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2017年高考试题及模拟题分项解析之专题5阅读理解1.【2017·全国新课标I】APacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter’sStoreDon’tforgettostopbyPacif

icScienceCenter’sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)u

pstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLasterDome.◆HungryOurexhibitswillfeedyourmindbutwhataboutyourbody?Ourcaféoffersacompl

etemenuoflunchandsnackoptions,inadditiontoseasonalspecials.ThecaféislocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePac

ificScienceCentercloses.◆RentalInformationLockersareavailabletostoreanybelongingsduringyourvisit.ThelockersarelocatedinBuilding1neartheI

nformationDeskandinBuilding3.PushchairsandwheelchairsareavailabletorentattheInformationDeskandDennyWayentrance.IDrequired.◆SupportPacificScie

nceCenterSince1962PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion(热情)fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.TodayPacifi

cScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverW

ashingtonState.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorgan

izations.Wishpacificorganzier.orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificSc

ienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AtthelastDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificSci

enceCenterdoforschools?A.TrainScienceteachers.B.Distributesciencebooks.C.Distributescientificresearch.D.

Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?A.Toencouragedonations.B.Toadvertisecoming

events.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.22.D细节题。根据第四段中的TodayPacificScienceCente

rservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbeingsinquirybasedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcompanyeventsalloverWashingtonState可知现在

PacificScienceCenter每年向130多万人提供服务，并开始把科学教育带到教室。故选D。23.A根据文章最后一段Wishpacificorganzier.orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter

.可知作者呼吁读者支持PacificScienceCenter，也就是鼓励人们为之提供帮助，做贡献。故选A。【名师点睛】一般来说，解答细节理解题时都可采用“寻读法”。也就是说，考生不必通篇细看原文，而可以采取“带着问题找

答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语。这种关键性的词语可以被称为“定位词”，找出“定位词”然后以此为线索，快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节，恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。1.应用文中的细节理解，特别是广告，是阅读理解题中常

见的一种体裁。广告简洁明快，语言精练，篇幅小、信息多。广告阅读题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是：先读题目，带着问题有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。一般情况下，只要细心都会找到正确答案。2.说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样，说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节，我们也可以采用“先看题，然后带

着问题在材料中寻找对应信息”的办法答题。3.记叙文中的细节以理解故事、人物描写等是阅读理解的考查重点之一。做这类题一般也可采用“寻读法”，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行分析对

比，获取准确信息，找出正确答案。例如第21题中根据题干中的关键词buy定位到Store，也就是第一段的内容。然后再结合后文中的Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLasterDome.就可以得出正确答案。能在文中直接找到信

息句子的细节题比较简单，一般设置在第一篇阅读里以减轻考生的紧张心理。所以考生要抓住这一特点，灵活使用解题策略，达到快速高效的目的。2.【2017·全国新课标I】BIworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatB

aileyArboretuminLocustValley.Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,wh

enitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl.Ithad

alreadybeenplacedinacarrierforsafety.Iexaminedthechick(雏鸟)anditseemedfine.IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitb

ack,butnoluck.Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound.

Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededwerethep

arents,buttheywereabsent.Igavethehomeownerarecordingofthehungerscreamsofowlchicks.Theseadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadults;theymightalsoenco

urageourchicktostartcallingaswell.Igavetheownerasmuchinformationaspossibleandheadedhometoseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,buts

ometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!Thehomeownercalledtosaythattheparentshadrespondedtotherecordings.

Idroveoverandsawthechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyand

wouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Effortsmadeinvain.B.Gettinginjuredinhis

work.C.Feelinguncertainabouthisfuture.D.Creaturesforcedoutoftheirhomes.25.WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?A.Torescueawoman.B.Totake

careofawoman.C.Tolookatababyowl.D.Tocureayoungowl.26.Whatmadethechickcalmdown?A.Anewnest.B.Somefood.C.Arecording.D.Itsparents.27.Howwouldtheautho

rfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent?A.It’sunexpected.B.It’sbeautiful.C.It’shumorous.D.It’sdiscouraging.【文章大意】救助小动物并没

有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。25.C细节题。根据第二段Sheha

dfoundayoungowl(猫头鹰)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作

者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。26.A细节题。根据第四段Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来

，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。27.B推理判断题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母。小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐。作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的However,whenitworks,itissimplyb

eautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。对于直接信息的细节题来说，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。而细节理解题

是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这对考生来说有一定难度。例如第25题WhywastheauthorcalledtoMuttontown?作者为什么会被打电话喊

去Muttontown呢？通过浏览后文考生都知道是和救助小猫头鹰有关，但C选项Tolookatababyowl.和D选项Tocureayoungowl.中都涉及到了“小猫头鹰”，那到底是去“看小猫头鹰”还是去“治疗小猫头鹰”呢？毕竟文章第一段中介绍作者工

作职责的句子IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife,arescueandeducationorganizationatBaileyArboretuminLocustValley.中出现了rescue“救援”这个单词。再加上后文又出现injured，di

splacedorsickcreatures等单词，给考生的心理暗示就是被救助的小动物都是受伤的状态。有了前文的暗示，考生很有可能会选择D选项，认为作者接到电话后去Muttontown救助小猫头鹰。但实际上，小猫头鹰只是掉在地面上，并没有受伤。根据这一点，D选项就被排除了。所以正确答案

是C选项。3.【2017·全国新课标I】CSomeoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO

(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasauni

fying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwith

youngergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranho

pestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.“Jazzseemslikeit’snotreal

lyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.“WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyounge

rstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisth

attheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomov

e,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller’smusicforadan

ceparty,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”saysMoran.“Forme,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,

wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParker

recordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontin

uethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”28．WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.B．Toprotect

culturaldiversity.C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A．

Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebec

ominglarger.30．WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?A．Itwilldisappeargradually.B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshoul

dkeepupwiththetimes.D．Itchangesevery50years.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Exploringthe

FutureofJazz.B．TheRiseandFallofJazz.C．TheStoryofaJazzMusician.D．CelebratingtheJazzDay.29.C推理判断题。根据前文Despitethecelebrati

ons,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但

美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将年轻一代人联接起来。再结合It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat“是JasonMoran所做的事情帮助改变了那个情况”，所以可推测that指代的是前文

中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。30.C细节理解题。根据第五段中的Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethew

aytheworldworksisnotthesame可知Moran认为爵士乐不能以1908或1958年的方式来表达当代，因为世界运转的方式不同，所以爵士乐必须继续前进才行。说明随着时代的发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃

。故选C。31.A推理判断题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去吸引力。可知本文主要探索爵士乐的未来，故

选A。【名师点睛】通常情况下，文章的标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。概括性就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题。针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。而醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读

的兴趣。考试中标题选择的题型一般是基础标题的概括性进行设题。解答这一类题型，考生可以从以下几点着手：一、在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容

与作者的写作目的是否一致。二、了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的

中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句。三、逆向思维法如果考生觉得文章大意难以总结，不妨采取逆向思维，从四个选项下手。也就是思考四个选项：如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该写些什么内容？4.【2017·全国新课标I】DAbuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸

馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.DepartmentofAgricu

lture,it’sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimp

ossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5＇5＇sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—per

hapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkin

gstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity.Placeyourcupi

nthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,coverthehole

withtheplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnow

formacone(圆锥体)with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksby

creatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup

.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon’thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.32.Whatdoweknowabo

utthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It’sdelicate.B.It’sexpensive.C.It’scomplex.D.It’sporta

ble.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inparagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.34.What’sthelaststepofc

onstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet’scenterdown.

D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.35.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupform.A.theplastictubeB.ou

tsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet【答案】33.B推理判断题。根据Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivity可知最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工

作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D，但是退一步讲，就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。34.C

细节题。根据第三段Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock

.可知最后一步是weightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去”，故选C。35.D推理判断题。结合第四段中的Groundwaterevaporates(蒸发)andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldrop

sofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。【名师点

睛】近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高同学们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、

句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，考生要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下六种解题技巧：技巧1定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义。技巧2对比法：利用

文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。技巧3因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。技巧4例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。技巧5构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。技巧6根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。技巧7根据句子结构进行判断。技巧

8根据文章的背景进行判断。技巧9上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。本篇阅读中的第33小题就属于词义猜测题。考生可以根据技巧9上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义来选择正确答案。划线短语thewatercatcher很简单，考生一

看就知道是“获得水的物品”的意思，在蒸馏器整个装置中，接水的东西就是杯子，这根据常识也知道的，因此很容易错选为D选项。如果考生仔细读划线短语所在的句子Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher’sproductivi

ty就会发现一个关键的单词productivity。productivity表示“生产效率，工作效率”，杯子接水是它本来的功能，不会因为环境变化而加快聚水或减慢聚水。在潮湿的地方挖洞是因为潮湿的土中含有的水相对丰富，水蒸气蒸发凝成水珠就快些，这和水杯完

全没有关系。所以结合上下文可知，thewatercatcher指的是蒸馏器整个装置。5.【2017·全国新课标II】AInthecomingmonths,wearebringingtogetherartistsfo

rmallovertheglobe,toenjoyspeakingshakespeare’splaysintheirownlanguage,inourglobe,withinthearchitectureshakespearewrotefor.pleasecomeandjoinus.Natio

nalTheatreOfChinaBeijing|ChineseThisgreatoccasion(盛会)willbethenationaltheatreofchina’sfirstvisittotheuk.Thecompany’sproductionsshowthenewfaceof21

stcenturychinesetheatre.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sRichardIIIwillbedirectedbytheNational’sAssociateDirector,WangXiaoying.D

ate&Time:Saturday28April,2.30pm&Sunday29April,1.30pm&6.30pmMarjanishviliTheatreTbilisilGeorgianOneoft

hemostfamoustheatresinGeorgia,theMarjanishvili,foundedin1928,appearsregularlyattheatrefestivalsallovertheworld.Thisnewproduc

tionofAsYouLikeItishelmed（指导）bythecompany’sArtisticDirectorLevanTsuladze.Date&Time:Friday18May,2.30pm&Sunday19M

ay,7.30pmDeafinitelyTheaterLondonlBritishSignLanguage（BSL）BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustaxtofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL,De

afinitelyThertrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare’scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasone

audience.Date&Time:Tueaday22May,2.30pm&Wednesday23May,7.30pmHabimaNationalTheatreTelAvivlHebrewTheHabi

maisthecentreofHebrew-languegetheatreworldwide,FoundedinMoscowafterthe1905revolution,thecompanyeventuallysettledinTelAvi

vinthelate1920s,Since1958,theyhavebeenrecognizedasthenationaltheatreofIsrael.ThisproductionofShakespeare’sTheMerchantofVenicemarkstheirf

irstvisittotheUK.DateDate&Time:Monday28May,7.30&Tuesday29May,7.30pm21.whichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina

?A.RichardⅢ.B.Lover’sLabour’sLostC.AsYouLikeItD.ThemerchantofVenice22.WhatisspecialaboutDeafinnitelyTheatre?A.Tthastwogroupso

factorsB.ItistheleadingtheatreinLondonC.ItperformsplaysinBSLD.Itisgoodatprductingcomedies23.Whencanyouseea

playinHebrew?A.Onsuturday28Apil.B.OnSunday29AprilC.OnTuesday22May.D.OnTuesday29May【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是

，莎士比亚的戏剧被翻译成几个国家的语言，并将在这些国家的大剧院上映的这一事件。【名师点睛】阅读理解旨在考查考生对于文章整体的理解与细节的把握与分析，要在了解整篇文章框架的基础上进行选择。本文属于广告类短文，所考

查三题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低

，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案

。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。例如第21题，根据题目“whichplaywillbeperformedbytheNationalTheatreofChina?”，由题目中出

现的关键信息theNationalTheatreofChina，直接定位第一篇宣传广告，在文中找到“ThisproductionofShakespeare’sRichardIIIwillbedirectedbytheNational’sAssociateDirector,WangX

iaoying”可知，Shakespeare’sRichardIII会在中国国家大剧院上映，故选A。考点：考查广告类阅读。6.【2017·全国新课标II】BIfirstmetPaulNewmanin196

8,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedso

mebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestu

diopowers.ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanage

difference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersw

eweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunde

rlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.Wesharedthebriefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,

youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewit

hSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly,butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedea

chotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIboth

knewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.24.Whywasthestudiounwillin

gtogivetheroletoauthoratfirst?A.PaulNewmanwantedit.B.Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.C.Hewasn’tfam

ousenough.D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.25.WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?A.Theywereofthesamedge.B.Theywork

edinthesametheater.C.Theywerebothgoodactors.D.Theyhansimilarcharactertics.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?A.Theirbelief.B.Their

careforchileden.C.Theirsuccess.D.Theirsupportforeachother.27.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetest?A.Tosho

whisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与

PaulNewman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让我参演电影时，PaulNewman站出来为我说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。21

.细节理解题。根据“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul”制片人不想要我，他想要当时比较出名的演员Paul,因此，可知作者当时还不是很

有名。故选C。22.细节理解题。根据“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors:humorous,aggressive,andmakingfun

ofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen”可知，作者与Paul之间有着相似的性格特征。故选D

。【名师点睛】本文前三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如24题中的A项“PaulNewmanwantedit.”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodya

swellknownasPaul”可知制片人不想要我，他想要当时比较出名的演员Paul，说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：1.张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中

出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。2.偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。3.无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在

原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。4.以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联

、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概

括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。考点：考查记叙文阅读7.【2017·全国新课标II】CTerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bri

ngingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition–hastwoseatswh

eelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhouronthe

roadand115inthefliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.Around100peopleha

vealreadyputdowna$10,000deposittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclatert

hisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,000.Anditwon’thelpif

you’restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMann

thinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovemmenthasalreadypermittedz&xxkthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomak

eiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetysiandards.MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFed

eralAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparatesetofstandardsforlightsportaircraft,whicharelowerthanthoseforpilotsoflargerplanes.Te

rrafugiasaysanownerwouldneedtopassatestandcomplete20hoursofflyingtimetobeabletoflytheTransition,arequirementpilotswouldfindr

elativelyeasytomeet.28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingc

ars.C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.29.WhyistheTransitionunlikelytoshowupintoomanydriveways?A.Itcauserstra

fficjams.B.Itisdifficulttooperate.C.Itisveryexpensive.D.Itbumstoomuchfuel.30.Whatisthegovernment’sattitudetothedevelopmentofth

eflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.FlyingCar

atAutoShowB.TheTransition’sFistFlightC.Pilots’DreamComingTrueD.FlyingCarClosertoReality【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述Terrafugia公司，研

制出了飞车，试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。23.主旨大意题。根据“Thewehicle-namedtheTransition–hastwoseatswheelsandwings

thatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhouronthero

adand115inthefliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.”可知，本段主要是对

Transition的构架进行了介绍。故选A。24.细节理解题。根据“Butdon’texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It’sexpectedtocost$279,

