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满分练(四)阅读理解+七选五阅读Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024江西鹰潭二模)ThischartshowshowmuchmoneyAmericanshaveinsavingsateveryage.ThetypicalAmerica

nhouseholdhasanaverageof$8,863inanaccountatabankorcreditunion,accordingtoarecentreportfromBankratethatanalyzedinfla

tion-adjusteddatafromtheFederalReserve.That’spurelyinliquidsavings,soitdoesn’tincluderetirementfundsorotherinvestments.However,thatamountvariesgreat

lybyageandhouseholdtype.SavingsvarywidelybyhouseholdtypeandageFormanyfamilies,thisamountofsavingsfallsshort,someexpertswarn.“Theultimatedest

inationshouldbeenoughtocoversixmonths’expenses,perhaps9to12monthsforsolebreadwinnersorself-employedindividuals,”Gre

gMcBride,CFAandchieffinancialanalystforBankrate.com,saysinthereport.“Here’sthethingwithemergencymoney:Moreisalwaysbetter,

”best-sellingauthorandco-founderofAEWealthManagementDavidBachtellsCNBCMakeIt.“Youhearallthetimeexpertssay,youshouldhavethreem

onthsofexpensessetaside.Well,itdepends.Intherecession,whenpeoplelosttheirjobs,threemonthsofexpensessetasidewas

n’tenough.”Meanwhile,otherresearchhasfoundthat60percentofmillennialsdon’thaveenoughmoneytocovera$1,000emergency.Inadditiontobuildingyoureme

rgencyfund,youshouldaimtoputaround15percentofyourincometowardsretirementsavings,accordingtothefinancialservicescompanyFidelity.Ifyou

wanttoputmoreawayeachmonth,startbycuttingbackonAmericans,threebiggestexpenses:housing,transportationandfood.Youcanalso

researchwaystotrim(削减)yourbudgetandlookintostrategiesforboostingyourincome.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过图表介绍了美国人在各个年龄段的储蓄金额。1.Accordingtothechart,forthosebe

tween35and44,whohavethemostinsavings?A.Singleswithchildren.B.Singleswithoutchildren.C.Coupleswithchildren.D.Couples

withoutchildren.答案C解析细节理解题。根据柱状图可知,35~44岁的人群中,有孩子的夫妇存款最多。故选C项。2.AccordingtoGregMcBride,atleasthowmuchmoneys

houldbesetasideforafamilywithonlyonepersonwhoearnsmoney?A.3months’expenses.B.6months’expenses.C.9months’expenses.D.12months’expenses.答

案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段中GregMcBride所说的话可知,对于只有一人养家糊口的家庭,要预留9~12个月的花费,所以至少要有9个月。3.Whichcolumnofanewspaperisthisarticleprob

ablyfrom?A.Businessandtrade.B.Savingandinvesting.C.Healthandwellness.D.Employmentandretirement.答案B解析推理判断题。根据全文大意,文章通过图表介绍了美国

人在各个年龄段的储蓄金额,可以推断这篇文章应该来自报纸中的“Savingandinvesting(储蓄和投资)”专栏。B(2024广东惠州一模)Asachild,Johnalwayswonderedhowthehumanbodyworkedandhowhecou

ldkeepithealthy.Hisinterestinmedicinegrewstrongerwhenhevolunteeredatachildren’shospitalduringhighschool.Thenever-give-upspiritofyoungpatie

ntsbattlingagainstvariousillnessesmassivelyaffectedhim.Initially,hechosenursingincollege,believingitwou

ldleadhimtoworkcloselywithchildren.Butafterhisfirsthalfyear,herecognizednursingwasn’tfitforhim.Switchingtobiologyhelpedhimdiscoverhispassionforlearni

ngaboutthecomplexitiesofhumanbodyandusingthatknowledgetohelpchildren.Althoughthethoughtofthelengthyedu

