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1第五节代词和介词(短语)1．Nervouslyfacingchallenges，IknowIwillwhisperto(I)thetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．(2019·北京)答案myself解析考查代词。句意为：焦虑不安地面临挑战时，我知道我将轻声对自己说

：“做你自己。”此处whisperto这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。2．Astudyshowsthestudentswhoareengagedinafter­schoolactivitiesarehapp

ierthan(that)whoarenot.(2019·天津)答案those解析考查代词。句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词对应thestudents，是复数，故填those。3．Runningischeap，easyandit

’salwaysenergetic.Ifyouaretimepoor，youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports，soperhapsweshouldallgiveatry.(2018·全国Ⅰ)答案

running/it解析考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。givesth.atry尝试一下某事。4．Onecupofcoffeeinthelateafte

rnoonoreveningwillcause(they)tostayawakealmostallnight.(2018·11月浙江)答案them解析考查代词。此处作动词cause的宾语用宾格形式。故填them。5．ManywesternerswhocometoChin

acookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapcanbetoeatout.(2018·6月浙江)答案it解析考查it的用法。句子为感叹句，

正常语序应该是itcanbecheaptoeatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正的主语，it是形式主语。故填it。26．However，therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths，morethan25,000

peoplewereusingeveryday.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案it解析考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，这里用it指代前句的therailway，故填it。7．Pahlssonscream

edsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt(I)，”saysPahlsson.(2017·6月浙江)答案myself解析考查反身代词。根据语境可知，hurt这一动作的发出者和承受者为同一人，故应用

I的反身代词形式，意为“她认为我伤了我自己”，故填myself。1．人称代词数人称主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词单数一Imemyminemyself二youyouyouryoursyourself三hehimhishishimselfsh

eherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数一weusouroursourselves二youyouyouryoursyourselves三theythemtheirtheirsthemselves2．不定代词含义指代都任何一个都不两

者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynone33．one，another，theother，some，others，theothers的区别一个/一些另外一个/一些剩余的一个/

一些单数oneanothertheother复数someotherstheothers单数onebookanotherbooktheotherbook复数somebooksotherbookstheot

herbooks4．that，those的用法①that指代上文提到的单数名词或不可数名词(＝the＋单数名词/不可数名词，与前面的名词不是同一个，即同名不同物)。Thestoryismoreinterestingthanthat(thestory)youreadafewdaysago.②th

ose指代上文提到的复数名词(＝the＋复数名词，同名不同物的复数)。ThecomputersmadeinChinaareasgoodasthose(thecomputers)madeintheUSA.1．Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationsha

vebeenemployedonlysincethemid­1980s，andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019·全国Ⅰ)答案of/for解析考查介词。此处trackingpolarbear

populations作Modernmethods的定语，用of连接，methodsofdoingsth.意为“……的方法”。或者意为“用于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。2．Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapackdog

s，seventobeexact.(2019·全国Ⅲ)答案of解析考查介词。apackof意为“一群……”，为固定搭配。故填of。3．Firstcelebrated1970，theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregion

s(地区)．(2019·北京)答案in4解析考查介词。句意为：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。4．Theanswerthisquestionisno

tclear.(2019·6月浙江)答案to解析考查介词。句意为：这个问题的答案不清楚。theanswerto...……的答案，为固定搭配。故填to。5．Favorablepoliciesareeffectto

encourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.(2019·江苏)答案in解析考查介词短语。句意为：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。ineffect实际上，为固定搭配，故填in。6．Cornuseslessw

aterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.(2018·全国Ⅱ)答案than解析由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。7．Iwassearchingthesethreewesternlowland

gorillasI’dbeenobserving.(2018·全国Ⅲ)答案for解析考查介词。searchfor寻找，为固定搭配。8．Isuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum’shomedinner，getafewcookingtipsfromher.(

