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SectionⅢGrammar——现在完成时的被动语态语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.Jan'slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.2.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersofthe
WorldWideWeb.3.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmedbyyou?4.Theinkhasnotbeenremovedfromtheclothes.1.例句1、2中的谓语是由“has+been+done”构成
的现在完成时的被动语态的肯定形式。2.例句3中的谓语是由“has+been+done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的疑问形式。3.例句4中的谓语是由“has+not+been+done”构成的现在完成时的被动语态的否定形式。一、现在完成时的被动
语态的构成have/has+been+过去分词二、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式肯定式主语+have/hasbeendone...否定式主语+have/hasnotbeendone...一般疑问式Have/H
as+主语+beendone...?特殊疑问式疑问词+have/has+主语+beendone...?Thecityhasbeensweptthroughbyheatwaverecently.最近炎热横扫了这座城市
。Hisworkhasnotbeenfinished.他的工作尚未完成。Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?新的订票制度已在使用中了吗?Howlonghasthebatt
erynotbeenchanged?电池多久没有更换了?[即时训练1]根据要求变换句子Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.①将上面的句子变为否定句。Thechil
drenhaven'tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?③对上面的句子中的thechildren进行提问。Whohasbeentoldtheg
oodnewsyet?三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。通常与already,yet,never,recently等副词及时间状语sofar,bynow,up
tillnow,before...等连用。Theworkhasalreadybeenfinished.工作已完成了。(结果是现在不用做这项工作了)Thedoctorhasn'tbeensentforyet.还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生)2.表示一个被动的
动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并有可能持续下去。常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于Howlong...?句型中。Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修)3.用在时间或条件等状语
从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.你的任务一完成就可以回家。[即时训练2]单句语
法填空①Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshavebeenproduced(produce)allovertheworld.②Thoughwedon'tknowwhatwasdiscussed,yetwecanfeelthetopichasbe
enchanged(change).四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclasty
ear.去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已经开放了)2.非延续性动词如borrow,fini
sh,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。Theworkwasfinishedtwoweeksago.这项工作在两周前已经完成。Theworkhasbeenfinishe
d.这项工作已经完成。3.动词短语动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持完整性,其中的介词或副词不可省略。Itissaidthattheproblemhasbeenlookedinto.据说已经调查了这个问题。4.带有复合宾语的动词变
为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意:原来作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.→Theyhavebeentoldtohelpy
ou.5.带有双宾语的动词如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时,
间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadh
asbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).[即时训练3]单句语法填空①Thebridgenearthevillagewasbuilt(build)lastyear.②Nobook
shavebeenbought(buy)sincelastweek.③Anemailhasbeensent(send)tomebynow.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thedictionaryisoutofdate:manywordshavebeena
dded(add)tothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.2.Inrecentyears,stresshasbeenregarded(regard)asacauseofawh
olerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.3.WhenIreachedthestation,theticketshadbeensold(sell)out.4.Thisb
ookhasbeentranslated(translate)intomanylanguagessofar.5.Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned(clean),youneedn'tcleanitnow.6.Theseflowershavebeenwatered(water)
,youcangohome.7.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhathasbeenmarked(mark).8.Thehousewaswash
ed(wash)awaybythestormyesterday.9.Thecomputerhasbeenrepaired(repair)fortwodays.10.Howmanynewwordshavebeenlearned(learn)bythestud
entsuptonow?Ⅱ.用被动语态改写句子1.Thestormhascausedmillionsofpounds'worthofdamage.→Millionsofpounds'worthofdamage
hasbeencausedbythestorm.2.Theyhaveaskedhimsomedifficultquestions.→Somedifficultquestionshavebeenaskedbythem.3.
Tomhasgivenmetwoticketsforthenewplay.Wouldyouliketogowithme?→Ihavebeengiventwoticketsforthenewplay.Woul
dyouliketogowithme?4.Theyhaven'twateredtheflowersforseveraldays.→Theflowershaven'tbeenwateredforseveraldays.5
.Ihavemadehimworkhard.→Hehasbeenmadetoworkhard.