cationandresidencyrequiredforpediatrics(儿科学)madehimhesitant,aheart-to-heartconversationwithhisbrotherchangedhismind.HisbrotherconvincedJohnthath

ispassionshouldmotivatehimratherthanscarehim.ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatricianbecauseofthe

simplefactthathewouldworkwithchildreneveryday,andwouldmakeapositiveimpactontheirlivesandtheirfamilies.Pediatricsisnotjustabout

regularcheck-ups,italsoincludesmakingsickkidsfeelbetterandhelpingthemheal.ThisbringssomuchjoytoJohn’sheart.Tohim,heisnot

onlyadoctorbutalsoateacher,offeringasafespaceforthelittleonestoopenupandsharetheirfearsorconcerns.Plus,

hereallyenjoysbeingafriendlyandeasy-to-talk-topersonintheirlives.BeingapediatriciangivesJohntherewardingexperienceofhelpingandinteractingwithchildren

dailyandmakingthoselittleones’toughtimeseasier.Also,thechangingworldofhealthcaremeanshe’llalwaysbelearningnewthingsandfacin

gexcitingchallenges.Withhisfutureplans,hewantstogetintothefieldofbeingaphysicianassistant—asteppingstonethat

keepshiminvolvedinpediatriccarewhilestillengagedindirectinteractionwithyoungpatients.Itallowshimtodolo

tsofthesamethingsasapediatrician,aswellashelpshimimproveskillsthatarevitalformakingkidshealthier.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志

愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Hebegantohaveaninterestinmedicinedu

ringhighschool.B.Hedecidedtoworkonnursingaftergraduationfromcollege.C.Hegotinspiredbyyoungpatientswhenvolunteeringatahosp

ital.D.Hewascuriousabouthowthedoctorsworktokeeppeoplehealthy.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thenever-give-upspiritofyoungpatientsbattlingag

ainstvariousillnessesmassivelyaffectedhim.”可知,从第一段中可了解到John在医院做义工时受到年轻病人的启发。5.WhydidJohnchoosethecareerasapediatrician?A.Tolearnab

outthecomplexitiesofhumanbody.B.Tobringaboutimprovementsinchildren’slives.C.Togetrewardingexperienceofhelpingchildren.D.Tofacethechallengesmak

inghimhesitantandscared.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatrician...ontheirlivesandtheirfamilies.”可知,John选择了儿科医

生的职业是因为他想改善儿童的生活。6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesJohn’sfeelingtowardsbeingapediatrician?A.Excitedbuttire

d.B.Worthybutstressful.C.Proudanddelighted.D.Concernedandmoved.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第三段中“ThisbringssomuchjoytoJohn’sheart.”以及第四段中“Beingapediatriciangives

John...makingthoselittleones’toughtimeseasier.”可知,John对成为一名儿科医生的感受是自豪和喜悦的。7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.John’sjourneyofpursuin

gacareerinpediatrics.B.John’schallengesandrewardsasapediatrician.C.Acomparisonbetweenpediatriciansandnurses

.D.Theimportanceofimprovingthehealthofchildren.答案A解析主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ItwasthenthatJohndecidedtobecomeapediatrician...ontheirlivesandthe

irfamilies.”并结合全文可知,文章主要讲述了John从小对人体的运作和健康感兴趣,高中时在儿童医院志愿服务增强了他的医学热情。虽然最初选择护理,但转学生物后,他决定成为儿科医生,为孩子们的生活带来积极影响。A项具有高

度概括性,符合全文语境。故选A项。C(2024安徽合肥二模)Somelanguagesarerapid-fireandothersmoreunhurriedbutthereisnodifferenceinthespeedatwhichinformationisshar

ed,accordingtothenewresearch.Theworld’s7000orsolanguagesdiffergreatlynotonlyintheirrangeofavailablephonemes—theunitso

fsoundthatmakeupspeech,butalsointhepaceatwhichthesebuildingblocksarethrowntogetherinspeech.Butthenewresearchintoth

einformationcontentinspeechshowsthatlanguagesallowtheirspeakerstocommunicateaboutthesameamountofinformationperseconddespitewidevaria

tionsinthespeedofspeech.Tounderstandthisbetter,researchersledbyChristopheCoupéfromtheUniversityofLyonandYoonOhfromtheUniversi

tyofCanterburystudiedrecordingsof170nativeadultspeakersof17EuropeanandAsianlanguages.Eachspeakerreadasetofstandardizedtextscontainingabout240,

