfessorKilduff’steamwrite

s，“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevide

ntnotonlyonShakespeare’sstagebutalsointheofficesandcorridorswherepowerandinfluencearetraded.”Ofcourse，peoplearen’talwaysusingemotionalintelligencef

ornefariousends.Moreoftenthannot，emotionalskillsaresimplyinstrumentaltoolsforgoalaccomplishment.AresearchteamdiscoveredthatfounderAnitaRodd

ickusedemotionalintelligencetoinspireheremployeesfundraiseforcharity.AsRoddickexplained，“Wheneverwewant

edtopersuadeourstafftosupportaparticularprojectwealwaystriedtobreaktheirhearts.”Thereisgrowingrecognit

ionthatemotionalintelligence—likeanyskill—canbeusedforgoodorevil.Soifwe’regoingtoteachemotionalintel

ligenceinschoolsanddevelopitatwork，weneedtoconsiderthevaluesthatgoalongwithitandwhereit’sactuallyuseful.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和

影响。1.WhydoestheauthormentionMartinLutherKing，Jr.?A.Tohonorthegreatleaderforhiscourage.B.Torecommendhisspeech

tootherleaders.C.Toimpressthereaderswithamajortopic.D.Toadvocateasocietywithfewerproblems.答案C解析写作意图题。根据第一段中的“Someofth

egreatestmomentsinhumanhistorywerefuelledbyemotionalintelligence.”可知，人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的，紧接着作者提到马丁·路德·金就是为了给读者留下深刻的印象，故C项正确。2.Whi

chofthefollowingbelongstoadarksideofemotionalintelligence?A.Developingthecapabilitytocontrolone’sownemotion.B.Inducingpeopletodowhatb

ringsdisadvantagestothem.C.Appealingtotheaudiencetoconcentrateandremembermore.D.Encouragingthemovedaudiencetorecallmoreofthespeech.答案B解析细节

理解题。根据第三段第一句及最后一句可知，情商重要，但失控的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最佳利益，由此可知，诱导人们做对他们不利的事情属于情商的黑暗面之一，故B项正确。3.What

isthedumbstruckeffectofHitler’semotionalintelligence?A.Hisfollowerswouldtearopentheirheartstohim.B.Hisfollowerswouldexpressemoti

onsstrategically.C.Hisfollowerswouldlosetheabilitytoreasonproperly.D.Hisfollowerswoulddeveloptheself-servingmotives

.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，希特勒之所以极具说服力，是因为他有能力战略性地表达自己的情绪，这些情绪会影响到他的追随者，让他们不再批判性地思考，而只是发泄情绪，由此可知，希特勒情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失

去了正确推理的能力，故C项正确。4.Howdopeopleusetheiremotionalintelligenceforpersonalgain?A.Theydisguisetheiremotions

toearnothers’trust.B.Theyhelptheircolleaguestobuildupconfidence.C.Theypresenttheirstrategicbehaviorsonthestage.D.Theylowertheirowndignitytogainpopu

larity.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第七段中的“emotionalintelligencehelpspeopledisguise(伪装)onesetofemotionswhileexpressinganotherforpersonalgain”及

“Thestrategicdisguiseofone’sownemotionsandthemanipulationofothers’emotionsforstrategicendsarebehaviorsevident”可知，人们通过掩饰自己的情绪赢得别人的信任来获取个人利益，故A项正确

。5.Whichmaymeanthesameastheunderlinedword“nefarious”inParagraph8?A.Immoral.B.Unimportant.C.Illegal.D.Uncontrollable.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词所在

句及其后一句可知，人们并不总是利用情商来达到邪恶的目的，通常情感技巧只是实现目标的工具，由此可知画线词词义为“邪恶的，不道德的”，故A项正确。6.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

TheBenefitsofEmotionalIntelligenceB.TheWaysofDisguisingOne’sEmotionsC.TheReasonsforUsingEmotionalSkillsD.TheDarkSideofEmotionalI

ntelligence答案D解析标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是第三段中的“Emotionalintelligenceisimportant，buttheuncontrolledenthusiasmhasobscured(掩盖)adarkside.”可知，情商固然重要，但失控

