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一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇——分类记忆Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意1．flightn．飞行；航班2．cheekn.面颊3．canteenn.食堂4．posturen.姿势；体态5．crossroadsn.十字路口6．frownvi.皱眉；蹙额7．fistn.拳头8．yawnvi.打呵欠9

．respectfuladj.恭敬的10．subjectiveadj.主观的11．employeen.雇员12．misreadvt.读错；误解Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形1．dormitoryn．宿舍2．majoradj.主要的3．approachv

t.&vi.接近；靠近；走近n.接近；方法；途径4．hugvi.&vt.拥抱5．functionn.作用；功能；职能vi.起作用；运转6．representvt.代表；象征7．easen.安逸；舒适vt.减轻(痛苦、忧虑)8

．adultn.成人；成年人adj.成人的；成熟的9．rankn.等级；军衔10．dashvi.猛冲；突进Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变1．statev．陈述；说明→statementn．陈述；说明2．greetvi.&vt.迎接；问候→greeti

ngn．问候；招呼3．associatevt.把……联系起来→associationn．社团；联系；联想4．curiousadj.好奇的→curiouslyadv.好奇地→curiosityn．好奇；好奇心5．defendvt.保护；保卫→defencen．防御；保

卫6．misunderstandvt.误解；误会→misunderstandingn．误解；误会7．spokenadj.口语的→unspokenadj.(反义词)未说出口的；非口语的8．angern．怒气；怒火→angryadj.生气的9．trueadj.真实的→t

rulyadv.真实地；真诚地；真正地→truthn．真实；真理10．likelyadj.可能的→unlikelyadj.(反义词)不可能的11．facen．脸→facialadj.面部的1.常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃①c

heek面颊②forehead额头③chest胸部④shoulder肩膀⑤throat喉咙2.后缀-ly结尾的形容词集锦①likely可能的②weekly每周的③costly昂贵的④daily日常的⑤frien

dly友好的⑥lively活泼的⑦lovely可爱的3.“方法”种种①做某事的方法theapproachtodoingsth.thewaytodosth./ofdoingsth.②用这种方法inthis

waybythismeanswiththismethod(二)重点短语——记牢用活1．be__curious__about对……感到好奇的2．defend...against防御；保卫……以免受3．on__the__contrary相反地4．be__likely__to很可能……；有希

望……5．in__general总的来说；通常6．come__close__to接近；靠近7．as__if好像8．at__ease舒适；快活；自由自在9．turn__one’s__back__to背对；背弃

10．lose__face丢脸1.表示“通常；总之”的短语大全①ingeneral通常②generallyspeaking一般说来③inaword总之④allinall总之⑤inconclusion总之⑥inshort/brief总之；简言之2.face

短语大全①loseface丢脸②saveone’sface挽回面子③makeaface做鬼脸④facetoface面对面(作状语)⑤in(the)faceof面对(问题、困难等)⑥befacedwith面对(三)重点句式——背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：the＋序数词＋n.＋todoThe_

_first__person__to__arrivewasTonyGarciafromsth.Colombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一个到达的是来

自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。句型2：notall意为“并非所有的都……”，表示部分否定Not__all__cultures__greet__each__otherthesameway,noraretheycomfortableinthesam

ewaywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。句型3：belikelytodosth.有可能做某事However,peoplef

romplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesapproachotherscloselyandare__more__likely__to__touch__them.不过，来自西班牙、意大利

或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。句型4：it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother,soit__is__an__amazin

g__thing__thatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo！我们可能常常会彼此误解，因此我们能很好地理解对方，真是件令人惊奇的事！二、语境强化训练Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Ju

stasimportantly,wetendtoassociate(把……联系起来)freshairwithhealthcare.2．(浙江卷)Inthisarticle,youneedtobackup

generalstatements(陈述；说明)withspecificexamples.3．Asyouknow,smokingisoneofthemajor(主要的)causesofcancer,soyou’dbettergiveitup.4．Asa(n)adult(成年人),yo

ushouldberesponsibleforyourowndecisions.5．Generalspeaking,thoseyoungpeoplewhocomefromtherichfamilyorhighrank(等级)arewe

lleducatedfromanearlyage.6．Whentolditwastimetoleave,thetwogirlshugged(hug)eachotherandsaidgoodbye.7．WewerehavingameetingwhenJohnsoncamedashing(

dash)inwithapieceofpaperinhishand.8．Representing(represent)ourclass,LindaandIwilltakepartinthecontesttobeheldthisw

eekend.Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义1．(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)I’velearnedthattheEnglishAssociationofourschoolisnowinneedofsomevolunteerstorece

iveforeignstudentsvisitingourschool.协会2．(浙江卷读后续写)Fortunately,thehelicopterflewoverheadandnoticedpoorJane.Tomdashedou

tassoonasthehelicopterlandedandhuggedJanetightly.猛冲；突进3．(天津卷书面表达)Inthepasttwoweeks,wehavestudiedinthe

