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绝密★启用前2017年1月上海普通高等招生统一考试英语试卷（满分150分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。1.ListeningComprehensionDirections：InSection

A,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeaks.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwas

said.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandaquestionaboutit,readthefourpossibl

eanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Pie.B.Icecream.C.Chocolatec

ake.D.Cheesecake.2.A.Themuseumopensat8everyday.B.Shecan’tseethesignclearly.C.Theglassmuseumclosestooearly.D.Shecan’tunderstandthesign.3.A.Deligh

ted.B.Doubtful.C.Relieved.D.Respectful.4.A.Sheworksasalibrarian.B.Shedoesalotofreadingathome.C.Shespendsmuchti

mereadinginthelibrary.D.Shewantstoborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.5.A.Heisn’tsureiftheweatherwillbegood.B.Heprobablywon’tgoskiing.C.Thewea

therwon’tbeasbadasforecastD.Theweatherforecastisn’treliable.6.A.Hisbrotherateupthefood.B.Hisbrotherhelpe

dhimcleanthefridge.C.Hisbrotherlosthisappetite.D.Hisbrotherwentouttodinewithhim.7.A.Keepsomesmallchange.B.Buyan

otherT-shirt.C.Invitesomeoneelsetotheconcert.D.Dresshimselfproperly.8.A.Seeadoctor.B.Repairhiscar.C.Gotoschool.D.Givethew

omanaride.9.A.Shehasnointerestintheman’swords.B.Shedoesn’tunderstandtheman.C.Shedoesn’twanttofollowtheman.D.Shehate

stostudypicturesbykids.10.A.Shemissedthebeginningoftheprogram.B.Shewasawakenedduringthequiz.C.Shefellasleepbeforetheprog

ramended.D.Shewishesshehadgonetosleepearlier.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassengersandonelon

gerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassengersandtheconversationwillbereadtwice

,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestio

nyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingannouncement.11.A.dangerousroom.B.Anexplosivedevice.C.Asuspecthandbag.D.Afireextinguisher.12

.A.Handinvaluableitemstothepolice.B.Helpelderlyanddisabledpeople.C.Letchildrenandwomengofirst.D.Leavebythenearestexit.13.A.Atatheatre.B.Atapolicestat

ion.C.Atanairport.D.Atadepartmentstore.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingtalk.14.A.Anad-blockingdevice.B.Apa

rentedscreen.C.Atelephoneansweringmachine.D.Asoundcontroller.15.A.Shespenttwentyyearsonthenewinvention.B.Shedesignedthenewinventionforth

edeaf.C.Sheinvestedfourthousandpoundsinthenewinvention.D.Sheworkedwithherhusbandonthenewinvention.16.A.Itissimilartoherprev

iousinvention.B.ItcanbeusedjusttocontroltheTVset.C.Itmustbekeptataparticularangle.D.Itistoobigtohold.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconve

rsation.17.A.Howtoorganizethoughtsforaspeech.B.Howtogetanexpectedgrade.C.Howtogiveaspeakingassignment.D.Howtopr

epareaspeech.18.A.Bearinglistenersinmind.B.Developingideassoundly.C.Addingasenseofhumour.D.Beinginfo

rmative.19.A.Thepurposeofthespeech.B.Thespeaker’sinfluence.C.Theinstructor’sadvice.D.Thestructureoft

hespeech.20.A.Listinterestingexamples.B.Readamodelspeech.C.Putdownalltherelatedideas.D.Starttowritethewholespeech.II.GrammarandVocabularySecti

onADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagiven

word,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.“Zootopia”BrokeDisneyRecordsLastweek

end,thelatestDisneymovie,“Zootopia,”brokerecords.ThemoviehadthelargestopeningweekendforaDisneyanimation（动画