的热情掩盖了它的黑暗面，本文主要介绍的就是情商的黑暗面，故D项正确。B(2019·南京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模)“Beafraid.Beveryafraid，”saysa10characterinTheFly，ahorrorfilmaboutamanwhoturnsintoanenorm

ousinsect.It3capturestheuneaseanddisgustpeopleoftenfeelforthekingdomofcockroaches，Zika-carryingmosquitoesandcreepycrawlie

sofallkinds.However，ecologistsincreasinglyseetheinsectworldassomethingtobefrightenedfor，notfrightenedof.Inthepasttwoyears，scoresofscientificst

udieshavesuggestedthattrillionsofmurmuring，droning，honeybees，butterfliesandbeetlesaredyingoff.“Ifallmankindweretodisappear”，wroteE.O.W

ilson，a4respectableentomologist，“theworldwouldregenerate...Ifinsectsweretovanish，theenvironmentwouldcollapseintochaos.”Mostoft

hestudiesdescribedeclinesof50%andmoreoverdecadesindifferentmeasuresofinsecthealth.Theimmediate5reactionisshock.Insectsenableplantstoreproduce，throug

hpollination(授粉)，andarefoodforotheranimals，soacollapseintheirnumberswouldbecatastrophic.Butasecondlook8leadstoadifferentassessme

nt.Ratherthancausingapanic，thestudiesshouldactasatimelywarningandareasontotakeprecautions.Thatisbecausetheworstfe

arisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsectnumbersinmostoftheworld.Reliabledataaretooscarcetodecl

areaglobalemergency.Moreover，wheretheevidencedoesshowacollapse—inEuropeandAmerica—agriculturalandruralecosystemsareholdingup.Farmprod

uctionstillremainshigh.Assomeinsectspeciesdieout，othersseemtobemovingintotheniches(生态位)theyhaveleft，keepingecosystemsgoing，althoughwithlessbio

diversitythanbefore.Itishardtoarguethatinsectdeclineisyetcausingsignificanteconomicdamage.Buttherearecomplications.Agriculturalproductivityisnott

heonlymeasureofenvironmentalhealth.Animalshavevalue，independentofanydirecteconomiccontributiontheymaymake.Themorespeciesmakeupaneco

system，themorestableitislikelytobe.Theextinctionofafewinsectspeciesamongsomanymightnotmakeabigdifference.Thelossofhundredsoftho

usandswould.Andthescaleoftheobserveddeclineraisesdoubtsabouthowlongecosystemscanremainresilient(能复原的).Anexperimentinwhichresearchersgraduall

ypulledoutinsectpollinatorsfromfieldsfoundthatplantdiversityheldupwelluntilabout90%ofinsectshadbeenremoved.Thenitcollapsed.1

2Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossibletoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.Butitwouldberecklesstofindoutbyactuallytriggeringone.

语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要采取预防措施。否则后果不堪设想。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefirstparagraphimply?A.Ecologistshavelongbe

enafraidofthosedisgustinginsects.B.Ecologistsareworriedaboutthedisappearanceofsomeinsects.C.Ecologistshave

alreadygotridoftheprejudicedfeelingaboutinsects.D.Ecologistsarerespectfuloftheinsect’sabilitytoregeneratethemselves.答案B解析推理判断题。根据画线句及其后的内容可知，生态学家越

来越多地把昆虫世界看作是受到惊吓的物体，而不是吓人的物体。在过去的两年里，大量的科学研究表明，数以万亿计的嗡嗡作响的蜜蜂、蝴蝶和甲虫正在消失。如果所有的人类都消失了，昆虫学家元老威尔逊写道，“世界还会再生……但如果昆虫消失了，环境就会陷入混乱。”所以通过威尔逊所说的话可以判断出，第一段中