sameclassroomandlivedinthesamedormitory,whichallowsustheopportunitytoknoweachotherandpromoteourfriendship.宿舍4．(全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)AtlastI

endeduphittingthesetwithmyfist,anditstoppedworkingaltogether.拳头Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空1．Thecuriousboylookedattheboxcuriouslyandthenheopeneditoutofcurio

sity．(curious)2．Totellyouthetruth,__I’mtrulygratefulforyourhelpingmemakemydreamcometrue．(true)3．Intimeofwar,lotsofmoneywillbe

spentondefenceandmanymeasureswillbetakentodefendacountryfrombeingattacked.(defend)4．Tomysurprise,insteadofmailingagreetingcard,sh

egreetedmewithahugandsaid“MerryChristmas”．(greet)5．Iwouldn’twanttobeassociatedwiththeillegalassociationanymore.(associate)6．Hestatedtheotherdaythatt

hestatementwasnotmadebyhim.(state)7．Ifyoumisunderstandsomebody,it’slikelytoleadtoamisunderstanding．(misu

nderstand)8．Shemajorsinhistory.However,themajorityofherfriendsmajorinscience.(major)Ⅳ.选词成篇onthecontrary;atease;belikelyto;ingeneral;losefaceAsis

knowntous,peopleusuallycommunicatewithothersnotonlybyspokenwordsbutalsobybodylanguage.Whenyoufindyourfriendisdepres

sed,you’dbetternotignorehim;1.on__the__contrary,__youshouldgivehimasmiletocheerhimupandatthatmomentthesmilewillputhim2.at__ease.Ifsomeforeigners

askyouthedirections,youcanusebodylanguagetomakehimunderstand.3.In__general,__bodylanguageisasimportantasspokenlanguage.Withouta

goodcommandofmajorbodylanguages,we4.are__likely__tohavemisunderstandingswhencommunicating.Whenwegoabro

ad,werepresentourcountry,sowemusttrynotto5.lose__facebecauseofourunproperbehavior.Ⅴ.完成句子1．屠呦呦是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，2019年9月29日她被授予共和国勋章。Asthe__first

__female__scientist__to__win__the__Nobel__PrizeinChina,TuYouyouwasawardedtheMedaloftheRepubliconSeptember29

th,2019.2．并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。Not__all__are__willing__to__do__such__work,__foritisquitehardforsomeofthem.3．如果你努力学习，你很有可能考入理想的大学。Ifyoustudyh

ard,youare__likely__to__be__admitted__toyourdreaminguniversity.4．中国在教育和技术方面取得了如此巨大的进步，这是一件令人惊讶的事情。It__is__an__amazing__thing__thatChinahasmad

esuchgreatadvancementineducationandtechnology.representvt.代表；象征；描绘；声称；说明；传达[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Sherepresentshermothe

rasthekindestmotherintheworld.②Intheafternoon,youtogetherwithsomeofourstudentrepresentatives(represent)aregoingtovisittheHaiheRiverandenjoythebe

autifulscenerythere.[能力提升]——一句多译(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我非常高兴代表我们学校，告诉你们有关即将到来的排球比赛的一些事宜。③Representing__our__scho

ol,__I’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutthecomingvolleyballgame.④On__behalf__of__our__school,__I’mgladtotellyousomethingaboutthecomingvo

lleyballgame.(1)representsb./sth.onbehalfof代表……(2)represent...as/tobe...宣称……为……；把……描绘成……(3)representsth.tosb.向某人说明或传达某事(4)repre

sentativen.代表adj.典型的；有代表性的[佳句背诵]Lastbutnotleast,Ifeelitagreathonourtorepresentmyclasstotakepartinthegroupdancingcompetition.最后但同样重要的是，我

觉得代表我班参加小组跳舞比赛非常荣幸。curiousadj.好奇的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Peoplegatheredround，curiousto__know(know)whatwashappening.②Theyh

elpusunderstandsciencesubjectsbetterandarouseourcuriosity(curious)aboutscientificdiscoveries.[能力提升]——完成句子③中国的传统文化有可能会是一个更好

的选择，因为美国学生对中国的传统文化感到好奇。ThetraditionalChinesecultureislikelytobeabetterchoicebecauseAmericanstudentsare__curious__about__tradition

al__Chinese__culture．(1)becuriousabout对……感到好奇becurioustodosth.渴望做某事(2)curiosityn.好奇；好奇心withcuriosity好奇地outofcuriosity出于好奇(

3)curiouslyadv.好奇地[佳句背诵]ItisgoodtobecuriousabouttheworldaroundyoubecauseIthinkcuriosityisthebestteacher.对你周围的世界感到新奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。ap

proachvt.&vi.走近；要求；接近；靠近n．接近；方法；途径[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thebestapproachtobuilding(build)upyourbodyistodoexerc

iseeveryday.②Approaching(approach)thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.③Alltheapproaches(approach)totheairportwereblockedby

thepoliceyesterday.[能力提升]——一句多译(2017·天津卷书面表达)随着高考的临近，我几乎把所有的时间都花在了学习上。④With__the__College__Entrance__Examination__appro

aching/drawing__near/around__the__corner,__Ispendalmostallthetimeonstudy.(with复合结构)⑤As__the__College__Entrance__Examination__is__approaching/drawing_

