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二、文章或段落大意题(2019·6月浙江，C)Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s，accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorf

actor(因素)．Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniafor

ests，thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected，fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.Inth

eSierrahighcountry，thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent；inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasne

arly75percent.Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline，saidPatrickMcIntyre，anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.W

oodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniafore

stscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源)．ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniafore

stsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010，McIntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevident

eveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedth

egreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchthey

needed，takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall，airtemperature，dampnessofsoil，andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪)．Si

ncethe1930s，McIntyresaid，thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures，whichcausetreestolos

emorewatertotheair，andearliersnowmelt，whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.语篇解读文章主要讲述了美国加

利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。27．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theseriousnessofbig­treelossinCalifornia.B．TheincreasingvarietyofCa

liforniabigtrees.C．ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.D．TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifor

nia.答案A解析段落大意题。根据第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故

选A项。28．Whichofthefollowingiswell­intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?A．Ecologicalstudiesofforests.B．Banningwoodcutting.C．Limitinghousingd

evelopment.D．Firecontrolmeasures.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Aggressivewildfirecontrol...competewithbigtreesforresou

rces(资源)．”可知，声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D项。29．Whatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccording

toMcIntyre?A．Inadequatesnowmelt.B．Alongerdryseason.C．Awarmerclimate.D．Dampnessoftheair.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Sincethe1930s，McIntyresa

id...havebeenrisingtemperatures...reducesthewatersupply”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C项。30．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．

California’sForests：WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?B．CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoonC．WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforn

iaForests?D．PatrickMcIntyre:GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia答案A解析标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全

文。一、题型解读说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)Whatisthemaintheme/topic/ideaofthis/thepassage/

text?(2)Whatdoesthetext/passagemainlyfocuson?(3)Thepassage/textismainlyabout.(4)Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageis.(5)Thepassagemainly

focuseson.二、解题技巧——“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句

的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显的主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见

的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述——归纳主题

——进一步解释。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：(1)段落中出现表示转折的词汇(如however，but，infact，actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。(3)作者有意

识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。(4)表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore，thus，inshort，conclude，conclusion等词。例如：【真题感悟】中第27题。

根据第二段中“Thenumberoftrees...declinedby50percent...morethan55percent...75percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A项。A

(2019·河北衡水中学押题卷二)Astheparentofa7­year­oldboy，sometimesIfeellike“no”ismymost4frequentlysaidword.ButifIlookhonestlyatthebig6pictu

reofmydailyvocabulary，Iprobablywouldconcludethatitactuallycontainstoomuch“yes”．Sayingyesmeansopeningmyselfuptonewexperiences，invitingnewo

rdeeperrelationships.Buttoomuch“yes”leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(过分受约束的)andpowerlesstosetand1maintainboundari

esinourlives.ThishadbeenonmymindwhenTheBookofNo：365WaystoSayItandMeanIt—andStopPeople­PleasingForevercameacrossmydesk.Theneweditionofthisdecade­oldb

ookbypsychologistSusanNewmanisamust­readbookforthoseofuswhostruggletosay“no”withauthenticity，confidenceandkindness.Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedt

osayyesalltheirwaythroughlife“people­pleasers”．Thechiefsymptomsofthisconditionincludeassociatinghelpingotherswithyourself­res

pect，holdingexpectationsthatyouwillcareforothersandfeelingunwillingtostateyourownneedswhenarequestcomesyourway.For

people­pleasers，“yesisthepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，”Newma

nwrites.8Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinanc

ialpressurestoemotionalboundaries.Newmanconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.Readingthroug

hthescenarios，Irealizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy“no”skill

s.Doyouthinkthisbookmightbehelpfultoyou？It’sOKiftheansweris“no”，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.语篇解读在日常生活中，说“是”意味着让自己接受新的体验

