英语考前突破讲义:专题1语法知识第十节含解析

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第十节形容词与副词1.常考副词though,therefore,meanwhile,moreover,however的用法和区别。2.形容词、副词的比较级(1)比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still

,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit等。(2)比较级+than...“比……更……”。(3)the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”。3.形容词、副词的最高级(1)三者或三者以上的比较用

最高级。(2)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike等。(3)“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。4.几种带有否定词的比较句型(1)nobetterthan表示“和……一

样;实际等于……”。(2)nomore...than表示“同……一样不……”。(3)noless...than表示“和……一样……;不逊于……”。5.表示倍数的几个句型(1)倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as...(2)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than..

.(3)倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/height等)+of...(4)the+名词+be+倍数+what从句...(5)the+名词+be+倍数+that/thoseof...1.Unliketraditionalgyms,app-backed

gymsofferpeopleoptionstoexercise.(2019·江苏,28)A.casualB.regularC.flexibleD.tight答案C解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:与传统的健身

房不同,有软件支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual随便的;regular规则的;flexible灵活的;tight紧的。2.Adog’seatinghabitrequiresregulartr

ainingbeforeitisestablished.(2019·天津,15)A.properlyB.widelyC.originallyD.temporarily答案A解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:狗的饮食习惯需要定期的训练才能正确地养成。pro

perly正确地;widely广泛地;originally最初;temporarily临时地。故选A。3.Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageristoinvestinsufficienttra

iningforhisstaff.(2018·江苏,34)A.keenB.reluctantC.anxiousD.ready答案B解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:虽然宾馆的服务很差,但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。reluctant意为“

不情愿的”,符合语境。keen渴望的,着迷的;anxious担心的,焦虑的;ready准备好的,愿意的。4.OnlyfiveyearsafterSteveJobs’death,smart-phonesd

efeatedPCsinsales.(2017·江苏,29)A.controversialB.contradictoryC.confidentialD.conventional答案D解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年之后,智能手机的销售额就打败了

传统的个人电脑。语境提到smart-phones(智能手机),与之对应的PCs(personalcomputers)应该用形容词conventional修饰,表示“传统的”。controversial有争议的;contradictory自相矛盾的

;confidential机密的。故选D。5.Thedisappearanceofdinosaursisnotnecessarilycausedbyastronomicalincidents.But______explanationsarehardtofind.(2017·江苏,34)A.alt

ernativeB.aggressiveC.ambiguousD.apparent答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:恐龙的灭绝不一定是因为天体的碰撞,但也难以找到别的解释。空格处与前面的“未必”(notnecessarily)呼应,这里用alternative表示“另外的,可替

代的”。aggressive好斗的,挑衅的;ambiguous模棱两可的,不明确的;apparent显而易见的,明白的。6.Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrighteningexperience,ifyouaretravelli

ngathighspeed.(2016·浙江,13)A.eventuallyB.strangelyC.merelyD.especially答案D解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:突然停下来可能是一次非常可怕

的经历,尤其是你正在高速行驶时。especially特别,尤其,符合语境。eventually最终;strangely奇怪地;merely仅仅,只。7.Ihavealwaysenjoyedallthe

eventsyouorganizedandIhopetoattendinthecomingyears.(2016·浙江,18)A.littlemoreB.nomoreC.muchmoreD.manymore答案D解析考查比较级。句意为:我一直喜欢你组织的所有活动,希望

在未来几年里能参加更多的活动。manymore后省略了events。根据句意可知选D。8.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathoroughandreviewofthecase.(2015·江苏,31)A.comprehensiveB.complica

tedC.consciousD.crucial答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底、详尽的审查。comprehensive综合的,详尽的;complicated复杂的;conscious有意识的;crucial至关重要的。

根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的,细致的)意思相近。故选A项。9.Mostofus,ifweknowevenalittleaboutwhereourfoodcomesfrom,understandthateverybiteputintoourmouthswasaliv

e.(2015·浙江,13)A.steadilyB.instantlyC.formerlyD.permanently答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。句意为:我们大多数人,如果对食物来源多少知道一点点的话,就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是有生命的。formerl

y以前,从前,符合语境。steadily稳固地,坚定地,不动摇地;instantly立刻,马上;permanently永久地,长期不变地。10.LittleTomsatwatchingthemonkeydancinginfrontofhim.(2015·四川,9)A.amaz

eB.amazingC.amazedD.toamaze答案C解析考查形容词作状语。句意为:小汤姆吃惊地坐在那儿看着小猴子在他面前跳舞。根据句意以及句子结构可知,空格处为形容词作状语,说明主语的状态。主要考查B、C之间的区别,amazing令人吃惊的,常修饰物;amazed感到吃惊的,常修

饰人。根据句意,本题选C。11.Thanksforyourdirectionstothehouse;wewouldn’thavefoundit.(2014·江西,23)A.nowhereB.howeverC.otherwis

eD.instead答案C解析考查副词词义辨析。nowhere无处;however然而;otherwise否则,要不然;instead反而。句意为:谢谢你为我们指路,要不然我们找不到那所房子。故C项正确。诊断报告考向