_near/around__the__corner,__Ispendalmostallthetimeonstudy.(时间状语从句)(1)anapproachto...……的方法/通道(to为介词)(2)approachsth.靠近/接近某事物...beapproaching……正

在来临/靠近[佳句背诵]AsTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。[联想发散]“(做)……的方法”

的正确搭配：①theapproachto__(doing)sth.；②thewayto__do/of__(doing)sth.；③themeansof__(doing)sth.；④themethodof__(doing)sth.defenc

en．[U]保卫，防卫[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义①Thestrongwallsofthecastleservedasagooddefence(defend)againsttheattacks.②Whenadogattackedme,

Ipickedupasticktodefendmyself(I)．③Itissaidthatthemurdererhademployedafamouslawyertodefendhim.辩护[能力提升]——完成句子④这座纪念碑是为了纪念那些

为保卫国家而牺牲的士兵们。Themonumentisinmemoryofthesoldierswhodiedin__defence__of__their__country．(1)defend...fr

om/against保护……免受伤害defendoneself自卫(2)defencen.保卫；保护；辩护；答辩indefence(of...)为了保卫(……)(3)defendern.防御者[佳句背诵]I

tisthenatureofparentstodoalltheycantodefendtheirchildfromharmanddanger.父母的本性是竭尽全力保护他们的孩子免受伤害和危险。majoradj.主要的；重要的；严重的vi.主修[基础练习]——完成句子

/单句语法填空①Iguessthattheremaybea__major__misunderstanding__between__us(我们之间可能有严重的误会)．②InthatcompanyIonceworked,womenworkersar

einthemajority.[能力提升]——微写作③(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)作为主修英语的毕业生，我很高兴申请这个职位。Asagraduatemajoring__in__the__English__language,__Ifeel

excitedtoapplyfortheposition.(1)majorin主修(2)inthemajority占大多数themajorityof大多数……[佳句背诵]Asamatteroffact,heinspiredmetomajorinEnglishincollege,tob

eabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.事实上，他激励我在大学主修英语，成为中国和世界之间的桥梁。(北京卷书面表达)ingeneral总的来说；通常[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Petercanbereallydifficultt

odealwithattimeseventhoughhe’sanicepersoningeneral.②Asageneralrule,themoreexpensivethecomputeris,thebetterit

is.[能力提升]——一句多译(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一般来说，你不应晚于安排好的时间到达。③Generally__speaking,__yourarrivalshouldn’tbelaterthanthefixedtime.④In__general,__youshouldn’tarri

velaterthanthefixedtime.(1)generalknowledge常识asageneralrule一般而言；通常(2)generallyspeaking总体而言；一般而言[佳句背诵]Ingenera

l,though,studyinginternationalcustomscancertainlyhelpavoiddifficultiesintoday’sworldofculturalcrossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免文化交往中的

困难！[名师点津]ingeneral意为“总的来说；通常”，常常作插入语，可放在句首或句中。atease舒适；快活；自由自在[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Weliveinanagewhenmoreinformatio

nisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.②Ieasedhimofhisdifficultybytellinghimwhattodo.③Beforetheinterview,theinterviewerworeabrightsmileonh

isface,puttingusatease.[能力提升]——完成句子④当你感到紧张时，你最好听一些轻音乐使自己放松一下。Whenyoufeelnervous,you’dbetterlistentosomelightmusictoput__yourself__at

__ease．(1)feel/lookatease感到/看上去心情放松putsb.atease使某人放松takeone’sease休息；轻松一下(2)withease轻易地；毫不费力地(3)easeone’smind使某人安心easesb.ofsth.减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等

)[佳句背诵]Ingeneral,wedon’tfeelateaseinthestrangesurroundings.通常，我们在陌生的环境里感到不舒服。loseface丢脸；失面子[基础练习]——用face的相关短语填空①LiMingfeelshewilllose

__faceinfrontofhisclassmatesifhedoesn’tanswerthequestioncorrectly.②Weshouldhaveatalkwitheachotherface__to__facetos

olvetheproblem.[能力提升]——一句多译面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。③Faced__with/Facing__difficulties,__theynevergiveupbuttrytheirbesttofind

awayout.(facev．)④In__the__face__of__difficulties,__theynevergiveupbuttrytheirbesttofindawayout.(facen．)(1)sa

veone’sface挽回面子makeaface做鬼脸(2)facetoface面对面in(the)faceof面对(问题、困难、危险等)(3)befacedwith面对[佳句背诵]You’dbettermakegreateffortstoachi

eveit,otherwiseyouwillloseface.你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。the＋序数词＋n.＋todosth.(教材P26)ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafr

omColombia,closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①IfIhaveanyfurther