，迎接新的或更深层次的关系。但是，太多的“是”会让我们感到焦虑、过分受约束、无力在生活中设定和维持界限。本文建议我们学会用积极的方式说“不”。1．Whydoestheauthorincludehisownperson

alexperienceinParagraph1?A．Toblamehimself.B．Toshowhowtoguidekids.C．Totellhislikesanddislikes.D．Tohelprecommendab

ook.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Buttoomuch‘yes’leavesanyofusfeelinganxious，overcommitted(过分受约束的)andpowerlesst

osetandmaintainboundariesinourlives.”和第二段内容可知，作者在第一段中包含了他自己的个人经历是为了推荐一本书。故选D。2．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph3?A．Howtod

ealwitharequest.B．Whyaskersturntoothersforafavor.C．Whypeople­pleaserssay“yes”toooften.D．Howtostrengthenr

elationshipswithaskers.答案C解析段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Newmancallspeoplewhofeelforcedtosayyesalltheirwaythroughlife‘people­pleasers’．”和“Forpeople­pleasers，‘yesist

hepathofleastresistanceandthewaytoavoiddamagingyourrelationshipwiththeasker，’Newmanwrites.”可知，第三段主要谈论的是“为什么取悦别人的人总是说‘是’”。故选C。3．Whatdoes

theunderlinedword“scenarios”inPara.4probablymean?A．Occasions.B．Processes.C．Adventures.D．Stories.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“Newma

nconsiderswhatcameaboutamongfriends，atwork，withinfamiliesandinparenting.(Newman考虑了朋友、工作、家庭和养育子女之间的关系。)Readingthroughthescenarios，Irea

lizedtheyhavesomethingsincommon—thingsthatimmediatelystartedhelpingmeimprovemy‘no’skills.”(通过阅读这些场景，我意识到他们有一些共同的事情，这些事情立即开始帮助我提高我的

“不”技能。)可知画线词的意思是“场合，场景”。故选A。4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodo?A．Givenoresponsetoanydemand.B．Learntosay“n

o”inapositiveway.C．Keepopenallchannelsofcommunication.D．Say“yes”constantlywithoutfeelingguilty.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“Doyouthinkthisbookmigh

tbehelpfultoyou?It’sOKiftheansweris‘no’，butIdohighlyrecommenditforyourPositiveReadingListshelf.”可知，作者建议我们学会用积极的方

式说“不”。故选B。B(2019·山西大学附中模拟)BluePlanetⅡ’slatestepisodefocusesonhowplasticishavingadisastrouseffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.Resear

chersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth，theMarianaTrench，haveplasticintheirstomachs.Ind

eed，theoceansaredrowninginplastic.Thoughitseemsnowthattheworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics，consumerplas

ticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s；thesamedecadethatplasticpackagingbegangaininginpopularityintheUnite

dStates.Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresear

ch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience.Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironmentandwestilldon’treallyknowwhatthe5outcomesaregoin

gtobe.Whatwedoknow，though，is2disturbing.Oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，a

reknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundwithplasticin

theirbellies.Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis.By2050，that7figureisexpectedtoriseto100percent.Andit’snotjust

wildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas.Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplastica

sadisaster，worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Thereareno

oceantrashdeniers(否认者)，atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedon’thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem.Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon’tknowwhatthe

solutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodispose(处理)ofit.Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebe

foreweusesingle­useplasticproducts.9Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whentaken3collectiv

ely，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了《蓝色星球Ⅱ》的最新一集关注的是塑料如何对海洋产生灾难性影响，如何慢慢毒害我们的海洋生物。研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球上最深处——马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物的胃里

有塑料。的确，海洋被塑料淹没了。5．Whyisplasticspollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience?A．Theplasticspollutionresearchistoodifficult.B．Plasticshaveproducedlesspol

lutionthancoal.C．Theworldcouldn’tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics.D．Plasticshavegainedinpopularitytoofastforsci

encetocatchup.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，虽然现在看来，没有塑料世界是不可能运转的，但消费塑料却是最近才发明的。第一个塑料袋是在20世纪50年代问世的，就在塑料包装在美国开始流行的那十年里，塑料包装的数量增长得如此之快，以至于科学仍在跟上这一变化。

例如，塑料污染研究仍然是一门非常早期的科学。由此可知，塑料普及得太快了，科学跟不上。故选D。6．HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3?A．Bystatistics.B．Byquotationsfromleadingexperts