000”可知，因为Transition的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。故选C。25.细节理解题。根据“hegovemmenthasalreadypermittedz&xxkthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierfo

rthevehicletofly”以及“MannsaidTerrafugiawashelpedbytheFederalAviationAdministration’sdecisionfiveyearsagotocreateaseparateseto

fstandardsforlightsportaircraf”可知，政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。故选B。8.【2017·全国新课标II】DWhenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn’tsitquietly

.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellth

atneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthr

oughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingatt

acked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighboursreact.Someplantspumpoutsmel

lychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Onc

etheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.zxx|kOncetheyarrive,thet

ablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelpthen

eighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthe

alarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryof

painorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.So

informationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusie

r,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenit

isunderattack?A.Itmakesnoises.B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.C.ItstandsquietlyD.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.33.Whatdoe

stheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?A.Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherundertheta

ble.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.34.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.A.predictnaturaldisaste

rsB.protectthemselvesagainstinsectsC.talktooneanotherintentionallyD.helptheirneighborswhennecessary35.whatcanweinferfromthelast

paragraph?A.Thewordischangingfasterthanever.B.PeoplehavestrongersensesthanbeforeC.TheworldismorecomplexthanitseemsD.PeopleinDarwin’st

imewereimaginative.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。首先提出，当多叶植物受到攻击时，不会坐以待毙这一论点，并围绕这一论点展开叙述。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，会发出VOCs，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。26.细节理解题。根据“report

edthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomef

romtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm”可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。27.词义推测题。根据“Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattacker

whowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch”，一旦它们到达这里，（），然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐，根据语境，故选C。28.细节理解题，根据“Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelpth

eneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardt

healarmandknewwhattodo”，可知，植物在必要的时候会通过分泌化学物质，通知周围的植物保持警惕。故选D。【名师点睛】本文33题属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunching

nowbecomeslunch”中的lunch,说明攻击者会成为午餐以及“Whenaleafyplantisunderattack，itdoesn’tsitquietly植物受到攻击时，不会坐以待毙”，故th

etablesareturned意为“Theplantsgetreadytofightback.植物准备反击”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将

会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。考点：考查记叙文阅读。9.【2017·新课标III】ASanFranciscoFireEngineTo

ursSanFranciscoWineryTourRunning:February1stthroughApril30thThisdelicioustourgoesthroughthecityonitsw

aytoTreasureIslandwherewewillstopatthefamousWinerySF.Hereyoucanenjoy4poursofsomeofthebestwineSanFranciscoh

astooffer.(Includedinticketsprice)DepartingfromtheCannery:Telltimeuponrequest.Duration(时长)：2hoursPrice:$90BacktotheFiftiesTourRunning:August16ththrou

ghAugust31stThistourtransportsyoubackintimetooneofSanFrancisco’smostfantasticperiods,the1950s!EnjoyfunhistoryaswetakeyouthroughSan

Franciscoforafreetasteoficecream.DepartingformtheCannery5:00pmand7:00pmDuration:2hoursPrice:$90SpookyHalloweenTourRunning:October10ththroughOctober3

1stJoinusforaridethroughthehistoricalPresidiodistrict.Authenticfiregear（服装）isprovidedforyourwarmthasou

rentertainerstakeyoutosomeofthemostthrillingpartsofSanFranciscoDepartingfromtheCannery:6:30pmand8:30pmDuration:1hourand30minutesPrice:

AvailableuponrequestHolidayLightsTourRunning:December6ththroughDecember23ndThistractivefourtakesyoutosomeofSanFrancis’

smostcheerfulholidayscenes.Authenticfiregearisprovidedforyourwarmthasyougetintotheholidayspirit.Departingfromthe

Cannery7:00pmand9:00pmDuration:Ihourand30minutesAdvancereservationsrequired.21.WhichofthetoursisavailableinMarch?A

.SanFranciscoWineryTour.B.BacktotheFiftiesTour.C.SpookyHallowenTour.D.HolidayLightsTour.22.Whatcantour

istsdoonBacktotheFiftiesTours?A.GotoTreasureIsland.B.Enjoytheholidayscenes.C.Havefreeicecream.D.VisittheP

residiodistrict.23.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonHolidayLightsTour?A.Takesomedrinks.B.Setoffearly

inthemorning.C.Wearwarmclothes.D.Makereservationsinadvance.【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了圣弗朗西斯科的四个旅游活动和路线。【名师点睛】细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快

速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还

要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。本文中的22.23.题都可以根据题干定位到相关的theFiftiesTours和HolidayLightsTour部分，然后轻松得出答案。10.【2017·新课标III】BMinutesaf

terthelastmovieendedyesterdayatthePlazaTheater,employeeswerebusysweepinguppopcornsandgatheringcokecups.Itwasascenethathadbeenrepea

tedmanytimesinthetheater’s75-yearhistory.Thistime,however,thecleanupwasalittledifferent.Asonegroupofworkerscarriedouttherubbish,anothergr

oupbeganremovingseatsandothertheaterequipmentinpreparationforthebuilding’send.ThefilmclassicTheLastPictureShowwasthelastmovieshownint

heoldtheater.Thoughthemovieis30yearsold,mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-betotheoldbuilding.TheaterownerEdBra

dfordsaidhechosethemoviebecauseitseemedappropriate.Themovieissetinasmalltownwheretheonlymovietheaterispreparingtoclosedown.Bradfor

dsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.Headdedthatthetheater’slocation(位置)wasalsoareason.“Thisusedtob

ethecenteroftown,”hesaid.“Nowtheareaismostlyofficebuildingsandwarehouses.”Lastweeksomecityofficialssuggestedthec

itymightbeinterestedinturningtheoldtheaterintoamuseumandpublicmeetingplace.However,theseplanswereabandonedbecauseoffinancial

problems.Bradfordsoldthebuildingandlandtoalocaldevelopmentfirm,whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheateris

located.Thetheateraudiencesaidgood-byasBradfordlockedthedoorsforthelasttime.After75yearsthePlazaTheaterhasshownitsla

stmovie.Thetheaterwillbemissed.24.Inwhatwaywasyesterday’scleanupatthePlazaspecial?A.Itmaderoomfornewequi

pment.B.Itsignaledtheclosedownofthetheater.C.Itwasdonewiththehelpoftheaudience.D.Itmarkedthe75thanniversaryofthethea

ter.25.WhywasTheLastPictureShowputon?A.Itwasanall-timeclassic.B.Itwasaboutthehistoryofthetown.C.Theaudiencerequestedi

t.D.Thetheaterownerfounditsuitable.26.Whatwillprobablyhappentothebuilding?A.Itwillberepaired.B.Itwillbeturnedintoamus

eum.C.Itwillbeknockeddown.D.Itwillbesoldtothecitygovernment.27.Whatcanweinferabouttheaudience?A.TheyaredisappointedwithBr

adford.B.Theyaresadtopartwiththeoldtheater.C.Theyaresupportiveofthecityofficials.D.Theyareeagertohaveashoppingcenter.25.D推理判断题。根据第二段内

容可知，剧院老板选择这部戏剧的因为是这部戏剧本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，恰好能反映出thePlazaTheater的现状。26.C细节理解题。根据第四段末句“whichplanstobuildashoppingcomplexonthelandwherethetheate

rislocated.”可以推断这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。27.B推理判断题。根据第二段中“mostofthe250seatswerefilledwithteary-eyedaudiencewantingtosaygood-byetothe

oldbuilding.”可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。11.【2017·新课标III】CAfteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.Fourteen

wolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.Grayw

olvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.By

the1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.Theywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestso

fCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources(来源)forthewolf–gre

wrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.T

hecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.Asearlyas1966,bi

ologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyf

armersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.Thegovernmentspentnearly30y

earscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpa

cksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsa

redown,whilebeaversandredforeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintro

ducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.28.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.B.PlantdiversityintheYell

owstonearea.C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dis

placed”inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.30.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolves

bringabout？A.Damagetolocalecology.B.Adeclineinthepark’sincome.C.Preservationofvegetation.D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.31.W

hatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject？A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的事情。因为人类

活动影响到灰狼数量逐渐减少，鹿群数量逐渐增加，从而造成植被遭到大量破坏。【名师点睛】词义猜测题是高考英语阅读理解中常见的题型，一般考查对生词的猜测、熟词生义词的猜测、短语的猜测、代词的指代以及句子的理解。要求考生掌握构词法，还要学会利用上下文语境、利用定义、解释、举例和对比转折等线索来进行判断推

测。而构词法也是一种猜词的办法，比如通过前缀：dis-，un-，im-等等，如本题中的displace。30.A细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，灰狼的减少造成了鹿群的增多，从而植被遭到了破坏；而且红狐和海狸也不断减少，由此推断灰狼的消失引起了当地

生态的破坏。31.B推理判断题。根据文章末段末句可知，作者认为引进灰狼的项目是很有价值的实验，是很值得推广的。12.【2017·新课标III】DTheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcas

tleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwheret

hekeystresspointsare.Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwell-beingamongolderpeople,

leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated(隔绝)andinactive.LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopingin-

vehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.Theseincludecustom-madenavigation(导航)too

ls,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:“Formanyolderpeople,particularly

thoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutw

ithouthavingtorelyonothers.”“Butweallhavetoacceptthataswegetolderourreactionsslowdownandthisoftenresultsinpeopleavoidin

ganypotentiallychallengingdrivingconditionsandlosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.Theresultisthatpeoplestopdrivingbefore

theyreallyneedto.”DrAmyGuo,theleadingresearcherontheolderdriverstudy,explains,“TheDriveLABishelpingustoundersta

ndwhatthekeypointsanddifficultiesareforolderdriversandhowwemightusetechnologytoaddresstheseproblems.“Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectol

derdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepata

constantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined.We’relookingatthebenefitsofsystemswhichcontroltheirspeedasawayofpreve

ntingthat.“Wehopethatourworkwillhelpwithtechnologicalsolutions(解决方案)toensurethatolderdriversstaysaferbeh

indthewheel.”32.WhatisthepurposeoftheDrivelAB?A.Toexplorenewmeansoftransport.B.Todesignnewtypesofcars.C.

Tofindoutolderdriver`sproblems.D.Toteachpeopletrafficrules.33.WhyisdrivingimportantforolderpeopleaccordingtoPhilBlythe?A.Itkeepsthemindependent.B.Ith

elpsthemsavetime.C.Itbuildsuptheirstrength.D.Itcurestheirmentalillnesses.34.Whatdoresearchershopetodoforolderdrivers?A.Improvetheirdrivingskills.B

.Developdriver-assisttechnologles.C.Providetipsonrepairingtheircars.D.Organizeregularphysicalcheckups.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AnewModelEl

ectricCarB.ASolutiontoTrafficProblemC.DrivingServiceforeldersD.KeepingOlderDriversontheRoad33.A推理判断题。根据第四段中PhilBlythe

所说的内容“drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers”可知，在PhilBlythe看来，能

够开车是老年人能够保持独立生活的重要条件。34.B推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。35.D主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款“DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇

到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。【名师点睛】主旨大意题可分为篇章主旨和段落主旨。开门见山提出主题是大多数文章的写作方法，新闻报道、调查报告、科普性文章大都采用演绎法，本文就属于科技报告类，在文章开头提出了中

心，然后详细介绍这种技术，由此可以判断文章的中心话题。13.【2017·北京卷】AItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballwerewaitingfortheirnexttur

nsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm,Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedhertea

mmateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn’tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.Suddenly,Parisfell

totheground,“Paris’seyerolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”Itcertainlywas,Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailur

e.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirstnoonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?”CPRisalif

e-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson’schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.With

outoxygenthebrainisdamagingquickly.Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn’tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhenn

ooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR,“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.Taylor’sswif

tactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectroni

cdevices(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:Paris’heartbeatreturned.“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mos

tpeopledon’tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”ExpertssayParisisright:Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsurvivalishavingsomeonenearbystepin

anddoCPRquickly.Today,Parisisbackonthesoftballteam.Taylorwillapplytocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse.“Ifeelmoreconfid

entinmyactionsnow,”Taylorsays.“IknowIcanactunderpressureinascarysituation.”56.WhathappenedtoParisonaMarchday?A.Shecaughtabadcold.

B.Shehadasuddenheartproblem.C.Shewasknockeddownbyaball.D.Sheshiveredterriblyduringpractice57.WhydoesParissayshewaslucky?A.Shem

adeaworthyfriend.B.Sherecoveredfromshock.C.ShereceivedimmediateCPR.D.Shecamebackonthesoftballteam.58.Whichoft

hefollowingwordscanbestdescribeTaylor?A.Enthusiasticandkind.B.Courageousandcalm.C.Cooperativeandgenerous.D.Ambitiousandprofessional.58

.推理判断题。Taylor根据自己所学的CPR知识及时的挽救了Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。考点：人物故事类短文阅读。【名师点睛】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常

选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。解题技巧：1、高考选用的此类文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种

观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第58题，总结人物品质的，Taylo

r根据自己所学的CPR知识及时的挽救了Paris的生命，虽然犹豫了，但是很快地进行CPR抢救，说明她很勇敢，很镇静，不慌不忙，不像其他孩子那样陷入惊慌之中，故选B。2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细

节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。3、对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要

确WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomple

xideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲学）—andtheywillsoo

ndiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandc

reativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.定所需查找的信息范围，并

注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。14.【2017·北京卷】BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOW

Magazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth

.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtothei

rfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmes

sagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope£55RestofWorld£65□AnnualSubscriptionwi

thGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope£60RestofWorld£70RefundPolicy—thesubscriptionc

anbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.59.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents

.B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.60.Wh

atdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses.B.Articlesonnewtopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.D.Reportsonsci

entificdiscoveries.61.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.£55.B.£60.C.£65.

D.£70.62.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresentsB.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclubD.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson60.

细节理解题。根据第二个方框内Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake可知杂志每个月都会引入一个新观点，并配有文章，实验等，所以答案为B。

61.细节理解题。根据AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack所在部IncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope£60RestofWorld£70，中国属于

RestofWorld，故是£70，答案为D。62.细节理解题。根据最后一句话RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyo

urmoneyback.可知订阅可在28天内取消，且全额退款，故答案为B。考点：广告类文章阅读【名师点睛】细节理解题的类型：1、直接信息题对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细

阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。60题就是可以直接在文中找到有关信息。2、间接信息题做这类题目时，考生需要对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别，这

是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型，对考生来说有一定难度。比如第61题就属于间接信息题，只需要根据题意推知中国属于RestofWorld，故是£70，答案为D。3、数字计算题数字计算题也是近几年高考中常考的内容，此类试题是在文章中直接表现出来细节事实，

有的要经过具体的计算才能够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先来理解文章的大意，然后经过

对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。4、排列顺序题这种试题要求考生根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。做这种题时可采用“首尾定位法”，即最先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出

正确答案。15.【2017·北京卷】CMeasles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedSt

ates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemoveme

ntandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumber

smightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationa

sawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccina

tedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywh

ennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishap

peninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth

,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisd

rivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不

参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparents

togetanexemption（豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingne

wregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?

Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesha

resintherisks.63．Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________.A．asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendB．theoutbreakofmea

slesattractsthepublicattentionC．anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD．informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly64．Herdimmunityworkswellwhen__________

__.A．exemptionsareallowedB．severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC．thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD．newregulationsareaddedtothesta

telaws65．Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A．Theoveruseofvaccine.B．Thelackofmedicalcare.C．Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D．Thevaccin

eopt-outsofsomepeople.66．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B．Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C．Tostresstheimportanceofv

accination.D．Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【答案】63A64C65D66C64.细节理解题。根据第三段Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.可知只

有群体中所有人都参与进来了群体免疫才会有用，因此答案选C。65.推理判断题。根据第一段Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinfor

mationthatisspreadingquickly.可知，那些反对注射疫苗的运动和迅速传播的错误信息导致了麻疹疾病的复发，故选D。66.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，

故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。考点：医学疾病类文章阅读【名师点睛】作者态度及写作意图推断每一篇文章都会包含作者的某种观点和态度，只不过有的直截了当，有的含而不露，有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现。此类题可细分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题

(表明作者对某事物的看法)。准确把握作者的情感和态度，需要注意以下几点：1.作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案。2.漠不关心类词语往往不对,既然写文章就不会不关心。3.不要把自

己的态度揉入其中,也要区分作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度。4.当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性来判断。5.作者的观点一般与文章的主旨相关联。6.绝对化或语气过于强烈的选项常常是错误的,如:strong,complete,entire等。比如66

题，本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。16.【2017·北京卷】DHollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldr

ivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomee

xtremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofou

ndedthefieldofcybernetics（控制论）,putitthisway:“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperat

ionwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesir

e.”Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thi

squalityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifit

isdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydis

ablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatch

againstverydetermined,superintelligentmachineswhoseobjectivesconflictwithourown,withtherealworldasthechessboard.Thepossibilityofenterin

gintoandlosingsuchamatchshouldconcentratethemindsofcomputerscientists.Someresearchersarguethatwecansealthemachine

sinsideakindoffirewall,usingthemtoanswerdifficultquestionsbutneverallowingthemtoaffecttherealworld.Unfortunately,thatplanseemsunlikelytowork:

wehaveyettoinventafirewallthatissecureagainstordinaryhumans,letalonesuperintelligentmachines.Solvingthesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforw

ardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Butt

heproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand,asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers.Somearguethathumansandmachinescancoexistaslongastheywork

inteams—yetthatisnotpossibleunlessmachinessharethegoalsofhumans.Otherssaywecanjust“switchthemoff”asifsuperin

telligentmachinesaretoostupidtothinkofthatpossibility.StillothersthinkthatsuperintelligentAIwillneverhappen.OnSeptember11,1933,famousphys

icistErnestRutherfordstated,withconfidence,“Anyonewhoexpectsasourceofpowerinthetransformationoftheseatoms

istalkingmoonshine.”However,onSeptember12,1933,physicistLeoSzilardinventedtheneutron-induced(中子诱导)nuclearchainreaction.67.Paragraph1mainlytellsu

sthatartificialintelligencemay.A.runoutofhumancontrolB.satisfyhuman’srealdesiresC.commandarmiesofkillerrobotsD.w

orkfasterthanamathematician68.Machineswithspecificpurposesareassociatedwithlivingthingspartlybecausetheymigh

tbeableto.A.preventthemselvesfrombeingdestroyedBachievetheiroriginalgoalsindependentlyC.doanythingsuccessfullywithgivenordersD.beathumansininternatio

nalchessmatches69.Accordingtosomeresearchers,wecanusefirewallsto.A.helpsuperintelligentmachinesworkbetterB.besecureagainstevilhumanbeingsC.keepmach

inesfrombeingharmedD.avoidrobots’affectingtheworld70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesafetyproblemofsuperintelligentmach

ines?A.ItwilldisappearwiththedevelopmentofAI.B.Itwillgetworsewithhumaninterference.C.Itwillbesolvedbutwithdifficulty.D.Itw

illstayforadecade.【答案】67A68A69D70C【解析】试题分析：本文主要介绍了人工智能，它会给我们的生活带来什么样的影响。67.推理判断题。根据第一段Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilityt

hatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.可知人工智能可能会出

现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。68.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,oneth

atweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:awishtopreserveitsownexistence.可知，原因是保护它自己的存在的一种愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故

选A。【名师点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了作出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，作出判断和推论，从而

得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。推理判断题的解题方法：推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和

经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者需要知道如何去做或按照某种方式思考问题。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并

确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。17.【2017·天津卷】ASupposeyou’reinarush,feelingtired,notpayingattentiontoyourscreen

,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.Realisationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou’veclicked“send”

.Youfreezeinhorrorsandburnwithshame.Whattodo?Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,andhowtorecover.Clicking“send”toosoonDon’twasteyourtimet

ryingtofindoutifthereceivershasreadityet.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabriefexplainingthatthisisthecorrectver

sionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.WritingthewrongtimeThesooneryounotice,thebetter.Respondquicklyandbriefly,apologizing

foryourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:don’thandleittoolightly,aspeoplecanbeoffered,especiallyifyourerrorsugge

stsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(I.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames).Clicking“replyall”unintentionallyYouaccidentallyreveal(透露)toentir

ecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner,orwhatholidayyou’dliketotake.Inthisinstance,thebestsolutionistosend

aquick,light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse,wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoinin

alongandunpleasantconversation.Inthisinstance,stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.Sendinganoffensivemessagetoit’ssubjectThemost

awkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone,intendingtosendittoafriend,butaccidentallysendittotheper

sonyou’rediscussing.Inthatcase,asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry.Explainyourfrustrations

calmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytichearupanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson.36.Afterrealizinganemailaccident,youarelikelytofeel__

_____.A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny37.Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail,itisbestto________.A.apologiseinaseriousm

annerB.tellthereceivertoignoretheerrorC.learntowritethenamecorrectlyD.sendashortnoticetoeveryone38.Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationis

startedbyyour“replyall”email?A.Tryofferingotherchoices.B.Avoidfurtherinvolvement.C.Meetotherstaffmembers.D.Makealight

-heartedapology.39.Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail?A.Bypromisingnottooffendthereceiveragain.B.Bysee

kingsupportfromthereceiver’sfriends.C.Byaskingthereceivertocontrolhisanger.D.Bytalkingtothereceiverfacetofac

e.40.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Definingemailerrors.B.Reducingemailmistakes.C.Handlingemailaccidents.D.Impro

vingemailwriting.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了因为失误而发错信息的补救方法。36.【答案】C考点：考查细节理解。37.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：根据第二个标题句Writingthewrongtim

e后面内容Respondquicklyandbriefly,apologizingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:don’thandleittoolightly,aspeoplecanbeoffered

,especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(I.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames).可以拍判断出：你在邮件上写错了名字，最好以认真的方式道歉，故选A。考点：考查

细节理解。38.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：根据第三标题句Clicking“replyall”unintentionally下面内容的最后一句话：Inthisinstance,stepawayfromyou

rkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown在这种情况下，远离键盘让大家冷静下来，即避免进一步的牵涉。故选B。考点：考查细节理解。39.【答案】D【解析】试题分析：据最后最后一个标题句下面内容Intha

tcase,asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry，在这种情况下尽快的去当面说声和道歉，故选D。考点：考查细节理解。40.【答案】C考点：考查主旨大意。【名师点睛】这是一篇说明文，题目比较简单的，考查细节题为主。可以使

用信息筛选法做题。为了节省时间，可以用先看题目，带着题目在文中寻读的方法找到主题句，理解并找出正确答案。如36题，题目问：在你意识到你的邮件问题时你可能会感到_____，而文章中第二段就是题干信息，后面就是答案，答案是

很明显的。18.【2017·天津卷】BFifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuilding

sandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,

justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswo

manwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwo

uldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingprevent

edmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewb

ored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandsca

pe,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomstolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniqu

ebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfig

ureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tev

enknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’space.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindu

sthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatp

hotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofgla

ss.41.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?A.Hercamerastoppedworking.B.Awomanblockedherview.C.SomeoneaskedhertoleaveD.Af

riendapproachedfrombehind.42.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably_______.A.enjoyingherselfB.losingherpatienceC.wa

itingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpast43.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.B.Theperfectpositio

ningofthecamera.C.Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.44.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthor

tobetterunderstand________.A.theneedtobeclosetonatureB.theimportanceofprivatespaceC.thejoyofthevacationinItalyD.thesharedpassionforbea

uty45.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon_______.A.aparticularlifeexperienceB.thepleasureoftrav

elingC.theartofphotographyD.alostfriendship【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。41.【答案】B考点：考查细节理解。42.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：根据第三段的句子Sheseemedsocontenti

nherobservation.她好像那么的满足于她的观察（欣赏风景），即在作者看来，那个妇女很可能很愉快。故选A。考点：考查细节理解。43.【答案】C【解析】试题分析：根据第四段的句子Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomst

olifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit可以判断出作者认为是因为照片中有了这个妇女的存在使这张照片有了活力和生机.。故选C。考点：考查细节理解。44.【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据倒数第二段中Perhapsthisiswhatphotos

arefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,可以判断出：挂在卧室墙上的照片使作者更好的理解了人们共有的欣赏追求美的激情。故选D。考点：考查推理判断。45.【答案】A【解析】试题分

析：通读全文可知，前四段讲述这次印度旅行的特殊经历，后三段讲述这次特殊经历带给作者的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对于一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。考点：考查推理判断。【名师点睛】这是一篇故事类短文，题目设置都以细

节题为主，推理判断为辅。细节题一般就是文章出现的内容即是答案，也有推理判断题，就是不是通过题干的某个单词定位到文中能直接看出答案来的，要通过故事中所陈述的内容来推理判断。做题时不能流于表面。可以适当运用一些解题技巧。做推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短

语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。比如45题，问这篇文章是作者对___的思考，答案是根据最后三段内容推理出来的。19.【2017·天津卷】CThismonth,Germ

any’stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddef

inethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptsto

dealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelayth

edriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产)damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumans

basedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetoth

eroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsi

blefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall,”saysNatashaMe

ratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducesearlierthisyea

r,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingof

driverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becaus

eoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithoutoperation.Driverle

sscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSing

apore,wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverd

riverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.46.Whatdoesthephrase“dea

thvalley”inParagraph2referto?A.Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B.Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C.Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D.Asituationwhere

drivers’roleisnotclear.47.TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto__________.A.stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB.helppromotefullyautomati

cdrivingC.protectdriversofallagesandracesD.preventseriouspropertydamage48.Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverle

sscars?A.Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.B.Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C.Itshouldnotcausedeadlytra

fficaccidents.D.Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.49.Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein__________.A.SingaporeB.theUKC.theUSD

.Germany50.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforpassage?A.AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B.FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC.AutonomousVehicles:Drive

rRemovedD.DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。46.【答案】D考点：考查词义

猜测。47.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：根据第二段的句子Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:和第四段内容T

hechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving,”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.可以

判断出这个提议被提出是为了推动完全自动化的驾驶。故选B。考点：考查推理判断。48.【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据第七段内容Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriv

erlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’,peopleexpectdriverlesscars.”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”可知消费者认为对于无人

驾驶车辆的运行不应该牵涉到人的责任。故选D。考点：考查细节理解。49.【答案】C【解析】试题分析：根据最后一段ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwo

uldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere,”saysCalo.可知公共交通工具中无人驾驶车看不到未来是在美国。故选C

。考点：考查细节理解。50.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了德国交通部长的提议是为了促进无人驾驶车运行，界定了汽车制造方负责，由此在第五段引出全文的主题句:Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchveh

iclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.下面就此展开陈述。所以：自动化驾驶：谁的责任可以概括全文，充当本文题目，故选A。考点：考查主旨大意。

【名师点睛】这篇文章内容和每个人生活密切相关，讲的是谁对这种新型交通工具：无人驾驶的全自动化的车辆负责各国意见不一，学生应该有兴趣阅读，涉及到科技前沿，文章篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，还有词义辨析类的题目，对学生能力考查比较

全面。做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在的前后的句子，发现有没有关联的同义词，反义词或是这个词的定义，分析这篇阅读的46题，要求对含有这个短语的整个句子的正确理解以及标点符号的作用。20.【201

7·天津卷】DIreadsomewherethatwespendafullthirdofourliveswaiting.Butwherearewedoingallofthiswaiting,andwhatdoesitmeantoanimpatient

societylikeours?Tounderstandtheissue,let’stakealookatthreetypesof“waits”.TheverypurestformofwaitingistheWatched-PotWait.