news,youwillbethefirstpersonto__know(know)．②AsfarasIknow,Amywastheonlypersonto__witness(witness)thecaraccident.③Therewasnosignalinthat

farawayvillageandallmyattemptsto__contact(contact)youfailed.[能力提升]——微写作④(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)我能说一口流利的英语，我是班上第一个出国深造的学生。IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIam

the__first__student__in__my__class__to__go__abroadforfurtherstudy.(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰或前有thenext,

theonly,thelast等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有ability,chance,ambition,offer,anxiety,answer,reply,attempt,belief等。[佳句背诵]I

wouldreallyliketointerviewYangLiweibecauseheisnotonlythefirstChinesetogotospacebutalsooneofthegreatestastronautsintheworld.我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的

中国人，他也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。belikelytodosth.有可能做某事(教材P26)However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouthAmericancountriesappr

oachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytotouchthem.不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且可能会(用身体)接触对方。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Thatmeansthepriceislikely(like)tog

odownbecauseofthecompetition.②IhavelearnedthatMr.Browndisagreeswithyou.Yoursuggestionisunlikely(like)tobeacceptedunderthepresentcondition.[能力提升]—

—一句多译(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你不懂中国的餐桌礼仪你有可能使你的朋友感到尴尬。③It__is__likely__that__you__make__your__friends__feel__embarrassedifyoudon’tknowChina’stabl

emanners.④You__are__likely__to__make__your__friends__feel__embarrassedifyoudon’tknowChina’stablemanners.(1)Sb./Sth.belikelytodosth.＝It’slik

elythat...做某事是可能的。(2)Sb./Sth.beunlikelytodosth.＝It’sunlikelythat...做某事是不可能的。(3)Itisprobable/possiblethat...可能…

…[佳句背诵]Youarelikelytosufferfrombadhealthifyoukeepsmoking.如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康可能会受到损害。[名师点津](1)possible的主语不可以是人，只能用it作形式主语，其构成为Itispossibleforsb.

todosth.或Itispossiblethat...。(2)probable一般不用表人的词作主语，只能用Sth.isprobable.或者Itisprobablethat...。Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．Atth

emeetingtheydiscussedthreedifferentapproaches(approach)tothestudyofmathematics.2．It’sknownthatfacial(face)expressionsandbodylanguagecanexpre

ssyourfeelingsatthesametime.3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)ManyChinesepeoplehaveamisunderstanding(misunderstand)oftraditions.Theythinktraditionmeansoldt

hingsfromthepast.4．Atfirstsight,thereisnothingspecialaboutthiswatch,butinfactit’samobilephonewithvariousfunctions(function)．5．Iwastruly(true)in

spiredbyhiswordsanddeterminedtoworkhardertocatchupwithothers.6．Representing(represent)ourschool,I’mwritingtoconveymysincereappreciationt

oyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.7．Mr.Brownisahighlyeducatedmansohedidn’texpresshisanger(angry)befor

etheguestsyesterday.8．Accordingtohisstatement(state),childrenunder16arenotallowedtojointheclub.Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．(浙江卷)Studi

esshowthatpeoplewhovolunteerarelesslikelyto__develop(develop)depression(抑郁)thanpeoplewhodon’t.2．Thelibrar

yisfunctioningasatemporaryhospitaltocopewithpeopleinjuredintheearthquake.3．ShandongProvinceproduced50millionpoundsofapplesthisyear,ranking(rank

)thesecondinChina.4．Having__realized(realize)thatitwasmyfaultthatcausedtheexperimenttofail,Idecidedtoapo

logizetomypartner.5．HeplannedtolearnKongfuinthesummerholidayssothathecandefendhimselfagainstbeingattacked.Ⅲ.易错误用

(改正下列句子中的错误)1．HisfatherdiedwhenhewasonabusinesstripinAmerica,lefthimalotofmoney.left→leaving2．Havingbeenmadefullpreparations,wearereadyforthe

examination.删除been3．WangYapinghasbecomethesecondChinesewomanastronautworkinspace.在work前加to4．Wewouldhaveavoidedmakesuchamistake,butwedidnotfollo

whissoundadvice.make→making5．Hesatbackinthechair,tookabookandbegantoread,lookingratheratanease.删除an6．Then

ewcellphoneshavelotsoffunctions,butasforme,theyarenotofgreatuseful.useful→useⅣ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)1．(2019·天津卷阅读D)Mostofhisadultlifeha

sbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-kno

ws-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.v.起作用；运转2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesig

nersapproachthisimportantpoint.v.处理3．Itisastonishingthatthepicturerepresentsahuntingscene.vt.描绘4．Colleaguesaret

ryingtoeasethepressuresheisunderatwork.vt.释放；缓解提能一语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)(一)1．Ingeneral,peoplefromdifferentcultur

eshavedifferentwaystogreeteachother,andthustheyare2.likely(like)tohavemisunderstandingsandlosefacewhen3.communicating(communicate)．Tofeel4.ateaseina

foreigncountry,thefirstthing5.to__do(do)ismakesureyoufollowthecustomsofthelocalpeople.(二)Iamvery1.cu

rious(curiosity)abouthowTomdoessowellinhisstudies.He2.majors(major)inphysics,3.averydifficultcourseatcollege.Itseemsthathecanalwaysfindagoodapproacht

o4.solving(solve)theproblems.Beforeanimportantexam,hewillmakegoodpreparationsandtrytoreducestressbylis

teningtomusic.Hewillgetthehighestmarks,5.ranking(rank)thefirstinhisclass.提能二话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)假设你是某中学的学

