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必修5Unit1Greatscientists一、单句语法填空1．(2019年北京卷·阅读理解D)Warmingchangeskey________(character)oftheoceanandcanaffectphytoplankton(浮

游植物)growth.2．(2019年天津卷·阅读理解C)Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweak________(link)ratherthanafewstrongones.3．Absorbed________paint

ing,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.4．Ourappetitefornewproductsalsocontributes________theproblem.5．Thatmixture,accordingtoBernard,setsth

eelevatorride________fromjustabouteveryothersituationwefindourselvesinaswegoaboutourlives.6．(2019年新课标Ⅱ卷·语法填空)Wedon'thaveanyideawhoputgrandma____

____．7．See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain！Itdoesn'tmake________tobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdo

llars.8．ThetermNiggerJim,forwhichthenovelisoften________(severe)criticized,neverappearsinit.9．(2019年江苏卷·任务型阅读)Adjustingtoanuprightpos

itionwasquitea________(challenge),especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra­largeskull.10．OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheoffice______

__sherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.二、单句改错1．(2017年新课标Ⅲ卷·七选五型阅读理解)Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemornin

gandputablameonthealarmclock.________________________________________________________________________2．Ialwayshavesomanythingstoattend

whenIcomebacktothecompanyafteratripabroad.____________________________________________________________

____________3．Absorbinginthebookshewasreading,Marydidn'tnoticemeapproaching.________________________________________

________________________________4．(2019年浙江卷·阅读理解C)Manyfactorscontributetothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy._

_______________________________________________________________________5．Icannotbecomeasuccessfulwriterwithoutenthusiastic.___________

_____________________________________________________________6．TheteachercuredhimhisbadhabitsandhemadegreatprogressinEnglish.________________

________________________________________________________7．Youngpeoplemayriskgoingdeafiftheyareexposedveryloudmusiceveryday.______________________

__________________________________________________8．Inthecompany,payincreasesarelinkedatperformance._________________________________

_______________________________________9．(2019年江苏卷·任务型阅读)Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristic.____________

____________________________________________________________10．Thereisnosenseinforceyourselftogetwhatyoudon'twant.___________________________________

_____________________________________三、完形填空(2018年吉林省长春市七校第一次联考)JakeOlsonlosthislefteyewhenhewaseightmonthsoldbecauseofaborncancer.__1__itw

ascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappearedand__2__thelossofhisrighteye.Butafteryearsofcheeringforhisfavour

itefootballteam,Jakehas__3__theimpossibledream.He'snowapartoftheteam,despitehistotal__4__，playingthegamenotbasedonsigh

tbuton__5__．Beinga__6__fanoftheUSCTrojans,oneofJake'slast__7__beforehelosthiseyewastowatchtheteamplayatNotreDame.Hisstronglikingfort

hesportdidn'tgo__8__—formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,invitinghimtomeetthe__9__．Inspiredbythoseplayers,Jakehopedtob

e__10__inhisschool'sfootballteam.Atfirsthedidn'tthinkhewouldbeofanyreal__11__，butwhenheheardpeople'scheersfor

footballplayers,hisloveforfootballstrengthened.SoJake__12__thecoach,askingtojointheteam.Thecoachtoldhimto__13__thenextseason.SoJakespenthi

stimepracticinghard.__14__，hebecameastarterontheteaminthenextseason.Havingmadehishighschoolfootballteam,itdidn'tseemtoo__15__todothesameincollege.C

oachSteveagreedthatJake__16__therequirementsoftheteam.SoJake'sdreamcametrue.__17__football,Jakeisalsoamotivationalspeaker.“Iwentin

tofootballwiththethoughtthatIhadnothingto__18__，”Jakesaid,“Ireallyhadnofear.Goingthrough__19__inlifedoesmakeyoustronger.Life'

sunfair,butit__20__menottogiveupandkeepfighting.”1．A.UnlessB．ThoughC．OnlyifD．Nowthat2．A.backedoffB．heldbackC．brokedownD．ledto3．A.forgott

enB．quittedC．realizedD．ignored4．A.blindnessB．absenceC．deafnessD．innocence5．A.abilityB．guessC．feelingsD

．imagination6．A.responsibleB．faithfulC．carefulD．temporary7．A.chancesB．promisesC．coursesD．wishes8．A.unnoticedB．unsolvedC．u

nreportedD．unlimited9．A.leadersB．playersC．fansD．coaches10．A.occupiedB．involvedC．trappedD．absorbed11．