Itiswithoutdoubtthemostannoyingofall.Takefillingupthekitchensink(洗碗池)asanexample.Thereisabsolutelynothingyoucandowhilethisisg

oingonbutkeepbotheyesfixedonthesinkuntilit’sfull.Duringthesewaits,thebrainslipsawayfromthebodyandwandersaboutuntilthewaterrunsovertheedgeofthecoun

terandontoyoursocks.Thiskindofwaitmakesthewaiterhelplessandmindless.AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdisc

ipline.ProperlypreparingpackagednoodlesouprequiredaForcedWait.Directionsareveryspecific.“Bringthreecup

sofwatertoboil,addmix,simmerthreeminutes,removefromheat,letstandfiveminutes.”Ihavemydoubtsthatanyonehasact

uallyfollowedtheproceduresstrictly.Afterall,ForcedWaitingrequirespatience.PerhapsthemostpowerfultypeofwaitingistheLucky-

BreakWait.Thistypeofwaitisunusualinthatitisforthemostpartvoluntary.UnliketheForcedWait,whichisalsovoluntary

,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwillhappen.Turningone’slifeintoawaitinggamerequiresfaithandhope

,andisstrictlyfortheoptimistsamongus.Onthesurfaceitseemsasridiculousasfollowingthedirectionsonsoupmixes,buttheLucky-BreakWaitwel

lservesthosewhoarewillingtodoit.Aslongasonedoesn’tcometorelyonit,wishingforafewgoodthingstohappenneverhurtsanybod

y.zxxkWecertainlydospendagooddealofourtimewaiting.Thenexttimeyou’restandingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoo

dlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate.You’reprobablyjustasbusyasthenextguy.51.WhiledoingaWatched-

PotWait,wetendto___________.A.keepourselvesbusyB.getabsent-mindedC.growanxiousD.stayfocused52.Whatisthedifference

betweentheForcedWaitandtheWatched-PotWait?A.TheForcedWaitrequiressomeself-control.B.TheForcedWaitmakespeoplepass

ive.C.TheWatched-PotWaitneedsdirections.D.TheWatched-PotWaitengagesbodyandbrain.53.WhatcanwelearnabouttheLucky-BreakWait

?A.ItislessvoluntarythantheForcedWait.B.Itdoesn’talwaysbringthedesiredresult.C.ItismorefruitfulthantheForcedWait.D.Itdoesn’tgivepeoplefaithandhop

e.54.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodothenexttimewearewaiting?A.Takeitseriously.B.Don’trelyonothers.C.Dosomethingelse.D.Don’tloseheart.55.Th

eauthorsupportshisviewby_________.A.exploringvariouscausesof“waits”.B.describingdetailedprocessesof“waits”.C.analyzingdifferentcategoriesof“w

aits”D.revealingfrustratingconsequencesof“waits”【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要通过介绍三种不同种类的等待来论述我们花费大量的时间来等待而且说明自己的观点，充满希望和信念去等

待。51.【答案】B考点：考查细节理解。52.【答案】A【解析】试题分析：根据第三段第一句AcousintotheWatched-PotWaitistheForcedWait.Thisonerequiresabitofdiscipline可知，被迫的等待

和留意的等待之间的区别在于被迫的等待需要纪律即自控.，故选A。考点：考查细节理解。53.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：根据第四段的句子whichisalsovoluntary,waitingforyourluckybreakdoesnotnecessarilymeant

hatitwillhappen.可知等待你的好运不一定意味着就会发生，即不一定带来渴望的结果。故选B。考点：考查细节理解。54.【答案】D【解析】试题分析：根据第最后一段中Thenexttimeyou’resta

ndingatthesinkwaitingforittofillwhilecookingnoodlesoupthatyou’llhavetoeatuntilalargebagofcashfallsoutofthesky,don’tbedesperate..。可以判断出

当我们下一次等待的时候我们不要绝望即不要灰心。故选D。考点：考查细节理解。55.【答案】C【解析】试题分析：通读全文可以知道，作者通过2,3,4段列举了三种类型的等待，最后总结和表明了自己观点，所以判断出作者是通过分析不同种类的等待来支持自己的观点的。故选C。考点：考查标题判断。【名师点睛

】这篇文章内容是非常贴近生活的，篇幅适中较长，要求学生快速阅读材料，在掌握文章大意的前提下答题。考查题型以理解细节题为主，还要学生结合文章作出推理判断，这些不是某个句子可以体现的，要对文章有整体把握。这篇文章最后一题就是推理判断题。学生对于55题推理判断题能很好的把握，根据文章中第二三

四段的首句即主题句就可以正确理解不难得出答案。21.【2017·浙江卷】ABenjaminWest,thefatherofAmericanpainting,showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotkn

owaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays,abrushwasmadefromcamel’shair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthat

cathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong,thecatbegantolook

ragged（蓬乱）.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear,oneofB

enjamin’scousins,Mr.Pennington,cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin’sdrawings.Whenhewenthome,hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomeb

rushes.Healsosentsixengravings（版画）byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjami

nwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenja

min’sparentsifhemighttaketheboytoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreat

ingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(风景)painting.Wiliams,awell-knownpainter,cametoseehimwork.WiliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwocla

ssicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle,havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid,”Thosetwobooksweremycompani

onsbyday,andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintro

ductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.21.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Benjamin’sv

isittoPhiladelphia.B.Williams’influenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjamin’slifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenB

enjaminandPennington.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggest?A.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwou

ldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.23.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalen

t?A.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthi

mhowtomakeengravings.24.Williams’twobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciateland

scapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter23.B细节理解题，根据最后一段“Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsfor

creatingoilpaintings”,可知Pennington为了帮助Benjamin培养绘画天赋，给他提供了一些绘画材料，故选B.24.D细节理解题，根据最后一段“Whileitislikelythatheu

nderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist,可知：这两本书帮助Benjam

in坚定了自己成为一名画家的决心，故选D.【名师点睛】本文后两个小题考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的D项“Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings”属于“偷梁换柱”类干扰项，根据第三段第五句“H

ealsosentsixengravingsbyanartist”可知“这些版画是Pennington送给Benjamin的”，并非是Pennington教Benjamin如何画版画，说明D项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法通常有以下几种方式：1.张冠

李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。2.偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造

成句意的改变。3.无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。4.以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的

错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章

直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。考点：考查记叙文阅读22.【2017·浙江卷】BGettinglesssleephasbec

omeabadhabitformostAmericankids.Accordingtoanewsurvey(调查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,51%ofkidsaged10to18goto

bedat10pmorlateronschoolnights,eventhoughtheyhavetogetupearly.LastyeartheFoundationreportedthatnearly60%of7-to12-year-oldssaidt

heyfelttiredduringtheday,and15%saidtheyhadfallenasleepatschool.Howmuchsleepyouneeddependsalotonyourage.Babiesneedalotofrest:m

ostofthemsleepabout18hoursaday!Adultsneedabouteighthours.Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal(理想的).ButthenewNat

ionalSleepFoundationsurveyfoundthat35%of10-to12-year-oldsgetonlysevenoreighthours.Andguesswhatalmosthalfofthesurveyedkidssaidtheydobe

forebedtime?WatchTV.“MorechildrenaregoingtobedwithTVson,andtherearemoreopportunities(机会)tostayawake,withmorehomework,theInternetand

thephone,”saysDr.MaryCarskadon,asleepresearcheratBrownUniversityMedicalSchool.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecan

getkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.Otherexpertssaypartoftheproblemischemical.Changinglevelsofbodychemicalscalledhormo

nesnotonlymaketeenagers’bodiesdevelopadultcharacteristics,butalsomakeithardforteenagerstofallasleepbefore11pm.

Becausesleepinessissuchaproblemforteenagers,someschooldistrictshavedecidedtostarthighschoolclasseslaterthantheyusedto.Threeyearsago,schools

inEdina,Minnesota,changedthestarttimefrom7:25amto8:30am.Students,parentsandteachersarepleasedwiththeresults.25.What

isthenewNationalSleepFoundationsurveyon?A.Americankids’sleepinghabits.B.Teenagers’sleep-relateddiseases.C.Activi

tiestopreventsleeplessness.D.Learningproblemsandlackofsleep.26.Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday?

A.7hours.B.8hours.C.10hours.D.18hours.27.WhydoteenagersgotosleeplateaccordingtoCarskadon?A.Theyareaffectedbycert

ainbodychemicals.B.Theytendtodothingsthatexcitethem.C.Theyfollowtheirparents’examples.D.Theydon’tneedtogotoschool

early.25.A细节理解题，根据文中第一段列举了一些数据，向我们说明美国有51%的10到18岁的孩子上床睡觉的时间偏晚，也调查了60%的7到12岁的孩子在白天感到疲惫，15%的孩子会在学校睡着，所以这些调查都是关

于美国孩子的睡眠习惯的，故选A.26.C细节理解题，根据第二段“Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal”,所以11岁的上学小孩子的睡眠时间需要10个小时，故选C.27.B细节理解

题，根据第三段“Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep”,所以她认为孩子们睡觉晚的原因是他们会在睡前做一些让他们兴

奋的活动，故选B.【名师点睛】本文属于议论类短文，所考查三题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料

中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的

信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文为例，我们根据题干中“Howmanyhoursofsleepdo11-year-oldsneedeveryday”11岁的孩子每天需要多少小时的睡眠时间，直接定位第二

段第三句Formostschool-agechildren,tenhoursisideal.可知上学的孩子需要10小时的理想睡眠时间，故选择C项。考点：考查议论文类阅读23.【2017·浙江卷】CFLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojoch

rufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe

’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.Ital

yisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant(移民)populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,o

rinsomecases,citizenship.Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecome

moreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration(融合).Otherssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seein

gitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andso

metermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.Italy,whichha

samuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly’sthen56.7m

illionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6

million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforanevenlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingperm

anentresidence(居住权)wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalt

hatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner,”anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsand

canspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.28.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.B.Toteac

hherchildrenItalian.C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.29.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay________.A.reduceItal

y’spopulationquicklyB.causeconflictsamongpeopleC.leadtofinancialdifficultiesD.putpressureonschools30.WhatdoweknowaboutCo

jochru?A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.D.Shewishestogoba

cktoherhomecountry.28.A细节理解题，根据第一段第二句“butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatest…”可知，Cojochru为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，

故选A.29.B推理判断题，根据第三段第一句“,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration”,可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会造成人与人

之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B.30.C细节理解题，根据最后一段最后一句“,eventhoughshe‘sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently”可知Cojochru的意大利语已经说的

很流利了，足够应付工作，故选C.【名师点睛】本文属于推理判断题，根据题干“Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay…”,抓住关键词worry，可以从文中第三段第

一句话进行推断：Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,su

chmeasureswillbecomeamorevehicleforintolerancethanintegration.根据关键信息intolerance可判断对语言的要求会造成外来居民和本地居民的不融合，即矛盾，从而选出正确答案。推理判断题是历届考生失分较多的题型，因为此类题

不仅要求考生理解具体事实细节，也要理解抽象含义，推理题的解题方法有：1.抓住特定的信息进行逆向或正向推理：善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐藏的深层含义。（29小题使用的就是这种方法）

2.结合全文（段）进行推断：做推理题时，需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来进行推理判断，从而确定最佳结论。考点：考查议论文类阅读24.【2017·江苏卷】ACHRONOLOGICA—TheUn

believableYearsthatDefinedHistoryDIDYOUKNOW…In105ADpaperwasinventedinChina?WhenColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorld?TheBriti

shMuseumopenedin1759?CHRONOLOGICAisafascinatingjourneythroughtime,fromthefoundationofRometothecreationoftheinternet.Alongthewayaretalesofking

sandqueens,hotairballoons…andmonkeysinspace.Travelthrough100ofthemostunbelievableyearsinworldhistoryandlearnwh

ybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talwaysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhyS

pencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortunaterecord.CHRONOLOGICAisaninformativeandentertainingtourintohistory,beautifullyillustratedandfu

llofunbelievablefacts.WhileCHRONOLOGICAtellsthestoriesoffamouspeopleinhistorysuchasThomasEdisonandAlexandertheGr

eat,thisbookalsogivesabaccountofthelivesoflesser-knownindividualsincludingtheexplorerMungoParkandsculptorGutzonBorgl

um.Thiscompletebutbriefhistoricalcollectioniscertaintoentertainreadersyoungandold,andguaranteedtopre

senteventhebiggesthistoryloverwithsomethingnew!56.WhatisCHRONOLOGICAaccordingtothenext?A.Abiography.B.Atravelguide.C.Ahistorybook.D.Ascien

cefiction.57.HowdoesthewriterrecommendCHRONOLOGICAtoreaders?A.Bygivingdetailsofitscollection.B.Byintroducingsomeofitscontents.C.Byt

ellingstoriesatthebeginning.D.Bycomparingitwithotherbooks.【答案】56.C57.B57.B推理判断题。作者在文中以提问的方式提到很多与历史有关的人物或事件，像“fromthefoundationofRometothec

reationoftheinternet....talesofkingsandqueens,hotairballoons…andmonkeysinspace...whybeingaRomanEmperorwasn’talw

aysasgoodasitsounds,howtheHundredYears’Wardidn’tactuallylastfor100yearsandwhySpencerPercevalholdsaratherunfortu

naterecord”，说明作者是在引用书中的内容；文章没有提及其它书籍，因此不是使用了对比手法。【名师点睛】推断文章出处是高考英语阅读中一个比较常见的考点。主要考查考生能否从内容特点、文体特点、语言风格等判断出所读文章的具体出处。比如，如果所读材料具有较强的时效性或新闻

性，则可能出自新闻报道；如果所读材料侧重历史事实，且措辞严谨，则可能出自历史教科书；如果所读材料中涉及工作要求、工资待遇、联系电话等，则可能出自招聘广告；如果所读材料轻松、休闲，则可能出自旅游杂志或休闲杂志等。第56题属于这一类题目。根

据文章中出现的历史事件不难推断出CHRONOLOGICA是一本历史书。考点：考查信息类短文阅读BBeforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’s

voicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning(胎教),birdscouldruletheroost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdrances,

somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New-bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofe

nteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKieindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleag

ues.FemakeAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheirerrs,whentheerrswe

rehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—aroundthatservedastheirregular“feedme!”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqu

alitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered-backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.First

theycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeg

gingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersa

ndchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred-backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmo

ms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheirerrs,themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedth

atthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthat

effectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.”Asap

arent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed?”Kleindorferasks.”Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”58.Theu

nderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“”.A.betheworstB.bethebestC.betheasbadD.bejustasgood59.WhatareKleindorfer’

sfindingsbasedon?A.Similaritiesbetweenthecallsmomsandchicks.B.TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C.Thedatacol

lectedfromQueensland’slocals.D.Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.60.Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich.A.canrece

ivequalitysignalsB.areinneedoftrainingC.fittheenvironmentbetterD.maketheloudestcall【名师点睛】【答案】58.B59.A60.C59.A细节理解题。根据第二段“FemakeAustraliansuperbfairy

wrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheirerrs”可知，研究发现是对澳大利亚两种会鸟鸣的鸟儿进行了记录，根据第三段“theresearcherssoughtthered-backedf

airywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.”可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段“Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymother

sandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.”可知，A项正确。60.C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“thebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoic

ewererewardedwiththemostfood”和最后一段“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”可知，模仿母鸟模仿得最好的雏鸟得到最多的食

物，研究结果表明，母亲会选择质量好的雏鸟、孩子。【名师点睛】猜测词义题概况词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。一、

题型特点与命题方式：此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测难度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语

篇文脉等理解生词的能力。【命题趋势】【设问形式】Theunderlinedword“…”inthesecond(third…)paragraphrefersto(means)______.Bysayingthat“…”inthefirst(second…)p

aragraph,theauthormeansthat______.Inparagraph…,“…”canbereplacedby“______”.Themeaningof“…”inparagraph…

isrelatedto______.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto…(paragraph…)?Theunderlinedsentenceinthe…paragraphprobablymeansthat_____.解题

思路做这种类型的题目，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。考点：考

查科普说明文阅读25.【2017·江苏卷】CAnewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust(反垄断)regulatorstostepintocheckth

osewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,theresourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants(巨头)thatdealindata,theoilofthedigitalage.The

mostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobe

brokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants’successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesora

quickdelivery,Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree(userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata).Andthea

ppearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasma

dedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertising

better.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompan

ies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasur

esofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.

Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe2

1stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowne

edtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestab

lishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhenanew-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshould

raiseredflags.Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythe

m.Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkinds

ofdata,withusers’consent.RestartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasyButifgovernmentsdon’twantsadataeconomyb

yafewgiants,theymustactsoon.61.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.B.Theycollectenormousprivatedat

a.C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants.62.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagra

ph3indicate?A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive.B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirmsC.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingpositio

n.D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts63.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould.A.killanewthreatB.avoidthesizetrapC.favou

rbiggerfirmsD.chargehigherprices64.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?A.Bigcompaniescouldrelieved

atasecuritypressure.B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.D.Smallcompaniescouldge

tmoreopportunities.【答案】61.A62.C63.B64.D62.C推理判断题。根据第三段“Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea

“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.”可知，互联网公司对数据的掌控使得它们拥有了很大的权力，说明数据会加强大公司的统治地位。63.B

推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomoveformtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whe

nconsideringamerger(兼并),forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextent

offirms’dataassets(资产)whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.”可知，以前介入的标准是看公司的规模，而现在是把数据库的范围考虑在内。64.D推理判断题。根据倒

数第二段“Companiescouldbeforcedtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmanymoneytheymakefromit.Governments...withusers’consent.”可知，

由于大公司垄断数据信息，不利于小公司更好地服务消费者，也不利于政府开展工作。弱化这种垄断将会给小公司带去更多的发展机会。【名师点睛】推理判断题高考英语阅读理解所涉及的考点比较多，比如考查常识理解、细节理解、语义理解、主旨理解、推理判断等。但比较而言，难度最大而且最容易出错的

是推理判断题。因为推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。推理判断题属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态

度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”的想法。考点一考查因果关系的推断因果关系的推断是高考英语推断题中考得比较多的一类。因果关系的推断有时

只涉及一个或几个细节，有时涉及一个或几个段落，有时甚至涉及全文。一般说来，推断因果关系所涉及的内容越多，难度也就越大，同学们越要仔细。考点二考查作者观点的推断推断作者观点也是高考英语阅读中一个比较常见的考点。这类考题的命题特点是

：命题者要求考生根据阅读材料中的某些事实推断出作者所持的观点和态度。同学们在做这类题时，一定要注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子（如有直接引语，也要特别注意），才能推断出作者的弦外之音。此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点

：或是社会的一种普遍倾向，或是与本文无关的观点，或是与作者相反的看法等。考点四考查读者对象的推断推断读者对象的考题在高考中出现得不多，只在部分省、市的考题中偶尔出现。这类考题的特点是：命题者要求先读一篇材料，然后要求考生根据所读材料推断出该材料

的读者对象是什么。同学们做这类题要注意的是，先读懂文章大意，然后比较所给四个选项的人群特点，再寻找其相关点，最后得出一个合情合理的答案。例如第64题。考点五考查隐含意义的推断对隐含意义的推测是阅读理解中难度

较大的一类考点。所谓推断隐含意义，就是要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出合乎情理的推理与判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。对隐含意义的推测属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解，同学们在做这类题目时，一定要严格依据作者所陈述的

细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。例如第72题。考点六考查特定结论的推断简单地说，高考英语对阅读理解的考查主要是两大类：一类是细节理解；一类是推理判断。推理判断

题除前面分析的因果关系的推断、作者观点的推断、作者意图的推断、读者对象的推断、文章出处的推断、隐含意义的推断等之外，还有许多结论性的推断，即要求考生根据所读文章对某种结论作出推断。因这类考题涉及面比较广，出题形式比较灵活，所以一并归入“特定结论的推断”。考点：考查科

普说明文阅读26.【2017·江苏卷】DOldProblem,NewApproachesWhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarningwi

llcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionweretobegindecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclima

te.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportant

tounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisis

whyinpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:“thereisno‘one-sizefitall’adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandc

arrylittleriskorcost.Aroundtheworldpeopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries,Floodsha

vesomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-prof

itorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserverasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequipmentwithsolarpanelsandothercommunic

ationfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连体)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarm

orefundamentallevel:hisstaffpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensfishpondspreventstarvationduringthewetseason.Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsu

rprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries,FllodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MobammedRez

wansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schoods,andhealthclini

cs,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconmetivity(连接

)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopre

ventstarvationduringthewetseason.ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.Chewang.Nophellivesinamoun

tainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Wit

houttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcomefromseeingt

hewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasst

oreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves.Nophelcalcul

atesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorhel’sicereserveswilln

otlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofi

ndothermeansofadapting.IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouse

s(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawhol

eisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypainti

ngbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.InPeni,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtocli

matechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear,Bu

ttheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitsof‘100ideastosavetheplanet”.Moreordinaryformsofadaptationareh

appeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeento

owetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowshimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersin

manycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense,Butsomesuggestio

nsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesi

gnedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonish

ingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Af

terall,ifweadaptintheway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.65.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies.A.a

daptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimeC.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclima

techangeischallenging66.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.B.Differentorgan

izationsworkwitheachother.C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.67.WhatdidtheIceMandot

oreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?A.Storingiceforfutureuse.B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.C.Changingtheirrigationtime.D.Postponingthemeltingof

theglaciers.68.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.B.Theglobalwarmi

ngtreadcannotbestopped.C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.69.Accordingtoth

eauthor,pollutingindustriesshould.A.adapttocarbonpollutionB.planthighlyprofitablecropsC.leavecarbone

missionaloneD.fightagainstcarbonpollution70.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?A.settingupanewstandard.B.Reducingcarbonemission.C.Adap

tingtoclimatechange.D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.【答案】65.A66.C67.A68.D69.D70.B66.C细节理解题。根据第四段“MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisas

ter.”可知，Rezwan会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。67.A细节理解题。根据第五段“Norphel’sinspirationcomefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthe

wastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.”可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。68.D推理判断题。根据倒数第四段“Bypaintingbui

ldingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.”和倒数第三段“paintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivene

sswillrestorethelife-givingice”可知，将墙壁涂成白色是利用了光的反射原理，这样可以缓解气候变暖。69.D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattle

tocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsense”可知，作者不赞成“我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了”这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。70.B推理判断题。根据最后一段“B

utthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.”可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。【名师点睛】词义猜测技巧1、根据定义或

上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子给

予annealing以明确的定义，即“退火”。2、根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：Theytraveledalongway

,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。Weareonthenig

htshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。The“Chunnel”,atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.此句中atun

nelconnectingEnglandandFrance是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。3、根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，

在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractiveand

creativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。Perhaps,wecanseeso

mepossibilitiesfornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断定possibility意思是“可能性”。4、根据因果关系进行猜测在

一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswaspermanent.Sotheplayerc

ouldneverplaythesportagain.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。5、根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以

指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如：LikeSchmid,theeditorsofseveralself-publishe

dartmagazinesalsochampion(捍卫)foundphotographs.Oneofthem,calledsimplyFound,wasbornonesnowynightinChicago,whenDa

vyRothbardreturnedtohiscartofindunderhiswiper(雨刷)anangrynoteintendedforsomeoneelse:“Why’syourcarHEREatHERplace?”them指的是前面出现的self-publi

shedartmagazines。6、根据同义关系进行猜测当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，由此可推知其大致意思。考点：环保类短文阅读27.Whenevertheword“

hero”comestome,IimmediatelythinkofthreeHs:honourable,hard­working,andhappy.WhenIthinkmoreaboutthisword,Ipicturesomeonewhoh

asaccomplishedgoodthingsforpeopleandtriestodotherightthing.HattieElizabethAlexanderisonepersonwhomIfindtobeveryheroic

.HattiewasborninBaltimore,MarylandonApril5,1901.DuringhertimeatCollegesheearnedherBachelor'sDegreeinBacteriologyandPhysio

logy.Thesewerejustthefirststepstowardswhatshewasfinallygoingtoberememberedfor.AftercollegeHattieattendedtheJohnsHopkinsSchoolofMedicineandreceived

hermedicaldegree.Afterhereducation,shepursuedhercareer,andaftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼儿

)dyingfrommeningitis(脑膜炎)．Hattiewasverydedicatedtoherworkandhelpedatasmanylocationsasshecould.Spendingsubstantial(大量的)timeinthelabouratory,Hat

tiesuccessfullydevelopedacureagainstthedisease,whichdecreasedthedeathrateto20percent.Atthesametime,shewasalsoateacherwork

ingwithColumbiaUniversity.Shewasacaringladyinterestedinotherpeople'slives.WhenshewasteachingatColumbiaUniversity,othermemberswouldtalktoheraboutstud

entsthatwerefailingtheirclasses,andsomehowHattiecouldalwaysfindconvincingreasonsastowhytheyshouldnotbedriv

enaway.Later,HattiebecameaninstructorinPediatricsatNewYorkCity'sBabiesHospital.Aftermanyhonours,shebecamet

hefirstwomanpresidentoftheAmericanPediatricSocietyin1965.Thiswasherlastmajorachievement,forsoonafter,HattiediedofcanceronJun

e24,1968.Hattieismyherobecauseherpositiveattitudeandstrengthhelpedheraccomplishgreatthingsforothers.Shegavethemherstrengthb

ydevelopingmedicinesagainstdiseases,which,bydoingso,madethemstronger.ThisiswhatmakesHattieElizabethAlexandermyhero.1.Acco

rdingtothepassage,HattieElizabethAlexander________.A．receivedherBachelor'sDegreeinJohnsHopkinsSchoolB．spentallhertimeinthelabourato

rydevelopingcuresforillnessesC．caredalotaboutothers'privatelivesD．alwaystriedherbesttohelppreventstudentsfromdro

ppingoutofcollege2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“drastically”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Slightly.B．Hardly.C．Greatly.

D．Totally.3.Hattieisconsideredtobeaherobytheauthorinthat________.A．shewasanhonourable,hard­workingandhappypersonB．shewasaverydedicated

womandoctorwithmanyhonoursC．shewasacaringladywhohelpedmanystudentsfinishcollegeD．shewasthefirstwomanpresidentofAPS4.Whichofthefol

lowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A．AnhonourablewomanB．AwomanaccomplishinggreatthingsC．Myhero—HattieElizabethAlexa

nderD．ThefirstwomanpresidentoftheAPS2．C词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“…aftermuchtimeandhardwork,shedrasticallyreducedthenumberofinfants(幼儿)dyingfrommeningitis(

脑膜炎)．”可知应该是大大减少了死于脑膜炎的幼儿的数量。可知C项符合题意。3．A推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“Whenevertheword‘hero’comestome,IimmediatelythinkofthreeHs:honourable,hard­working,andhappy.”

及最后一段的内容可知因为她是一个受人尊敬、勤奋和幸福的人。故选A。4．C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Whenevertheword‘hero’comestome,IimmediatelythinkofthreeHs:h

onourable,hard­working,andhappy.”和最后一段第一句“Hattieismyherobecauseherpositiveattitudeandstrengthhelpedheraccomplishgreatthingsforothers.”可知C项“

Myhero—HattieElizabethAlexander”为最佳标题。28.“Howdoyouexplainthefactthateventhoughyouwerebothblindanddeaf,youwereabletoaccomplish

somuch？”QueenVictoriaofEnglandaskedHelenKeller.MsKelleranswered,“IfithadnotbeenforAnneSullivan,thenameofHelenKellerwouldhaveremainedunknown.”Infac

t,“LittleAnnie”，asshewascalledwhenshewasyoung,wasnostrangertohardship.Shewasalmostsightlessherself(duetoachildhoodfever)andwas,atonetime,diagno

sedashopelessly“insane”andwaslockedinthebasementofamentalinstitution.Onoccasion,LittleAnniewouldevenviolentlyattac

kanyonewhocamenear.Anelderlynursebelievedtherewashope,however,andshemadeithermissiontoshowlovetothech

ild.ShestillcontinuedtovisitforshebelievedLittleAnniecouldrecover,ifshewasshownlove.Eventually,doctorsnoticedachange

inthegirl.Wheretheywitnessedangerandcoldnesstheynotedgentlenessandlove.Theymovedherupstairswhereshecontinuedtoimprove.Thent

hedayfinallycamewhenthisseemingly“hopeless”childwasreleased.AnneSullivangrewintoayoungwomanwithadesireto

helpothersasshe,herself,washelpedbythekindnurse.ItwasshewhosawthegreatpotentialinHelenKeller.Shelovedher,disciplinedher，playedwithherandworkedwithher

untiltheweakcandlebecameabeaconoflighttotheworld.SheworkedwondersinHelen'slife;butitwasalovingnursewhofirstbelievedinLittleAnnieandlovinglytransfor

medanuncommunicativechildintoacompassionateteacher.“IfithadnotbeenforAnneSullivan,thenameofHelenKellerwouldhaveremainedunkn

own.”Butifithadnotbeenforakindanddedicatednurse,thenameofAnneSullivanwouldhaveremainedunknown.Andsoitgoes.Andhowfarforw

ardwillitlead?1.Whenshewasyoung,LittleAnnie________．A．enjoyedbeinglockedinthebasementofamentalinstitutionB．complainedaboutherlonelinessC．showedhe

rfriendlyattitudetoothersD．sufferedfrommentalillness2.Whydidthe“hopeless”LittleAnniechangeintoahelpfulone?A．Beca

useanefficientwaywasfoundbydoctorstocureherillness.B．Becauseanursewhowasconcernedaboutherhelpedherconstantly.