2018·6月浙江)答案for解析考查介词。gotoyourmum’shomefordinner去你妈妈家吃饭。for表示目的，意为“为了要，为了得到”。9．Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)amethodoffightin

gheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryi

ngtofight.(2017·全国Ⅰ)答案as解析考查介词。此处指作为抵抗心脏病的一种方法，所以用介词as。10．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroads

5aboveastheytravelledtoandwork.(2017·全国Ⅱ)答案from解析考查介词。traveltoandfromwork上下班。11．Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull

­timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.(2017·全国Ⅲ)答案in解析考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。adegreein

engineeringorarchitecture工程学或建筑学学位。1．介宾关系2．介词的基本含义in①在……里面②表示时间段，加年/月/季节/世纪/朝/年代，几十岁的时候，还泛指上午、下午或晚上例：in1990，inSeptember，inspring，inthe18thcentur

y，intheMingDynasty，in1980s，inone’stwenties，inthemorning③处于……状态例：ingoodcondition状态良好ingoodshape身材好④用某种语言/专业(speak)例：inEnglis

h⑤inaway在某方面；在某种程度上instrength在力量上incourage在勇气上6on①在……上②在具体的时间，或具体的上午、下午或晚上例：onOctober1，onSunday，onChristmasDay，onthemorningofMay1③关于(＝abou

t)④身上带着，有(＝with)例：haveenoughmoneywith/onme⑤on(＝upon)＋n./doing一……就……at①在某处例：attheairport②在……时(刻)例：at6∶00inthemorning③在……岁(具体)例：at20④以……价格、速度

例：atahigh/lowprice以高/低价ataspeedof...以……速度⑤朝，向(某方向或目标)例：throwat，laughat⑥因……而……；一听到/看到/想到……就……例：attheterribl

esightto①向，朝(某方向或某处)②(指时间)在(某时间)之前例：aquartertosix差一刻到六点tenminutestotwo一点五十分③属于(某人/某物)例：thekeytothedoor，theanswertothequestionfor7①(表示目的)为了

例：forpleasure为了好玩②(表示对象)给例：Thereisaletterforyou.③对某人来说例：Itiseasyforus.④(表示理由或原因)因为，由于例：ThankyouforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.⑤表示“持续一段时间”例：

foranhour⑥(表示目标、去向)往，向例：leavefor，headforthetrainforParis开往巴黎的火车⑦表示“支持，赞同”，反义词为“against”例：Areyouforthisplanoragainstit?wit

h①和……在一起例：withafriend②有，带有，具有例：withmoremoney③随着例：withage随着年龄的增长withtimegoingby＝astimegoesby随着时间的流逝by①靠近，在

……旁边例：bythefire在炉火旁②按……计算，常用“by＋the＋单数可数名词”例：bytheday按日③由，靠，通过(表示交通方式)例：bybus乘公交车off①下来；离开例：keepoff远离，falloff掉下来②远离，脱离例：offthemainroad远离大路，offtrack脱轨

③休息，休假例：offduty休息(onduty值班)，takeadayoff休班一天across①横过，从一边到另一边例：walkacrossthestreet过马路8②在对面例：acrosstheroad

在马路对面against①反对，违背例：goagainstthelawofnature违背自然规律②靠着例：leanagainstthewall靠墙③逆着例：againstthewind逆风④在……映衬下例：Thehilllooksmorebeautifulagainstthebluesk

y.在蓝天的映衬下，山峰更显美丽。beyond①(表示时间)表晚于，超过例：beyondvisitinghour超出探视时间②表示范围、水平、能力等“超出……之外；非……能力所及”例：beyondone’swilde

stdreams某人做梦也没想到beyondrecognition认不出来增分训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thefirmisalsoresponsiblemillionsofonlineshoppers’detailsaroundthegl

obe.答案for解析考查介词。beresponsiblefor对……负责，为固定搭配。句意为：该公司还负责全球数百万在线购物者的详细信息。故填for。2．Thestudentsspentfivedaysatth

eirschoollearningexperiencedworkersfromtheMasonryInstituteofIowa，aprofessionalorganization.答案from解析考查介词。句意为：学生们在学校里待了五