带下画线的句子暗示出，生态学家担心一些昆虫的消失。故B选项正确。8.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthestudiesconductedinthepasttwoyears?A.Thought

hereisadeclineinthenumberofinsects，westillhavethereasontobeoptimistic.B.Biodiversitycancauseimmediatedamagesothatweshouldt

akeprecautionsrightaway.C.Datacollectedfromallovertheworldisconvincingtoproveourenvironmentisatrisk.D.Theconsequenceofdecreasingbiodiversit

ymaybemoreseriousthanwecanimagine.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句“Thatisbecausetheworstfearisunproven.Therearenostudiesatallofwildinsect

numbersinmostoftheworld.”可知，生物多样性减少的后果可能比我们想象的更为严重。故D选项正确。9.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toshowthemagicalpowerofou

rmothernature.B.Toanalyzewhyinsectsareontheedgeofextinction.C.Todrawpeople’sattentiontothedecreasinginsects.D.Tourg

ethescientiststocollectmoredataaboutinsects.答案C解析写作意图题。通读全文可知，短文说明了昆虫危机还没有迫在眉睫，但是需要预防措施。昆虫是生态系统健康的指标。它们的衰落是一个警告，提醒我们要注意这一点

，否则一切都太晚了。所以写这篇文章的目的是引起人们对正在减少的昆虫的注意。故C选项正确。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotiva

tepeopletogetinvolvedinvoluntarywork.激励2.Thishasgivenhimadispositiontoconsiderourtraditionscritically.批判地3.Therobb

erywascapturedonpolicevideocameras.记录下，捕捉4.Hewasnowateacherandarespectablememberofthecommunity.受人尊敬的5.Ourinstinctivereactionwhensome

onecausesuspainistostrikeback.反应(二)同义词语替换6.FrenchhadamajorimpactontheEnglishlanguage.influence7.Shestru

ggledtomasterherfearofheight.control8.Goodhabitsalwaysleadtohighefficiency，whilebadonesbringtheopposite.c

ause/resultin/bringin(三)一词多义9.involvevt.包含；需要；涉及；影响；使参加(1)Ifyourgoalinvolvesotherpeople，putyourselfintheirpositions.影响(2)Studentsshouldinvo

lvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.使参加(3)Acrosstalkperformanceinvolvestalking，imitating，singin

gandtellingjokes.包括10.charactern.性格，个性；特征；品性，人格；人物；角色；符号；文字(1)Ididn’tknowRonhadthatmuchstrengthofcharacter.个性(2)Mic

haelFishismyfavourite.He’sahoot，arealcharacter.人物(3)Schoolswerecreatedtoteachreading，mathsandmoralcharacter.人格(4)Thefilmisautobiographicalan

dthecentralcharacterisplayedbyCollardhimself.角色(5)Acharacterisaletter，number，orothersymbolthatiswrittenorprinted.文字；符号Ⅱ.长难句理解11.Inar

esearchledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges，whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfilledwithemotion，theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizetheme

ssageandrememberedofthecontent.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，主句是theaudiencewaslesslikelytoscrutinizethemessageandrememberedofthecontent；InaresearchledbyUn

iversityofprofessorJochenMenges是地点状语；其中ledbyUniversityofprofessorJochenMenges是过去分词短语作定语；whenaleadergaveaninspiringspeechfi

lledwithemotion是when引导的时间状语从句。[精美译文]在一个由大学教授JochenMenges主持的研究中(发现)，当一个领导人做充满激情的演讲时，听众不太可能细致审查内容细节并记住演讲内容。12.Giventhelackofdata，itisimpossib

letoknowhowcloseEuropeandAmericaaretoanecosystemcollapse.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句，主句是itisimpossibletoknowhowclose...；其中how引导一个宾语从句；Giventh

elackofdata是介词短语作状语，译为“考虑到数据的缺乏”。[精美译文]考虑到数据的缺乏，不可能知道欧洲和美洲生态系统的崩溃是何等的相近。强化练(二十一)Ⅰ.单项填空1.Consideredtobealessd