对应题号我的薄弱环节1形容词与副词的词义辨析1,2,3,4,5,6,8,92形容词和副词的比较等级73形容词作状语104连接副词辨析11解题方法1.形容词词义辨析法形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多,在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析

所给选项。2.副词词义辨析法副词的考查在高考试题中也比较多,在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说,要注意:(1)一些副词的具体含义;(2)一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。考点1形容词与副词的词义辨析1.Tomissocreativeapersonthathealwayshaslot

sofideasinhismind,andsometimeswedon’tevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.A.meanB.novelC.slimD.instant答案B解析考查形容词词义辨析

。mean吝啬的,刻薄的;novel新奇的;slim苗条的;instant立即的。句意为:汤姆是那样一个有创造力的人,以至于他心中总是有很多新奇的想法。有时我们甚至不知道他在想什么。2.Pollutionhasreachedhighleve

linsomeurbanareas,whichisquiteworrying.A.disturbinglyB.slightlyC.exactlyD.flexibly答案A解析考查副词词义辨析。disturbingly令人不安地;slig

htly轻微地;exactly恰好地;flexibly灵活地。句意为:一些城市地区的污染已经达到了令人不安的程度,这是相当令人担忧的。3.Hiscomprehensivesurveyshaveprovidedthemoststatementsofhow,andonwhatbasis,

dataarecollected.(2016·江苏,31)A.explicitB.ambiguousC.originalD.arbitrary答案A解析考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:他全面的调查提供了关于如何收集信

息及在什么基础上收集信息的最清楚明确的说明。explicit清楚的,明晰的,详述的;ambiguous模棱两可的,含糊不清的;original起初的,原来的;arbitrary任意的,随心所欲的。考点归纳解决词义辨析题的关键是牢记

某些高频词的词义,掌握词义的有效办法就是通过语境去记忆,通过背诵句子来记忆词汇的音、形、义。1.—Didhebreakitaccidentally(=byaccident/bychance)?—No,purposely(=onpurpose).

——他是不小心把它打碎了吗?——不是,是故意地。2.Searchyourheartandaskifyou’reequallytoblame.扪心自问,你是不是同样也应该受到谴责。3.I’mespeciall

y(=particularly)fondofpopsongs.我尤其喜欢流行音乐。4.Eventually(=Finally),hemadeit.他终于成功了。创设语境牢记下列高考高频词汇:increasingly,largely,meanwhile,

merely,completely,partly,practically,rarely,accessible,accurate,adaptable,addicted,adorable,affordab

le,aggressive,alternative,apparent,artificial,available,casual,cautious,complex,confident,constant,contradictor

y,controversial,dramatic,effective,flexible,frequent,individual,inevitable,optional,permanent,potential

,relevant,skeptical,secure,sensitive,responsible,subtle,transparent,unique等。考点2形容词与副词的比较等级1.Nowadaystherolesofhusbandandwifeare

notasdefinedasbefore,especiallywhenbothpartnersworkandearnmoneyforthefamily.A.clearB.clearerC.clearlyD.moreclearly答案C解析根据语法

知识可知,as...as...为同级比较结构,as与as之间要用形容词或副词的原级,故选项B和D首先被排除;又由于此处define作动词,它要用副词来修饰,故选C项。句意为:现在丈夫和妻子的角色不像以前定义的那么明确,尤其是双方都工

作为家庭挣钱的情形下。2.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiestti

meD.amuchhappiertime答案D解析本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中,句意为:如果没有考试,我们在学校里会过得更开心。much可用来修饰比较级;haveahappytime过得开心。3.—Howisyourrecen

ttriptoSichuan?—I’veneverhadonebefore.A.apleasantB.amorepleasantC.amostpleasantD.themostpleasant答案B解析“否定词(never)+比较级”表

示最高级的含义,表示这次四川之行是到目前为止玩得最开心的一次旅行,故答案为B。句意为:——你最近去四川的旅行怎么样?——我以前从未玩得这么开心过。4.Light-to-moderatesmokersweretodieofsuddenheartproblemsthanthosewh

ohadneversmoked.A.astwicelikelyB.twicemorepossibleC.twicemorelikelyD.astwicepossible答案C解析句意为:轻度至中度吸烟者死于突发心脏病的可能性是从不吸烟的人的两倍。倍数表达法为“倍

数+形容词/副词比较级+than...”;possible不用表示人的词作主语,故选C。考点归纳(一)形容词与副词的比较级1.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),alot,alitt

le,agreatdeal,byfar,abit等。2.比较级+than...“比……更……”;less...than“不如……”3.the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”4.the+比较级+of(the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”(1)—G

oodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysevenbetterthanthosemadeinChina.—Yes.Someofthegoodsmadeinourcountryar

eofhighquality.——国外进口的商品并不一定比中国做得更好。——没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很好。(2)It’sbelievedthattheharderyouwork,thebetterresultyou’llget.人们相信,工作越努力,得到的结果将越好。(二)形容词与副

词的最高级1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。2.最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notreally,notquite,nothinglike等。3.“否定词+比较级”表示最

高级意义。(1)Thehappiestarenotthosewhoownallthebestthings,butthosewhocanappreciatethebeautyoflife.最幸福的人们并不是拥有最好的东西的人,而是那些懂得欣赏生活