片）.PeopleacrosstheUnitedStatesboughtmorethan$75millionworthoftickets.“Zootopia”isacityofanimals.Themoviestarsara

bbitpoliceofficerandafoxcriminal(21)teamuptofindamissingotter（水獭）.Heisamongseveralanimalsthathavesudden

lydisappearedfromthecity.“Zootopia”(22)(praise)foritssharphumorandstrongmessagesinceitsrelease.Thefilmexploresracismandotherissuesin

itsdescriptionofrelations(23)twokindsofanimalsinthecity.JaredBushandPhilJohnstonwrote“Zootopia.”Theytoldreportersthatitstartedoutas

aspymovie(24)(set)inseveraldifferentcontexts.Buttheychangedthestory(25)theyfoundtheanimalworldespeciallyinteresting.Theysa

idto(26)somethinglikethis.“What’sthisworldlike?What’sthehistoryofthisworld?”Andthen,Bushsaid,theywenttotheexperts.Notonly(27)thewr

itersspeakwithpeoplewhostudycoutureandgroupbehavior,butalsotheytalkedwithanimalexpertslikezookeepers.Thecreatorshaven

otedthatthevarietyofanimalswasnoteasy(28)(produce)indrawings.Inthemovie,64speciesliveinmultipleneighborhoods(29)(

represent)differentanimals’livingenvironments.Disneysays“Zootopia”isits(30)(complex)animationyet.Theextraeffortiscerta

inlypayingoffattheboxoffice.SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.E

achwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.acknowledgementB.actuallyC.commonlyD.c

onfirmE.consciousF.crackG.eliminateH.independentI.logJ.shortcutK.unimaginativeWhyyourPasswordMayNotBeAsSafeAsItSeemsDoes“qaz2ws”strikeyouasanices

afepassword?Whatabout“adgjmptw”?Ananalysishasfoundthemtobeamongthepasswordsthataremost31used,whichofcoursemeanstheyarenotsecureatall

.Whentenmillionpasswordswereleakedontotheinternet,theyappearedto32thatattemptsbyinternetsecurityexpertstomakeusimproveourpasswordstrength

hadbeensuccessful,evenif,inthespecificcaseoftheleakedpasswords,theyarealsocompletelypointless.Whilemanyofth

epasswordswerestillsinglewords,suchas“password”,therewasalsoaclearattemptbymanytomakethemharderto33.T

heproblemwasthatpeopleseemedtodosointhesameway.“Usersarebecomingslightlymore34ofwhatmakesapasswordstrong,”explainedWPEngine,anintern

etcompanythatperformedtheanalysis.“Forinstance,addinganumberortwoattheendofatextphrase.Thatmakesitbett

er,right?”But35no.Theyfoundthatalmosthalfamillionpasswordsdidthis---andin20percentofthoseallpeopledidwasputthenumber“1”attheend.Perhapsthisisw

hysomecompaniesarenowtryingtomovegraduallybeyondpasswords.Yahoo!isgivinguserstheoptiontoassociatetheirmobilephonewithana

ccount,hadhaveasingleusepasswordstextedtoiteachtimetheywantto36on.Althoughtheservicesisvoluntary,DylanCaseyanexecutiveatYahoo!,sa

idthatitwas“thefirststepto37passwords”.Hesaiditwasa(n)38thatitwasincreasinglyhardforpeopletorememberallthepasswordstheyhad.“Idon’tthinkwe,asanindu

stry,havedoneagoodenoughjobofputtingourselvesintheshoesofthepeopleusingourproducts,”hesaid.Itwouldcertainlybeamoresensiblestrategythan

samepeople’simprovingupon“password”byusing“wasspord”or,tran5p053dnumb3r5f0r13tt3r5.“Weare,forthemostpart,predictably39whenitcomestoc

hoosingpasswords,despiteadecadeofwarningsfrompasswordstrengthcheckersduringsign-ups,”saidWPEngine.“Welovetakinga(n)40,andso

dopasswordcrackers.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourw

ordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everbeenjustabouttocallsomeonewhenthephoneringsandthepersonin

questionisontheotherend?Orhaveyouexperiencedasuddenfeelingofuneaseordangereventhoughyou’reina(n)41situation?Ifyoudon’tbelieveinit