angeroustotobacco，“e-cigs”aretakingovertheWestasmoreandmorepeopleswitchoverwhentryingtokickthehabit.(2019·苏州八校高三联考)A.a

djustmentB.alternativeC.advertisementD.amusement答案B解析adjustment调整，适应；alternative替代物，可供选择的事物；advertisement广告；

amusement娱乐。句意为：随着越来越多的人开始戒烟，被认为是危险程度更小的替代物——电子烟在西方国家变得流行起来了。根据句意可知使用电子烟作为烟草的替代品，故B项正确。2.—Whatwaswrong？Whydidn’tyougotothepicnicasscheduled?—I’m

sorry.Iaseriously-injuredoldmantothehospital.(2019·南京六校联合体高三月考)A.woulddeliverB.deliveredC.haddeliveredD.wasdelivering答案D解析考查时态。句意为：——出

什么事了？你为什么没有按计划去野餐？——我很抱歉。我正在把一个严重受伤的老人送到医院。结合句意可知此处是表示在过去某一段时间内正在做某事，所以用过去进行时态，故选D。3.MoreandmoreproductsoftheearlyInternetarecomingtoanend.Thesamei

strueinChina，too，whereTencentsaysit’llWebQQonJan.1,2019.A.shutdownB.improveonC.putforthD.setoff答案A解析句意为：越来越多的早期互联网产品即将走到尽头。在中国也是如此，腾讯表示它将在

2019年1月1日关闭WebQQ。shutdown关闭，停止运转，符合语境。improveon改进；putforth提出；setoff出发，引发。4.EveryoneinthetouristindustryhasmadethepointthatGovernmentass

istanceishelpful，whattheyactuallyneedmostisforthevisitorsthemselvestoreturn.A.asB.whenC.whileD.since答案C解析句意为：从事旅游业的每个人都强调了这一点，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是

他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。5.Jennyisnotinthewaytotreatherstudents.So

metimessheistootoughonthem，andsometimesshejustallowsthemeverything.(2019·海安县高三期末)A.consistentB.conventionalC.considerateD.c

ontroversial答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。consistent始终如一的，一致的；conventional惯例的；considerate体贴的；controversial有争议的。句意为：珍妮对待学生的方式不一致，有时她对他们太严厉了，有时又放任他们。故A

项正确。6.Thecollegeannouncedthestudentsexchangeprogram，mostofstudentshavingsubmittedtheirapplicationforms.(2019·江苏江都、华罗庚等中学联考)A.themB.

whichC.whoseD.its答案D解析考查独立主格结构。句意为：学院宣布了交换生计划，大部分学生已经提交了申请表。由于空格后面用了独立主格结构，此处应该用形容词物主代词，it指代Thecollege，故D项正确。7.Nextdoo

rtoours，whoseemtohavesettledinthiscommunityforquitealongtime.A.arelivingablackcoupleB.liveablackcoupleC.areablackcouplelivingD.do

ablackcouplelive答案B解析考查倒装句。Nextdoortoours是地点状语，置于句首时句子要全部倒装，即主谓倒装。句意为：我们隔壁住着一对黑人夫妇，他们似乎已经在这个社区定居很久了。根据句意可知时态为一般现在时，故选

B。8.Allrightsreserved.Thecontentaboveshallnotbereprintedwithoutpermission，thanks.A.arbitrarilyB.barelyC.offensivelyD.optionally答案A解析考查副词辨析。句意为：版权所有

，以上内容未经允许不准随意重印，谢谢。arbitrarily随意地，武断地；barely勉强，几乎不；offensively冒犯地，讨厌地；optionally有选择地。故选A。9.Ifyouwanttoimpr

oveyourfigureandhealth，themosteffectivethingtodoistoshowupatthegymeverytimeyoubethere.A.canB.willC.mayD.shall答案A解析考