的美好的人。(2)Ican’tagreewithyoumore,butwecan’taffordthemoney.我非常同意你的观点,但我们负担不起这笔费用。(三)表示倍数的几个句型1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as...2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than...3.倍数+the+性

质名词(size/length/height等)+of...4.The+名词+be+倍数+what从句5.The+名词+be+倍数+that/thoseof...(1)Thenewstadiumbeingbuilt

forthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbigasthepresentone.为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。(2)MrHiltonisverypleasedwiththenewly-builth

ouse,whichisalmosttwicethesizeoftheoneheusedtolivein.希尔顿先生对新建的房子很满意,这个房子几乎是他过去居住房子的两倍大。考点3形容词作状语1.Theycamebackfromtheirlong

walkandwentintobed,.A.tiredlybutrelaxingB.tiredbutrelaxingC.tiredlybutrelaxedD.tiredbutrelaxed答案D解析tired和relaxed都是过去

分词转化来的形容词,这里用形容词短语作状语说明主语的特征。句意为:他们经过长途跋涉回来后就上床睡觉了,人很累但是很放松。2.—CouldyoupleaseexplaintheassignmentforMonday,Mis

sSmith?—Certainly.Readthenextchapterandcometoclasstodiscusswhatyou’veread.A.preparingB.preparedC.toprepareD.tobeprepared答案B解析句意为:——史密斯小姐

,请说明一下周一的任务好吗?——当然可以。阅读下一章,来上课的时候准备好讨论你所读的内容。根据句子结构可知设空处应为状语,表示状态。此处prepared为过去分词转换为形容词,强调状态,说明到学校的时候已经准备好了。考点归纳形容词作状语表示伴随或结果,并不表示动

作的方式。(1)Havingbeenoutoftouchwithhisparentsfortwoyears,Jonesreturnedhome,safeandsound.与父母失去联系两年后,琼斯安然无恙地回到了家中。

(2)Scaredandalone,JoshuaonedaymakesfriendswithalittlemousehecallsBethlehemwhobecomeshisclosestfriend.由于害怕和孤独,一天乔舒亚和一只被他叫作伯利恒的小

老鼠成为朋友,之后那只小老鼠成了他最亲密的朋友。考点4连接副词辨析1.Progresssofarhasbeenverygood.,wearesurethattheprojectwillbecompletedontime.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.Ther

eforeD.Besides答案C解析“一直进展良好”与“按时完工”是因果关系,用therefore。2.LastnightMrCrookdidn’tcomebackattheusualtime.,hemetsomefriendsandstayedoutuntilmidnight.A.Meanwh

ileB.HoweverC.InsteadD.Yet答案C解析句意为:昨天晚上库鲁克先生没有按往常的时间回来,而是见了几个朋友,在外面待到半夜。instead代替,反而,相反。考点归纳1.表示增补:besides,further,then,similarly,likewise,moreover2

.表示等同:similarly,likewise,equally3.表示对比:rather,oppositely4.表示概括:altogether,generally5.表示列举:first(ly),second(ly),finally

6.表示条件:otherwise7.表示让步:however,still,yet,nevertheless,though,anyway,instead8.表示结果:therefore,consequently,accordingly,thus9.表示时间过渡:mea

nwhile,sometimes,occasionally10.表示同位关系:namely11.表示着重特指:mainly,mostly,particularly,especially考点5形容词与副词短语辨析1.—Mom,isitrea

llynecessarytoremovethosesmallerweedsfromtheflowerbed?—Yes,theyaredestructivetotheflowers.A.littlemoreB.nolessC.notabitD.notinthel

east答案B解析littlemore稍多;noless居然,还是,仍然;notabit一点也不;notintheleast一点也不,绝不。句意为:——妈妈,真的有必要从花坛移除那些较小的杂草吗?——是的,它们对鲜花还是有破坏性的。2.—Whatdidyoudo

lastweekend?—Oh,nothing.(2014·大纲全国,35)A.muchB.elseC.everD.yet答案A解析句意为:——上周末你干什么了?——哦,没(干)什么事。nothingmuch和nothingelse是固定短语,nothingmuch意为“没什么事”

,nothingelse意为“没有别的东西,没有别的事情”;nothing不和ever构成固定短语,但可以一起用在句中,表示“没有什么事情曾经……”;nothing和yet也不能构成固定短语,但也可以同时出现在句中。由语境可知,此处显然是表示“没什么事”。故A项正确。考点归纳1.tobesur

e诚然,无疑toberigid刻板地说,死板地说tobeperfect完美地说tobefair公平而言tobefrank坦率地讲2.good/niceand...很,非常,完全3.muchless=stillless(承接前述否定内容)更不用说stillmore还有更多;

更进一步4.somuchthebetter那样更好forbetteror(for)worse不论是好是坏,不论是福是祸5.Nota/one(little)bit!一点也不!6.lastbutnotleast=lastbutbynomeansleast最