C．Becauseshewastakengoodcareofbyherrelative.D．Becausetheillnesswasdefeatedbyherownstrongwill.3.HowdidAnneSullivanhelpHelenKeller?A．

ShedevotedallhertimetodealingwitheverythingforHelenKeller.B．ShepromisedHelenKellernevertoleaveher.C．ShetrainedHelenKellertocontrolherbehaviour.D．Sh

eencouragedHelenKellertomakefriendswithothers.4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AcaringnurseB．ChainofloveC．Withoutrespect,

withoutsuccessD．Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。年幼的AnneSullivan生活艰辛、身体多病，但是在医生、护士的帮助之下，

她成了一名充满爱心、乐于助人的老师。1．D细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，AnneSullivan年少时生活艰辛，并饱受疾病折磨，因此答案为D，其他选项的内容均和原文表达不符。2．B细节理解题。根据第四段和第五段可知，一位年长的护士帮助了年幼的AnneSullivan。她用爱和关怀

把曾经冷漠的孩子改变成了一位充满爱心、乐于助人的老师。故选B。29.WhenPaulaGrzelak­Schultzspottedapieceofpapertuckedunderherwindshield(挡风玻璃)wipers,shethoughtshewasgetting

finedforleavinghercarinabarparkinglotovernight.Withaheavysigh,Grzelak­Schultzremovedthepaperandunlockedhercar.Hardlyhadsheu

nfoldedthepaperwhenshegotshocked.ItwasaletterfromthemanagerofOriginalJoe'sRestaurant&BarinSherwoodPark,Canada.“Justwant

edtothankyouforleavingyourcarparkedovernight，”JayMcLean,managingpartneratOriginalJoe's,wrote.“I'mnotsureifyouhadconsumedalcoholatourrestauranto

rnot,butwewantedtothankyoufornotdrinkinganddriving.”Insideit,Grzelak­Schultzalsofoundavoucher(代金券)for1poundofchickenwings.“Pleaseacceptthisasath

ankyouforbeingresponsible，”McLeanwrote.“Lifeisvaluable,haveagreatweekend.”Grzelak­Schultzwastouched.“Iwassureitwasgoingtobeaticketo

rascoldingfromsomeoneforleavingmyvehiclethereforsolong，”Grzelak­SchultztoldCBSNews.“Iwastrulysurprisedandsopleasedth

atthemanagertookthetimetoacknowledgemygoodjudgement.”Shedecidedtosharetheman'sgooddeedonFacebook.“Wow!I'msoimpre

ssed.Definitelygoingback，”Grzelak­SchultzwroteinaFacebookpostonTuesdaythathassincegonewidespreadwithnearly8，500share

s.“Notjustbecauseofthevoucher,butalsobecauseofhowwellthisguytreatshisregularcustomers.”Exactlyaweeklater,Grzelak

­SchultzreturnedtotherestauranttothankMcLeanforhiskindness,anddiscoveredthatshe'snottheonlycustomertoreceivethisletter.“He'

sbeendoingitforoverayear,withnoexpectations.”Sheexplained.“Justbeingagoodguy.”1.Atfirstsightofthepaper,Paulathoughtitwas________.A．aticketB．avoucherC

．aletterD．athank­youcard2.WhattrulysurprisedGrzelak­Schultz?A．Shewasnotfinedbythepolice.B．Shewasnotscoldedforparking.C．Shewasconsid

eredasresponsible.D．Shegotavoucherforchickenwings.3.WhatcanwelearnaboutJayMcLean?A．Hesimplymeanttobegood.B．Hehopedtoattractmorecustomers.C．Hewan

tedtobepopularontheInternet.D．Heintendedtopleaseregularcustomers.4.WhichcanbestdescribethechangeofPaula's

feelings?A．sad—excited—surprised—relievedB．sad—surprised—pleased—impressedC．surprised—sad—disappointed—pleasedD．di

sappointed—surprised—excited—delighted【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了OriginalJoe'sRestaurant&Bar的经理给在自己店停车场停车的客人写感谢信，感

谢他们没有酒后驾车。其中一位客人Paula很是感动，并在Facebook上发文了。1．A细节理解题。根据文章第七段“‘Iwassureitwasgoingtobeaticketorascoldingfromsomeoneforle

avingmyvehiclethereforsolong’…”可知Paula认为它要么是罚单，要么是责骂信，故选A。2．C推理判断题。根据第七段“‘Iwastrulysurprisedandsopleasedthatthemanagertookt

hetimetoacknowledgemygoodjudgement.’”可知作者吃惊是因为别人认可了她良好的判断，认为她是有责任心的人，故选C。30.Inmyprofessionasaneducatorandhealthcareprovider,Ih

aveworkedwithnumerouschildreninfectedwiththevirusthatcausesAIDS.TherelationshipsthatIhavehadwiththesespecialki

dshavebeengiftsinmylife.Theyhavetaughtmesomanythings,butIhaveespeciallylearnedthatgreatcouragecanbefo

undinthesmallestofpackages.TylerwasborninfectedwithHIVandfromtheverybeginningofhislife,hewasdependentonmedicationstosurvive.Whenhewasfive,h

ehadatubesurgicallyinsertedinaveininhischest.Thistubewasconnectedtoapump,whichhecarriedinasmallbackpackonhisback.Medicati

onswerepreparedinsidethispumpandwerecontinuouslysuppliedthroughthistubetohisbloodstream.Attimes,healsoneededsupplemented(

补充的)oxygentosupporthisbreathing.Tylerwasn'twillingtogiveuponesinglemomentofhischildhoodtothisdeadlydisease.Itwasnotu

nusualtofindhimplayingandracingaroundhisbackyard,wearinghismedicine­ladenbackpackanddragginghistankofoxygenbehindhim.Tyler

'smumoftenteasedhimbytellinghimthathemovedsofastthatsheneededtodresshiminred.Thatway,whenshepeeredthroughthewindowtocheckonhimpl

ayingintheyard,shecouldquicklyspothim.ThisfatefuldiseaseeventuallyworedownTyler.Hegrewquiteilland,unfortunately,sodidhisHIV­

infectedmother.Whenitbecameapparentthathewasn'tgoingtosurvive,Tyler'smumtalkedtohimaboutdeath.Shecomf

ortedhimbytellingTylerthatshewasdyingtoo,andthatshewouldbewithhimsooninheaven.Afewdaysbeforehisdeath,hewhisperedtome,“Imightdiesoon.I'mn

otscared.WhenIdie,pleasedressmeinred.Mumpromisedshe'scomingtoheaven,too.I'llbeplayingwhenshegetsthere,and

Iwanttomakesureshecanfindme.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutthetubeinsertedinTyler'schest?A．ItcontainedoxygenthathelpedTylerbreathefreely.B．Medicationsinthep

umpcouldbesuppliedthroughit.C．ItwasfilledwithmedicationsthatTylerneeded.D．Itshouldbereplacedbyanewoneafterayear.2.Ty

ler'smumdressedhiminredinorderto________．A．stresstheimportanceofthecolourB．findhimasquicklyaspossibleC．meetthedemandofhimD．encourag

ehimtoplayandracehappilyoutdoors3.Tyler'smumhelpedhimfacethedeathinthefollowingwaysEXCEPTthat________．A．shesaidtohimthatitwould

notlongbeforeshediedB．shepromisedtomeethiminheavensoonC．shehadafranktalkwithhimaboutdeathD．shegavehimamedicine­loadedpack

age4.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A．GiftsinmylifeB．AfatefuldiseaseC．DyinginredD．Nomoretearsinheaven2．B细节理解题。根据第三段的第三、四句可知，

妈妈让孩子穿上红色衣服的目的是可以尽快发现他。因此答案为B。3．D细节理解题。根据第四段的第三、四句内容可知，妈妈帮助孩子面对死亡时并没有给孩子装药的包裹，而是安慰他要坦然面对死亡。因此答案为D。4．C主旨大意题。本文讲述了自出

生就感染艾滋病毒的小男孩Tyler一直依靠药物生存，妈妈用自己的方式关心、照料孩子，并教会他坦然面对死亡的故事。在Tyler生命的最后时刻，他让“我”一定为他穿上红色衣服，以便死后可以在天堂和母亲重聚。由此可知C项既可以概括全文，又升华主题。31.Acouple

ofyearsagoIgraduatedfromartschool.AftergraduationIwasunsureofwhattodowithmydegree.IhadmajoredinIllustration(插图)andlovedit,butdidn'treallyfeelinterest

edindoingillustrationsforanycompanies.Thisleftmewithfewoptionsotherthanfreelance(自由职业的)jobsandnannying(保姆工作)

．Ispenttwoyearsworkingasanannydoingfreelanceillustrationontheside.Itjustwasn'tquiteenoughtopayrent,butIlovedit,soIwork

edwellover50hoursaweek,tryingtokeepupwithboth.JustunderayearagoIwenttoafriend'swedding.Icouldn'tthin

kofagiftforthemandreallydidn'thavealotofmoneytosparesoIusedmytalentstocreateaportraitforthem.Itwasn'tmuch,andIhopeditwouldbeagoodgift.Whe

nIhandedtheportraittothemandtheyunwrappedit,thelooksontheirfacesweresomethingIdidnotexpect.Therewerejoyfultears

intheireyesastheycried,“That'sus!Thisissobeautiful！”It'sfunnybecausewhenIwasinartschoolportraitswerealwaysmyleastfa

vouriteassignment.Ihateddrawingpeopleandwasalwayssomuchmoreinterestedindrawinglittlefurrycreatures.OnceIsawthelooksonmyfriends'

facesaftergivingthemtheirportraititwasallover.Isuddenlylovedportraitsandwantedtodomore.InowtakeportraitstoeveryweddingIgotoand

havegiventhemasgiftstothefamiliesInanniedfor.EverytimethereactionmakesallofthehardworkandtimeIputintothemsoworthi

t.I'vejuststartedofferingcouple,familyandpetportraitsasanitemonmyEtsyshop.1.Aftergraduation,theauthorchoseto________．A．doillustrationsforacompanyB

．drawportraitsC．workasananny&afreelanceD．drawfurrycreatures2.Whydidtheauthordecidetodrawaportraitforherfriend

sasaweddingpresent?A．Herfriendsrequestedhertodoso.B．Shethoughtitwasmeaningful.C．Shehadn'tenoughmoneyavailabletobuygoodgifts.D．Shewasfon

dofdrawingpeople.3.Howdidthefriendsfeelwhentheyreceivedtheirportrait?A．Delighted.B．Frightened.C．Embarrassed.D．Shocked.4

.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A．YourmajorisyourfuturecareerB．IgaveagiftanditturnedintoacareerC．IsacrificedalotformyjobD．Youaretodowh

atyoudesiretodo【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者没钱为朋友买结婚礼物，于是为他们画了一幅肖像作为礼物，结果却成了自己的一份事业。1．C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Thisleftmewithfewoptionsothertha

nfreelance(自由职业的)jobsandnannying(保姆工作).”和第二段第一句“Ispenttwoyearsworkingasanannydoingfreelanceillustrationontheside.”可知作者毕业之后选择

了做保姆和自由职业者。故选C。2．C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Icouldn'tthinkofagiftforthemandreallydidn'thavealotofmoneytosparesoIusedmytalentstocreateaportraitforth

em.”可知她没有足够的钱为朋友买礼物。故选C。3．A细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“WhenIhandedtheportraittothemandtheyunwrappedit,thelooksontheirfacesweresomethingIdidnotexpect.Therewerejo

yfultearsintheireyesastheycried,‘That'sus!Thisissobeautiful！’”可知朋友们收到他们的肖像时感到很高兴。故选A。32.Anearlymorningwinterstormhadbrough

tseveralinchesofsnowtomysmalltowninthemountains.Schoolswerecanceled,roadsweredangerousandallIwantedtodowastostayinbed.Still，IknewI

hadtogetthedaystartedsoIputonwarmclothesandwalkedoutside.Thesnowgotallovermyshoes.Thecoldwinddriedmylipsandmyeyes.My47­year­oldb

ackachedinanticipation(预想)oftheshoveling_(铲雪)Iwouldhavetodoifthesnowdidn'tstopsoon.Yet,whenIlookedoutonthewhiteblanketthatcoveredtheground,

Icouldn'thelpbutsmileabit.Itwassobeautiful.Itsoftenedthebaretreesandhidthedeadgrass.InthedistanceIcouldhearthesoundofthesnowplow(雪犁)ontheroad

,thebarkingofahappydogandthelaughterofchildrenplayingoutside,enjoyingtheirwayofffromschool.Thesweetmusicofthatlaughterbroughtbackahundredmemoriesofw

interspast.Irememberedcatchingsnowflakes(雪花)onmytongue,buildingsnowmen,makingsnowangles,runningdownhillsandalwayslosingsnowballfi

ghtswithfirstmybrothersandthenmyownchildren.Standingthereinthatwarmcoatofmemoriesmadethewindalittlelesscoldandmybackalittlelesssore(疼痛的)．Itu

rnedupmyhead,stuckoutmytongueandforthefirsttimeinyearscaughtasnowflakeonit.Ittastedsofreshandclean.It

tastedlikeyouth,likejoyandlikelove.Mayyoualwaysfeelyounginspirit,nomatterhowoldorachyyourbodymaybe.Mayyoualwaysdelightinthesi

mplejoysoflife.Mayyoualwaysshareyourhappinesswiththeheartsofchildren.Andmayyoualwaysgiveyourlove,yourlight,

yourlaughterandyourwarmthtoothersevenonthecoldestdays.1.Whatwastheauthor'sfirstreactionwhenheknewitsnowedheavily?A．Hewasupset.B．Hewashappy.C．Hew

asthankful.D．Hewasmoved.2．Fromwhichsensesdidtheauthordescribethejoyofhavingsnow?A．Tasteandsmell.B．Sightandsmell.C．Smell,he

aringandtaste.D．Sight,hearingandtaste.3.Whatdoestheauthormainlywanttotelluswiththisarticle?A．Appreciateeverysnowstormyouspendwithyourfami

ly.B．Snowbringsbothfunandtrouble.C．Memoriescanchangeouropinion.D．Weshouldstayyoungatheart.4．FromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraphl,wecanknowthat“___

_____”．A．mybackachedbecauseofthecoldweatherB．Ididn'twanttostartmydayonsuchasnowydayC．mybackwouldacheuponthinkingofcleaningupthesnowD．thes

nowdidn'tstopandIfelttoocold【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述自己在大雪后外出看到的雪景以及孩子们雪中玩闹的场景，文章最后表达了一些祝福。2．D推理判断题。根据第二段“…whenIlookedoutonthewhiteblanketthatcovere

dtheground,Icouldn'thelpbutsmileabit.”以及“InthedistanceIcouldhearthesoundofthesnowplow(雪犁)ontheroad…”以及第三段“Irememberedcatchin

gsnowflakes(雪花)onmytongue…”可知作者主要是从视觉上、听觉上以及味觉上三方面体会到下雪的快乐，故选D。3．D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mayyoualwaysfeelyounginspirit,nomatterhowol

dorachyyourbodymaybe.Mayyoualwaysdelightinthesimplejoysoflife.”可知答案为D。4．C句意猜测题。根据此句的本意：我一想到如果雪不停我就得铲雪，我背部就疼。可

知只有C项意思最为相近，故选C。33.TwoyearsagoIfelloffthestepsofabuswhileclimbingdownandtwistedmyankle.Whatfollowedwastheusualwaythatisc

ommonintheUS.AfewhourslaterIwastreatedanddischarged.WhatwasuncommonwasthatIreceivedextracarewhilegoingtoER(emergencyroom)andwhileIwasin

thehospital.Peoplewerekindtome,menandwomenalike.Theywheeledmeintoaprivateroominsteadofmakingmewaitinthecrowdedwaitingroom.Someonecameandaskedmeifth

etemperatureisOK.WhenIsaidIwascold,hebroughtmeablanketandsomemagazines,incaseIgotbored.Thenursesstoppedby,mak

ingpleasantchatswithme.PeoplealwayscametoaskmeifIwasintoomuchpainandifIneededanything…TherewereotherpeoplewhowerebroughtinwhileIwaswaiting.P

atientsgroaninginpainweregiventhecaretheyneededandthenignored.Myinjurywasnotthepriority,sowhileIwasno

tpushedtothefrontoftheline,myseveralhours'stayinthehospitalwasmadeaspleasantaspossible.Whywouldpeopledothat?Theygaveotherscare,w

hileIgotkindness.Likeanyothergoodlooking,healthy,independentperson,manorwoman，itlooksasiftheworldisnicertorichpeople,andtheworldisnicertoattra

ctivepeople.I'mnotinthedatingworld.It'snotaboutfreedrinksandgifts.It'saboutpeoplebeingnice.I'mgratefulforanypositivebehaviourbecauseIknowth

isistemporary.EventuallyIwilljointhegroupsoftheelderly,theweakandtheseeminglyunattractive.OnethingIrefusetodoistomakeexcusesforbeingattractive.Iknow

it'stemporary.Iknowit'stheluckofthedrawandIknowthatI'mjustoneofthemany.Doesitmattertomyhusband,mymotherandmykidswhatIlooklik

e?No.AndIwouldn'thaveitanyotherway.1.Whatcausedtheauthorintodeepthought?A．Shewasgivenlesscareinthehospital.B．Patientswereonlygivenphysicalcareint

hehospital.C．Shedidn'tgettreatmentimmediatelyinthehospital.D．Otherpatientsinthehospitaldidn'tgetthesamekindnessasher.2.Whatcanweknowabouttheauth

or?A．Sheisanattractivelady.B．Sheshowsgreatpitytooldpatients.C．Shedoesn'tlikefreedrinksorgifts.D．Shewastreatedunequallyintheh

ospital.3.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthoragreewith?A．Thehospitalshouldtreatattractivepatientsinpreferencetoothers.B．Thepositiv

ebehaviourthatbeingattractivebringscanlastlong.C．Oldpatientsshouldgetmuchmorecarefromthehospital.D．Beingattractivemeansnothingtothepeopletrulyimpo

rtanttoyou.2．A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“…itlooksasiftheworldisnicertorichpeople,andtheworldisnicertoattractivepeople.”再结