.C．Byusingexamplesfromhisownexperience.D．Bycomparisonandcontrast.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段介绍：我们把所有这些塑料投入到环境中，但我们仍然不知道会产生什么结果。然而，我们所知道的是令人不安的。据估计，海洋塑料每年会杀死数百

万的海洋动物。据了解，包括濒危生物在内的近700种物种已被证实受到影响。有三分之一的棱皮龟胃里都有塑料制品，它们经常把塑料袋误认为水母。目前，90%的海鸟经常吃塑料制品。到2050年，这一数字有望上升到

100%。由此可知，作者是通过统计的方法来支持自己的观点的。故选A。7．Whatcanweinferaboutclimatechange?A．Climatechangeiscausedbyhumanactivities.B．So

mepeopleholdsomedoubtsaboutclimatechange.C．Climatechangeislessimportantthanoceanpollution.D．Oceanpla

sticismorecomplicatedthanclimatechange.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseeoceanplasticasa

disaster,worthmentioningtothesamedegreeasclimatechange.Butoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantras

hdeniers(否认者),atleastsofar.(我可以理解为什么有些人把海洋塑料视为灾难，这和气候变化一样值得提及。海洋塑料不像气候变化那么复杂。没有海洋垃圾否认者，至少到目前为止是这样)”可推知，有些人对气候变化持怀疑态度。故选B。8．Whatisthemainide

aofthispassage?A．Oceanplasticisaglobalissue.B．Theoceansbecomechokedwithplastic.C．BluePlanetⅡhasleftviewersheartbroken.D．Plasti

csgaininpopularityallovertheworld.答案B解析主旨大意题。文章介绍了塑料如何对海洋产生灾难性影响，如何慢慢毒害我们的海洋生物。研究人员最近还发现，生活在地球上最深处——马里亚纳海沟的海洋生物的胃里有塑料。的确，海洋被塑料淹没了，由此可知，文

章大意讲塑料充斥着海洋。故选B。Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1．Partofmyjobistomaintainagoodrelationshipwithoursuppliers.维持2．I

’velookedupalotofinformationaboutsmokingandI’vefoundoutsomedisturbingfacts，includingsomedeathcases.令

人困扰的3．Toachieveourgoals，weshouldteamupwitheachotherandworkcollectively.共同地，集体地(二)同义词语替换4．Theresearchshowedthatstudentswhofrequentlytextduringclas

sarelesslikelytoachievetheiracademicgoals.often5．ItookpartinanEnglishcompetitionafewweeksagobutunexpectedly，theoutcomewasdepressing.result/conseq

uence(三)一词多义6．picturen．图片；照片v．想象，设想；描绘(1)Ican’tpicturehimskiing.Heissoclumsyinhissuits.v.想象(2)Speechisthepictureofthemind.n.图片7．figuren．数

字；体形，身材；人物；雕像，塑像；图形；人影v．计算；认为，估计(1)Accordingtothelatestfigures，itissafetoconcludethattheeconomyisgraduallyrecoveringfromthedecline.n.数字(2)Ihav

efiguredouthowmuchduringtheweekIspent.v.计算(3)Ifigurethatwearingasuitmakesyoulooklikeabankclerk.v.认为(4)Lisawasveryfrightenedasshesawafigureinthedarkn

ess.n.人影(5)Itiswidelyacceptedthataslimfigureiswhatmostwomenarelongingfor.n.体形，身材Ⅱ.长难句理解8．Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundreds

ofscenariosinwhich“no”istherightanswer，forreasonsrangingfromtimemanagementtofinancialpressurestoemotionalboundari

es.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句。主句是Thebookoffersbriefdialoguesforhundredsofscenarios；inwhich引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词scenarios，inwhich相当于“where”。rangingfrom...为v.­ing短语作定语，

修饰名词reasons。[精美译文]这本书提供了数百个场景的简短对话，在这些场景中，“不”是正确的答案，说“不”的原因包括时间管理、经济压力和情感边界。9．Thingsthatmayseemordinary，likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag—whenta

kencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.[句式分析]本句为并列句，由破折号连接。破折号之前的主干为Thingsthatmayseemordinary