后但同样很重要的是1.Thepeopleinthevillagearesothattheyarewillingtohelpeveryvisitor.A.optimisticB.energeticC.enthusia

sticD.ambitious答案C解析考查形容词词义辨析。optimistic乐观的;energetic精力充沛的;enthusiastic热心的;ambitious有抱负的。句意为:这个村里的人都很热心,他们愿意帮助每一位游客。根据“theyarewillingtohelpevery

visitor”可知此处表示“热心的,热情的”,故C项正确。2.Forallthefailureofhisbusiness,heremainsoptimisticanduntroubledbyhisproblems.A.hopefullyB.approximatelyC.seeming

lyD.frequently答案C解析考查副词辨析。hopefully有希望地;approximately大约;seemingly似乎;frequently频繁地。句意为:对于生意上的失败,他仍然很乐观,似乎并

没有被这些问题所困扰。根据句意可知C项正确。3.Thechurchwhichiseasilyfrommyhomeisbeingrebuilt.A.accessibleB.availableC.acceptableD.responsible答案

A解析句意为:从我家很容易到达正在重建的教堂。accessible容易接近的;available可获得的,有空的;acceptable可以接受的;responsible负责的,有责任的。4.Officefur

niturelikechairsandsofasshouldbeattractiveaswellascomfortable.(2019·南徐盐常4月联考)A.manuallyB.visuallyC.physicallyD.securely答案B解析考查副词词义辨析。man

ually手动地;visually视觉上,外表上;physically身体上;securely安全地。句意为:像沙发和椅子这样的办公家具应该既美观又舒适。根据句意可知此处是说“在视觉上吸引人”,故B项正确。5.Therewillbeanen

dlesspowerofyouthsupportingtheChinesenation’srejuvenation______theyoungergenerationofthecountryhasideals,pursuitsandshoulders.(2019

·如皋高三三模)A.asfarasB.solongasC.evenifD.asif答案B解析考查副词短语辨析。句意为:只要年轻一代有理想、有追求、有担当,就有源源不断的青年力量支持中华民族伟大复兴。asfaras至

于;solongas只要;evenif即使;asif好像。根据句意,故选B。6.Theoldcouple,countrylife,wereunwillingtomovetothecitytolivewiththeirson.A.accustomedtoB.buriedinC.addi

ctedtoD.exposedto答案A解析句意为:那对习惯了乡村生活的老夫妇不愿意搬到城市里和他们的儿子住在一起。beaccustomedto习惯于……,符合句意。beburiedin埋头于……;beaddictedto对……有瘾;beexposedto暴露在……。7.Shetho

ughtherselfherfriendsbecauseherfamilywasricher.A.moresuperiortoB.moresuperiorthanC.superiortoD.super

iorthan答案C解析superior更优秀,更出色,本身没有比较级,跟介词to连用,不与than连用。句意为:她觉得自己比她的朋友们都优越,因为她家更富有。8.—HowdidyoufindyourtriptoWat

erParkinthesummerof2016?—Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.evenmuchinterestingB.farmoreinterestingC.sofarinteresti

ngD.farfrominteresting答案B解析根据题干中than可知,考查形容词比较级。far修饰比较级,而farfrom是“远非”的意思。句意为:——你觉得2016年夏天的水上公园之旅怎么样?——我玩得很尽兴。比我预期的要有趣得多。9.Inphysicsclasses

,wewantstudentstoseescienceisfun,justaboutformulasandexperiments.A.ratherthanB.morethanC.otherthanD.lessthan答案A解析考查副词短语。句意为:在物理课上

,我们想让学生们明白科学是有趣的,而不是仅仅有关公式和实验。ratherthan而不是;morethan不仅仅;otherthan除……之外;lessthan少于。故选A。10.Oneshouldaccomplishtasksinsteadofalwaysturningto

othersforhelp.A.independentlyB.activelyC.skillfullyD.voluntarily答案A解析考查副词辨析。independently独立地;actively积极地;skillfully巧妙地;voluntarily自愿地。句意为:一个人应该独

立完成任务,而不是总是向别人求助。强化练(十)Ⅰ.单项填空1.I’mtiredofthepracticetoassignendlesshomeworktostudentsinholidays.Actually,summerholidayistheperfecttimet

othebookstheymeanttoread.A.controversial;compensateforB.conventional;catchuponC.confidential;pushforD.conscious;caterto答案B解析形容

词controversial有争议的;conventional传统的;confidential秘密的;conscious有意识的,清醒的;动词短语compensatefor补偿;catchupon补完,赶上;pushfor努力争取;caterto迎合。句意为:我厌

倦了给学生布置很多假期作业的传统做法。实际上,暑假是学生补读自己想要读的书的最好时间。根据句意可知B项正确。2.Makesureyouhaveyourpassportwithyouallthetimeinaforeignco

untry,whichwould_______causetrouble.A.somehowB.meanwhileC.otherwiseD.anyway答案C解析句意为:在国外务必把护照随身携带,否则会有麻烦。somehow不知怎么地;meanwhile同时;otherwise否则;anywa

y不管怎样。分析句子可知,whichwouldcausetrouble.为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个主句,前后句关系属于转折,故选C。3.—It’ssaidthatyourbosswillgiveyouafatraisesoon.—She’sve

rywithpromisesbutmuchlesswithmoney.A.acquaintedB.toughC.thrilledD.liberal答案D解析acquainted知晓的;tough艰苦的