查情态动词。句意为：如果你想改善你的身材和健康，要做的最有效的事情是每一次你能去健身房的时候就一定出现在那里。本题can表示能力。10.—MustIstayathomereviewinglessonsevenatweekends?—Lastt

imeyoudidpasstheexamunexpectedly，butdon’tthistimebecauseitismuchmoredifficult.A.pullyourweightB.sealyourfateC.pushyourluckD.breakyourback答案C解析

句意为：——周末我必须待在家里复习功课吗？——上次你出人意料地通过了考试，但是这次不要碰运气了，因为考试会难得多。pullyourweight尽最大努力；sealyourfate决定你的命运；push

yourluck再次冒险，继续碰运气；breakyourback拼命工作。根据语境可知，答话者认为对方上次通过考试是靠运气，所以在提醒对方要认真复习而不能再凭运气，故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读理解AElNiño，aSpanishtermfor“theChristc

hild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundCh

ristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatno

rmallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanyplaces.Ric

hcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15bill

ion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagr

iculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-ea

stBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikely

tocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNiño，in1997-98，killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglob

e.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopm

entInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanre

coveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementst

oinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedby

anoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapa

perin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNiño’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestr

ongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetherisktha

tthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.Sincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfr

omdisasterslinkedtoElNiño，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。主要介绍的是厄尔尼诺现象名字的得来、影响、危害等相关情

况，希望人们对厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好充分的准备，以减少损失。11.WhatmayElNiñosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Drou

ghtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically

.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños，onbalance，thantheylose.”可知，富裕国家因厄尔尼诺得到的东西要比它们失去的多。12.Thedataprovid

edbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNiñodeservemorecomp

ensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句中的“...however，just12%ofdisaster-

relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance...”可知以往政府对减少风险的投入太少，应该加大投资以降低厄尔尼诺现象造成的损失。13.Whatistheautho

r’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNiñoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNiño.C.Toshowwaysoffighti

ngagainstElNiño.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNiño.答案D解析写作意图题。根据文章内容，特别是最后一段中的“helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducethe

risk...”可判断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象的发生做好准备。BProfessionalcourses，suchasMastersinInternationalBusinessorMIB，haveb

eentakenbymanystudentsinthelasttwodecades.Theyarechoosingnew-agenon-conventionalcoursesthatguaranteeabetterfuture.MIBisaspec

ializedcoursethatteachestheinternationalbusiness.TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.Thecoursecontenta

ndteachingmethodsofMIBarequitedifferentfromanormalMBAorMasterofBusinessAdministration.Ithasbeendesignedwiththesoleobjectiveofdevelop

ingprofessionalswithanin-depthunderstandingandknowledgeoftheinternationaltrade.Thecourseoffersvariousadvantagesover

theconventionalMBAdegreecourse.Themassiveincreaseintheinternationalbusinessandforeigntradegivesexcellentjobprospects(前景)tothenewg

eneration.AcquiringadegreeofMIBoffersoutstandinggrowthofjobopportunities.Thosewhowanttopursueinthefieldofmarketingalsoh

aveagoodfutureaftercompletingthedegreefromareputedMIBcollege.Bigmultinationalorganizationslookfortalen

tedpeoplewhocanhandlethejobprofileofInternationalMarketingManage，andpeoplewithMIBdegreesarepreferred.Theprofileneedsanin-depthunderstandingofth

eoverseasmarkets，becauseitisthestrategicpostfromtheperspectiveofcompany’sinternationalbusinessgrowth.Sincebusinessfinanceandeconomicsar

ecoveredatlengthinthecurriculumofMIB，studentshavegreatjoboffersinthefieldoffinanceaswell.Typically，organizationsoffer

theprofileofinternationalfinancecontrollerstothosewhocompleteMIBwiththespecializationoffinance.Thespe

cializationcoversaspectsofinternationaltaxes，accounts，budgetingandsoon.Peopleinthisfieldarewell-paid，a

ndgrowthprospectsareunlimited.AftercompletingdegreecoursefromareputedMIBcollege，thereisagoodscopeinthebank