天向爱荷华州砖石协会经验丰富的工人学习，这是一个专业的组织。learnfrom表示“向……学习”，故填from。3．Ifpossible，theycangivetheirparentsagiftonaspecialdayorhelpwithhouseworkaregularbasis.9答案on

解析考查介词。句意为：如果可能的话，他们可以在特殊的日子送给父母礼物，也可以定期帮他们做家务。onaregularbasis经常地，定期地，为固定短语，故填on。4．Wefoundthatsingingaspartofagroupc

ontributespeople’srecoveryfrommentalhealthproblems.答案to解析考查介词。句意为：我们发现参与合唱有助于精神疾病的恢复。contributeto有助于，为固定短语，故用介词to。5．Readingfi

ctionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting(we)inotherpeople’sshoes.答案ourselves解析考查反身代词。句意为：阅读小说是我们设身处地为别人着想的最好方法之一。put的逻辑主语

是we，故宾语应用反身代词ourselves。6．(they)goalofproducingnotrashisprobablyimpossibletoreach.答案Their解析考查形容词性物主代词。句意为：他们的不产生

垃圾的目标不太可能实现。goal为名词，前面需要形容词修饰，故填形容词性物主代词Their，注意句首首字母大写。7．Since2013，thenumberofcouplesaged25to29hasbeengreaterthanofyoungercoup

les.答案that解析考查代词。句意为：自2013年以来，25至29岁的夫妇数量一直高于更年轻的夫妇。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的thenumber，指代前面的同类但不同一事物的词，故填that。8．Theroad(it)hasalreadybeencomple

ted，andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(输电网)．答案itself解析考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself作同位语，故答案为itself。Ⅱ.易错练习1．E

verynewyearintheheartlandofindustrialChinathousandsuponthousandsofmotorcyclistsbravetheweatherandhittheroad，dete

rminedtomakehome.答案it解析考查代词。句意为：每年新年，在中国工业中心地带，成千上万的摩托车手冒着严寒10上路，决心回家。根据句意可知，他们冒着严寒，也一定要回家，makeit及时抵达，走完路程。故填it。2

．Anotherfriendof(I)realizedthattwooff­dutylifeguards，LizandAlisonManley，werenearby.答案mine解析考查代词。anotherfriendofmine我的另

一个朋友。of是介词，这里表所属关系，后跟名词性物主代词。故填mine。3．Accordingtoexperts，thekeytheForbiddenCity’sstrength，aswellasotherancientChinesestructures，liesindougong(斗栱

)—acenturies­oldbuildingmethodinventedinChina.答案to解析考查介词。key与介词to搭配，意为“紫禁城坚固的关键”。故填to。4．ButaTVshow，LettersAlive，ishelpingbri

ngthisoldwaytokeepintouchbackthepresent.答案to解析考查介词。句意为：《见字如面》这档电视节目正将这一保持联系的老方式带回到现代人的视野。bring...backto...意

为“把……带回到……”，为固定搭配，故用to。强化练(六)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2019·贵州贵阳适应性考试一)Franklin’slifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow—1.hesoldbooksinBo

ston，andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope；howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin，onlytoquitbecause，ashesaid，hewasnosoldier，and

yethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy，withoutaday’sschoo

ling，2.(become)amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped3.(study)；thisneglectedapprentice(学徒)conqueredlightning，madehisnamefamous，4.(receive)degr

eesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges，andbecameforeverrememberedasthe“DoctorFranklin”，aphilosopher，scientistand5.(politics)leader

.Self­made，self­taught，thecandlemaker’ssongavelight6.alltheworld；the11streetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty；theapprenticebec

amethemostsought­aftermanacrosstheworld，andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica，forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanage

ment，theforethought，thewisdom，andthe7.(able)ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld，but8.(especial)hebelongstoAmerica