;thrilled激动的;liberal慷慨的。句意为:——据说你的老板很快就会给你加薪。——她对许诺很慷慨,但对钱就没那么慷慨了。根据句意可知此处应与but后的内容表示相反的意思,故D项正确。4.Thepopularit

yofgovernmentpostshasdroppedinrecentyears,thoughthecivilservicejobsarestillfavoredbytheChineseastheyofferastablecareer.(2019·泰州四模)A.relativelyB.regul

arlyC.roughlyD.rigidly答案A解析句意为:近年来,政府职位的受欢迎程度有所下降,但公务员的职位仍然受到中国人的青睐,因为它们提供了相对稳定的职业。relatively相对地;regularly规则地;roughly粗略地;rigidly僵

直地。由“thecivilservicejobsarestillfavoredbytheChinese”可知,公务员职位仍然受到中国人的青睐,因为与其他工作相比,它们提供了相对稳定的职业。故A选项正确。5.—WhynotturntoKevin?Hesawwhathappened,sohisi

stheonlyaccount.—Theproblemisthathehasrefusedtosayanythingabouttheaccident.(2019·常州高三期末)A.tentativeB.contro

versialC.authenticD.arbitrary答案C解析tentative试验性的;controversial有争议的;authentic可信的,真实的;arbitrary武断的。句意为:——为什么不去找凯文?他目睹了发生的一切,所以他的叙述是唯一

可信的。——问题是他拒绝对这次事故发表任何意见。根据“Hesawwhathappened”判断此处表示“真实可信的”,故C项正确。6.—Look!Maryiscrazilylookingforsomethingagain!—,shecan’tfindherkeys.(2019·南京三

模)A.TypicallyB.OccasionallyC.AccordinglyD.Particularly答案A解析句意为:——看!玛丽又在疯狂地找东西了!——果然,她找不到钥匙了。typically典型,果然,通常;occasionally偶尔;accordingly因此;particula

rly特别地。这里的typically相当于itistypical/characteristicofsb.todosth.“做某事是某人的典型特征”,故选A。7.Ourteamisworld-classanditwasnosurp

risethatwewonbysuchamargin.(2019·南京三模)A.lowB.highC.wideD.narrow答案C解析句意为:我们的球队是世界级的,我们以如此大的优势获胜并不令人惊讶。low低的

;high高的;wide宽的;narrow窄的。短语widemargin表示差距很大,故选C。8.Thankstoherdeterminationandperseveranceonthepianolesson,shehasagraspofthesubject.(2019·如皋高三三

模)A.comprehensiveB.confidentialC.conservativeD.compulsory答案A解析句意为:由于她在钢琴课上的决心和毅力,她对这个科目有了综合的把握。compr

ehensive综合的;confidential机密的;conservative保守的;compulsory义务的。根据句意,故选A。9.TheAerospaceCenterHospitalhaswitnessedgrowthovertheyears,fromonethatonly

hadtent-likewardsintoamodernregionalmedicalcenter.A.slightB.tremendousC.moderateD.modest答案B解析句意为:多年来,航天中心医院取得了巨大的发展,它从一个只有帐篷式病房的医院发展成了一个现代的区域医疗中

心。根据句中的“fromonethatonlyhadtent-likewardsintoamodernregionalmedicalcenter”可知,航天中心医院发生了巨大的变化,故tremendous巨大的,了不起的,符合语境

。slight轻微的,略微的;moderate适度的;modest些许的,不太大的。10.Yourfaceseems.I’veprobablymetyouhereintheolddays.A.familiarB.know

nC.similarD.alike答案A解析句意为:你的脸看起来很熟悉,我以前可能在这里见过你。familiar熟悉的;known闻名的;similar类似的;alike相同的,相似的。11.Byacceptinglowerprices,organize

rscansellticketsthatwouldgounsell.A.thereforeB.otherwiseC.insteadD.however答案B解析therefore因此;otherwise否则;instead反而;however无论如何,然而,但是。句意为:组织者可以通过低价出

售把原本卖不出去的票卖出去。12.SinceIamnowpreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination,myparentsarevery___tome.A.constantB.consciousC.considerateD.grateful

答案C解析句意为:因为我现在正在准备高考,我的父母对我很体贴。considerate体贴的,符合句意。constant不断的,持续的;conscious有意识的,神志清醒的,自觉的,刻意的;grateful感激的

,感谢的。13.Withtheword“PM2.5”appearinginmediareports,peoplepaygreaterattentiontoitandseekhealthtipsforsmoggyd

ays.A.occasionallyB.constantlyC.rarelyD.immediately答案B解析occasionally偶然,有时候;constantly重复不断地;rarely难得地,少见地;immediat

ely立即,马上。句意为:随着“PM2.5”一词不断出现在媒体报道中,人们越来越关注它,并为度过烟雾弥漫的日子寻求健康秘诀。14.—Alicehasjustlostherhusbandtoheartfailure.—Hersmilecan’thidehe

rsorrow.A.controversialB.compulsoryC.artificialD.conventional答案C解析controversial有争议的,引发争议的;compulsory强制性的;

artificial不自然的,假的;conventional(行为、观念等)传统的,符合习俗的。句意为:——爱丽丝刚刚失去了死于心力衰竭的丈夫。——她那不自然的微笑掩盖不了她的悲伤。15.Itissaidthatth

eyoungmanistofleetosomeforeigncountrybecauseofthecampaignagainsthim.A.possibleB.maybeC.probableD.likely答案D解析分析句子成分可知