ingandfinancesectoraswell.Internationalbanksappointpeoplewhohaveanexcellentgraspovertheinternational

bankingpolicies，currencyexchange，andinternationalpolicies.Thus，MIBisthegoldenkeytosuccesswithbrilliantjoboppor

tunitiesinnationalandmultinationalsectors.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。现在MIB(国际工商硕士)课程越来越受欢迎，文章对其受欢迎的具体原因进行了分析。14.Thesecondparagraphism

ainlydevelopedby.A.analyzingcausesB.listingfiguresC.makingcomparisonsD.provingdefinition答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一句和最后一句可知，本段主要是通过对比MIB和MBA课程之间的区别来组织

写作的。15.MoreandmorepeopleintendtoacquireadegreeofMIBbecause.A.itisacompulsorycourseinthecollegesB.itoffersthemconvention

aleconomicknowledgeC.itoffersthemopportunitiestodosmallbusinessD.ithelpsthemgetgoodjobsinsomeorganizati

ons答案D解析推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句可知，很多大型国际组织更喜欢聘用有MIB学位的人才，这才是越来越多的人学习MIB课程的主要原因。16.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Theinternationalfinancecontrolleri

sahigh-qualityjob.B.Peoplegethighersalaryinbusinessfieldthaninfinancefield.C.MIBholdersaremorepromisinginallcareersthanothers.D.

InternationalbanksonlyacceptemployeesfromMIBcolleges.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句可知，MIB课程中含有商业金融方面的课程，通常，很多组织会把国际

金融控制师的工作给这些完成MIB学位的人，说明这是一份非常好的工作。17.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.TomakeanadvertisementfortheMIBcourse.B.Toanalyz

ethedisadvantagesoftheMIBcourse.C.ToexplainwhytheMIBcourseisgettingpopular.D.TopredictthedevelopmenttrendoftheMIBcourse.答案C解析写作意图题。根据文章第一段可

知，现在MIB课程越来越受欢迎，本段最后一句“TherearevalidreasonsforsomuchpopularityofMIBcourse.”提出这一课程受欢迎有很多原因，文章接下来的三段主要说明具体的原因。Ⅲ.完形填空Youneverknowhowfarak

indactcango.Youdon’tknowwhoitcan18either.WhenGloriaPorterandJeffReickbegan19，theyhadnoideahowmuchitwouldencourageothersto20peoplewithkindness.

89-year-oldGloriaPorterwaslyinginhospital.Shecouldn’tleaveherward.Sotoescapefrom21，shewouldoftenstareoutsideherwindowtowatchconstructionworkers22th

enewfrontentrancetothehospital.Shewasn’texpectingoneoftheironworkerstowavetoher.Shecouldn’thelpbutwavebackatthekind23.Thiswasonlythestartofa

special24betweenthetwo.JeffReickknewPorterwas25，sohedecidedtosendakind26toherbyfindingsomechalkandwrit

ing“GetWell”ononeofthebeams(梁)facingher27.“Ijustthoughtthatwas28，”Portersaid.“SoIshoulddosomethingto29that.”WhenPorters

awconstructionworkersworkinghighabovethegroundonecold，windyday，shegrew30.Shewrote“StaySafe”onapieceofpaper，whichshethen31o

nthewindowfortheworkerstosee.“WhenIsaw‘StaySafe’onthewindow，I32andsaidtomycoworkers，‘Didyouseethat？’”Reicksaid.Thehospitalstafftookphotosaboutthatan

d33themonsocialmedia.Thesimpleactsofkindness34andmanypeoplewereemployedinsimilaracts，includingonewomanwhodelivered35pizzatotheconst

ructionworkers.“Ijusttrytoleadbyexampleandneverexpectsomuch36，”Reicksaid.“Ifeverybody37doesthingslikethat，theworldwillbeabetterplace.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述

了一位生病住院的老人和建筑工人之间通过简短话语互相关怀的温暖故事。最终两人互相关爱的故事也感染了其他人。作者借此告诉我们，如果每个人都互相关爱，世界将变得更加美好。18.A.affectB.pleaseC.disturbD.save答案A解析根据全文内容