，like表示“例如”。破折号后面的主句为thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference,其中makeadifference表示“有重大意义，有重大影响”；whentakencollectively实际上是状语从

句的省略，构成“连词＋过去分词”的结构。[精美译文]看似普通的事情，比如使用可重复使用的瓶子或可重复使用的袋子——当大家都选择这样做时，那么就会对我们的环境有重大意义。强化练(十九)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2019·河

南安阳二模)Wolvesstrikefearintotheheartsofmanyspecies，humansincluded.Ourfearofthemhasbroughtthemtotheedgeofdyingout，as

wehavecruellykilledthemascompetitorsandtrouble­makers.Butresearchersarediscoveringthattheveryfeartheyputintoprey(被捕食者)speciesisexactly

whathelpsmakeecosystems(生态)healthy.YellowstoneNationalParkisatypicalexampleofjusthowwolvescanhelprepairanecosystem.AnOctober2018studyanal

yzed40yearsofresearchonlargeanimalsinsidethepark.“Yellowstonehasbenefitedfromthereintroductionofwolvesinwaysthatwedidnotanticipate，espe

ciallythecomplexityofbiologicalinteractions(互动)inthepark，”explainedMarkBoyce，aprofessorintheDepartmentofBiologicalSciences.“Wew

erereallysurprisedatthatandwe’dneverhaveseentheseresponsesiftheparkhadn’tadoptedecological­processmanagement—allowingnaturalecologicalpro

cessestotakeplacewithleasthumanintervention.”Afterthewolveswerere­introducedatYellowstone，willowandcottonwoodtreesincreasedinnumber.Thepo

pulationofbearsandbisonalsoroseandwhatwasoncearulingdeer­wolfinteractionisnowmorediverse.Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebenef

icial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfluencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologi

callydiverseandhealthy.Inthisdocumentary，biologistAaronWirsingexploredwhywolvesandothertoppredators(捕食者)wereneededfordiverseeco

systemstodevelop.Usingasimplevideocamera，Wirsingisgainingauniqueviewpointonpredator­preyrelationshipsandchangingthewaywethinkabo

utwolves.Theresearchisonemorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundre

dsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.Thefeartheybringalongmaybetheveryanglethathelpssavethemfromdyingout.语篇解读本

文是一篇说明文。研究表明，人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的，其中黄石公园对狼的引进就是一个典型的例子。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anticipate”inParagrap

h3probablymean?A.Expect.B.Understand.C.Notice.D.Accept.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Wewerereallysurprisedatthat”可知，黄石公

园从狼群的重新引入中获益，其方式出乎我们的意料。故选A。2.Forwhatpurposewasashortdocumentarymade?A.Tointroducehowwolvesbehaveinthewild.B.Toshowhowwolvesb

enefitfromecosystems.C.TorecordhowAaronWirsingobservedwolves.D.Tostudywhatgoodwolvescandotoecosystems

.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段首句“Tolearnmoreaboutjusthowwolvesarebeneficial，ashortdocumentaryfromQuestexplainshowthepresenceofwolvesinfl

uencesthebehaviorofdeer，whicheventuallymakesentireecosystemsmorebiologicallydiverseandhealthy.”可知，拍摄纪录片的目的是了解狼是如何对生态有益的。故选D。3.Whatisthe

significanceoftheresearch?A.Itproveswolvesfeedonhundredsofspecies.B.Ithelpsprovetheimportanceofprotectingwolv

es.C.Itshowsthecomplexrelationshipsbetweenspecies.D.Itprovidesevidencethatwolvesareendangeredanimals.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章末段第一句“Theresearchison

emorepieceofevidenceforwhyprotectingthesetoppredatorsisimportantnotjustforwolvesasaspecies，butforhundredsofspeciesateverylevelofanecosystem.”可知，这项研究