,此处作表语,maybe“也许”是副词,不能作表语;ACD三个选项都表示“可能的”,但只有likely可以使用人作主语。句意为:据说这个年轻人因为反对他的运动可能会逃往境外某个国家。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2019·南

京金陵中学、海安中学、外国语学校四模)“Facts”ThatAreFalseThe$100billisthebiggestbillincirculation.Althoughthefederalgovernmentstoppedprintingthemin1945,currency

notesof$500,$1,000,$5,000,and$10,000arestilllegaltender.Mostofthemhavebeensnatchedupbyprivatecollectors.BetweenDecember18,1934,andJ

anuary9,1935,thegovernmentputout$100,000notes.However,theywereonlyfortransactionsbetweenFederalReservebanksandneverwentouttothe

generalpublic.TheSaharaistheworld’slargestdesert.Technically,Antarcticais.TheU.S.GeologicalSurveydef

inesdesertas“drylandwitharainfallofusuallylessthanteninchesperyearthatsupportsonlysparsevegetationandalimite

dpopulationofpeopleandanimals”.Antarcticaaveragesonlysixinchesofrainayear(mostlyassnow)andisalmost5.5millionsquaremiles.

TheSaharaisonly3.3millionsquaremiles.Thegreenpasteservedwithyoursushiiswasabi.Wasabiisexpensiveanddifficulttogrow.Sinceit’sinthesamefamily,mostrest

aurantsandfoodcompaniesusehorseradish(withfoodcoloring)instead.RealwasabiismorecomplexandsweeterthanwhatyougetinatypicalJapaneseresta

urant.Theostricheswouldsuffocate(窒息)iftheydid.Ifanenemyisapproaching,afrightenedostrichwilllayitsheadandneckflatagainstthegroundasacamouflage(伪装)ploy

.Somehumanonlookershaveassumedthatthebirds’light-coloredheadswereactuallyinthesand.语篇解读这是一篇说明文,介绍了四个虚假的“事实”。16.Whichoft

hefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Asotherbiggerbillsareoutofprint,the$100billisstillthebiggestone.B.Antarcticawi

thverylittlerainfallisconsideredasthelargestdesert.C.Horseradishcanbesubstitutedwithwasabiforthesimilartastean

dcolor.D.Anostrichoftenusesitsheadasaweapontofightagainstitsenemy.答案B解析细节理解题。由第二部分可知,美国地质调查局将沙漠定义为“干旱的土地

,每年的降雨量通常不到10英寸,只能维持稀疏的植被和有限的人口和动物的生存”。南极洲平均每年只有6英寸的降雨量(大部分是雪),将近550万平方英里。撒哈拉只有330万平方英里。所以南极洲降雨量很少,被认为是最大的沙漠。故B选项正确。17.Whichofthefollowin

gisthebestfitfortheblank?A.Ostrichescanbreatheinthesand.B.Ostricheshaveverysmartbrains.C.Ostrichesburytheirheadsinthesand.D.Theostric

h’sheadisthelightestintheworld.答案C解析推理判断题。由第四部分可知,如果它们这样做会窒息的。为了躲避危险,鸵鸟会躺在地下隐蔽起来。这种习性后来被人误认为是鸵鸟在遇到危险时,会把头埋在沙土里。

所以本段主要在说,鸵鸟把头埋在沙子里是虚假的事实。故本段的中心句为“鸵鸟把头埋在沙子里”,也是空白处要填的内容。故C选项正确。BAbusedkidsmaybehitandotherwisephysicallyattackedbytheirpar

ents.Thisleadsthemtoseetheworldasaplacewherehugsandotherpositiveresponsestogoodbehaviorhappeninconsistently.Andthisphysicalabusedoesn’tjustleavekid

sblackandblue.Italsodoesharmtotheirabilitytolearnhowtoactatschoolandelsewhere.Thiscanleadtotheproblembeh

aviorsoftenseeninabusedchildrenintheirlaterlife.That’sthefindingofanewstudy.Anditisthefirsttimeresearchershavelinkedtroub

lelearningabasicformofsocialskillsinchildrentotheirmisbehavioryearslater.JamieHansonandhiscolleaguesfocusedondecision-makinginabusedkids.The

irexperimentsshowedthatphysicallyabusedkidslagbehindothersinlearningtomakechoicesthatleadtoareward.Thiswastruee

venaftermanytrials.Thesechildrensticktowhattheylearnedearlyinlife—thatrewardsarerareandunpredictable,butpunishmentisalwayswaiting.Insit

uationsoutsidetheirfamilies,physicallyabusedkidsfailtoadjustflexiblytonewbehavioralrules.Suchkidsneverlearnrulesforgoodbehaviorwithteachersandothe