.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving；heisstillregarded9.theloftiest(崇高的)manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeople’

s10.(heart)forever.语篇解读本文主要讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的传奇故事。1．答案how解析考查副词。此处与下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼应，此处表示事情进行的方式，

故用副词how。2．答案became解析考查动词的时态。根据下文的“andneverstopped”可知，是并列结构，故也用一般过去时。3．答案studying解析考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示“他

从未停止学习”，stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。4．答案received解析考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处和conquered，made，became是并列关系，故用一般过去时。5．答案political解析考查形容词。修饰名词用形容

词，故用形容词political修饰名词leader，在句子中作定语。6．答案to解析考查介词。givesth.tosb.意为“给某人某物”，故用介词to。7．答案ability解析考查词形转换。根据冠词the和介词of以及上文的management，forethought和wisd

om可知，此处用名词ability表示抽象概念。8．答案especially12解析考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处副词especially修饰整个句子。9．答案as解析考查介词。regard...

as...意为“把……看作……”，为固定搭配，故用介词as。10．答案hearts解析考查名词复数。heart作“心；内心”时为可数名词，根据空前的people’s可知，此处表示复数概念，故用名词复数hearts。B(201

9·丽水模拟)Twoladieslivinginoppositeapartmentssay“hello”whentheymeeteachotherinthecorridor.Oneofthemsays，“Imovedherefi

veyearsago,11.Inevermetyoubefore.CouldIaskyournameplease？”Theothersays，“I12.(be)hereforsixyears.HowshouldIcallyou？”Itseemsveryridiculous13

.peoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However，youcanfindthiskindofstory14.(perform)everywhere.Itistheexa

ct15.(reflect)ofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodernworld.Inthemodernworldmostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsa

ndnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone，theywillkilltheirtime16.watchingTVorreadingmag

azines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeir17.(close)neighbors，whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayin18.street.Thisphenome

nondoesnogoodtous，nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeelmoreandmorelonely.Theworldbecomessoindifferent.It’stimethatwe19.(take)somemeasurestoimprov

eit.Peoplelivinginthesameplacecan20.(organize)tohavesomeactivities.Weshouldcallonpeopletobefriendlytoeachother.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章通过两个邻居的对

话引出了现代社会很普遍的现象：邻居之间非常陌生。之后作者分析了原因并提出了对策。11．答案but解析考查连词。句意为：我五年前搬到这儿，但是之前我从没见过你啊。根据句意可知，此处表转折。故填but。12．答案

havebeen13解析考查时态。句意为：我住在这里已经6年了，我该如何称呼你？根据时间状语forsixyears可知，用现在完成时。故填havebeen。13．答案that解析考查主语从句。句意为：人们如此长的时间住这么近还不认识彼此似乎很荒唐。此处为it作形式

主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句：peoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime。故填that。14．答案performed/beingperformed解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：然而，你可以发现这样的故事到处都在上演。fi

ndsth.done/beingdone，发现某事被做了或正在被做。故填performed/beingperformed。15．答案reflection解析考查词性转换。句意为：这是现代社会人际关系的真实反映。根据前面的形容词exact可知，

此处应用名词形式。故填reflection。16．答案by解析考查介词。句意为：通过看电视或杂志消磨时间。by表示“通过……方式”，故填by。17．答案closest解析考查形容词最高级。句意为：即便与最近的邻居也没有任何联系。根据句意可知，此处应用形容词的最

高级。故填closest。18．答案the解析考查冠词。句意为：邻居们似乎和他们在大街上每天都遇到的人没什么不同。inthestreet在街上。故填the。19．答案took/shouldtake解析考查固定句型。

句意为：到了我们该采取行动改善这种现象的时候了。本题考查虚拟语气的固定句型It’s(high)timethatwedid/shoulddosth.意为“该到了做某事的时候了”，故填took/shouldtake。20．答案beorganized解析考查被动语态。句意为：住在同一处的人们可