000syllables(音节).Theresearchersfoundthatthefastestlanguagehit9.1syllablespersecond,andtheslowestamere4.3.Bu

tthiswascancelledoutbytheamountofinformation,measuredinbits,thateachsyllablecontained.Thisvariedsignificantlyfrom4.8bitspersyllableforBasqueto8

.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.Thestudyfoundlanguagesthatpackalotofinformationintosoundsandsyllablestendto

bespokenmoreslowly,whilethosewithalowinformationdensity(密度)aredeliveredmorerapidly.Whilespeechrateandinformationdensityfluctuate(波

动)widely,theinformationrate—thespeedatwhichinformationisdelivered—staysconsistentlyaround39.15bitspersecond.Theresearcherssaythi

sappearstorepresentaoptimal(最佳的)rateforgivingandreceivinginformation.Languagesseemtostablyinhabitanoptimalrangeofinformationrates,a

wayfromtheextremesthatcanstillbeavailabletoindividualspeakers.Ofcourse,noteverybodyspeaksattheoptimal

informationrate.Weallknowpeoplewhotalktooquicklyorslowly,andthenewresearchmaycastlightonwhywefindlisteningtothemhardwork.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言

学领域的最新研究成果,尽管各语言语速各异,但信息传递效率却基本一致。8.Whathasthenewresearchfoundout?A.Languagestendtoconveyinformationwithsimilarefficiency.B.

Languageshavenearlythesamerangeofavailablephonemes.C.Thenumberoflanguageshasgraduallydecreasedtoabout7000.D.Thespeedofspeechisde

terminedbytheinformationcontent.答案A解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Butthenewresearchintotheinformationcontentinspeechshows...thespeedofspeech

.”可知,新研究发现语言倾向于以相似的效率传递信息。故选A项。9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.B.Abriefintro

ductionoftheresearchprocess.C.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.D.Supportingevidencefortheresea

rchresults.答案B解析段落大意题。根据文章第三段“Tounderstandthisbetter...forBasqueto8.0bitspersyllableforVietnamese.”可知,第三段主要讲述了研究

团队如何进行实验,包括他们选择的参与者、实验材料以及实验发现的一些具体数据,因此,这一段是对研究过程的简要介绍。10.WhatcanwelearnfromthefindingofChristophe’sstudy?A.Morewordsinspeechconveymore

information.B.Theinformationrateremainsatareasonablelevel.C.Thespeechratecanaffecttheinformationdensity.D.Languageswithmoresyllablesaredelivere

dfaster.答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段尾句可知,从Christophe的研究中我们能得知语言的信息率保持在合理水平。故选B项。11.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheoptimalinf

ormationrate?A.Itcanleadtosmoothcommunication.B.Itmayresultinthedifficultyoflistening.C.Itstaysthesameforindividualspeakers.D.Itpreventsspea

kersfromgoingtoextremes.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Languagesseemto...beavailabletoindividualspeakers.”可推知,最