合前文的描述可知作者长得好看，选A。3．D推理判断题。根据最后一段的描述，并结合最后三句“Doesitmattertomyhusband,mymotherandmykidswhatIlooklike?No.AndIw

ouldn'thaveitanyotherway.”可知作者认为长得好看对重要的人来说没有任何意义。选D。34.MarvinMinskyisoftencalledtheFatherofArtificialIntelligence.Hisworkhelpedinspirethecreatio

nofthepersonalcomputerandtheInternet.ArtificialIntelligenceBeforeMinsky,computersweremorelikecalculators,

performingmathsoperationsatspeedsmuchfasterthanhumans.Minskywasthefirsttosaythatcomputerscanonedaybeasintelligentashumanbeings.Hewassoconvincedaboutt

his,thatin1919,heandhisfriendJohnMcCarthyinventedtheterm“ArtificialIntelligence”attheMassachusettsInstituteofTechno

logy.MinskywroteabookcalledPerceptrons,describingaparticulartypeof“artificialneural(神经的)network”．NeuralnetworkshavemadeacomebackinanewfieldofCompu

terSciencecalledDeepLearning.DeepLearningisusedtorecognizethingsandpeopleinpictures(asseeninFacebookandGooglePhotos),

languagetranslation(tryGoogleTranslatesometimes),andsoon.Robotics,MicroscopesandVirtualRealityHowmanyofyouhavedoneRobotic

satschoolandlovedit?YouhaveMinskytothankagain,forhisworkonRobotics.Oneofhisbiggestinventionswastheconfocalscanningmicroscope,aninstru

mentthatisstillwidelyusedtodayinmedicalandscientificresearch.Minskywasreallyfuturistic.Hecreatedoneofthefirsthead­mountedgraphics

displays(头戴式图形显示),whichgaverisetotheexcitingareaofVirtualReality.Thisyear,FacebookisreleasingOculus,avirtualrealityheadset

,whichyoucanusetoplaygameswithyourfriendsina3­Denvironment.Minsky'smajorpredictionthatcomputerswilloneday

becomeasintelligentashumansisnowcalledtheTheoryofSingularity.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Minskyhimsel

finventedtheterm“ArtificialIntelligence”inMIT.B．Minskytransformedcomputerintoamachinemoreintelligenttha

nhumanbeings.C．ApartfromInformationTechnology,Minsky'sinventionisalsousedinmedicalfield.D．Minskyinventedaheadset,withwhichplaye

rscanplaygamesina3­Denvironment.2.WhichisNOTthefunctionofDeepLearning?A．RecognizepeopleinFacebook.B．SpotitemsinGooglePhotos.C．Summarizemain

ideaofapassage.D．TranslateEnglishintoFrench.3.WhichisNOToneofMinsky'scharacteristicsaccordingtothepassage?A．Far­sighted.B．Cr

eative.C．Pioneering.D．Considerate.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanyoureadthispassage?A．Technology.B．Travel.C．Environment.D．Life.2．C细

节理解题。根据文章第三段的“DeepLearningisusedtorecognizethingsandpeopleinpictures(asseeninFacebookandGooglePhotos),lan

guagetranslation(tryGoogleTranslatesometimes),andsoon.”可知，DeepLearning包括A、B、D，不包括总结文章的大意。故选C。3．D推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Hisworkhelp

edinspirethecreationofthepersonalcomputerandtheInternet.”可知，Minsky是有创造力的；根据第二段的“Minskywasthefirsttosaythatcomputersc

anonedaybeasintelligentashumanbeings.”可知，Minsky是有远见和开创性的。文章没有提到Minsky是考虑周到的。故选D。4．A推理判断题。文章介绍了被称为“人工智能之父”的马文·明斯基

(MarvinMinsky)在信息科技方面做出的贡献，所以本文出自报纸的科技版面，故选A。35.Inashockingupset,70­year­oldRepublicancandidateDonaldTrumprodeawavetovictoryasvoterselecte

dhimthe5thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Actually，alotofexpertshadpredictedthatDemocraticcandidateHillaryClintonwouldco

meoutontop.Throughoutthecampaign，oneofTrump'smainchallengeswastopersuadevotersthathehastheattitude，knowledgean

djudgmenttobepresident.Intheend，hewasabletoattractmorethanenoughvoterstohisside.HillaryClintonadmittedtheelectiontoTru

mpinaphonecallataround2：30am.“Hillaryhasworkedverylongandveryhardoveralongperiodoftime，”Trumptoldhissupportersduringhisvictoryspeech.

“Weoweheramajordebtofgratitudeforherservicetoourcountry.”HillaryClintondeliveredherspeechlaterintheday.“Wemustacceptthisresultandthenlooktothefu

ture，”shetoldherdisappointedsupporters.“DonaldTrumpisgoingtobeourpresident.Weowehimanopenmindandthechancetolead.”T

rump'srisetothepresidencycomesafteralongcareerasareal­estatedeveloper.Hebuiltskyscrapers，resortsandgolfcour

ses.Healsoriskedotherbusinesses,includingTrumpSteaks，TrumpNaturalSpringWater，andanairlinecalledTrumpShuttle.In2004,hebecameaTVstar

withtherealityshowTheApprentice.NowTrumpandhisteamwillhavetofacemanydifficultthings.They'llhavetoworktobringthecountrytogetherafteradivisi

vecampaignthatupsetmillionsofAmericans.Throughoutthecountry，millionsofAmericansareoutofworkandstrugglingtomakeendsmeet.

Thenewpresidentmustalsoaddressinternationalissues.Theyincludethewaronterrorismandtherefugeecrisis.Still,Tr

umpsaysheseesabrightfutureahead.“EverysingleAmericanwillhavetheopportunitytorealizehisorherfullestpotential，”hetoldhissupporters.1.Whats

houldmanyexpertsthinkofTrump'svictory?A．Itisexpected.B．Itissatisfying.C．Itisannoying.D．Itissurprising.2.HowoldwasDonaldTrumpwhenhebecame

aTVstar?A．10yearsold.B．14yearsold.C．58yearsold.D．62yearsold.3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDonaldTrumpfromthepassage?A．Heisasucc

essfulbusinessman.B．Hehasbeenservingingovernment.C．HethoughtbadlyofHillaryClinton.D．HeisworriedaboutAmerica.4.

Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．TheproblemswithAmerica.B．ThechallengesTrumpwillface.C．Trump'sideasabouthis

futurework.D．ThedecisionsTrumpwillhavetomake.【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了最新当选的美国总统特朗普获胜的过程及人生经历和将要面临的各种新挑战。1．D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Actually,alotofexperts

hadpredictedthatDemocraticcandidateHillaryClintonwouldcomeoutontop.”(实际上，很多专家曾预言，民主党总统候选人希拉里·克林顿将是胜出者)可推知，特朗普(DonaldTrump)

获胜是令人惊讶的。故选D。2．C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Inashockingupset，70­year­oldRepublicancandidateDonaldTrump…”可推知，特朗普出生于19

46年；再根据倒数第二段中的“In2004,hebecameaTVstarwiththerealityshowTheApprentice.”可推算出，特朗普成为电视明星时是58岁。故选C。36.Thefollowinglistincludessomeboo

ksthatcomehighlyrecommendedbymillionsofreadersandalsoashortsummaryofthehighlightsofeachwork.TheGo­Giver,byBobBurgandJohnDavidMannIdidn'tevenexpect

thatsuchashortbookcouldmakeahugedifferenceinmywaytowardslife.Itsimplyexplainscomplexlawsthatdirectmankind,andconcludesthatthereisalwaystru

thintheopposite.DaoDeJing,byLaoziDaoDeJingisoneofthefinestbooksonphilosophywrittenbyLaozi,anancientChinesephilosopher

andpoet.Itissincere,excitingandmakesyouthinkalot.Readitandgetintouchwiththecleareducativeunderstandingsthat

giveyouenoughtipstopursueyourlifegoalfullofpassion.TheScienceofGettingRich,byWallaceD．WattlesIhadmyownmisunderstandingsofgettingrichtillIreadthi

sbook.ThebookmadeahugedifferencetomylifeafterIdiscoveredthesecretsmentioned.Readitanditteachesyouhowtobecomerich,notimmediately,butstepbystep.ThePow

erofHabit,byCharlesDuhiggIneverknewhabitsplayedsuchanimportantroleinshapingourfutureuntilIreadthisbook.Itsays,youarewhatyourhabitsare,

andalsosuggeststheproventechniquestocreatenewhabitsthatchangeourlifestylesandeventuallyourlives,Itisamust­readfo

reveryonewhowishestoformlifetimehabits.TheRoadLessTravelled,byScottPeckSimplyput,buythisbookforthepathtowardsunderstandinginaspir

itualwaythatstrengthensyourpersonalgrowth.Thisbooknevergivesyoueasysolutionstothechallengesoflife.Itsimplyispartoflifeandlea

vesyouwithbetterunderstandingtoleadafulfilledlife.1.Whichbookcanhelpyouchaseyourdreampassionately?A．DaoDeJing.B．TheGo­Giver.C．TheRoadLes

sTravelled.D．TheScienceofGettingRich.2.Whocantellyouthesecretsofbecomingrich?A．Laozi.B．ScottPeck.C．Ch

arlesDuhigg.D．Wallace.D．Wattles.3.WhichofthefollowingideasmayScottPeckagreewith?A．Habitscanshapeourfuture.B．Thereisalwaystruthintheopposite.C．Diffic

ultyisoftenpartofpersonalgrowth.D．Weshouldfindeasysolutionstochallenges.4.Whatcanweknowaboutthebooksmentionedabove?A．Theyarealle

asilywritten.B．Theyareallpopularbooks.C．Alltheirwritersareforeigners.D．Allthebooksareaboutlifegoals.【文章大意】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章主要介绍了一些成千上万的读者推荐的非常受欢迎的书籍。2．D

细节理解题。根据文中TheScienceofGettingRich,byWallaceD.Wattles所在段落的“Readitanditteachesyouhowtobecomerich…”可知WallaceD．Wattles写的这本书能帮

助你变得富有。故选D。3．C细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisbooknevergivesyoueasysolutionstothechallengesoflife.Itsimplyispartofl

ifeandleavesyouwithbetterunderstandingtoleadafulfilledlife.”可知C项“困难只是成长的一部分”符合题意，故答案为C。4．B推理判断题。根据文章第一段的描述

“Thefollowinglistincludessomebooksthatcomehighlyrecommendedbymillionsofreadersandalsoashortsummaryofthehighlightsofeachwork.”可知这些

书有那么多的读者推荐，故很受欢迎。故选B。37.Don'thaveplentyoftimeforreading?Ifyouareinterestedinnon­fictionbooks,herearegoodchoicesforyou.ARoo

mofOne'sOwnThisessaybyEnglishwriterVirginiaWoolfisbasedonseverallecturesgivenintwowoman'scollegesatCambridgeUniversityin19

28.Init,Woolfdescribesthatit'scircumstancenottalentthatallowsmentobemoresuccessfulatwriting.Women,inotherwords,spendsomuc

htimecooking,cleaning,andtendingtotheirchildrenthattheyhavenotimeleftforart.Towritewell,therefore,awomanmusthavearoomof

herown.Whileonitssurface，thisessayappearstobeonlyaboutwriting,itisactuallyaboutwealthandclass，freedomandimprisonment,a

ndthepowerstrugglebetweensexes.TheArtofWarWrittenbytheChinesewarriorSunziinthe5thcenturyBC,TheArtofWariswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthebe

stbooksaboutmilitarystrategyinhumanhistory.Consistingof13chapters,eachdetailingaseparateaspectofwarfare,thebookhasbeentranslatedi

ntoeverymajorlanguageandhasthousandsofeditions.Forcenturies,ithasbeencited(引用)andpraisedbyworldleadersbothforitsdetailedstu

dyofmilitarystrategy(军事策略)anditsphilosophical(哲学的)examinationofstrong,effectiveleadership.LettertoMyDaughterThis2009

bookofessaysandpoemsbyMayaAngelou，arespectableAmericanpoet,iswrittenforthedaughtersheneverhad—themillionsofwomen,bot

hyoungandold，thatsheconsiderstobeher“family”．Fromtheviewpointofacaring,olderrelative,thisbookcontainslessonsselectedfromherownlifeexperiences,in

cludingthebirthofheronlychild,ason,aswellastheformationandlossoffriendships.ABriefHistoryofTimeIfyou'reshortontime，then

whynotreadabout，well，thecreationoftime?This1988bookfrombrilliantscientistandmathematicianStephenHawkingexploresmi

nd­bendingquestionsaboutthecreationoftheuniverse,includingifandwhenitwillend,andifso,how.Despiteheavysubject

matters，Hawkingaddressesthesequestionsinawaythat'seasytounderstandevenforthosewhoknowlittleaboutphysics.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecontentsoftheboo

ks?A．ARoomofOne'sOwnisaboutmorethanwriting.B．TheArtofWaralsogivesdefinitionofphilosophy.C．LettertoMyDaughterisactuallya

commonfamilyletter.D．ABriefHistoryofTimemainlyfocusesonthemysteryoftime.2.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A

．Woolflooksdownuponmeninwriting.B．ThebookbySunziishelpfulinpolicy­making.C．Mayadevotesherselftofightingforwomen

'srights.D．Asaphysicist,Hawkingisequallyfamousinwriting.3.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Topromotethefourbooks.B．Tomak

ecommentsonthefourbooks.C．Torecommendthefourbookstoreaders.D．Tomakecomparisonsbetweenthefourbooks.【文章大意】本文是一篇应