以被组织起来举行一些活动。根据句意可知，此处是情态动词的被动语态。故填beorganized。Ⅱ.阅读理解14ADigitalgroundingiswhenparentsorcaregiverslimitorcompletelytakeawayacces

stotechnologyfromchildren.AccordingtoastudyconductedbyPewResearch,65%ofparentshavedigitallygroundedtheirteenbytakingawaytheirteen’scellphoneorIntern

etaccessaspunishment.Becausechildrenaresoconnectedwiththeirtechnologies，digitalgroundingmayseemlikealogicalste

pforparents.Takeawayachild’smostcherisheditemandhe/shewillquicklylearnfromhis/herbehavior.Buttheideaofdigitalgroun

dingisn’tasclear­cutasthat.Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.Formostparents，thegoalofgroundingisn’ttomaketheirchildre

nunhappyorsad.Itistoteachalessoninthehopethattheywon’tengageinwhateverbehaviorgotthemintroubleinthefir

stplace.Unfortunately，though，digitalgroundingisoftenjustpunishment，notdiscipline.Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(

约定的最晚回家时间)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Disciplinewouldbenotlettinghim/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollowrules.We

’veallbeenthere—we’vecaughtourchildrendoingsomethingwrongandintheheatofthemomentlaidoutastrictpunishment.Wemayhavebeenfeelinghot­headed，embarrassed

，orupset.Often，though，thesepunishmentsdon’talignwiththebadbehavior.Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheproblemtemporarily，itwo

n’tprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.Insteadofgrounding，showyourchildrenwhattheydi

dwrongandgivethemthechancetoactdifferently.Thisway，theywilllearnfromtheirmistakesinapracticalmannerandfigureoutwaystobesafean

dsmartwithtechnology.There’snodenyingthattechnologyishereforthelong­haul.Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon’

trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.Itdoesn’tfocusontheendgoalofsafebehavior.Theyrecommendteachingthemgoodhabi

tsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.Bydigitallygroundingthem，youareputtingabandageovert

hewound，ratherthantreatingit.Now，whenwesaythatdigitalgroundingisalose­losesituation，we’renotsayingthatdiscipli

ningyourchildreningeneralisalose­losesituation.Disciplineisagreatwaytoteachchildrenlessons，whenusedappropri

ately.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。介绍了“数码囚禁”并不是教导孩子的好方法。21．Whichofthefollowingisaformofdiscipline?A．Hittingoryellingatchildren.B．Layingoutastrictpunishmentin

theheatofthemoment.15C．Takingawayaccesstocellphonesfromchildrencompletely.D．Forbiddingkidstogooutthenextweekendiftheystayoutpastcurfew.答案D解

析细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“Ifachildstaysoutpastcurfew(约定的最晚回家时间)，apunishmentwouldbehittingoryellingathim/her.Disciplinewou

ldbenotlettinghim/hergooutthenextweekendbecausehe/shefailedtofollowrules.”可知，一个孩子超过约定的最晚回家时间，惩罚就是打他/她或对其大喊大叫。纪律不会让他/她下周末出去，因为他/她没有遵守规则。故D选项正确。22．What

doestheauthorthinkofdigitalgrounding?A．Itbenefitschildrengreatly.B．Itisnobetterthandisciplining.C．Parentsc

anuseittocorrectkids’behavior.D．Neitherparentsnorchildrengainbenefitsfromit.答案D解析细节理解题。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesitu

ationforparentsandkids，alike.”可知，相反，这对父母和孩子来说可能是一种两败俱伤的局面。故D选项正确。23．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestparentsdoinsteadofgrounding?A．Givekidsmor

efreetime.B．Actappropriatelyinpublic.C．Helpkidsformgoodhabits.D．Putabandageoverthewound.答案C解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段倒数第二句“Theyrecommendteac