rchildren.Sotheyendupfightingpeersontheplaygroundandactingoutinclass.Inoneexperiment,Hanson’steamstudied41phys

icallyabusedand40nonabusedkids.Theysawapictureofabellorabottle.Researcherstoldthemtochooseoneofthoseobjectstoearnpointstheycouldexchangefortoy

s—researchersrandomlychosewhetherthevaluablepicturewouldbethebellorthebottleanddecidedthepointsofeachpicture,butgeneral

ly,thekidschoosingthebellwouldgetmorepointsthanthosechoosingthebottle.Kidswhogotenoughpointscouldchoosefromseveralcooltoysinthelab.Bothgroupsofki

dschosehigher-pointimagesmoreoftenastheexperimentwenton.Butphysicallyabusedkidslaggedbehind.Hansonthinkstheabusedkidswereheldbackbytheexpectationsthe

yhadpickedupathome.Ifthenewfindingholdsup,Hansonsays,itcouldleadtonewwaystohelpsuchkids.Forexample,thesekidsmi

ghtgettraininginhowtotellsafeapartfromdangeroussettings.Theymightalsogetlessonsonhowtocontroltheirimpulses.Treatmentscurrentlyjustfocusonhelpi

ngabusedchildrenfeelsafeandlessanxious.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究表明,小时候身体受过虐待的经历对孩子以后的生活也会产生消极的影响。18.Whatdoesthestudymainlyfindout?A.Abusedk

idshaveastrongdesireforrewards.B.Abusedkidstendtoholdapositiveattitudetolife.C.Physicalabuse’ssideeffectscanextendtokids’laterlife.D.Ph

ysicalabusecanleadtoseverementalillnessamongkids.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Andthisphysicalabusedoesn’tjustleavekidsblackandblue.Italsodoesharmtotheirability

tolearnhowtoactatschoolandelsewhere.Thiscanleadtotheproblembehaviorsoftenseeninabusedchildrenintheirlaterlife....totheirmisbehavioryearslater.”可知,这项研

究发现,身体上受到虐待的消极影响会持续到孩子以后的生活中。故选C。19.Whatleadstothekids’poorperformanceinthedecision-makingexperiment?A.Thesmallnumberofrewards.B.

Thecomplexrulesoftheexperiment.C.Others’lowexpectationsofthem.D.Theirpreviousfamilylifeexperience.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段

的内容和倒数第二段中的“Hansonthinkstheabusedkidswereheldbackbytheexpectationstheyhadpickedupathome.”可知,由于先前家庭经历的影响,这些孩子认为奖励是少见的,而

惩罚却是时时都在的,在家庭之外的环境中他们也未能灵活地应对新的行为规则,从而导致了他们在做决定的实验中表现不佳。故选D。20.Whatcanweknowfromthepresenttreatmenttargetedatabusedkids?A.Itneedstobeimproved.B.It

hasnopracticalbenefits.C.Itlacksscientificevidence.D.Ithasmademuchprogress.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知,这项发现有助于研究者找到新方法来帮助受虐待的孩子,而本段的最后一句“T

reatmentscurrentlyjustfocusonhelpingabusedchildrenfeelsafeandlessanxious.(目前对于受虐待孩子的治疗重心只是帮助他们使其感到安全并少些焦虑)”暗示了当前用于帮助受虐待的孩子的方法还存在局限

性,即帮助这些受虐待孩子的方法还需进一步改善。故选A。Ⅲ.任务型阅读Whencontentorproductrecommendationsmissthemark,theycangofromvaluabletoannoyinginlesstime.Youm

ayassumeeverystay-at-homemomwantstobefilledwithrecommendationsforcookingandcleaningproducts,andeveryseniorcitizencanbenefitfromcountles

sadsforincontinenceproducts,butofcoursethat’snottrue.Buyingintothatkindofassumptionignorestherealitythatindi

vidualshaveindividualneedsortastes.Theanalysesofconversationsonsocialmediacanunderstandconsumerdesires.It’snotsimpletodo,butitisbecomin

gessential,allowingyoutoseethe“feelings,attitudesandcommonalities(共性)”andfindouttargetaudienceyouneverknewexisted

.Recommendationsmustalsorespectconsumers’timeandintelligence.Thatmeanstheyshouldbehigh-qualityandreleva

nt.AsRevcontentadvises,“Oneofthefastestwaystodriveyouraudienceawayislow-qualitycontentrecommendations.”Recommendedcontentmustbeasgoodasyourown,bothin

termsofrelevancetoyourfieldofexpertise(专长)andqualityofpresentation.Badcontentatthebottomofyourblogdoesn’tmakeyourbra

ndlookbetter—itmakesyourbrandoveralllookworse.Attheleast,itleavesvisitorsquestioningyourtaste;atworstitmakesthemwonderifyourproductorservice

isjustaslow-quality.Andit’sthesamewithproductrecommendations.Ifaconsumerpurchasesaluxuryitem,thereco

mmendationsthatappearpost-purchaseshouldn’tbeforitemsthey’dfindatthelocaldollarstores.It’snotaboutmak

ingarecommendationforthesakeofit—it’saboutmakingtherightrecommendationforeachuser.AgoodplacetostartiswithyourcurrentfollowersifyourbusinessisonFacebo