再次证明了为什么保护这些食肉动物不仅对狼这个物种很重要，而且对生态系统的各个层面的物种都很重要。故这项研究的意义在于它有助于证明保护狼的重要性。故选B。4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefearofwolv

esisbeneficialtoecosystems.B.Thefearofwolvesputsthemindangerofdisappearing.C.YellowstoneNationalParkowesitshealthyecosystemstowolves.D.Theintr

oductionofwolvesinYellowstoneNationalParkisasuccess.答案A解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了人类以及其他动物对狼的恐惧对维持健康、平衡的生态系统是有益的。故选A。BIreadanewspaperarticleaboutanewconcept

.Theideaissimple，butrevolutionary(革命性的)：combiningaresidentialhomefortheelderlywithanurseryschoolinthesamebuilding.Thechildrenandthe

residents(住户)eatlunchtogetherandshareactivitiessuchasmusic，paintingandgardening.Intheafternoons，theresidentsenjoyreadingstories

tothechildrenand，ifachildisfeelingsadortired，thereisalwaysakindlaptositonandahug.Nowadaysthereislessandlesscontactbetweentheoldandtheyoung.T

herearemanyreasonsforthis，includingthebreakdownoftheextendedfamily，workingparentswithnotimetocareforageingrelations，andsmallerflatswithnoroomforgrand

parents.Buttheresultisthesame：increasingnumbersofchildrenwithoutgrandparentsandoldpeoplewhohavenocontactwithchildren.It’samajorproblemin

manysocieties.That’swhyinter­generational(代际的)programsaregrowinginpopularityallovertheworld.Thereareexamplesofsuccessfulactionsallovertheworld.Us

ingyoungpeopletoteachITskillstoolderpeopleisoneobviousexample.Usingoldpeopleasvolunteerassistantsinschoolsisanother.On

esuccessfulschemeinLondonpairsyoungvolunteerswitholdpeoplewhoarelosingtheirsight.Theyoungpeoplehelpwithpracticalthingssuc

haswritingletters，readingbankstatementsandhelpingwithshopping，andtheolderpeoplecanpassontheirknowledgeandexperiencetotheiryoungvisit

ors.Forexample，aretiredjudgemaybepairedwithateenagerwhowantstostudylaw.Butitisn’tonlytheindividualsconc

ernedwhogainfrominter­generationalactivities.Theadvantagestosocietyarehugetoo.Ifolderpeoplecanunderstandandacceptth

eyouthoftoday，therewillbelessconflictinacommunity.Andwecanusethestrengthsofonegenerationtohelpanother.Thenperhaps

gettingoldwon’tbesosadafterall.语篇解读这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文介绍了一种新思维，即在孩子们的生活与老年人的生活之间架起一座桥梁，这样既解决了老人孤独的问题又缓解了孩子们不能被充分照顾的问题，使人们一举两得从而满足各自的需要。5.Whydoestheauthorm

entionthenewspaperarticleheread?A.Toargueforanewconcept.B.Toshowhisinterestinthetopic.C.Tointroducethetopicofthe

text.D.Todrawourattentiontoasocialproblem.答案C解析推理判断题。分析整篇文章可知，文章是按照“社会现象的出现→分析这种社会现象产生的原因→代际计划成功的实例→这种社会现象产生的积极意义”的结构展开的，因此可判断作者提到他在报纸上读到的

那篇文章是为了介绍文章的主题，这样才能引出文章的其他内容。故C选项正确。6.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thereasonswhyinter­generationalprogramsenjoypopularityintheworld.B.Theinter­gener

ationalprograms’benefitstoindividuals.C.Theinter­generationalprogramsallovertheworld.D.Theexamplesofinter­generationalactivities.答案D解析段落大意

题。通读第三段内容可知，世界各地都有代际计划成功的例子。利用年轻人向老年人传授IT技能就是一个明显的例子。在学校里让老人做志愿者是另一个例子。伦敦有一项成功的计划，把年轻的志愿者和失明的老年人结对。例如，一个退休的法官可能与一个想学习法律的青少年结

对。由此可知，该段主要介绍了代际活动的例子。故D选项正确。7.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A.BuildingBridgesfortheOldandtheYoungB.ANewConceptinCa

ringfortheOldIsBornC.OfferingaWarmHomefortheYoungD.BeingOldIsNoMoreSad答案A解析标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了一种新思维，即在孩子们的生活