hingthemgoodhabitsassoonaspossible，ratherthantakingawaytheirtechnology.”可知，他们建议尽快教他们好习惯，而不是拿走他们的科技。故C选项正确。24．What’sthepurposeofthetex

t?A．Toinformusofwaysofpunishingkids.B．Toexplainwhatdigitalgroundingmeans.C．Toshowhowtoparentchildrenindigitaltimes.D．Toprovedigitalgroundingi

snotagoodparentingway.答案D16解析写作目的题。由第二段末句“Instead，itmaybealose­losesituationforparentsandkids，alike.”、第三段第一句“Formostpa

rents，thegoalofgroundingisn’ttomaketheirchildrenunhappyorsad.”、第五段第一句“Whiledigitalgroundingmaysolvetheprob

lemtemporarily，itwon’tprovidechildrenwiththeguidancetheyneedtoactappropriatelyinthefuture.”和第六段第二句“Thisiswhysomeparentingexpertsdon’

trecommenddigitallygroundingyourchildren.”可知，本文的目的是证明“数码囚禁”并不是教导孩子的好方法。故D选项正确。BDogsareourbestfriends.That’sespeciallytrueafteradisaster，s

uchasanearthquake.Whenbuildingsfalldown，searchandrescuedogshelpfindtrappedpeople.Dogs’amazingnosescanpick

upthesmellofsurvivors.Nowscientistshavedevelopedanelectronictoolthatdoesthesamething.It’stakingsmelldetection(探测)toawholene

wlevel.Thenewinventionisasortofelectronicnose，whichcandetectextremelylowlevelsofmanycompounds(化合物)fro

mpeople’sskin.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeengineershavedevelopedsuchanobject.Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.Theycould

notdetectlowlevelsoftargetcompoundseither.Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment.Theelectronicnose

candetectextremelyslightsmellofmorethanonecompoundatthesametime.“Beingabletodothis，insuchasmallobject，isthesignificantdiscovery，”

saysSotirisE．Pratsinis，professorofProcessEngineering&MaterialsScienceattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnol

ogyinZurich.Histeamtesteditinspecialspaces.Theywerelikethesmallspaceswherepeoplemightbetrapped.Chemicalsgiv

enoffbythevolunteersbuiltupinside.Theelectronicequipmentdetectedthosecompoundsatunbelievablylowlevels.Theresultsweregoodnewsfo

rtheresearchteam.Buttheymaybenotforourfour­leggedfriends，whocouldsoonbeoutofajob.“Ideally，thistechnologycouldreplacesearchandrescuedo

gs，”Pratsinissays.StephenTaylor，anelectricalengineer，agreesthatthenewtechnologyhassomebenefitsoverdogs.Still，hethinks

itmaybetoosoontohaveourtrustyfriendsretire.Hesuspects，“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.”Tayloralso

pointedoutsomepotentiallimitationsofthenewinvention.“E­nosesareuseful.Buttheycanbeverylikelytobeaffectedbyunstablereadingsandinterruption，”

hesays.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一种有可能取代救援狗的“电子鼻”。25．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“bulky”underlinedinParagraph2?17A．Com

plex.B．Fragile.C．Handy.D．Large.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据第二段第三句“Earliermodels，however，havebeenbulkyandexpensive.”和最后一句“Thenewoneisinexpensiveandsmallenoughtofit

insidehandheldequipment.”可知，此处bulky与“smallenoughtofitinsidehandheldequipment”形成对比，意为“体积大的”。26．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabou

t?A．Whate­noses’workingprincipleis.B．Howe­nosesaremade.C．Whatdifferencesbetweendogsande­nosesare.D．Howpowerfule­nosesare.答案D解析段落大意题。第三段主要讲了Pr

atsinis的团队在模拟的灾后人们被困的环境中做实验，证明电子鼻能够检测到人们释放出的微量的化合物，其功能很强大，可以完全胜任救援狗的工作。故D项正确。27．WhatdoesStephenTaylormean?A．Dogsande­nosescouldworktogether.B．Sea

rchandrescuedogswillretiresoon.C．E­nosesaremorereliablethannosesofdogs.D．Dogsarebetteratfindingouttrappedpeople.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后