A.interestB．hopeC．useD．concern12．A.approachedB．appreciatedC．recognizedD．greeted13．A.pullthroughB．setoutC．leaveoffD．comeback14．A.Gra

duallyB．FinallyC．RecentlyD．Accidentally15．A.difficultB．accessibleC．attractiveD．necessary16．A.refreshe

dB．completedC．satisfiedD．acquired17．A.ApartfromB．InsteadofC．RegardlessofD．Exceptfor18．A.shareB．loseC．

offerD．desire19．A.failuresB．challengesC．competitionsD．fears20．A.warnsB．begsC．convincesD．teaches四、语法填空(2018

年江西省名校联盟检测)TraditionalChinesecultureisbeginningtocapturetheattentionoftheworld.Kungfu,1.________(especial),hashadagreateffect2.________millionso

fpeoplewhofirstlearnedaboutChinathroughit.Duetokungfu,theymaycometoChinaandlearnaboutsomeother3.________(aspect)ofitsculture.OtherAsiannat

ionshavelongknownaboutthe4.________(great)ofancientChineseculture.Theirownculturesare5.________mixofnativeonesandChinesecharacteristics.Ko

reaandJapanlongagoadoptedConfucianism,somethingthatcontinuestodayevenifit6.________(challenge)bypopculture.Thisstrengthcomesfromt

heideas7.________(give)intheFourBooksofConfucianism,whichwasbasedontheideasofaneven8.________(much)ancientperiodcodifie

d(编纂)intheFiveClassics.Fromthem,theWestlearns9.________isuniquelyChinese,forexample,fengshui.SofarChinahastakensteps10.________(further)thisspread

ofitsculturebyestablishingChineseCulturalCentersinsuchplacesastheUnitedStatesandEurope.五、七选五型阅读理解(2019年湖北省黄冈中学高三三模)Duringhis2009TEDGlobaltal

k,soundconsultantJulianTreasuresaidtherearefourmajorwaysthatsoundaffectshuman.Whatdofirealarms,carnoisesandalarmclocksallh

aveincommon?Theirsoundaffectsusphysiologically(生理上地).__1__Heartrateincreasesandbreathquickensasthebodypreparestofightapossible

threatorrunforsurvival.Butaphysiologicalresponsetosoundisn'talwaysupsetting.Therhythmic(有节奏的)frequencyofoceanwavesroughlymat

chestherhythmofasleepingperson'sbreathing.__2__Thesecondwaysoundaffectsusispsychological—itmakesusfeel.Haveyoueverheardapieceofmusicthatmakesyou

sad?Whetherit'sasadsongthatbringstearstoyoureyesorafunnysongthatmakesyoulaugh,musiccanmakeusfeelarangeofem

otions.__3__Whenwehearthecomfortingsingingofbirds,weknowthingsaregoodandsafe.__4__Thebraintriestogetmeaningfromthewordsandsentenceswehear.Whenyourmo

m,dad,andlittlebrotherarealltalkingatonceatthedinnertable,thecompetingvoicesmakeithardtofocus.Ourbrainshaveaverys

mallbandwidthforprocessingauditory(听觉的)input,saysTreasure.Nowonderit'sannoyingwhensomeonekeepstalkingduringamovie!Finally

,soundmaycausebehavioralchanges.__5__Peopletendtowalkawayfromloudorannoyingsoundsandtowardpleasantsounds.Nexttimeafireenginescrea

mspast,birdsstartsingingoryouhearasorrowfulpopsong,stop,listen,andthinkaboutthemanywayssoundinfluencesyou.A．Al

so,soundaffectshowwethink.B．Birdsongalsoaffectsuspsychologically.C．Inotherwords,theymakeourbodiesreact.D．Unpleasantsoundsaffectourphysicalhealth

.E．Infact,somemusiccanputyouinagoodmood.F．Driverswholistentofast­pacedmusicmayspeedup.G．Whenweheartheocea

nriseandfall,thesoundrelaxesourbodies.必修5Unit1Greatscientists能力检测一、1.characteristics2.links3.in4.to5.apart6．

forward7.sense8.severely9.challenge10.did二、1.a→the2.attend后加to3.Absorbing→Absorbed4．contribute→contribu

ted5.enthusiastic→enthusiasm6．him后加of7.exposed后加to8.at→to9．characteristic→characteristics10.force→forcing三、本文是一篇记叙文。JakeOlson双目失明，但这并没

有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且还是一位励志演讲人。1．B根据下文的“itwascontrolledthroughtreatments,itreappeared...”可知，此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(ledto)Jak

eOlson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，应用though。故选B。2．D参见上题解析。backoff退缩，退却；holdback抑制，阻止；breakdown出故障，崩溃；leadto导致。故选D。3．C句意