与老年人的生活之间架起一座桥梁，这样既解决了老人孤独的问题又缓解了孩子们不能被充分照顾的问题，使人们一举两得从而满足各自的需要。所以短文是围绕着“建立老年人和年轻人联系的桥梁”展开的。所以A选项“建立老年人

和年轻人联系的桥梁”为本文最佳标题。CCortana，Alexa，Siri.Thesearenamesofroboticvoicesthatareoftenprogrammedonelectronictabl

ets.Theyalsobecomedefault(默认)identitiesforpeoplewithspeechdisorderswhorelyontechnologytocommunicate.Nowsomespeechscientistsaredevelopingpersonalizedv

oicestoreflectthebroaderdiversityofthepeoplewhousethem.Todoit，theyaretappingintoavastnetworkofvoluntee

rswhoaredonatingtheirvoicestosharewithpeoplewhocannotspeak.Theefforttobuildaninternational“HumanVoicebank”hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom1

10countries，includingPriyankaPandya，a16­year­oldgirlfromColumbia，Md.，whoplanstospendherwintervacatio

nrecordingastringofsentencesintohercomputer.“Tobeabletogivesomebodythegiftofvoice，Ithinkthat’sreally，reallypowerful，”shesaid.“

Everyonehasavoice，”saidRupalPatel，founderofVocaliD，thecompanythatstartedthevoicebank.“Evenpeoplewhoareunabletospeakhavesoundsthat

areuniquetothem.”Hercompanydesignspersonalizedvoicesbyrecordingtheuniquesoundsoftheuser，andthenmixingthemwith6to10hoursofrecording

sfromavoicedonor，matchedbyage，genderandregion.Thecompanyisdevelopingvoicesnowforitsfirst100customers.Also，people

’svoicesmaychange.Thecompanyislookingfordonorswhoarewillingtorecordtheirvoices，andthenrecordthemagainafewyearslater，astheygeto

lder.Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.JohnA.Gregoirewasoneofthefirstcustomerstoreceiveapersonalizedvoic

efromVocaliDlastDecember.ThevoicecameeightyearsafterhedevelopedALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化症)andmorethansixyearssincehisvoicebecame

unintelligibletoeveryoneexcepthiswifeandyoungestson.“Havingadistinctivevoiceislikegettingsomethingbackthatwasstolen，”Jo

hnsaid.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。VocaliD公司创建了“人类声音银行”(HumanVoicebank)，旨在利用志愿者的声音和高科技帮助语言障碍者拥有自己独特的声音。8.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthevoicebank?A.Itcollectsallki

ndsofvoices.B.Itgainsstrongpublicsupport.C.Ithelpstorecognizespecialvoices.D.Itofferspeoplepersonalizedvoicesfree.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“T

heefforttobuildaninternational‘HumanVoicebank’hasattractedmorethan17,000volunteersfrom110countries...”可知，建立国际“人类声音银行”的努力已经吸引了来自110个国家的一万七千

多名志愿者，故可推知声音银行项目获得了公众的大力支持。9.TheexampleofJohnA.Gregoireisgiveninthetexttostress.A.customers’desireforpersonalizedvoicesB.VocaliD’sefforts

todeveloppersonalizedvoicesC.customers’satisfactionwithpersonalizedvoicesD.VocaliD’ssuccessindesigningpersonalizedvoices答案

C解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Butsomeofthefirstcustomerssaytheyarehappywiththeresults.”和第五段最后一句“‘Havingadistinctivevoice

islikegettingsomethingbackthatwasstolen，’Johnsaid.”可知，本文举约翰的例子是为了证明顾客对收到的定制声音感到满意。10.Whatdoestheunderline

dword“unintelligible”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Unclear.B.Soft.C.Incomplete.D.Rough.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“hedevelopedALS(肌萎缩侧索硬化症)”

和文中的关键信息“peoplewithspeechdisorders”“peoplewhocannotspeak”“peoplewhoareunabletospeak”以及最后一段的内容可知，约翰由于患上了肌萎缩侧索硬化症，逐渐地丧