一段第三句中的“Iforeseethatsuchanobjectcouldaddtothefineworkdonebythedogs.”可知，斯蒂芬·泰勒认为，在电子鼻的帮助下，救援狗能更好地进行救援工作，即狗与电子鼻可合作救人。故A项正确

。Ⅲ.七选五(2019·安徽江南十校检测)Whenbignewsbreaks，it’seasytogetcaughtupinfollowingthestoryonline.TheInternetcanbeaplacetofindusefulinformation.28Helping

kidsunderstandthenewsandhowtoseparatefactfromfictionisanimportantjobforparentsandeducators.Here’ssomeadvicetha

tparentscanofferkidstohelpthembequickertojudgeastheyconsumenewsonline.1829Intherushtocoverstories，reportersmakemistakes，officialsd

on’talwayshavecorrectinformationandtidbits(八卦新闻)thatsoundreasonableoftengetpassedaroundbeforeanyonehascheckedthemforaccuracy.Usesocial

mediawisely.SomesayTwitterisagreatsourceofnewsinthefirstfewminutesofatragedy.30Ontheotherhand，Facebookcan

beagreatwaytoconnectwithfriendsaffectedbyeventsinthenewsandtospreadpersonalnewswithinamorelimitedcircle.Beskeptical.31AftertheBostonM

arathonbombing，NBCSportsreportedthatsomerunnerskeptrunningallthewaytothehospitaltodonatebloodforthevi

ctims.Nottrue.Thereareplentyofwebsitesdevotedtoexposingfalsenewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalsohasaFactCheckercolumnthatdelivers

claimsmadebypublicofficialsandpoliticians.Visitthemtofindoutifastoryistrue.Keepitage­appropriate.Kidsaren’talwaysreadytodigestbig，tragicnews—es

peciallyifthenewsisaboutkids，suchasschoolshootingsorabuses.Theconstantrepetitionofinformationcanbeconfusingforyoungerkids，andatthebeg

inningofanewsevent，parentsmightnotbeabletoofferanycorrectanswers.32A．Remember，breakingnewsisoftenwrong.B．Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformatio

n.C．Ifsomethingsoundstoogoodtobetrue，itprobablyis.D．Makesureyouandyourkidsaren’tfallingvictimtofalsenews.E．However，afterthatitjustbecomesmessya

ndlargelyinaccurate.F．Withsocialmediaatyourfingertips，it’sconvenienttoexpressyouropinion.G．Kidswhoareeage

rtolearnmoreaboutcertaineventscancheckkid­guidednewssources.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。网上的新闻有真有假，如何帮助孩子们在网上阅读新闻时更快地作出判断呢？本文就此给父母提出了几条建议。28

．答案B解析上文说“互联网是一个可以找到有用信息的地方。”承接上文，B项“Italsocanbethesourceofmisinformation.”切题。B项中的also一词也是提示。故选B。29．答案A解析根据下文提示“在匆忙报道新闻的过程中，记者

会犯错误，官方并不总是掌握正确的信息，而那些听起来合情合理的小道消息往往会在人们检查其准确性之前就被传开。”可知空处表达的意思是：突发新闻经常是错误的。故选A项。30．答案E19解析分析语境可知，空处表示转折，E项“However，afterthatitjustbecomesmessyandla

rgelyinaccurate.”切题。该项中的However表示一种转折关系，将上下文紧紧联系在一起。故选E。31．答案C解析根据本段首句“保持怀疑态度”及下文例子可知，C项“如果某件事听起来好的令人难以置信，那么

它很可能不是真的”承接上下文。故选C项。32．答案G解析本段主要是在说要挑选适合孩子们看的新闻，以免造成孩子们的困惑。结合选项可知G项切题。