,you’llputitdownto42andonoveractiveimagination.Butsomepeoplebelieveitis43thatthereisasixthsensebeyondsmell,taste,touch,

hearingandsight.Now,scientistsarecarryingoutexperimentsnotonlytoprovethatitexists,butalsotofindouthowyoucan44ittoyouradvantage.DeanRadin,

aresearcherinCalifornia,hassetuptheBoundaryInstituteinLosAltosandiscurrentlyusingitswebsitetorecruit（招募）4,000peoplein57co

untriestofindoutifthereareany45instancesofsixthsenseor,ashecallsit,“precognition”—theabilitytopredicto

utcomes.Theresultssofarare46.Inacardtest,whereyouhaveto47whichofthefivecardsonacomputerscreenwillbeturnedo

vertorevealapicture,thetopscorershittherightcard48%ofthetime—the48ofthishappeningare2,669to1.49,Radin’

smostfamousstudyinvolvesparticipantslookingatavarietyofimagesthataredesignedtostimulateaspecificresponses.Intheexperiment,participantssitaloneina

roominfrontofacomputer,withdevicesattachedtotheirbodiestomeasurechangesinskinresistanceandbloodflow,whicha

remeasuresofemotionalarousal.Radinhasfoundthatoneinsixpeoplehasariseinarousebeforetheyseetheroadaccident-typepictures,whileremaining

50beforethetree-typepictures.Butevenifyoudoacceptthatasixthsenseexists,thequestionis,doesitactually51?Radinsaysitdoes.“thefutureofourcivilisat

iondependson52thatarebeingmadenow,whetherit’sabouthowwefarmourfood,howwegetridofourwasteorwhetherweallowchemicalstobeinclud

edineverydayproducts.Wedon’thaveanswerstotheseimportantquestions,yetwhatwedecideonwill53ourlivesfordecadesorl

onger.Anythingwecandotoimproveourabilitytopredictfutureeventsiswellworththe54,”hesays.“Ifitturnsoutthatsomepeoplecangenuinelyforecastthefuturesom

eofthetime,asIbelievethedatashows,then55thisabilityisasimportantascutting-edgescience.41.A.unfamiliarB.toughC.harmles

sD.ridiculous42.A.coincidenceB.resistanceC.innovationD.distraction43.A.mysteryB.evidenceC.falsehoodD.innocence44.A.alterB.defineC

.findD.use45.A.historicalB.strangeC.mistakenD.true46.A.extraordinaryB.inevitableC.alarmingD.disappointing47.A.askB.guessC.recallD.learn48

.A.figuresB.methodsC.scoresD.chance49.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.MeanwhileD.Consequently50.A.activeB.calmC.silentD.alert51.A.serveanypurposeB.

takeanyadvantageC.makeanyprogressD.winanysupport52.A.inquiriesB.decisionsC.donationsD.comparisons53.A.ruinB.improveC.af

fectD.wait54.A.expenseB.riskC.effortD.wait55.A.provingB.challengingC.limitingD.understandingSectionBDirections:Read

thefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked

A,B,Candd.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.(A)Whathappensinaparticularclassonaparticulardaydependsonthei

nteractionsthatoccurbetweentheteacher,thestudents,andthematerialbeingstudied.Theclassroomcontext,generallyspeaking,includesallthosefactorstha

tinfluencewhathappensduringteachingandlearning.Thesefactorsoperateondifferentlevels.Thephysicalconte

xt,forexample,influenceswhathappensintheclassroom.Spacemayrestrictparticipation,dependingonhowateacherinterpretsthesituation.

Someteachersusetheirsurroundingstopromotelearning.Noticeboardsreflectthemesortopicsbeingstudied;adisplayareapresentsstudent

s’writtenworkforotherstoread.Ofcourse,someteachersremainunawareofthephysicalenvironmentthattheyandtheirstudentsi

nhabittogether.Aroom,afterall,isjustaroom.Yetthephysicalenvironmentoftheclassroomaffectsthenatureandtypeso

finteractionsthatwilloccur.Straightrowsoftables,forexample,arefavourabletoclassroomlecturesandturn-takingroutinesinwhichstudentsonebyone,recitean

swerstoateacher’squestions.Aroomisn’tjustaroomforteacherswhoseektomakethephysicalenvironmentsuitableforinteractivele

arning.Interactivelearninginvitesthinking,reading,writing,speaking,listening,andsharing.Suchclassroomsarearrangedforindividuals

ratherthanforthe“class”asawhole;theywelcomestudentsasactiveparticipants.Variousphysicalarrangementsencourageinteractivelearning,buttheydependonthesi

zeoftheroomandthefurniturethatisavailable.Aclasscanbeorganizedforindividual,group,orwhole-classactivities.Studentsareinitia