优信息速率可以避开个体说话者的极端速率,能够使沟通顺畅。DAbrownanddrylawnisnotsomethingmanygardenerswouldboastabout.Butthatisexactlythekin

dofyardcompetitionorganizersinSwedenwerelookingforwhentheylaunchedtheprizeforthe“World’sUgliestLawn”.Pe

oplefromaroundtheworldwereinvitedtopostpicturesoftheirdehydrated(脱水的)grasstosocialmediainabidtowintheuncertainhono

r.Theintention,accordingtothosebehindtheproject,wastoraiseawarenessof“savingwateronaglobalscalebychangingthenormforg

reenlawns”.Lawns,whichcanrequirelargeamountsofwatertomaintain,arecomingunderincreasingexaminationasclimate

changemakesperiodsofdroughtmorefrequentandintense.TheglobalinitiativewaslaunchedontheofficialwebsiteforGotla

ndinSweden.“Hugeamountsofwaterareusedtowaterlawnsforaesthetics(美学).Astheworldgetswarmer,lackofwaterinurbanareasisprojectedtoaffectupto2.4billion

peopleby2050.Bynotwateringlawnsforaestheticreasons,wecanprotecttheavailabilityofgroundwater,”thecompetitionorganizerssaid.T

heunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKathleenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.Accordingtotheorganizers,Murray’slawn“boastsdeepandd

rydivotscreatedbythreewildbandicoots(袋狸)andnotonedust-covereddecimeteriswastedonwatering”.Murraysaidinthepressreleasea

bouthertriumph,“Iamterriblyproud!IknewIwouldhavemy5minutesoffame,evenifitwasforhavingtheugliestlawnonth

eplanet!Iamnowfreeofevertakingcareofmylawnagain.”ApressreleasebytheGotland,officeadded,“Fortheplanetanditsdecliningstockpilesoflife-givin

gliquid,thankyou,Kathleen,aswellasthosenaughtybandicootsdamagingyourlawnforthegreatergood.”Organizersadded,“Gotlandaimstoshowt

oSwedenandtheworldthatsustainablebehaviordoesn’thavetobedull.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻稿。文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。12.Whatcanwesayabo

uttheyardcompetitionorganizedinSweden?A.Peoplehadevendoubteditsauthenticity.B.Peopleworldwidewereunwillingtojoin

.C.Itsparticipantsmustbeprofessionalgardeners.D.Itsentriesmustagreewiththeexistingaesthetics.答案A解析推理判断题。由文章第一段内容可推测,该

奖项不是常规奖项,所以人们甚至怀疑它的真实性。13.Whatisthepurposeofthisyardcompetition?A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectlawns.B.Toencouragepeopletobecreative.C.Tochalle

ngethenormofaesthetics.D.Toremindpeopleofwatershortage.答案D解析推理判断题。由文章第二段内容可知,这场庭院比赛的目的是提醒人们注意缺水问题。14.Whatd

oestheunderlinedword“triumph”inparagraph4mean?A.Ambition.B.Success.C.Sorrow.D.Barrier.答案B解析词句猜测题。由文章第四段中的“TheunlikelytitlehasbeenawardedtoKath

leenMurraywholivesinSandfordinTasmania,Australia.”可知,KathleenMurray获得“世界上最丑草坪”奖,所以画线单词的句子应表示Murray在新闻稿

中谈到了她的获奖的成功,所以猜测triumph表“成功”。15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.People’sWhelmingReactionToAYardContestInSwedenB.LawnsAndRareBandicoot

sCallingForUrgentProtectionC.ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCauseD.TheWorld’sUgliestLawnUnacceptedByTheWholeWorld答案C解析标题归纳题

。由文章第一段内容以及下文可知,文章主要介绍瑞典庭院比赛组织者为了提醒人们注意缺水问题,推出“世界上最丑草坪”奖。所以C项“ALawnNamedTheUgliestGloballyAllForAGoodCause(一块草坪被评为全球最丑陋草坪,只为做一件好事)”符合语境。Ⅱ.七

选五(2024江西新余二模)Howlongdoesittaketobecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?16That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivepsychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity

,wantedtoknow.Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.17There

searchfocusedonpeoplelikeMozartandPicasso—todeterminehowlongittookthemtobecomeworld-classattheircraft.Let’stalkaboutwhatH

ayeshasdiscoveredaboutworld-classperformers.Andmoreimportantly,let’sdiscusshowyoucanusetheseinsightstoachieveyou

rgoalsandbecomeyourbest.18Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpiecesproducedfrom1685to1900.Thecentralquestionthatdrovehisworkwas,“