可知，此处意为你永远不知道善良的行为会走多远，你也不知道会“影响到谁”。故选affect。19.A.datingB.communicatingC.workingD.arguing答案B解析下文Porter和Reick利用简短的话语互相关怀

的情节属于communicate“交流”范畴。date约会；work工作；argue争论。20.A.showerB.impressC.chargeD.comfort答案A解析根据下文情节可知，他们不知道自己的善举会鼓励那么多人大量传达善意给其他人。shower

大量地给，符合语境。21.A.fearB.sadnessC.restrictionD.boredom答案D解析根据上文提到的Porter生病住院且不能离开病房可知，为了逃避无聊(boredom)，她常常在病房里盯着

窗外看。22.A.destroyingB.buildingC.repairingD.designing答案B解析根据空前的“constructionworkers”和空后的“thenewfrontentrancetothehospital”可知他们正在建(build)新的医院前门。

destroy破坏；repair修理；design设计。23.A.favorB.inspirationC.gestureD.job答案C解析根据语境可知，Porter认为建筑工人向她挥手是一个善意的举动，并且在之后用行动回复了这样的善意动作。故选gesture

。24.A.businessB.troubleC.destinationD.connection答案D解析下文提到在挥手致意后，两人开始互相关怀，因此本句意为“这只是两人之间的一种特别联系(connection)的开始”。25.A.illB.fineC.poorD.lo

nely答案A解析根据第二段开头的“89-year-oldGloriaPorterwaslyinginhospital.Shecouldn’tleaveherward.”可知，Porter生病了，故选ill。26.A.noteB.messageC.letterD.memo

ry答案B解析根据下文Reick用粉笔在梁上写下的“早日康复”可知，他决定传达给老人善意的信息(message)。27.A.doorB.wallC.windowD.entrance答案C解析上文提到Porter常凝视窗外，Reick在梁上写下的“早日康复”也应该是朝向Porter的窗户(win

dow)的。28.A.preciousB.impoliteC.necessaryD.sudden答案A解析句中“that”指代的是上文提到的Reick的善举。下文提到Porter也写下了对Reick的关心之词，可见Porter觉得Reick对自己的鼓励是“宝贵的”。29.A.reco

rdB.changeC.returnD.remember答案C解析Porter认为Reick对自己的鼓励是宝贵的，因此她觉得自己应该回报(return)这份善意。30.A.puzzledB.annoyedC.i

nterestedD.concerned答案D解析上文提到建筑工人们在寒风中高空作业，Porter应是对他们的安全很担心(concerned)。31.A.drewB.saidC.placedD.mentioned答案C解析Porter在纸上写下“注意

安全”，并把这张纸贴在窗上。从句中“which”指代写了字的纸，因此用place表示“放置”。32.A.turnedaroundB.lookedaroundC.camedownD.waitedfor答案A解析Reick正在工作，见到Po

rter写的字后应该是转身(turnaround)提醒同事们朝窗口看。lookaround环顾；comedown下降，倒下；waitfor等待。33.A.foundB.commentedC.deletedD.shared答案D解析医

院员工拍下了两人透过病房窗户交流的画面，并把照片分享(share)到了社交媒体上。34.A.succeededB.spreadC.popularizedD.happened答案B解析根据下文的“manypeoplewereemploye

dinsimilaracts”可知，这些简单的善行流传(spread)开来。succeed达到目的，成功；popularize使受欢迎，推广；happen发生，出现。35.A.expensiveB.cheapC.

freeD.terrible答案C解析一位女士给建筑工人们送来了免费的(free)比萨饼。36.A.satisfactionB.participationC.successD.trust答案B解析此处表示“我只想以身作则，并未料到会有这么

多人参与(participation)”。37.A.apparentlyB.merelyC.especiallyD.willingly答案D解析如果每一个人都愿意(willingly)这样做，世界就会变得更美好。