llyassignedseatsatacombinationofsmallandlargetables.However,whenthestudentsworkindividuallyoringroups,theyarefreetoaba

ndontheassignedseating.Thechalkboardoccupiesacentralpositionintheroomtoaccommodatewhole-classstudy.56.Accordingtothepassage,“the

physicalcontext”(paragraph2)mayinclude.A.teachers’rolesB.themesbeingstudiedC.adisplayareaD.students’participation57.Whichofthefollowing

isthemostsuitableforaclassroomlecture?A.B.C.D.58.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.A.classroomsshouldbearrangedforth

eclassasawholeB.thechalkboardshouldbeabandonedduringgroupworkC.seatingcanbechangedfordifferentclassroomactivitiesD.interactioncanb

eencouragedbycombiningsmallandlargetables59.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thephysicalclassroomenvironmentvari

eswithdifferenttypesofinteraction.B.Thephysicalenvironmentisadecidingfactorforasuccessfullesson.C.Interactivelearningdependsonindividuals’activeinv

olvement.D.Groupworkhasbecomeatrendinclassroomteaching.(B)•$15.00USD-8.5x11Paper•$24.00USD-11x17Paper•$30.00USD-13x19Paper•$45.00USD-1

7x22Paper•$95.00USD-24x30Paper•$185.00USD-34x47Paper•$70.00USD-17x22ExhibitionCanvas（帆布）•$140.00USD-24x30Exhibitio

nCanvas•$275.00USD-36x50ExhibitionCanvas•$350.00USD-44x61ExhibitionCanvas•$80.00USD-8.5x11Framed(Black)•$85.00

USD-8.5x11Framed(Brown)•$140.00USD-11x17Framed(Black)•$150.00USD-11x17Framed(Brown)•$215.00USD-17x22Framed(Bl

ack)•$225.00USD-17x22Framed(Brown)AGermantravelpostershowingtheImperialAddtoCartThisproductshipsforfree(bothinU.S.A

.andoverseas)CastleinNuremberg.IllustratedbyJuppWiertz,c.1930s.MadeinU.S.A./SatisfactionGuaranteedChristmasShippingDea

dlines•DomesticordersplacedbyDecember20willarriveforChristmas.•OverseasordersplacedbyDecember9willarriveforChristmas.•OvernightordersplacedbyDecem

ber22willarriveforChristmasforanadditionalfee.Framedorders(domesticoroverseas)requireadditionaltimefordelivery.Abou

tOurPaperWeusehigh-quality,acid-freepapersorheavyweightExhibitionGalleryCanvas.PaperSizesPapersizesar

eininches.Ifanimage’sdimensions（尺寸）don’texactlymatchthepaper’sdimensionstherewillbeawidermarginonthen

arrowestside.Thelongedgeonprints34x47andlargerwillvarydependingonthedimensionsofthephotoandmaybelongerthanthesizelisted.Custom（定制的）FramesWe’v

epartneredwithSimplyFramedtoofferhigh-qualitycustomframesmadeintheUSAPleaseallowanadditional3weeksfordelive

ry.Framescomeinblackorbrownwoodenfinishandincludeprotectivepaperbackfinish,wallbumpers,hanginghardware+nails,hangingandcareinstructions.Fr

amesarrivegift-wrappedinbrownpaper.Framedsalesarefinal.60.Ifyouwanttoordera17x22printoncanvaswithablackframe,howmuchareyoue

xpectedtopay?A.$45.00USD.B.$70.00USD.C.$215.00USD.D.$225.00SD.61.IfyouhopeyourframedorderwillreachyourfriendinGermanyforChristmas,you

’dbetterplaceyourorderby.A.December20B.December9C.November30D.November1962.Theaboveadvertisementismainlyintendedtopromote.A.apai

ntingexhibitionB.superiorprintsC.GermanyasaromanticdestinationD.high-qualitycustomframes(C)We’veallheardthed

angersofhelicopterparenting.Remainingtooinvolvedinakid’slife,especiallythroughoutcollege,canleadtodepression,lackofself-re

lianceandfeelingsofentitlement.Thiswisdomseemssound.Butsomeacademicsandeducatorsnowsaytheyseesignsofatroublingresistance.Theconcer

n:thattoomuchofwarningsandhorrorstories—thecoverofJulieLythcott-Haims’bestsellerHowtoRaiseanAdultinstructsmomsanddadstoavoid“theoverparenting

trap”—isdiscouragingparentsfromgettinginvolvedatall.“Yes,parentscanbeintruders,”saysMarjorieSavage,aresearcherintheUniv

ersityofMinnesota.“Atthesametime,thereareincreasingexamplesofparentsrefusingtostepupwhenstudentsgenuinelyneedtheirfamily.”AtHofstraUniversity