用文。作者向读者推荐了四本书。1．A推理判断题。根据ARoomofOne'sOwn下最后一句“Whileonitssurface,thisessayappearstobeonlyaboutwriting,itisactually

aboutwealthandclass,freedomandimprisonment,andthepowerstrugglebetweensexes.”可知ARoomofOne'sOwn并不只是关于写作，它有更深的含义。故选A。38.EveryyearinAmeric

a,high­schoolstudentswhowanttogotocollegetakeanationalexaminationcalledtheScholasticAptitudeTest,orSATinashortenedway.Theirscoreis

animportantfactorindeterminingwhichcollegeswilladmitthemorwhetheranywillbeadmittedatall.TheScholasticAptitudeTestmeas

uresone'smathematicalabilityanduseoftheEnglishlanguage.Traditionally,theEnglishpartinvolvedgrammaticalquestionsandparagraphsthattestreadin

gcomprehension.ButtheSATfolkshaveaddedasinglequestion,tobeansweredinanessay,hand­writtenonthespot.That'saninterestingwaytotestw

ritingability,butcontentaside,haveyoueverseenyoungpeople'shandwritinglately?Oranyone'sforthatmatter,inthisageofcomputerkeyboards?Student

swritenumbersandsigntheirnamesonbankchecks.Theyscribbleclassnotesinwhatcangenerouslybedescribedasthewrittenword.Yettoday'skidsareas

kedtowrite,thoughtfullyandclearly,forseveralminutesonthisSATTest.Goodlucktothetextscorerswhomustworkoutdifficultlythesc

rawl(潦草的字迹)ofyoungpeoplewho'vebeentypingoncomputerssincetheageofthree!Teachersinsistthatgoodhandwritingcannotonlyhelpone'sscoreontheSAT,but

also,lateroninlife,impresspotentialemployers.Anddon'tforget,weallhavetoturntohandwritingfromtimetotime,ascomputersgodo

wnwhenpowergoesout.Thenhowtoimprovethehandwriting?Well,withafewsimplestepsyoucanimproveyourhandwriting.Positionthepen.Youshouldholdth

epenbetweentheforefingerandthethumb,thenrestitnearthefirstknuckle(指节)ofthemiddlefinger.Therestofyourfingersshouldbecurled(卷曲)underyourhandandyourha

ndshouldremainrelaxed.Evaluateyourwriting.Makechangestoyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.Takeyourtime.Speedisboundtomakeyourwritingmessy­l

ooking.Practise.Practiseitalot;it'snotenoughtodoitonceandhopeforthebest.Ithastobesomethingyouworkattomakegreatimprovements.1.Theunderli

nedword“scribble”inParagraph2probablymeans“________”．A．writequicklyandroughlyB．typesimplyandcorrectlyC．paintclearlyandneatlyD．describeproper

lyandwell2.AccordingtoParagraph3,studentswithgoodhandwritingskill________．A．canpasstheSATB．candevelopgoodc

haractersC．canimpresstheirclassmatesD．cangetmorejobopportunities3.Whichofthefollowingshouldyouavoidwh

enimprovingyourhandwriting?A．Practisingwritingalot.B．Writingasfastasyoucan.C．Relaxingyourhandwhenholdingthepen

.D．Changingyourletterstillyoulikehowtheylook.4.Thetextistopresentthefactthat________．A．writingseemstobeveryimportantintheSATB．thosewhowil

lgotocollegehavetotaketheSATC．studentsshouldpractisehandwritingmoreoftenD．kidsdon'tknowhowtowriteinthecomput

erage【文章大意】本文是一篇论说文。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达引出话题。当前学生不注重书写，此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯。3．B细节理解题。根据最后三段的首句Evaluateyourwriting；Takeyourtime；Prac

tise.可知没有提到B项，这是写作中应该避免的。故选B。4．C推理判断题。文章由SAT考试增加书面表达引出话题，指出当前学生不重视书写，而此项改革旨在让学生改掉书写潦草的坏习惯，故选C。39.Haveyoueverwonderedthatwe

parentsarethetruefightersinthecollege­admissionwars?Wearepushingourkidstogetgoodgrades,takeSATpreparatorycoursesandbuildrésuméssotheycangetinto

thecollegeofourfirstchoice.Inoureyes,adegreefromStanfordorPrincetonistheticketforlife.Weseeourkids'collegebackgroundassomethingshowinghowwellorhowpoo

rlywe'veraisedthem.Butwedon'trealizeweareselfish.Wethinkmoreaboutourselvesthanthekids.It'struegettingintocol

legehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.Wesuffergreatanxiety;weworrytherewon'

tbeenoughhonourstoshowoff.Fearfulparentsurgetheirchildrentoapplytomoreschoolsthanever.Weholdthebeliefthatgraduatesof

bestuniversitiesmustenjoymoresuccessbecausetheygetabettereducation.Allthatisseeminglyacceptable—andmostlywrong.“Wehaven'tfoundanyconvincingev

idencethataprestigiousuniversity(名牌大学)matters，”saysErnestT．PascarellaoftheUniversityofIowa,co­authorof“HowCollegeAffectsStudents”，an827­page

reportofhundredsofstudiesofthecollegeexperience.Accordingtosomestudies,graduatesofprestigiousuniversitiesdoearnmuchmoney.Buteve

nthisseemslikejustacoincidence.Kidscountmorethantheircolleges.GettingintoYalemaymeanintelligence,talentandambition.Buttherearemanyotherthingstha

tareequallyimportant.Thereason:somanysimilarpeoplegoelsewhere.Gettingintocollegeisn'tlife'sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompetition,theresultsm

aychange.PrincetoneconomistsAlanKruegerstudiedadmissionstoonetopPhDprogramme.HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwhogotin;degreesofp

restigiousuniversitiesdidn't.So,parents,lightenup.Americaisacompetitivesociety;ourkidsneedtoadjusttothatbuttoomuchpushin

esscanbedestructive.TheveryambitionweplaceonourchildrenmaygetsomeintoHarvardbutmayalsosetthemupfordisappointment.Theymayhavebeensoaccustom

edtobeingontopthatanythinglessdisappointsthem.1.Parentsarethetruefightersinthecollege­admissionwars,probablybecause________．A．theymakemorepre

parationsthantheirchildrenB．theyfocusontheresultsmorethantheirchildrenC．theydecidewhichuniversityfitstheirchildrenbestD．t

heythinkmoreaboutthemselvesthantheirchildren2.ThewriterbelievesthatinthepresentUSA________．A．atopcollegemeansabrightfutureB．child

rensuffergreateranxietynowthaninthepastC．beingadmittedtocollegehasbecomemoreandmoredifficultD．childrenshou

ldapplytomoreschoolsthanevertoenteratopcollege3.Whatisthemeaningbehindthesentence“Kidscountmorethantheirc

olleges.”？A．Continuingeducationismoreimportanttoaperson'ssuccess.B．Aperson'shappinessshouldbevaluedmorethantheireducation.C．Whatkidslearn

atcollegecannotmatchjobmarketrequirements.D．Kids'actualabilitiesaremoreimportantthantheircollegebackground

.4.WhatdoesKrueger'sstudysuggest?A．GettingintoPhDprogrammesmaybemorecompetitivethangettingintocollege.B

．Degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdonotguaranteeentrytograduateprogrammes.C．Graduatesfromprestigiousuniversitiesdon

otcaremuchabouttheirGREscores.D．Connectionsbuiltinprestigiousuniversitiesmaybekeptlongaftergraduation.2．C细节理解题。根据

第二段的“It'struegettingintocollegehasgenerallybecometougherbecausethenumberofhighschoolgraduateshasgrown.”可知高中毕业生数量的增加使得进入大学变得越来越困

难。由此判断选项C正确。故选C。3．D句意理解题。此句表达的意思是：孩子比他们的大学重要。根据下文的描述“Gettingintocollegeisn'tlife'sonlycompetition.Inthenextcompe

tition,theresultsmaychange.(进入大学并不是生活的唯一竞争，在下一场竞争中，结果可能就不一样了。)”可知这里的意思是孩子的能力比大学背景更重要，故选D。4．B推理判断题。根据AlanKrueger的研究“HighscoresontheGREhelpedexplainwh

ogotin;degreesofprestigiousuniversitiesdidn't.”可知研究生入学考试的高分帮助进入博士课程，但是名牌大学的学位不行。言下之意，名牌大学的学位并不能保证进入研究生项目。故选B。40.Itisnotonlypraiseorpunish

mentthatdeterminesachild'slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportantwaysweshapeourkids—particularlybyg

ivinginstructionsandcommandsinanegativeorpositivechoiceofwords.Forexample,wecansaytoachild“Don'trunintotraffic！”or“Stayonthefoot

pathclosetome.”Inusingthelatter,youwillbehelpingyourkidstothinkandactpositively,andtofeelcompetentinawiderangeofsituations,becausetheyknowwhattodo

,andaren'tscaringthemselvesaboutwhatnottodo.Whydoessuchasmallthingmakeadifference?Itisallinthewaythehumanmindworks.Whenwethink,wea

utomaticallyrehearse.Forexample,ifsomeoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn'tbeabletodoit.Whenach

ildistold“Don'tfalloffthetree，”hewillthinkoftwothings:“don't”and“falloffthetree”．Thatis,hewillautomaticallycrea

tethepictureoffallingoffthetreeinhismind.Achildwhoisvividlyimaginingfallingoffthetreeismuchmorelikelytofalloff.Soitisfarbettertouse“Holdontothetreec

arefully.”Clear,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightwaytodothings.Kidsdonotalwaysknowhowtobesafe,orhowtoreacttothewarningofthedangerinneg

ativewords.Soparentsshouldmaketheircommandspositive.“Sam,holdonfirmtothesideoftheboat”ismuchmoreusefulthan“Don'tyoudaretofalloutofthebo

at？”orworsestill“HowdoyouthinkI'llfeelifyoudrown？”Thechangesaresmallbutdifferenceisobvious.Childrenlearnhowtoguideandorganiz

ethemselvesfromthewayweguidethemwithourwords,soitpaystobepositive.1.Positivechoiceofwordshelpskidsto________．A．dothingscarefullyB．buil

duptheirconfidenceC．improvetheirimaginationD．learnindifferentsituation2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Achildw

illactonwhatisinstructed.B．Onecan'thelpimaginingwhatisheard.C．Achildwillfalloffthetreewhentoldnotto.D．Onewon'tthinkofabluemonkeywhen

givenmoney.3.Whichofthefollowingcommandshelpskidstobesafe?A．Fastenyourseatbelt.B．Don'tplaybythelake.C．HowdoyouthinkI'llf

eelifyougethurt?D．Don'tyoudaretowalkthroughtheredlight.4.Themainideaofthepassageisthat________．A．pra

isemakeskidsconfidentB．rightinstructionskeepkidssafeC．clearcommandsmakekidsdifferentD．choiceofwordscanmakeadifferenc

e【文章大意】本文主要是告诉人们如何去教育孩子。要给孩子提供积极正面的指导，而不是负面消极的各种“不准”或“不要”。1．B推理判断题。根据第一段“Itisnotonlypraiseorpunishmentthatdet

erminesachild'slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportantwaysweshapeourkids—particularlybygivinginstructionsandcommandsinaneg

ativeorpositivechoiceofwords.”可知积极正面的话语会让孩子们树立信心。2．B推理判断题。根据第二段“Whenwethink,weautomaticallyrehearse.Forexample,if

someoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn'tbeabletodoit.”可知，越让不要去想人们越禁不住会

去想，故选B。41.TheManBookerPrizeforFictionisawardedforanovelwrittenbyawriterfromtheCommonwealthortheRepublicofIrelan

danditaimstorepresenttheverybestincontemporaryfiction.TheprizewasoriginallycalledtheBooker­McConnellPrize,whichwasthenameofthecompanythatsponsoredi

t,thoughitwasbetter­knownassimplythe“BookerPrize”．In2002,theManGroupbecamethesponsorandtheychosethenewname

,keeping“Booker”．Publisherscansubmitbooksforconsiderationfortheprize,butthejudgescanalsoaskforbookstobesubmittedthattheythinkshouldbein

cluded.Firstly,theAdvisoryCommitteegivesadviceiftherehavebeenanychangestotherulesfortheprizeandselectsthepeoplewhowilljudgethebook

s.Thejudgingpanelchangeseveryyearandusuallyapersonisonlyajudgeonce.Greateffortsaremadetoensurethatthejudgi

ngpanelisbalancedintermsofgender(性别)andprofessionswithintheindustry,sothatawriter,acritic,aneditorandanacademicarechosenalongwithawell­knownpersonfro

mwidersociety.However,whenthepanelofjudgeshasbeendecided,theyarelefttomaketheirowndecisions.Meanwhile,theprizesponsorhasnofurtherrighttota

kepartinanymore.TheManBookerjudgesincludecritics,writersandacademicstomaintaintheconsistentqualityoftheprizeanditsinflue

nceissuchthatthewinnerwillalmostcertainlyseethesalesincreaseconsiderably,inadditiontothe￡10，000thatcomeswiththeprize.1.Whoc

ansubmitbookstotheprize?A．Judges.B．Writers.C．Readers.D．Sponsors.2.WhyistheprizenamedtheManBookerPrize?A．Becausetheprizeisgiventowritersf

romtheCommonwealth.B．Becausetheprizewasknownassimplythe“BookerPrize”．C．BecausetheprizeissponsoredbytheManGroupandtheykeptthename.D．Becauset

heprizeisaimedtoawardtheverybestcontemporaryfiction.3.WhichtaskcanbedonebytheAdvisoryCommittee?A．Changingtherulesfortheprizeontheirown

.B．Selectingthejudgingcommittee.C．Makingdecisionsonwhoisthewinner.D．Submittingbooksforconsiderationfortheprize.4.Theconsistentqualityofthepri

zesisguaranteedby________．A．theprizemoneyB．thegenderofthejudgesC．themake­upofthepanelofjudgesD．theincreaseinsalesofthewinner2．C细节理解题。根

据第一段的“TheprizewasoriginallycalledtheBooker­McConnellPrize,whichwasthenameofthecompanythatsponsoredit,thou

ghitwasbetter­knownassimplythe‘BookerPrize’.In2002,theManGroupbecamethesponsorandtheychosethenewname,keeping‘Bo

oker’．”可知，布克奖以赞助商布克公司命名，故答案为C。3．B细节理解题。根据第二段的“…theAdvisoryCommitteegivesadviceiftherehavebeenanychangestotherules

fortheprizeandselectsthepeoplewhowilljudgethebooks.”可知顾问委员会可以选择评审书单的人员，故选B。4．C细节理解题。根据“Thejudgingpanelchangeseveryyearan

dusuallyapersonisonlyajudgeonce.”和“Greateffortsaremadetoensurethatthejudgingpanelisbalancedintermsofgender(性别)andprofessionswithinthein

dustry,sothatawriter,acritic,aneditorandanacademicarechosenalongwithawell­knownpersonfromwidersociet

y.”以及最后一段可知，布克奖始终如一的公信力和权威性，指的是除评审员之外，还有全体陪审员，且是每年更换的。故答案为C。