：但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jake'sdreamcametrue”亦是提示。forget忘记；quit放弃；ignore忽视。故选C。4．A根据上文中的“losthislefteye”“thelossofhisrigh

teye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness)。absence缺席；deafness聋；innocence天真。故选A。5．C根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feelings)。ability能力；guess猜测；imaginat

ion想象。故选C。6．B根据语境及上文的“yearsofcheeringforhisfavouritefootballteam”可知，此处指作为USCTrojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在NotreDame的比赛。responsible负责

任的；faithful忠实的；careful细心的；temporary临时的。故选B。7．D参见上题解析。8．A根据下文的“formerUSCcoachPetereachedtheboy,invitinghi

mto...”可知，此处指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed未被注意的，被忽视的；unsolved未解决的；unreported未报道的；unlimited无限制的，无条件的。故选A。9．B根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝，想

观看球队比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspiredbythoseplayers”是关键的提示信息。故选B。10．B句意：受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希

望自己能够加入学校的橄榄球队。beoccupiedin忙于；beinvolvedin参与，参加；betrappedin被困在；beabsorbedin全神贯注于。故选B。11．C此处指尽管Jake想加入学

校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。故选C。12．A句意：因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach靠近，接洽；appreciate感激，欣赏；recognize认出，认可；greet问候。故选A。13．D根据下文

的“thenextseason...hebecameastarterontheteaminthenextseason”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pullthrough痊愈，康复；setout动身踏上；leaveoff停止；comeback回来，返回。故选D。

14．B由上文可知Jake花时间刻苦练习，此处指他最后在下个赛季，成了球队的上场球员。gradually逐渐地；finally最后，终于；recently最近；accidentally偶然地，意外地。故选B。1

5．A根据上文的“Havingmadehishighschoolfootballteam”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，Jake成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult困难的；accessible可接近的；att

ractive吸引人的；necessary必要的。故选A。16．C根据句中的“CoachSteveagreed”及下文中的“SoJake'sdreamcametrue”可知，此处指Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Jake加入大学球队的梦想实现了。ref

resh更新；complete完成；satisfy满足；acquire获得。故选C。17．A根据下文的“Jakeisalsoamotivationalspeaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake也是一位励志演讲人。apartfro

m除……之外(还有)；insteadof而不是；regardlessof不管；exceptfor除……之外。故选A。18．B根据语境及下文的“Ireallyhadnofear”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始

打橄榄球的。故选B。19．BJake身有残疾，所以要面对生活中的许多挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure失败；competition竞争；fear恐惧。故选B。20．D根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它教会了Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn警告；

beg乞求；convince说服；teach教，使明白。故选D。四、本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国传统文化对世界的影响。1．especially句意：尤其是中国功夫，对于那些通过功夫初次了解中国的成千上万的人来讲，有着非常大的影响。especiall

y尤其是，用于强调突出的人或者事情。2．onhavea．..effectonsb.对某人有……影响。3．aspects句意：他们可能会来到中国，了解中国文化的一些其他方面。根据someother及aspect作“方面，层面”讲时是可数名词，此处应用aspect的复数形式aspects。4．g

reatness句意：其他亚洲国家很早以前就知道古代中国文化的博大。根据空前的the及空后的of可知，此处应填名词greatness。5．a句意：这些国家自身的文化是本土文化和中国特色(文化)的混合。mix在此做名词，意为

“混合，结合”，是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，故用a。6．ischallenged根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时可知，此处也用一般现在时；it在此指代上文中的Confucianism，和challenge之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故

填ischallenged。7．given句意：这种力量来自“四书”中所提供的观念。theideas与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词做后置定语。8．more“四书”是依照“五经”的编纂中所体现的更为早期的思想而

著成的。根据句意及空前的even可知，此处应用比较级形式。故填more。9．what分析句子结构可知，空格处在此引导宾语从句，做learns的宾语，空格处在从句中做主语，且此处表示“……的事物”。故填what。10．tofurther句意：目前，中国已经采取措施进一步推广中国文

化，中国在美国和欧洲建立了中国文化中心。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中做目的状语，应用动词不定式形式。故填tofurther。五、本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了声音如何从生理上和心理上影响我们。1．C空前讲述了一些声音的共同特征，空后讲述了我们身体的反应。C项起到了承上启下的作用，符合此处语境。故选C

。2．G空前讲述了海浪的频率与人睡眠时的呼吸节奏大致吻合，G项提到了人体听到海浪声时的反应，符合此处语境。故选G。3．B空格后讲述了我们听到鸟叫声时的心理感受，B项提到鸟鸣会对人产生心理影响，符合此处语境。故选B。4．A空格后讲述了声音是如何影响我们思考、获取信息的

。A项符合此处语境。故选A。5．F空格前讲述了声音可能会导致行为变化。G项提到了司机听到快节奏的音乐可能会加速，符合此处语境。故选F。