,forexample,parentsnowaskembarrassedlyaboutmental-healthandcampus-safetyresources,asifbringingupthosetopicswereforbidden,saysBrankaKristie,wh

oheadsthefamily-outreachprograms.AndSavagerecallstalkingtoamomwhokeptquietaboutherson’ssignsofdepressionunt

ilrightbeforehefailedasemester.Shedidnotwantto“helicopterin.”Thatmeanscolleges,whichhavespentthepastdecad

elearningtocopewithparentswhogettooinvolved,nowhaveadifferentproblem.Inrecentyears,hundredsofcollegeshaveeitherlaunchedorincre

asedtheirparentoffices,whichserveasone-stopshopsformomsanddadslookingtomakecomplaints,reportproblemandgenerallystayintouch.Muchofthisbegan,ofcourse,

becauseschoolswereforcedtocopewithagenerationofstudentsconnectedwiththeirparentslikeneverbefore.Onaverage,theycommunicate22.1timesperweek,accor

dingtoresearchfromBarbaraHofer,apsychologyprofessoratMiddleburyCollege.That’smorethantwicetherateofadecadeago,before

almosteverystudenthadasmartphone.Withsomemomsanddadsthinkingtwiceofcontactingtheschoolinthefirstplace,som

eprogramsarebeingusedtoencourageamorebalancedapproach,oftenthroughemailandothersocialmedia.Hofstra’sKristicadvisespar

entsto“beaguide,whilegrantingthatthestudentownsthejourney.”Thatmeansaskingquestions,listeningtoanswers,beingpatientandtrustingkidstor

esolvetheirownproblems.Butifissuespersist,orifastudentisinseriousmentalorphysicaldanger,italsomeanshoppinginthechopper,atleastforalittlew

hile.63.Inparagraph3,parentsofHofstraUniversitystudentsarementionedto.A.showthatparentshavegonetotheotherext

remeofoverparentingB.provideeducatorswithanewunderstandingofoverparentingC.giveafurtherexampleofsupportiveoverparenting

D.placeemphasisonthenecessityofoverparenting64.Thephrase“hoppinginthechopper”inthelastparagraphrefersto.A.havingtrustinkidsB.steppingin

tosolvekids’problemsC.joiningafamily-outreachprogramD.turningtosocialmediaforhelp65.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Mental-healthandcam

pus-safetyresourcesareforbiddentopicsamongparents.B.HowtoRaiseanAdultencouragesparentstogetengagedinfamilyeducation.C.Overparentingisnolongeraprob

lembecauseofstudents’self-reliance.D.Therewaslessstudent-parentcommunicationinthepastthantoday.66.Whichofthefollowingisth

ebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhyCollegesNeedHelicopterParentsB.HowtoImproveParent-schoolRelationsC.WhyOverparentingIsinQ

uestionD.HowtoCommunicateMoreasParentsSectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiven

inthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thetwotypesofcomicsarecreatedinverydifferentwa

ys.B.Butforpeoplewholovecomicbooks,theycanbeafantasticescapefromthetoughrealitiesofmodernlife.C.Theyfindithardtounderstandwhycomicbook

sappealsomanypeople.D.ComicshavelostitscharminAmerica.E.InJapan,thecontrastcouldn’tbegreater.F.Mangaheroeslooksma

ller,youngerthanall-conqueringAmericanheroeswhohavelargemusclesandlotsofthemedclothes.JapaneseandAmericanComicBookHeroesTosomepeople,theideaofrea

dingcomicbooksseemschildish.67Comicsarepublishedglobally,butJapaneseandAmericanversionsdominatethemark

etdespitethefact—orperhapsbecause—theydifferinanumberofways.68Americancomicsareagroupeffort,beginning

withthestory-writingteamandtheartistwhoproducesdrawingsofinitialideas.Whenthesedraftsarefinalized,theoutlines,dialogue,andcolorareadde