生会主席李华。上周，你校邀请美国某大学的史密斯教授来校做了一场关于各国身势语的专题讲座。请你代表你校全体学生，用英语给他写一封感谢信。1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)①我代表我校全体学生，感谢您上周所做的关于身势语的讲座。(现在分词作状语)Re

presenting__every__student__of__our__school,__I’mwritingtoconveyourappreciationtoyouforthe__lecture__concerning__body__languageyougave

uslastweek.②您的讲座不仅给我们留下了很深的印象而且拓宽了我们的视野。Your__lecture__has__not__only__left__a__deep__impression__on__us__but__also__broad

ened__our__horizons.③通过讲座，我们知道各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，手势意思也不同。Throughthelecture,welearnedthatnot__all__cultures__greet__people__in__the__same__w

aynoragesturemeansthesame.④“OK”的手势在巴西是粗鲁的，摇头在某些国家意味着“是”，这都是我们以前所不知道的。Thegesturefor“OK”isrudeinBrazil

andshaking__one’s__head__means__“yes”__in__some__countries,__whichwehaveneverknownbefore.⑤我们相信这些知识在我们与来自其他文化的人们交流时非常有益。Weareconvince

dthattheknowledgewillbeverybeneficialwhenwecommunicate__with__people__from__other__cultures．⑥在交流中有可能有误解。There__are__likely

__to__be__some__misunderstandings__in__communication.2．升级平淡句⑦用倒装句升级句②Not__only__has__your__lecture__left__a__deep__impression__on__us__but__also__

broadened__our__horizons.⑧用非谓语动词升级句⑤We__are__convinced__that__the__knowledge__will__be__very__beneficial__when__commun

icating__with__people__from__other__cultures.3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：inaword,forexample,otherwise)_______________

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____________Onepossibleversion：DearProfessorSmith，Representingeverystudentofourschool,I’mwritingtoconv

eyourappreciationtoyouforthelectureconcerningbodylanguageyougaveuslastweek.Inaword,notonlyhasyourlecture

leftadeepimpressiononusbutalsobroadenedourhorizons.Throughthelecture,welearnedthatnotallculturesgreetpeopleinthesamewaynoragesturemeansthesame.F

orexample,thegesturefor“OK”isrudeinBrazilandshakingone’sheadmeans“yes”insomecountries,whichwehaveneverknownbefore.

Weareconvincedthattheknowledgewillbeverybeneficialwhencommunicatingwithpeoplefromothercultures.Otherwise,therea

relikelytobesomemisunderstandingsincommunication.Thanksagainforyourwonderfullecture.Yours，LiHua(建议用时：40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020·昆明高三诊断)Who’r

ehappier,menorwomen?Researchshowsit’sacomplexquestionandthataskingwhethermalesorfemalesarehappierisn’

treallythathelpful,becausebasically,happinessisdifferentforwomenandmen.Women’shappinesshasbeendeclin

ingforthepast30years,accordingtorecentstatistics.Andresearchshowsthatwomenaretwiceaslikelytoexperiencedepre

ssioncomparedwithmen.Gender(性别)differencesindepressionarewellconfirmedandstudieshavefoundthatbiological,psychologicalandsocialfac

torscontributetothedifference.Earlystudiesongenderandhappinessfoundmenandwomenweresocializedtoexpressdifferentfeelings.Womenaremorelikelytoex

presshappiness,warmthandfear,whichhelpwithsocialbondingandappearmoreconsistentwiththetraditionalroleasap

rimarycaregiver,whilemendisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect,whicharemoreconsistentwithaprotectorandproviderrole.Rec

entresearchsuggeststhatthesedifferencesarenotjustsocially,butalsogeneticallyrelated.Studieshavelookedintothesefindingsfurtheranddiscoveredthatfemale

susemoreareasofthebraincontainingmirrorneurons(镜像神经元)thanmaleswhentheyprocessfeelings.Mirrorneuronsallowustoe

xperiencetheworldfromotherpeople’sview,tounderstandtheiractionsandintentions.Thismayexplainwhywomencanexperienced

eepersadness.Womentendtoexperiencemorenegativefeelings,suchasmoreguilt,shameandtoalesserdegree,embarrassment.Psychologicallyitseemsmenandwomendiffer

inthewaytheyprocessandexpressfeelings.Withtheexceptionofanger,womenexperiencefeelingsmorestronglyandsharetheirfeeli

ngsmoreopenlywithothers.Studieshavefoundinparticularthatwomenexpressmoreappreciation—whichhasbeenlinked

togreaterhappiness.Thissupportsthetheorythatwomen’shappinessismoredependentonrelationshipsthanmen’s.【解题导语】本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍

了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。1．Whichfeelingaremenmorelikelytoshowcomparedwithwomen?A．Warmth.B．Depression.C．Happiness.D．Disrespect.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“whilem

endisplaymoreanger,prideanddisrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。2．Whatfactorscausewomentosharefeelingsmoreopenly?A．Psychologicalfactors.B．Biologica

lfactors.C．Educationalfactors.D．Socialfactors.A解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自

己内心的情感。3．Onecanprobablyreadthetextfrom________．A．asciencefictionB．aculturebrochureC．anurseryguideD．ahealthmagazineD解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会

、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Menandwomendifferinbi

ologyandpsychology.B．Menandwomenexperiencehappinessdifferently.C．Socialroleshaveagreateffectonmenandwomen.D．Women’shappinesshasdeclinedin

thepastyears.B解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。B(2020·贵阳监测)Youtrytokeepyoureyeswideopenwhilewatchingabasketballmat

chorawonderfulfireworkshowincaseyoumightmisssomethingexcitinginjusttheblinkofaneye.Butinfact,humansblinkabout15timesperminuteonaver

age.Haveyouevermissedanythingbecauseyoublinked?Probablynot.Whyisthat?AccordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyinSeptember,ourb

rainhastheabilitytoskipthetemporarydarknesswhenweblink.Itcankeepvisualinformationforashortperiodoftimeandthenputitt

ogethertoformanimagewithoutinterruption.Inordertounderstandhowthisworks,agroupofscientistsattheGermanPrimateCenterandtheUniversityMedic

alCenterGo··ttingeninGermanyconductedanexperiment.Inthestudy,theparticipantswereaskedtolookatpatternsonascreenw

hosedirectioncouldbeinterpretedindifferentways,suchashorizontally(水平地)orvertically(垂直地).Whenonepatternwasaboutt

odisappearandthenextonewasabouttocome,theparticipantshadtoindicatethedirectionthatthenextpatternwouldappear.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenth

edirectionsoftwopatternsdidn’tmatch,theareainourbrainwhichisresponsibleforvisualmemorywasactivated.Thissameareashowedlessact

ivitywhentwopatternswereinthesamedirection.“Themedialprefrontalcortex(额叶皮层)adjustscurrentvisualinformationwithpreviouslyobtainedinformation,an

dthusenablesustoperceivetheworldwithmorestability,evenwhenwebrieflycloseoureyestoblink，”CasparSchwiedrzikexplainedinScienceDaily

.HeisthefirstauthorofthestudyandalsoascientistattheGermanPrimateCenter.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，眨眼并不会错过细节并解释了其原因。5．Wedon’tmissanythingwhenblinkingbecaus

eourbraincan________．A．dealwiththemissingimageB．rememberallthatweseeC．imaginewhatoureyesmissD．putourpiecesofmemorytogetherA解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Ac

cordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologyinSeptember,ourbrainhastheabilitytoskipthetemporarydarkne

sswhenweblink.”可知，根据九月份发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究，我们的大脑有能力跳过我们眨眼时形成的暂时黑暗。据此可推知，由于我们的大脑能处理丢失的图像，所以眨眼不会让我们错过任何东西，故A项正确。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inpa

ragraph2referto?A．Ourbrain.B．Visualinformation.C．CurrentBiology.D．Thetemporarydarkness.B解析：代词指代题。根据第二段第二句“Itcankee

pvisualinformationforashortperiodoftimeandthenputittogethertoformanimagewithoutinterruption.”可知，大脑可以在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起

形成不中断的图像，故可推知，it指代上文中的“visualinformation”，故B项正确。7．Whatdoweknowabouttheexperiment?A．Thetwopatternsappearatthesame

time.B．Visualmemorycanbemoreactivatedbysimilarity.C．Participantscaninterpretpatternsdifferently.D．Thedifferentdirectionsact

ivatedvisualmemory.D解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“...whenthedirectionsoftwopatternsdidn’tmatch,theareainourbrainwhichisresponsibleforvisualmemorywasactivated.Thi

ssameareashowedlessactivitywhentwopatternswereinthesamedirection.”可知，当两个模式的方向不一致时，掌握视觉记忆的大脑区域被激活；当两种模式在同一个方向时，这个区域显示出较少的活动。据此可知，不同的方向能激活视觉记忆，故D项正确

。8．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．TheBrain’sStructureB．TheBrain’sActivatedPatternsC．TheBrain’sSpecialSkillD．Th

eBrain’sOrientationC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个科学研究。研究表明，眨眼不会错过细节并解释了其原因，即大脑有能力在短时间内保存视觉信息，然后将其组合在一起形成不中断的图像信息。故C项最适合作本文的标题。【难句分析】