Howlongafteronebecomesinterestedinmusicisitthatonebecomesworld-class?”Eventually,Hayesdevelopedalistof500piecesof“masterworks

”inthefield,whichwerecreatedbyatotalof76composers.Hayesmappedoutthetimelineofeachcomposer’scareer.19Whathediscoveredwasthatvi

rtuallyeverysingle“masterwork”waswrittenafterthetenthyearofthecomposer’scareer.Notasinglepersonproducedincre

dibleworkwithoutputtinginadecadeofpracticefirst.EvenageniuslikeMozarthadtoworkforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomething

thatbecamepopular.20Infollow-upstudies,Hayesfoundsimilarpatternsamongfamouspaintersandpopularpoets.Thesefindingshav

ebeenfurtherconfirmedbyresearchfromprofessorslikeK.AndersEricsson,whoproducedresearchthatrevealedthatyouneededtoputin“10,000hours”

tobecomeaneliteorexpertinyourfield.A.Ittakestimetoachieveyourgoals.B.Andwhatdopeoplelikedoingintheirspa

retime?C.Hehasstudiedthemosttalentedcreatorsinhistory.D.Hayesstartedhisresearchbyexaminingsuccessfulco

mposers.E.ProfessorHayesbegantorefertothisperiodasthe“tenyearsofsilence”.F.Andwhatdothesuccessfulpeopledodifferentlythantherestofus?G.Andthenheca

lculatedhowlongtheyhadbeenworkingbeforetheycreatedtheirpopularworks.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了JohnHayes教授对于成为顶级精英所需时间的研究。通过分析莫扎特、毕加索等大师的作品,Haye

s发现几乎所有杰作都是在创作者生涯的第十年后诞生的,强调了“十年沉默期”的重要性。16.F上文“Howlongdoesittaketobecomeanelite(精英)inyourfield?”以及下文“That’swhatJohnHayes,acognitivep

sychologyprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,wantedtoknow.”说明JohnHayes想要知道需要多久能成为所在领域的精英。空处和上文并列提出关于精英的问题,并引出下文。F项“成功人士与我们其

他人有什么不同之处?”符合语境。17.C上文“Fordecades,Hayeshasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofeffort,practiceandknowledgeintopperformers.

”说明Hayes教授多年研究顶尖表演者所付出的努力、练习和知识的作用。空处顺接上文,继续说明他的研究特点或范围,并引出下文。C项中的He指代上文中的Hayes,“themosttalentedcreators”和下文

中的“peoplelikeMozartandPicasso”相呼应,所以C项“他研究了历史上最有才华的创作者。”符合语境。18.D设空处下文说明本段主要介绍了JohnHayes研究了世界级表演者,以及如何利用这些见解实现目标。所以D项“Hayes的研究

始于考察成功的作曲家”符合语境,适合引出本段,该项中的“byexaminingsuccessfulcomposers”和下文中的“Heanalyzedthousandsofmusicalpieces”相呼应。19.G上文“Hayesmappedoutthetime

lineofeachcomposer’scareer.”说明Hayes绘制了每位作曲家的职业生涯时间线。空处顺承上文,进一步描述他之后的分析步骤。G项中的they指代上文中的“composers”,说明JohnHayes计算了作曲家们创作流行作品之前工作了多长时间。所以G项“然后

他计算了他们创作流行作品之前下了多长时间功夫。”符合语境。20.E上文“Notasinglepersonproducedincrediblework...somethingthatbecamepopular.”说明几乎所有“杰作”都是在作曲家职业生涯的第十年后产生的。空处对前面的

现象进行总结性命名。E项中的“thisperiod”指代上文中的“workforatleasttenyearsbeforeheproducedsomethingthatbecamepopular”,所以E项“Hayes教授开始将这段时期称为‘十年沉默期’

。”符合语境。故选E项。