d.Also,creatorsofcomicsuperheroessometimesselltheirtitlestoothercreativeteams,whokeepthesuperhero“alive.”Thisisinsharpcontrastt

omanga（日本漫画）creators,whoareoftenindividualauthorsmerelyresponsibleforthestorylines,dialogue,andartwork.Whenamangacreatordecidestostop,sodoesthehe

ro.Anotherdifferenceistheappearanceoftheheroes.69Also,mangaheroesrarelylookJapanese,andthestoriesdonottypicallyt

akeplaceinaJapanesecontext.However,Americancomicheroes,despitetheirmasks,areproudlyAmericanandareadmiredfortheirreadinesst

odefendU.S.cities.Probablythebiggestdifferenceisthereadership.Upuntilthe1950s,Americancomicbookswerereadbybothchildrenanda

dults,withpopulartitlessuchasSupermansellingasmanyashalfamillioncopiespermonth.ThearrivalofTV,however,ledtoadeclineinsalessoth

atnowtheaveragereaderofanAmericancomicbookisateenageboywithaninterestinsuperheroes.70Theremangasalesarestillboomin

g,reachingashighas$7billioneachyearlargelybecausereadersrangefromyoungboysandgirlsuptomiddle-agedmenandwomen.Mangaformenandboys,liketheAmericanc

omics,tendtobeaction-oriented,whilemangaforwomenandgirlstendtobefocusedonrelationships.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollow

ingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ShynessIfyousufferfromshyness,youa

renotalone,forshynessisauniversalphenomenon.Itisnotsurprisingthatsocialscientistsareexploringitsenvironmentalcauses.Th

efirstenvironmentalcauseofshynessmaybeachild’shomeandfamilylife.Today’schildrenaregrowingupinsmallerandsmallerfamilies,w

ithfewerandfewerrelativeslivingnearby.Growingupinhomesinwhichbothparentsworkfulltime,childrenmaynothavethesocializingexperienceoffrequent

visitsbyneighborsandfriends.Becauseoftheirlackofsocialskills,theymaybegintofeelshywhentheystartschool.Asecondenvironmentalcauseofshynessinani

ndividualmaybeone’sculture.InalargestudyconductedinJapan,57percentofparticipantsratedthemselvesasshy.ResearchersLynneHen

dersonandPhilipZimbardosay,“OneexplanationisthatinJapan,anindividual’sperformancesuccessiscreditedexternallytoparents,gr

andparents,teachers,coaches,andothers,whilefailureisentirelyblamedontheperson.”Therefore,Japaneselearnnottotakerisksinpublicandrelyinsteadongrou

p-shareddecisions.Technologymayalsoplayarole.IntheUnitedStates,thenumberofyoungpeoplewhoreportbeingshyhasrisenfrom40perc

entto50percentinrecentyears.Duetoourhugeadvancesintechnology,watchingtelevision,playingvideogames,andsurfi

ngtheWebhavereplacedrecreationalactivitiesthatinvolvesocialinteractionformanyyoungpeople.Adults,too,arebecomingmore

isolatedasaresultoftechnology.Face-to-faceinteractionswithbankclerks,gasstationattendants,andshopassistantsarenolon

gernecessarybecausepeoplecanusemachinestodotheirbanking,filltheirgastanks,andordergoods.Inshort,theybeco

meshy.Itappearsthatmostpeoplehaveexperiencedshynessatsometimeintheirlives.Therefore,ifyouareshy,youhavelotsofcompany.

V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.你不必在乎他人对你的评论。(care)73.大量阅读书籍有助于我们的成长。

(expose)74.你的网站内容越实用，使用起来越方便，就越有可能成功。(themore…,themore…)75.正因为她按部就班地实现了每一个短期目标，才会在科学领域不断有所突破。(It)VI.Guide

dWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是

明启中学的学生王磊，你的好友李宏今年暑期将赴英国参加为期两个月的海外交流活动。如果选择主办方安排的住宿，他需要额外支付较高的费用。但他也可以通过为当地社区养老院提供每月三十小时的义工服务，获得在养老院免费住宿的机

会。李宏通过邮件向你征求意见。写一封回信，内容须包括：1.你对此事的明确态度；2.你的理由。