Youtrytokeepyoureyeswideopenwhilewatchingabasketballmatchorawonderfulfireworkshowincaseyoumightmisssomethingexc

itinginjusttheblinkofaneye.分析：该句为主从复合句，句中“whilewatchingabasketballmatchorawonderfulfireworkshow”为while引导的时间状语从句，其中省略了youare;“incaseyoumi

ghtmisssomethingexcitinginjusttheblinkofaneye”为incase引导的条件状语从句。译文：在观看篮球比赛或精彩的烟花表演时，你努力睁大眼睛，以防转眼之间错过一些令人兴奋的事情。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·贵阳高三摸底)Barr

yWhite,Jr.,afifthgradeEnglishteacheratAshleyParkPreK­8School,hasapersonalizedhandshakeasgreetingswitheveryone

ofhisstudentseveryday.“Thestudentsknowthatwhenthey__1__theschoolgatewedoour‘goodmornings’，andthenit’stimeto__2__，”W

hitetoldABCNewsofhisenthusiastic__3__.“I’malwayspumpedup__4__westartdoingthemoves.Thatbringsthem__5__andcheersthemupforahigh-ene

rgy__6__．”Eachhandshakeisdifferent,usingcustommovesinspiredbythestudent’spersonality.“Istartedwithonesimplehandshakelastye

arwithoneofmy__7__graders，”heexplained.“Thegirloffourthgradewould__8__meeverymorningbeforeshe’dgotoclass.She’dgetintotroubles

ometimesforbeinglatebecauseshe’dwaitonthe__9__．”“ThisyearIstarted__10__handshakeswiththekidsduringclassbreaks.Itwasjustoneortwostudentsandt

henitbecamecontagious(有感染力的)，”he__11__.“Isawhowmuchit__12__tothem,soIsaid,‘Comeon,everyone!Comeon.’Thenitwasmy__13__class,thenit

waskidsfromotherclasses.NowIhavethirdgraderswantingtodoittoo.”Hisadministrationlovesthe__14__whichWhitebringstohisstudentseac

hday.“Barry’shandshakes__15__hisownauthentic(真实的)buildingrelationshipswith__16__.WhenIwalkintomyteachers’rooms,Iseet

he__17__ofthosestrongandtrustingrelationships.Whenkidsknowtheirteacher__18__them,theyareattentive,engagedanddriventobe__19__.That’stheculturewea

re__20__，”saidprincipal(校长)MeaghanLoftus.【解题导语】每天，五年级的英语老师White老师都使用一种个性化的握手来问候每一位学生。这种问候方式始于与一位四年级的学生握手，之后又感染了其他学生，连其

他班和三年级的学生都参与进来。White老师这种与学生构建真实的关系使学生专心学习的方式受到所在学校校长的赞赏。1．A.gettoB．searchforC．breakintoD．knockatA解析：根据句中的“theschoolgate”可知，White老师问候学生是在

学生到校的时候，因此这里指学生到达大门口时。2．A.leaveB．tryC．stopD．goD解析：根据上文中的“wedoour‘goodmornings’”可知，师生问候之后，学生就该离开去教室了。故选D。3．A.greetingsB．helpingsC．servingsD．tre

atingA解析：根据下文中的“westartdoingthemoves.Thatbringsthem______andcheersthemup”可知，White在讲述他问候学生的相关内容。helping“帮助”；serving“一份食物”。4．A.orB．andC．butD．fo

rB解析：句中的“I’malwayspumpedup”描述的是White的精神状态，“westartdoingthemoves”是之后的行动，这里是顺承关系，因此用连词and。5．A.reliefB．envyC．sor

rowD．excitementD解析：根据下文中的“cheersthemup”可知，和学生握手的问候方式让学生们很兴奋。relief“安慰”；envy“忌妒”；sorrow“悲伤”；excitement“兴奋，

激动”。6．A.meetingB．quarrelC．classD．foodC解析：根据语境可知，问候是在早上上课开始之前进行的，学生们对此感到很兴奋，因此这样的方式让学生在上课期间效率很高，因此选C。7．A.thirdB．fourthC．fifthD．sixthB解析：根据下文中

的“Thegirloffourthgrade”可知，White开始握手是和一位四年级的学生。8．A.nodtoB．smileatC．waitforD．knockintoC解析：根据本句中的“everymorningbefores

he’dgotoclass”可知，这个四年级的女孩每天早上等着和White握手后才去上课。故选C。9．A.headmasterB．teacherC．handshakeD．administrationC解析：根据上文可知，这个女孩是因为等着与White握手才迟到的，句中的becaus

e解释迟到的原因。10．A.discussingB．classifyingC．confirmingD．makingD解析：根据语境可知，此处表示“握手”，故应用make，构成动词短语makehandshakeswith...“与……握手”。cl

assify“将……分类”；confirm“证实”。11．A.addedB．shoutedC．repeatedD．respondedA解析：上文中的第二段和第四段都有White接受采访时说的话，此处是他又补充说的话