失了清楚表达的能力，他的声音除了他的妻子和最小的儿子以外，其他人都听不懂。故此处画线词与A项的意思最为接近。11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.VocaliDisdevotedtobuildingavoicebank.B.Volunteersdonatetheirvoi

cestoVocaliD.C.TheHumanVoicebankhelpspeoplewithspeechproblems.D.TheHumanVoicebankwinsfameamongspeechlessp

eople.答案C解析主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了VocaliD公司创建的“人类声音银行”，其主要利用志愿者的声音和高科技帮助语言障碍者拥有自己独特的声音，故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五(2019·山东师范大学附属中学高三最

后打靶题)Therehavebeenalotofcommentsrecentlysurrounding5G，thenextgenerationofwirelesstechnology.12？Howmightitchangeourlives?5Gstandsforfifthgen

eration，meaningthenextstepintheprogressionoftechnologytoreplacethecurrent4Gsystem.Earlier“G”systemsweredesignedtoimprovemobilecommunic

ationoperations.Eachnewtechnologybroughtmajorimprovementsinspeedandgreatlyincreasednetworkcapacity(容量).13.Itisexpectedtopermitmoreuse

rstodomorethingsatafasterrate.However，technologyexpertssaythereisamajorwaythat5Gisdifferentfromtheearliersystems.14.Itwillaffectmanymorede

vicesandindustriesthanother“G”versions.5Gwillhelpfuelfuture“smartcities”byconnectingsensornetworks.5Gisalsoexpectedt

oconnectself­drivingcarsandsupportnewtechnologiesinvolvingvirtualreality(虚拟现实).Higher5Gspeedscouldalsopermitdoctorstoc

ommonlyperformremotemedicaloperations.Factoriesandbusinessescoulduse5Gtechnologytoincreaseautomationandimprovethecollec

tionofinformation.15.Theincreaseddataflowacross5GnetworkswouldgiveInternetattackersalotmorepossibilitiestostealandm

isusedata.Inaddition，thewideruseofa5Gwirelessnetworkmeansanybreakdownofthesystemwouldhavemorewidespreadandsevereresult

s.Suchdifficultiescouldaffectpublicsafety.16，oranetworkbreakdowncouldcauseself­drivingvehiclestocrash.A.Whyis5Gsopop

ularB.WhatisthistechnologyC.EverycoinhastwosidesD.Thenew5GsystempromisesmoreofthesameE.Itwillmovebeyondmobilenetw

orktechnologyF.Abreakdownof5GnetworksmaycauseeconomiclossesG.Afailureduringadoctor’sremoteoperationcouldleadtodeath语篇解读本文属于说明文，介绍5G技术

以及其优点，同时也存在安全风险。12.答案B解析分析文章结构可知，本文属于“总—分”结构，文章主要就第一段的两个问题展开来写，根据第二段中的“5Gstandsforfifthgeneration，meaningthenextstepintheprogression

oftechnologytoreplacethecurrent4Gsystem.”可知，第一个问题是关于5G的概念，故选B。13.答案D解析根据前一句“Eachnewtechnologybroughtmajorimprove

mentsinspeedandgreatlyincreasednetworkcapacity(容量).”可知，每一项新的通信技术都会提升速度，扩大容量，这是在讲述新技术的作用，D选项“新的5G系统会有更多相同之处”符合语境，后一句进一步解释该句，故选D。14.答案E解析根据后一句“Itwilla

ffectmanymoredevicesandindustriesthanother‘G’versions.”可知，与其他的几代通信产业相比，5G会影响更多的设备和产业，E选项“它的影响超过手机网络技术”，后一句进一步说明该句，切题，故选E。15.答案C解析根据后文“

Theincreaseddataflowacross5GnetworkswouldgiveInternetattackersalotmorepossibilitiestostealandmisusedata.”可知，本段主要讲述5G技术可能存在

的风险，故选C。16.答案G解析根据空后的“oranetworkbreakdowncouldcauseself­drivingvehiclestocrash”可知，网络故障可能会导致自动驾驶汽车出车祸，讲述

的是5G技术对公共安全可能造成的不利作用。G选项“远程手术的失败可能会造成病人死亡”是对前一句的具体阐述，切题，故选G。