ok.EachFacebookuserwholikesyourbrand’spagehasawholenetworkofpotentiallyinterestedfriendsyoucantarget.Facebookalsoletsyoutargetconsumersbythe

irintereststodefineyourbrand’sidealaudience.Throughlikes,sharedcontentandkeywords,Facebookusersgiveyoua

lotofinformationaboutwhat’simportanttothem.Bycombiningthesedatawithyourrecommendations,youcangiveusersexactlywhatthey’reloo

kingfor,encouragingthemtoconnectwithyouinturn.Ifyouwanttodialupthings,A/BtestingonFacebookletsyouassessandperfecttheeffecti

venessofyourmessage.Bykeepingtheimagesthesameandusingvariouslanguage,tonesandcallstoaction,youlearnwhichwordsconsum

erswanttohear,andyoucandeliverawesomeoptionsthatkeepthemcomingbackformore.Therecommendationgameisoneofconstantlymovingparts,sothere’snosimpleso

lutiontoapplyacrosstheboard.Butkeepingconsumers’interests—andthatgoalofnotannoyingthem—topofmindisalwaysagoodplacetostart.Title:R

ecommendationsCan’tBe21.IntroductionIfthecontentorproductrecommendationsfailtobetothepoint,theywouldlosetheir22.ofadvertisingandann

oyconsumers.TipsondesigningandpresentingthecontentorproductrecommendationsRecognizetheunexpectedconsumers·Takeindividual23.intoconsiderationw

hentargetingyourpotentialconsumers.·24.conversationsonsocialmediacanhelpyoufindyourpotentialconsumers.Attachvaluetothe25.·Recommen

dationsmustdemonstrateyour26.forconsumers’timeandintelligence.·Recommendedcontentmustbe27.tothefieldofexper

tiseandpresentedreasonably.ValuetheFacebookads·MorepeoplecanbeattractedonFacebook.·Recommendationsareofferedtothosewhoare28..HaveatestonFacebookYour

testsuggestionsshouldbegenerallysimilarwithslight29.thatwilltellyouwhat’sworking.Conclusions·Makenecessarychangesforrecommendationsconstan

tly.·30.toconsumers’tastesallthetime.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是在设计或向消费者呈现自己的产品时应该注意的几个方面。21.答案Casual/Arbitrary/Random解析概括词汇题。通读全文,尤其是第

一段可知,本文通过向读者传授在设计或向消费者呈现自己的产品时应该注意的几个方面表明了商品推荐不能是随意的。22.答案value解析转换词汇题。根据第一段“Whencontentorproductrecommendationsmissthemark,theycangof

romvaluabletoannoyinginlesstime.”可知,如果内容推荐或产品推荐达不到想要的效果,会失去其原有的价值,并使消费者感到恼火。23.答案differences/preferences

解析转换词汇题。根据第二段中的“Buyingintothatkindofassumptionignorestherealitythatindividualshaveindividualneedsortastes.”可知,在寻找

潜在消费者时要考虑到个性差异/个人偏好。24.答案Analysing/Analyzing解析转换词汇题。根据第二段中的“Theanalysesofconversationsonsocialmediacanunderstandconsumerdesi

res.”可知,分析社交媒体上的对话有助于理解消费者的需求,发现自己的潜在消费者。25.答案quality解析概括词汇题。根据第三段的内容,尤其是“Thatmeanstheyshouldbehigh-qualityand

relevant.”及表格右栏的内容可知,本段主要讲的是推荐的商品一定要具备高质量这个特点,即“品质很重要”。26.答案respect解析原文词汇题。根据第三段首句“Recommendationsmustals

orespectconsumers’timeandintelligence.”可知,商品推荐应该尊重消费者的时间和智力。27.答案relevant/relative/related/linked解析转换词汇题。根据第三段中的“Recommendedcontentmustbeasgooda

syourown,bothintermsofrelevancetoyourfieldofexpertise(专长)andqualityofpresentaion.”可知,商品推荐的内容应该与专业知识及商品质量的呈现有关。2

8.答案interested解析转换词汇题。根据第四段中的“Facebookalsoletsyoutargetconsumersbytheirintereststodefineyourbrand’sidealaudien

ce.”“Bycombiningthesedatawithyourrecommendations,youcangiveusersexactlywhatthey’relookingfor,encouraging

themtoconnectwithyouinturn.”可知,人们可以通过在Facebook上向感兴趣的人推荐自己的商品来定位自己的消费群体。29.答案variations/changes解析转换词汇题。根据第五段中的“Bykeepingtheimagesthesameandusingvario

uslanguage,tonesandcallstoaction,youlearnwhichwordsconsumerswanttohear,andyoucandeliverawesomeoptionsthatkeepthemcomingbac

kformore.”可知,在Facebook上进行测试时应该采取相同的图像,使用不同的声音、语调和称呼,即测试性建议应该在相似的基础上又略有变化。30.答案Cater解析转换词汇题。根据最后一段最后一句“Butkeepingconsumers

’interests—andthatgoalofnotannoyingthem—topofmindisalwaysagoodplacetostart.”可知,商品推荐应该总是迎合消费者的口味。

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