，因此选A，意为“补充说”。12．A.owedB．tookC．meantD．lentC解析：根据上文中的“Itwasjustoneortwostudentsandthenitbecamecontagious(有感染力的)”可知，老师与学生的握手对学生很重要，故

选C项“重要，意义重大”。13．A.formerB．fullC．emptyD．boringB解析：根据上文中的“thenitbecamecontagious(有感染力的)”和下文的“thenitwaskidsfromotherclasses

.NowIhavethirdgraderswantingtodoittoo”可知，全班的学生都想和White握手。14．A.challengeB．justiceC．chanceD．enthusiasmD解析：根据下文中的“Whenkidsknowtheirteacher______them,t

heyareattentive,engagedanddriven”可知，White的问候方式给学生们的学习带来了热情，故选D。第二段中的“WhitetoldABCNewsofhisenthusiastic”也是提示。15．A.denyB．representC．admitD．e

xpectB解析：由语境可知，此处是校长对White用握手来问候学生的看法，故B项“代表”符合语境。deny“否认”；admit“承认”；expect“期望”。16．A.studentsB．colleaguesC．parentsD．membersA

解析：根据上文可知，White用握手的方式来问候学生，故选students。17．A.confidenceB．patienceC．influenceD．pressureC解析：根据下文中的“theyareattentive,engaged”可知

，此处指牢固、信任的(师生)关系所起的作用。18．A.doubtsB．hesitatesC．intendsD．caresD解析：根据上文中师生能建立牢固、信任的关系可知，这里应指当学生知道他们的老师关心他们时。19．A.successfulB

．politeC．gentleD．helpfulA解析：根据语境可知，此处表示老师的关心是学生成功的动力。20．A.analyzingB．buildingC．describingD．changingB解析：根据本段中

校长说的话可知，校长对White的做法是持赞赏态度的，因此此处应是说White营造的这种师生关系氛围也是学校提倡建立的文化，故选B。Ⅲ.短文改错(2020·深圳第一次调研)Ihaveadreamtobeadoctor.Threeyearsag

o,Iambadlyinjuredincaraccident.Theambulancerushedmetothenearesthospital,thatthedoctorsandnursesdidtheirbesttolookaftermyself.Fiveda

yslate,Iwasgettingbetter.Iwatchedthedoctorstoperformtheirdutiestirelesslybutofferalltheirpatientsthebesttreatmentavailable.Mye

xperienceinthathospitalgreatinfluencedme.Sincethen,Ihavemadeitmylife’sambitiontofightagainstdiseasesandsavelife.IknowmydreamwillcometrueifIkeepworkh

ardforit.答案：Ihaveadreamtobeadoctor.Threeyearsago,Iam①wasbadlyinjuredin∧②acaraccident.Theambulancerushedmetothenearesthospital,that③wh

erethedoctorsandnursesdidtheirbesttolookaftermyself④me.Fivedayslate⑤later，Iwasgettingbetter.Iwatchedthedoctors⑥to＼perf

ormtheirdutiestirelesslybut⑦andofferalltheirpatientsthebesttreatmentavailable.Myexperienceinthathospitalgreat⑧greatlyinfluence

dme.Sincethen,Ihavemadeitmylife’sambitiontofightagainstdiseasesandsavelife⑨lives.IknowmydreamwillcometrueifIkeepwork⑩workingha

rdforit.①am改为was。根据本句中的时间状语Threeyearsago可知，时态应用一般过去时。故将am改为was。②在car前加a。此处泛指一次车祸，且accident为可数名词。故在car前加a。③that改为where。分析句子结构可知

，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为thenearesthospital，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where，故将that改为where。④myself改为me。此处表示医生和护士尽最大努力照顾“我”。

此处作lookafter的宾语，应用宾格，主语和宾语并非同一人，不能用反身代词。故将myself改为me。⑤late改为later。句意：五天后，我好多了。late意为“晚(的)；迟(的)”，later意为“随后；之后”。根据

句意可知，此处应用later。故将late改为later。⑥删除to。watchsb.dosth.为固定搭配，意为“看某人做某事”。此处指作者在医院时看到医生们不知疲倦地履行他们的职责。故删除to。⑦but改为a

nd。句意：我看到医生们不知疲倦地履行他们的职责并为所有病人提供可行的最佳治疗(方案)。offeralltheirpatientsthebesttreatmentavailable和前面的performtheirdutiestirelessly是并列关系，而非转折关系。故将but改为and。⑧g

reat改为greatly。句中的influenced是动词，应用副词来修饰，故此处应用greatly，表示“非常；十分；极大地”。故将great改为greatly。⑨life改为lives。句意：从那以后，我

把与疾病抗争和拯救生命作为自己的人生理想。此处“拯救生命”并非指一个人的生命，应用复数形式。故将life改为lives。⑩work改为working。keepdoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”。故将work改为working

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